The North Carolina Division of Emergency Management and the National Weather Service are developing the Integrated Flood Observing and Warning System (IFLOWS), which will give residents of seventeen mountain counties one-half to three hours warning of flash-flood conditions. The system is designed to predict flash flooding in areas characterized by steep slopes and narrow valleys where flash flooding is likely to occur.
This article presents new water resources legislation in North Carolina. The bills enact the new North Carolina Clean Water Revolving Fund Act of 1987, pollution control permit fees, and a wastewater treatment works permit or bond.
North Carolina residents are recognizing that stormwater runoff from coastal development or soil erosion can cause serious pollution problems. However, there is less public understanding of how urban stormwater runoff contributes to degradation of water quality across the state. The issue of urban stormwater management for water quality purposes presses the need for regulations and legislative revisions.
In March the Environmental Management Commission ruled that municipalities and industrial operations which discharge treated wastewater into Falls and Jordan Lakes must reduce phosphorus levels by 1990. Falls and Jordan Lakes were declared nutrient-sensitive in 1983, and stringent regulations were imposed to control the growth of algae in the lakes. A lower phosphorus standard will make it more feasible to employ biological, rather than chemical, methods to remove phosphorus.
The North Carolina gave final approval on April 29 to a bill banning the sale and use of household phosphate detergents. Supporters of the ban believe it will help curb algae growth in nutrient-sensitive rivers and lakes by reducing the amount of phosphorus in wastewater discharges. The ban will also help to reduce operational costs at water treatment plants.
Urban planning experts at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill report that population and economic growth have left many cities and towns in the Southeast with inadequate water supply and sewer systems. They attribute this condition more to a lack of planning and realistic pricing than a lack of ability to pay for the necessary facilities. Municipalities are trying to cope with growth pressures through conservation and postponed expansion, and by shifting financial burden to the private sector.
Legislation was introduced in the North Carolina General Assembly to establish a commission to study the issue of watershed protection standards. The bill was prompted by concerns among Raleigh city officials about pollution threats to Falls Lake, the main source of drinking water for Raleigh and much of Wake County. The proposed commission would investigate the need for watershed development standards beyond a local basis.
In May, the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission proposed regulations for allocating water supply from Jordan Lake. The rules set out a process to guide water supply allocation but do not allocate the water to specific users. The proposed rule would also require that fifty-percent of the water supply remain unallocated in first-round allocations.
The North Carolina Environmental Management Commission is considering recommendations to declare the entire Neuse River basin as a nutrient-sensitive watershed. The recommendation is aimed at combatting the causes of algae infestations in the lower Neuse River and reducing nutrient loading of the Pamlico Sound. The nutrient-sensitive designation would enable limits to be imposed on the amount of phosphorus in wastewater discharges into the watershed.
A report published by the Water Resources Research Institute concludes that nitrogen loading should be reduced by at least thirty-percent and that phosphorus loading should be reduced by at least fifty-percent to stem algal blooms and support a long-term management strategy for the lower Neuse River.
Scientists in the University of North Carolina Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering say that groundwater supplies located in granite and gneiss rock types in the Blue Ridge, Inner Piedmont, and Raleigh Belt geologic regions are more likely to have high concentrations of radon-222 than other groundwater supplies in North Carolina. The study was supported by the Water Resources Research Institute and provides recommendations for managing radon concentrations in drinking water.
Food science specialists at North Carolina State University say that present economic incentives for water conservation and waste minimization in the food industries are very strong, and assistance provided by North Carolina’s Pollution Prevention Pays Program is enhancing those incentives. Public perception has also been an important incentive for waste reduction in the food industries.
In the 1987 State of the Environment Report, two major concerns were the quality and quantity of North Carolina’s water resources, and hazardous and radioactive waste management. According to the report, the state must give priority attention to water and waste management because of the declining role of the federal government in these areas.
To protect the largest stand of maritime forest left on the Outer Banks and the Cape Hatteras Aquifer, which provides water to most of the residents in the area, the North Carolina Division of Coastal Management has proposed designating the Buxton Woods area as an Area of Environmental Concern. The designation would restrict development in Buxton Woods, and the proposal has created controversy.
In July, Federal Judge W. Earl Britt ruled that the Army Corps of Engineers must restudy two issues related to the Lake Gaston/Virginia Beach pipeline project for which the Corps issued 404 construction permits in 1984. The ruling will delay the pipeline project, but does not require the full-scale Environmental Impact Study that the State of North Carolina and the Roanoke River Basin Association sought in their suit against the Corps.