Articles in regional publications that pertain to a wide range of North Carolina-related topics.
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for "Tar Heel Junior Historian"
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4417
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Born a slave in Bladen County, George White graduated from Howard University and returned to North Carolina to practice law. He joined the Republican Party and was elected to the General Assembly in the 1880s. He later was prosecuting attorney for the Second Congressional District. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from 1897-1901. He was the last former slave to serve in Congress and the last African American elected from the South to Congress until 1972.
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4418
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At the start of the 20th-century, three industries were gaining prominence -- tobacco, textiles, and furniture. Each made its influence felt in a different geographic location. Tobacco was the Coastal Plain's big moneymaker. Two hundred textile plants spurred growth in the Piedmont, encouraging farmers to grow more cotton. Furniture factories developed in the foothills, near their source of raw materials.
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4419
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The Southern textile industry relied on child labor. Between 1880 and 1910, around one-fourth of the workforce was under the age of sixteen; many laborers were as young as seven. Soon reformers questioned the use of children as laborers working long hours. In 1913, North Carolina and other states passed laws restricting the hours children could work. Many manufacturers ignored the laws. It would be another ten years before child labor reforms became effective.
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4420
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Alexander J. McKelway advocated child labor reform. As editor of the NORTH CAROLINA PRESBYTERIAN, and later the CHARLOTTE NEWS, his views influenced the state, the South and the nation. Among his successes were raising the age limit for child laborers, limiting the hours of work, and requiring school attendance as a condition for employment. He died in 1918 before other reforms he sought became law.
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4421
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Four thousand miles of rail lines crisscrossed the state in 1900. Most of them belonged to the Atlantic Coast Line, Seaboard Line, and Southern Railway. In 1900, railroads were the major means of long-distance transportation. Railroads also brought changes. Farmers could raise cash crops now, instead of subsistence farming. New industries grew; old ones expanded. Railroads also influenced urbanization, creating new towns and increasing the size of old ones.
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4476
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Sailing for Francis I of France, Giovanni da Verrazano, an Italian, crossed the Atlantic in search of a passage to India. What he found was the Outer Banks and a body of water beyond he called the Oriental Sea. This would later be named the Pamlico Sound. Verrazano sailed as far north as Newfoundland before returning home. His \"discovery\" of an oriental sea kept explorers sailing west for many years seeking the elusive passage.
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4477
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The Bechtlers -- Christopher, son Augustus, and nephew Christopher, Jr., -- arrived in Rutherford County from Germany in 1830. Experienced metal workers, they saw that the economy was hindered because little gold was in circulation. Since Rutherford County at that time was the geographic center of gold mining in the nation, the Bechtlers opened a mint, which operated from 1831 to 1840. Over $2 million in gold was put into use during that period. The money boosted industry and helped people to buy and sell goods.
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Record #:
4523
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Cotton manufacturing reached the North Carolina Piedmont in the 1820s. Although the industry grew, North Carolina remained the poorest state in the South in 1860. However, by 1900, North Carolina, mostly because of the textile industry, was the South's leader in industrialization. Bonham examines a 19th-century cotton mill and describes the process for turning raw cotton into cloth.
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Record #:
4524
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North Carolina gave over 125,000 troops to the Confederate Army. Almost 20,000 were killed, and another 20,000 died of disease. Thousands more suffered crippling wounds. The harsh life of a soldier is revealed through letters of Jeremiah Glover, Rowan County; Bryan Grimes, Pitt County; and Samuel H. Walkup, Union County.
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4525
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John Futch, New Hanover county farmer, husband, and father, joined the Confederate Army in February 1862. He fought at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, where his brother Charley was killed. Futch wrote a number of letters to his wife describing his hardships, weakness in spirit after the Gettysburg defeat and Charley's death, and his wanting to come home. Futch was shot for desertion on September 3, 1863.
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4527
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By 1900, almost 95 percent of textile families in the South lived in company housing, which was small and lacked running water, indoor toilets, and central heating. Yet the families dealt with all hardships. The gardened to supplement what could be bought with meager salaries. They shared chores such as harvesting and hog killing with other members of the community. Because they didn't have doctors, they relied on their own healers and home remedies. For entertainment they listened to village musicians and went to dances.
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4528
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Although they had little money for toys and even less time for play, mill village children still found ways to entertain themselves at the start of the 20th-century. They used their imagination to create toys from corncobs, sticks, and similar materials. They played baseball and football with improvised equipment. Lacking radio and television, they enjoyed storytelling. They also socialized and had fun at church.
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4529
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Unlike northern mill villages, where there were rowhouses or apartments, mill villages in North Carolina tended to have detached, single-family dwellings with lots for gardens or animals. There was no indoor plumbing, and wells were shared. Other village buildings included warehouses, the company store, an area for recreation, a church, and a school.
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14.Women in Mill Villages by Frederickson, Mary Tar Heel Junior Historian Vol. 26 Issue 1, Fall 1986
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4530
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Women were an integral part of the textile mill workforce in the late 19th- and 20-centuries. Many were just off the farm and often found adjustment to mill life difficult. Jobs were demanding. Night shifts for mothers with children were equally hard. Women relied on older relatives to help with the home. Working conditions did not improve until after World War II.
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4679
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Blackbeard was the most famous of all the pirates during the Golden Age of Piracy, which lasted from the late 17th-century into the early 18-century. He raided ships and towns from the Caribbean to the coasts of Virginia and the Carolinas, and his personal appearance inspired terror in those he confronted. He was killed near Ocracoke in 1718 by sailors of the King's navy.
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