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for Simmons, Furnifold M. (Furnifold McLendel), 1854-1940
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Record #:
8572
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Furnifold McLendel Simmons, known as “The Senator,†was born in New Bern in 1854. Although he did not attend law school, he passed both of his law examinations and practiced law in Jones County, New Bern, and Goldsboro. The seventeen-year period following Reconstruction was controlled by the Democratic Party, an era called the Bourbon Democracy. When people's cries for tax reform went unheeded, a new political party called the Populist Party was formed to run against both Democrats and Republicans in 1892. During this period of upheaval, Simmons accepted the position of chairman of the state Democratic party and helped to put Elias Carr in the governor's office, also in 1892. These activities were the beginning of what would be known as “the Simmons Machine.†In 1898, Simmons was again appointed chairman of the Democratic Party, which used the platform “Black Supremacy or White Supremacy in North Carolina?†and employed red-shirted horsemen to keep African Americans from voting. Democrats regained control of the General Assembly, and in 1899 Simmons proposed a suffrage amendment and grandfather clause to discourage African American voters. Simmons helped elect Charles Brantley Aycock, the Democratic nominee, to the governor's office in 1900, and from 1901-1931 Simmons served as a United States Senator.\r\n
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Record #:
8577
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Both the success and criticism of the “Simmons Machine,†headed by Furnifold McLendel Simmons, stemmed largely from the fact that it announced its gubernatorial candidates over four or eight years in advance of the election. This created a momentum and continuity against which opponents had little recourse. Another reason for the machine's success was that it could offer well-qualified candidates for governor from within its own ranks. It also engaged in red-shirting, a practice where horsemen in red shirts prevented African-Americans from voting, and falsifying absentee ballots. It wasn't until 1930, when Simmons lost re-election for a sixth US Senate term, that the machine stopped being a political threat.
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Record #:
11446
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This article is the result of a four-hour interview Carl Goerch had with Senator Simmons at his home in New Bern. In it Simmons relates the outstanding events in his political life of over fifty years. Among the items he discusses are an account of his first speech, his first campaign for public office, and the intense campaign of 1892.
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Record #:
11448
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In this installment Simmons relates the battle for white supremacy in the state during the Campaign of 1898, including how the campaign was waged, the difficulty in arousing the citizens, and the fight in connection with the grandfather clause.
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Record #:
11457
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In this concluding installment about his political life, Simmons tells why he did not support Governor Al Smith in the 1928 national election. It was because of the governor's affiliation with Tammany Hall, Wall Street, and former Republican associates.
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Record #:
11954
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The story of the historic homes located in Jones County could fill a book. Well-known houses include Sen. Furnifold McClendal Simmons' home located between Trenton and Pollocksville, and the Foscue house, thought to be haunted, one of the first brick dwellings in the county.
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Record #:
20431
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In the presidential election of 1928, the Democratic party met an unprecedented defeat nationally, including serious losses in the South. In North Carolina, questions of organization and leadership were as important as debates on religion, prohibition, and Tammany; these and personal rivalries divided Democratic allegiance. Of particular interest in this was that Furnifold M. Simmons, U.S. Senator from North Carolina (and Democrat), refused to support his own Party's candidate for president.
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North Carolina Historical Review
(NoCar F251 .N892), Vol. 37 Issue 4, Oct 1960,
p516-543, f
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Record #:
20903
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This article analyzes the workings of the Democratic Party via an examination of the 1930 senatorial primary. Focus is placed on candidate profiles, particularly that of conscientious senator Furnifold M. Simmons and his dilemma of being torn between his responsibility for national legislation, concern for his local constituents, and his desire for re-election--all within the framework of inner-party politics.
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North Carolina Historical Review
(NoCar F251 .N892), Vol. 42 Issue 1, Jan 1965,
p21-46, por
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Record #:
20964
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This article examines the efficacy and legacy of Furnifold M. Simmons political career, most notably his over 30 years of service in the United States House of Representatives.
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North Carolina Historical Review
(NoCar F251 .N892), Vol. 44 Issue 2, April 1967,
p166-187, f
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Record #:
20970
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This article looks at the political upheaval that arose in the state after Herbert Hoover's North Carolina win in the 1928 election. Particular attention is given to conflict within the state's Democratic party concerning Furnifold M. Simmons' lack of support for Hoover's opponent, Democratic candidate Alfred E. Smith.
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North Carolina Historical Review
(NoCar F251 .N892), Vol. 44 Issue 3, July 1967,
p270-282, f
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Record #:
28015
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Furnifold McLendel Simmons lived in New Bern and served as U.S. Senator for North Carolina in 1901-1930. The Liberty Ship Furnifold M. Simmons was named after him. Callie Hollowell had served on the ship and provided an account of this episode.
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Journal of the New Bern Historical Society
(NoCar F 264 N5 J66), Vol. 13 Issue 1, May 2000,
p15-22, il
Record #:
36139
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The portrait of New Bern’s Simmons-Nott Airport included the life of Senator Furnifold Simmons, that the airport was originally to be named for. Also profiled was Lt. Joel B. Nott, who perished upon his aircraft’s crashing during the dedication day aerial demonstration.
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