This collection includes departmental faculty meeting minutes, annual reports, self studies, correspondence, announcements, publications, and the unit code of operations for the Department of Geography, Planning, and Environment.
Search Collection Guides
1,517 Results
Showing 706 - 720 for Daily Reflector, December 1, 1900
Collection (1943-1945) of member of U.S. Naval Academy Class of 1941, including correspondence, typescript diary relating to the cruise of the USS BORUM (DE-790).
Records (1973-2015) of the North American Society for Oceanic History (NASOH) including correspondence, membership lists, annual conference materials, book awards, bibliographies, newsletters, treasurer's records, programs, and publications.
George T. Bowman Papers
#1292This archive covers the early life and long United States Army career of Brigadier General George T. Bowman (b. 1869 and d. 1951). His career included service (stateside) during the Spanish-American War with the New York 65th Volunteer Infantry, with various New York volunteer and regular Army units in the Philippines (1899-1904), in Cuba (1906-1909), with Gen. John Pershing on the Mexican border (1915-1916), during World War I (1918-1919), and in Germany after World War I ended. Included are correspondence, orders and other military documents, photographs, newspaper and magazine articles, maps, narratives and commentary by Bowman, and a diary.
Richardson Preyer Papers
#0102This collection contains about 363 cubic feet of material documenting the Congressional career of Lunsford Richardson Preyer. Mr. Preyer (January 11, 1919-April 3, 2001) of Greensboro, North Carolina, served in the U.S. House of Representatives for twelve years (January 1969-January 1981).
Ethel W. Bost Diary
#MF0006Material relating to the life of Clarence Stasavich before he came to East Carolina University in 1962 to be the head football coach (and later athletic director) and after his death in 1975. Included is correspondence (1942-1945) related to his time in the U.S. Navy during World War II where he was an LST Commander in several theatres of war, items related to his time at Lenoir Rhyne College as a football coach prior to coming to East Carolina University, and clippings and documents related to his death in 1975, the subsequent memorial service, and scholarships created in his memory.
Papers (1866) including correspondence, diary, conversion of people, etc.
This collection contains the records of the former ECU News Bureau, including press releases, newspaper clippings, sound recordings of programming, and information about East Carolina gaining university status.
Grady Family Papers
#0898Papers (ca. 1793-2002, undated) of the history of the Grady family, of Duplin County, North Carolina including correspondence, legal papers, financial documents, clippings, and photographs relating to various members of the Grady family; also including biographical information on John Grady, who fought in the American Revolution and who is known as the first North Carolinian to die in the war; Benjamin Franklin Grady who fought in the Civil War for the Confederate States of America, and who served in Congress from 1890-1894; and John K. Grady who fought in World War I.
Henderson D. Mabe Papers
#LL02-25The collection contains papers related to Dr. Mabe's personal medical practice, personal papers, product advertisements, and journal.
Leon W. Jackson Papers
#1059Collection of papers 1941-2005, undated (bulk 1943-1946), consisting primarily of letters from Pvt. Leon W. Jackson to his sister Lois (Claude E.) Dees and to her son Tony while he was serving in the U. S. Army in Georgia and Europe; also letters from Leon W. Jackson's friend, Pfc. Jerrold S. Robinson to Lois (Mrs. Claude E.) Dees and Leon W. Jackson; also dated photograph and album.
Maury York Collection
#0825Collection (ca. 1981) of research materials compiled for a publication on Dr. Charles O'Hagan Laughinghouse and the history of Pitt Community Hospital, ca. 1870-1981, including correspondence, notes, and photographic prints and negatives.
Laupus Family Papers
#LL02-45The collection contains papers, photos, and memorabilia from Dr. William E. and Evelyn (Fike) Laupus.
This collection contains correspondence, publications, press releases, and administrative records related to the administration and competition of intramural and collegiate sports teams at East Carolina.
Personal Name Filters
- Wright, Stuart, 1948- 105
- Wright, Stuart, 1948---Correspondence 24
- Lennon, Donald R. 23
- Albright, Alex 12
- Rives, Ralph Hardee 12
- Dembo, Jonathan, 1948- 9
- Valentino, Carmen D. 9
- Elmore, Martha G. Little 8
- Sparrow, W. Keats (Wendall Keats), 1942-2009 8
- Flowers, John Baxton, III, 1942- 6
- Wright, Wilbur, 1867-1912 6
- Brabner, Ian 5
- Hooker, William Howard 5
- Kammerer, Roger E. 5
- Tate, Allen, 1899-1979 5
- Warren, Robert Penn, 1905-1989 5
- Ciardi, John, 1916-1986--Correspondence 4
- Elmore, William E. "Mickey" 4
- Helms, Jesse 4
- Sauter, Dale 4
- Scott, Ralph L. 4
- Unknown 4
- Wright, Orville, 1871-1948 4
- Ammons, A. R., 1926-2001 3
- Atkins, Alison Hearne 3
- Carr, Elias, 1839-1900 3
- Ciardi, John, 1916-1986 3
- East, John P. 3
- Garrett, George, 1929-2008--Correspondence 3
- Homann, Johann Baptist, 1663-1724 3
- Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963 3
- Kittrell, William B. (William Beau), 1937- 3
- Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865--Assassination 3
- Lindsay, Neill, Mr. 3
- Ransom, John Crowe, 1888-1974 3
- Rives, Ralph Hardee--Correspondence 3
- Robinson, Lorraine Hale 3
- Scott, William Kerr, 1896-1958 3
- Smiley, John Stevenson "Steve", Sr. 3
- Steelman, Joseph F. 3
- Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972 3
- Vaughan, Uriah, 1813-1890 3
- Wooten, Frank M. (Frank Marion), 1916- 3
- York, Maurice C. 3
- unknown creator 3
- Abernethy, Sarah Alva All 2
- Alford, Arthur S., 1929-1982 2
- Alford, Arthur S., 1929-1982--Correspondence 2
- Allen, Oliver H., 1850-1925 2
- Andrews, Guilford, 1839-1913 2
- Anonymous 2
- Arrington, Asa Wayne 2
- Auld, Lawrence W. S. 2
- Aycock, Charles B. (Charles Brantley), 1859-1912 2
- Bell, Madison Smartt 2
- Bellin, Jacques Nicolas, 1703-1772 2
- Bellis, Vincent J., 1938- 2
- Bolívar, Simón, 1783-1830 2
- Bonner, Herbert Covington, 1891-1965 2
- Brewster, Lawrence 2
- Brooks, Cleanth, 1906-1994 2
- Browning, Robert M., 1955- 2
- Bryan, William D., Jr. 2
- Clark, Walter, 1846-1924 2
- Clay, Henry, 1777-1852 2
- Codman, Charles R. (Charles Russell), 1829-1918 2
- Collins, Donald E. 2
- Core, George 2
- Core, George--Correspondence 2
- Costagliola, Francesco 2
- Crenshaw, Russell Sydnor, 1920- 2
- Crews, Harry, 1935-2012 2
- Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1889 2
- Davis, Louis Poisson, 1883-1978 2
- Deal, Ralph C. 2
- Dennard, David C. (David Charles), 1946- 2
- Dillard, Richard, Sr., -1887 2
- Dixon, Arminius Gray--Correspondence 2
- Dixon, Richard Dillard, 1888-1952 2
- Doak, Frances Renfrow, 1887-1974 2
- Douglass, Frederick C., active 1889-1897 2
- Eberhart, Richard, 1904-2005 2
- Eberhart, Richard, 1904-2005--Correspondence 2
- Elmore, William E., 1944- 2
- Ervin, Sam J., Jr. (Sam James), 1896-1985 2
- Evans, William Ernest, 1869-1930 2
- Everett, Mary 2
- Fay, Julie 2
- Fields, Milton 2
- Flannagan, Eric G. 2
- Forrest, J. Thomas 2
- Gardner, Oliver Max, 1882-1947 2
- Gerritsz., Hessel, approximately 1581-1632 2
- Gilpin, John Wallace 2
- Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885 2
- Greene, William M. A., 1920-2007 2
- Grimes, Bryan, 1828-1880 2
- Grimes, John Wharton, Sr. 2
- Hall, Damika L. 2
- Hardy, Michael C. 2
Corporate Name Filters
- United States. Navy--Officers 75
- United States. Navy--Military life 40
- United States. Army--Military life 38
- United States Naval Academy--Alumni and alumnae 21
- East Carolina University--Faculty 20
- Democratic Party (N.C.) 15
- United States Naval Academy--Students 14
- United States. Navy--Officers--Interviews 14
- Confederate States of America. Army--Military life 13
- W.E. Laupus Health Sciences Library 12
- Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps, Inc. 11
- United States. Naval Reserve 11
- United States. Navy--Officials and employees 11
- Between The Covers--Rare Books, Inc 9
- Ten Pound Island Book Company 9
- United States Naval Academy 9
- United States. Navy 9
- Denning House Antiquarian Books & Manuscripts 8
- North Carolina (Battleship : BB-55) 8
- United States Navy B-1 Band 8
- United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces 8
- United States. Marine Corps--Officers 7
- Country Doctor Museum (Bailey, Nash County, N.C.) 6
- East Carolina Teachers College--History 6
- Murfreesboro Historical Association (Murfreesboro, N.C.) 6
- United States. Army--Officers 6
- United States. Navy--Officers--Correspondence 6
- United States. Navy--Submarine forces 6
- Broadfoot Publishing Company 5
- East Carolina Teachers College--Students 5
- East Carolina University 5
- East Carolina University--Alumni and alumnae 5
- East Carolina University--Periodicals 5
- North Carolina. General Assembly. House of Representatives 5
- United States. Navy--African American troops--Interviews 5
- University of North Carolina (1793-1962)--Students 5
- Confederate States of America. Army--Recruiting, enlistment, etc. 4
- Democratic Party (U.S.) 4
- East Carolina Alumni Association 4
- East Carolina Teachers College--Administration 4
- East Carolina University--Employees 4
- East Carolina University--Students 4
- East Carolina University. Board of Trustees 4
- Littleton Female College 4
- Merrimack (Frigate) 4
- North Carolina. General Assembly. Senate 4
- Oklahoma (Battleship) 4
- Republican Party (N.C.) 4
- United States. Army. Air Corps 4
- United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 45th (1862-1863) 4
- United States. Naval Reserve--Officers 4
- United States. Navy--Records and correspondence 4
- United States. Navy--Sea life 4
- AbeBooks 3
- Arizona (Battleship) 3
- British-American Tobacco Co. (China)--Employees 3
- Democratic National Committee (U.S.) 3
- Democratic Party (N.C.)--History--19th century 3
- Democratic Party (N.C.)--History--20th century 3
- East Carolina University--Administration 3
- East Carolina University--Buildings 3
- East Carolina University. Department of Athletics--Records and correspondence 3
- End of the Century Book Club (Greenville, N.C.) 3
- Greenville High School (Greenville, N.C.) 3
- Methodist Protestant Church (U.S. : 1830-1939). North Carolina Conference 3
- North Carolina Farmers' Alliance 3
- North Carolina Railroad Company 3
- North Carolina Wesleyan College 3
- Pitt County Medical Society 3
- Pitt County Memorial Hospital 3
- Rotary Club (Greenville, N.C.) 3
- U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation 3
- United States Naval Academy--History 3
- United States. Army Air Forces 3
- United States. Army--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 3
- United States. Coast Guard 3
- United States. Naval Reserve. Women's Reserve 3
- United States. Navy--African American troops 3
- United States. Navy--Aviation 3
- United States. Navy--Petty officers 3
- United States. Navy. Pacific Fleet 3
- Yorktown (Aircraft carrier : CV-10) 3
- Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company 2
- Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad Company 2
- Carolina Christian College (Ayden, N.C.) 2
- Charles A. Stafford (Ship) 2
- Charles Apfelbaum, Rare Manuscripts & Archives 2
- Confederate States of America. Army. North Carolina Infantry Regiment, 7th 2
- Confederate States of America. Army. North Carolina Infantry Regiment, 8th 2
- Contentnea Primitive Baptist Association 2
- Coral Sea (Aircraft carrier) 2
- Democratic Party (N.C.). State Executive Committee 2
- East Carolina College--Faculty 2
- East Carolina College--History 2
- East Carolina Teachers College--Faculty 2
- East Carolina Teachers College--Periodicals 2
- East Carolina Teachers Training School 2
- East Carolina Teachers Training School--History 2
- East Carolina Teachers Training School--Students--Social life and customs 2
- East Carolina University--History 2
Family Name Filters
- Clark family 3
- Carpenter family 2
- Hardison family 2
- Humber family 2
- Myers family 2
- Robinson family 2
- Spragins family 2
- Taylor family 2
- Whitehurst family 2
- Windley family 2
- Amis family 1
- Augustus Moore Family 1
- Austin family 1
- Barnhardt family 1
- Bason family 1
- Batts family 1
- Belcher family 1
- Bellamy family 1
- Bettencourt family 1
- Braswell family 1
- Bryan family 1
- Buck family 1
- Bulloch family 1
- Butler Family 1
- Carr Family 1
- Caveness Family 1
- Chauncey family 1
- Coffield (Family : Edgecombe County, N.C.) 1
- Commander family 1
- Cook family 1
- Cooper family 1
- Crawford Family 1
- Croom family 1
- Davenport family 1
- Deal family 1
- Dunn family 1
- Edwards, Lewis Swan, Family 1
- Ellis family 1
- Elmore family 1
- Fearing family 1
- Ficklen Family 1
- Fowle family 1
- Garland Family 1
- Garrenton Family 1
- Garrett (Family) 1
- Gay family 1
- Getsinger family 1
- Gooding family 1
- Grady (Family : Duplin County, N.C.) 1
- Grady family 1
- Grimes family 1
- Grimsley family 1
- Hammond, Alfred Franklin I-III (Jones and Craven Counties, North Carolina) 1
- Hamner family 1
- Hardee family 1
- Harvey family 1
- Hollowell family 1
- Holt Family 1
- Hughes family 1
- Hunter family 1
- Irwin Family 1
- Jenkins family 1
- John Gideon Taylor family 1
- Jones family 1
- Lamb family 1
- Lancaster family 1
- Lasitter family 1
- Laupus Family 1
- Lewis family 1
- Mallison family 1
- Mann family 1
- Massengill Family 1
- Matson and Shields Family 1
- May Family 1
- McCall family 1
- McLean family 1
- Mewborn Family 1
- Monk (Family : Farmville, N.C.) 1
- Moore family 1
- Morton family 1
- Moseley family 1
- Murphey (Family : Craven County, N.C.) 1
- Noble family 1
- O'Hagan family 1
- O'Toole family 1
- Ormond family 1
- Ott-Lundin Family 1
- Pace Family 1
- Palmer family 1
- Person Family 1
- Pittman family 1
- Price family 1
- Proctor Family 1
- Puryear family 1
- Ramsay family 1
- Reid family 1
- Repiton family 1
- Riddick Family 1
- Rives family 1
- Roberson family 1
Topic Filters
- World War, 1939-1945--Naval operations, American 59
- World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American 54
- Authors, American--20th century 31
- World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Ocean 31
- Poets, American--20th century 21
- Pearl Harbor (Hawaii), Attack on, 1941 19
- World War, 1914-1918--Personal narratives, American 15
- World War, 1939-1945 15
- World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Area 14
- Destroyer escorts 11
- World War, 1914-1918 11
- World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations, American 11
- Politicians--North Carolina 9
- Soldiers--Diaries 9
- Lawyers--North Carolina--Greenville 8
- Novelists, American--20th century 8
- Soldiers--United States--Correspondence 8
- World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives 8
- Destroyers (Warships)--United States 7
- Logbooks--United States 7
- Medicine--Formulae, receipts, prescriptions 7
- Political campaigns--North Carolina--History--20th century 7
- Prisoners of war--United States 7
- Soldiers--North Carolina--Correspondence 7
- World War, 1914-1918--Personal narratives 7
- Agriculture--North Carolina 6
- Book clubs (Discussion groups)--North Carolina--Greenville 6
- Church records and registers--North Carolina--Greenville 6
- Education, Higher--North Carolina--History 6
- Prisoners of war--Japan 6
- Slavery--North Carolina 6
- World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Solomon Islands--Guadalcanal 6
- African American musicians--Interviews 5
- College presidents--North Carolina--Greenville 5
- Critics--United States 5
- Deeds--North Carolina--Pitt County 5
- Education, Medical 5
- Education--North Carolina--Pitt County 5
- Governors--North Carolina--Election 5
- Guadalcanal, Battle of, Solomon Islands, 1942-1943 5
- Land titles--North Carolina--Pitt County 5
- Missionaries--China 5
- Poets, American--North Carolina 5
- Political campaigns--North Carolina 5
- Primitive Baptists--North Carolina--Pitt County 5
- Prohibition--North Carolina 5
- Railroads--North Carolina 5
- Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877) 5
- Soldiers--United States--Diaries 5
- Taxation--North Carolina 5
- Tobacco industry--China 5
- Tobacco industry--North Carolina--Greenville 5
- Women authors, American--20th century 5
- World War, 1914-1918--France 5
- World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Atlantic Ocean 5
- World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--France--Normandy 5
- World War, 1939-1945--Economic aspects 5
- World War, 1939-1945--Prisoners and prisons, Japanese 5
- Argonne, Battle of the, France, 1918 4
- Authors, American--North Carolina--20th century 4
- Bonds--Confederate States of America 4
- Deeds--North Carolina--Lenoir County 4
- Deeds--North Carolina--Martin County 4
- Enslaved persons--North Carolina 4
- Governors--North Carolina 4
- Kinston, 1st Battle of, Kinston, N.C., 1862 4
- Korean War, 1950-1953--Naval operations 4
- Military offenses--United States 4
- Motion pictures--North Carolina--Greenville 4
- Naval discipline--United States 4
- Politicians--North Carolina--History--20th century 4
- Prisoners of war--Germany 4
- Soldiers--Confederate States of America--Correspondence 4
- Tobacco industry--North Carolina 4
- Tobacco--North Carolina 4
- Whitehall, Battle of, Seven Springs, N.C., 1862 4
- Women--Societies and clubs 4
- World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns--Western Front 4
- World War, 1914-1918--Medical care 4
- World War, 1914-1918--Naval operations 4
- World War, 1914-1918--Trench warfare 4
- World War, 1939-1945--Amphibious operations 4
- World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Japan--Okinawa Island 4
- World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Philippines 4
- World War, 1939-1945--Japan 4
- World War, 1939-1945--Maps 4
- World War, 1939-1945--Naval operations--Submarine 4
- Anti-submarine warfare 3
- Authors, American--Kentucky--20th century 3
- Authors, American--North Carolina 3
- Bible records--North Carolina--Pitt County 3
- College students--North Carolina--Greenville 3
- Deeds--North Carolina 3
- Deeds--North Carolina--Craven County 3
- Deeds--North Carolina--Edgecombe County 3
- Education--North Carolina 3
- English teachers--North Carolina--Greenville 3
- Fredericksburg, Battle of, Fredericksburg, Va., 1862 3
- Gardening--Societies, etc. 3
- History teachers--North Carolina--Greenville 3
Geographic Name Filters
- North Carolina--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 48
- United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Personal narratives 38
- North Carolina--Genealogy 25
- Pitt County (N.C.)--Genealogy 21
- United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 20
- United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Personal narratives, Confederate 20
- North Carolina--Politics and government--20th century 18
- United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Campaigns 16
- United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Desertions 13
- New Bern (N.C.)--History, Military--19th century 12
- Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 12
- United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Equipment and supplies 11
- North Carolina--Social life and customs--19th century 10
- Beaufort County (N.C.)--Genealogy 9
- China--Description and travel 9
- North Carolina--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Personal narratives 9
- North Carolina--Politics and government--1865-1950 9
- Virginia--Genealogy 9
- Craven County (N.C.)--Genealogy 8
- Greenville (N.C.)--History 8
- Lenoir County (N.C.)--Genealogy 8
- North Carolina--History 8
- United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Participation, African American 8
- United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Prisoners and prisons 8
- Edgecombe County (N.C.)--Genealogy 7
- Greene County (N.C.)--Genealogy 7
- Halifax County (N.C.)--Genealogy 7
- Pitt County (N.C.)--History 7
- United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Naval operations 7
- Washington (N.C.)--History 7
- Washington (N.C.)--History, Military--19th century 7
- North Carolina--Politics and government--1951- 6
- United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Blockades 6
- United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Economic aspects 6
- United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Hospitals 6
- Greenville (N.C.)--Photographs 5
- North Carolina--Politics and government--19th century 5
- North Carolina--Social life and customs--20th century 5
- Roanoke Island (N.C.)--History--Capture, 1862 5
- United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Casualties 5
- United States--Politics and government--20th century 5
- Baltimore (Md.)--Description and travel 4
- China--Social life and customs--20th century 4
- Edgecombe County (N.C.)--History 4
- Japan--Description and travel 4
- Kinston (N.C.)--History, Military--19th century 4
- North Carolina--History--1775-1865 4
- North Carolina--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Economic aspects 4
- North Carolina--Politics and government 4
- Richmond (Va.)--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 4
- Southern States--Social life and customs--19th century 4
- United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Destruction and pillage 4
- Alaska--Description and travel 3
- China--Politics and government--20th century 3
- Chowan County (N.C.)--Genealogy 3
- Confederate States of America--Social conditions 3
- Congo (Democratic Republic)--Description and travel 3
- Craven County (N.C.) 3
- Europe--Description and travel 3
- Georgia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 3
- Goldsboro (N.C.)--History, Military--19th century 3
- Greenville (N.C.)--Race relations 3
- Halifax County (N.C.)--History 3
- Jones County (N.C.)--Genealogy 3
- Martin County (N.C.)--Genealogy 3
- New Bern (N.C.)--History 3
- North Carolina--Description and travel 3
- North Carolina--Economic conditions--20th century 3
- North Carolina--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Campaigns 3
- North Carolina--Maps 3
- Pasquotank County (N.C.)--Genealogy 3
- Petersburg (Va.)--History--Siege, 1864-1865 3
- Pitt County (N.C.)--Maps 3
- Seven Springs (N.C.)--History, Military--19th century 3
- United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--African Americans 3
- United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Claims 3
- United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Health aspects 3
- United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care 3
- United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Social aspects 3
- United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783 3
- Veracruz (Veracruz-Llave, Mexico)--History--American occupation, 1914 3
- Virginia--Description and travel 3
- Virginia--Social life and customs--19th century 3
- Warren County (N.C.)--Genealogy 3
- Alabama--Genealogy 2
- Bath (N.C.)--History 2
- Bellair Plantation (N.C.) 2
- Bladen County (N.C.)--History 2
- Brazil--Description and travel 2
- Camp Lee (Va.) 2
- Camp Upton (N.Y.) 2
- Carteret County (N.C.)--Genealogy 2
- Carteret County (N.C.)--History 2
- Chile--Description and travel 2
- China--Economic conditions--1912-1949 2
- Confederate States of America--History 2
- Congo (Democratic Republic)--Social life and customs 2
- Dismal Swamp Canal (N.C. and Va.) 2
- Edenton (N.C.)--History 2
- Elizabeth City (N.C.)--Social life and customs--19th century 2