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'[Fashionetta
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The Mind does not take its complexion from the skin...
Frederick Dougl::
EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA'S MINORITY VOICE - SINCE 1981
JOYNER LIBRARY
GREENVILLE
PERLODICALS
FEBRUARY 12 - FEBRUARY 22, 1997
Black Beauticians File Federal Lawsuit
Angered Over State Law Requiring Training for Braiding Hair
A lawsuit filed in federal court
last month challenges state laws
that require hair stylists who per-
form chemical-fee African
hairbraiding to undergo nine
months of unrelated cosmetology
training.
Plaintiffs in ??oCornwell v. Cali-
fornia Board of Barbering and
Cosmetology??? said the laws are
forcing the predominantly black
hairbraiders to go ??ounderground???
in order to work. The lawsuit asks
that the state be blocked from en-
forcing licensing requirements on
braiding specialists. -
The cosmetology ?,?urriculum
does not teach hairbraiding, the
plaintiffs note, and they argue that
the curriculum is a remnant of
??oJim Crow??? laws based on Cauca-
sian standards of beauty that as-
sume the only thing to be done
with black hairis to use chemicals
to straighten it so thatit resembles
its white counterpart.
??oHow do you license something
you don??Tt teach,??? asked Tabblib-
Din Uqday, executive director of
American Hairbraiders & Natu-
ral Haircare Association, a plain-
tiff in the lawsuit. ??oHow do you
teach something you don??Tt know???
How does it make me in violation
of the law if you don??Tt have a law
that governs what I do????
A spokeswoman for the Depart-
ment of Consumer Affairs, which
oversees the Board of Barbering
and Cosmetology, said there is a
sweeping state law that requires a
license of anyone ??odressing, curl-
ing, waving,
shampooing...relaxing, singeing...
beautifying or otherwise treating
by any means the hair of any per-
son.???
The plaintiffs charge that state
cosmetology licensing laws dis-
criminate against stylists provid-
ing traditional African hairstyles
and keep them from earning a
living.
??oWhen you stifle the entrepre-
neurial urge in any community,
you're doing violence to that com-
munity,??? said JoAnne Cornwell, a
professors of Africana studies at
San Diego State University, one of
the plaintiffs in the suit and a
practitioner of ??osisterlocks,??? a hair-
styling technique she has trade-
marked.
Cornwell would like to open her
own hairbraiding salon, but can-
not because she is not a licensed
cosmetologist.
Both Uqday and Cornwell said
the suit is about more than unfair
business practices, it is about the
continuing cultural standards set
and enforced by a nonblack soci-
ety.
??oIf you look at the cosmetology
regulations they really help per-
petuate a negative self perception
on the part of women with natu-
rally textured hair,??? Cornwell said.
??oAnd that it is not naturally
straight.
??ohat is all that the cosmetology
industry teaches...We have bad
hair, they have good hair,??? she
said. ??oYou can imagine what kind
of implications that has for your
self-perceptions.???
The state requires that hair styl-
ists in braiding must meet the
same standards as other stylists,
namely 1,600 hours (nine months)
of cosmetology training and pas-
sage of a licensing exam.
But braiding is not included in
the state-approved curriculum for
cosmetology schools nor tested in
the licensing exam.
Braiding involves -twisting,
weaving and interlocking the hair
Nannie Helen Burroughs
Nannie Helen Burroughs
Nannie Burroughs, an African-
American community leader in
Washington, D.C., during the pe-
riod 1906 to 1961 and founder of
the Nannie Helen Burroughs
School for Colored Girls (later
named the National Professional
Training School), has not been
much discussed in the historical
literature. Burrough??T s records lie
buried, for the most part unread,
infrequently noticed and un-inter-
preted. To the extent she has been
discussed, however, she has often
been termed the female Booker T.
Washington (Bennett, 1971;
Pickens, 1921). This label is used
to suggest that because she
founded a training school for young
African American women to be
prepared for careers in domestic
work, social services, sewing, tai-
loring, nursing and health related
areas, her political stance regard-
ing segregation was, like that of
Booker T. Washington, an
accommodationist one.
Nannie Helen Burroughs did not
old the same convictions as
Booker T. Washington but agreed
that every man has a right to his
own convictions. To better under-
stand the messages given by
Nannie Helen Burroughs it is im-
portant to understand the histori-
cal stage upon which she entered.
The complexities of post slavery
society, the various factions within
Black America, the frustration, the
uncertainty, the hard-liners want-
ing to maintain slavery and the
excitement of freedom.
With Washington??Ts identity so
O.J.: A case of tit-for tat?
Responses to verdict by Whites and Blacks
reinforce the bigger problem of race intolerance
by Judith Jackson
Special to the Tri-State Defender
LOS ANGELES - The civil jury
in the O.J, Simpson case may be
in, but public opinion remains
mixed along racial lines as to his
real guilt or innocence in the blud-
geoning slayings of his former wife
and an alleged male friend.
The civil trail ended as
expected...Simpson guilty of vio-
lating the civil rights of Nicole
Brown Simpson and Ronald
Goldman. With the verdict came
an $8 million judgment with more
expected from the all-White jury
on punitive damages.
Similar to his criminal
trial verdict in which Simpson was
acquitted of the crimes, the guilty
verdct in the civil action brought
not-so-surprising praises from
Whites and criticisms from
Blacks...a complete turn of events
from the results of the criminal
trial.
The majority of Whites in most
mainstream media surveys
praised the jury??Ts verdict, calling
it a semi-balance of redemption
for getting off the criminal charges.
Conversely, the majority
of African-Americans criticized the
jury??Ts unanimous decision and re-
ferred to it as ??otit-for-tat??? of a ??oso-
ciety whose foundation is built on
racism.???
??oWe knew it was going to hap-
pen,??? said Los Angeles civil rights
activist Raymond Boyd. ??oAmerica??Ts
judicial system which is primarily
based on Whited values, could
never allow a Black man to escape
the ire of the mainstream. It sim-
ply wouldn??Tt happen. After all,
guilty orinnocentin the real sense,
the mainstream had to be vindi-
cated for Simpson??Ts errored mur-
der trial acquittal.??? ??oThis last
laugh??T perception by Whites and
we knew it all along??T attitude by
Blacks in both Simpson cases is
acutely reflective of the great ra-
cial disparity that plagues
America,??? said Dr. Henry James
Andrews, professor of Black Stud-
ies at California State University.
??oWhile Simpson has been the cen-
tral character in this still unfold-
ing drama, the theme was and
continues to be one of racial indif-
ference and division. ??oNo matter??T
what the outcome of the civil trial
would have been, Whites would
have been dissatisfied with any
firmly established in history as an
accommodationist, as a believer in
paternalism and self-help as a sub-
stitute for protest and political
activism, it is a powerful but erro-
neous thing to call Nannie Helen
Burroughs the female Booker T.
Washington.
This label suggests to those who
readit that Nannie Burroughs was
not an activist. The label has been
attached to Nannie Helen
Burroughs on the basis of little
serious study, and it appears to
have been attached to her prima-
rily because she, like Washington,
founded a training school. Nannie
Helen Burroughs entered a larger
society where Booker T. Washing-
ton ruled in that period of his life.
She had a choice, like all African
Americans; take the
accommodationist stance or the
activist non-accommodationist
stance. She took the latter.
The study of Nannie Helen
Burrough??Ts career, as it relates tr
the founding and
management of her school, is
an effort to determine her views
and actions regarding racial
progress, the advancement of Af-
rican Americans, the economic
plight of African Americans and
resistance to White oppression.
This research was based on the
extensive Nannie Helen
Burroughs manuscript collection
located in the Manuscript Divi-
sion of the Library of Congress.
The researcher was guided by
Patricia Hill Collin??T s (1990) work,
Continued on Page Two.
other verdict. And Blacks would
have been dissatisfied with any-
thing less than ??ongt guilty,??? Dr.
Andrews said. ??oThe attitudes and
reactions were pre-determined by
the racial differences of the play-
ers and society??Ts deep-seeded ra-
cial phobia. Simpson symbolizes
the ugly American (Black male) in
America His former wife, the inno-
cent and untouchable White dam-
sel who was abused, misused and
ultimately killed by this once sin-
gular exception who finally re-
moved his mask to reveal his true
ugly persona ??oSadly, this percep-
tion is as much alive today within
America??Ts main stream as it was
in the 1920s and long before when
group judgments were made ab-
nt of judicial proceedings and
Sis uspects were hung on racially-
without the use of chemicals such
as shampoos, rinses and gels and,
according to plaintiffs, is the exact
opposite of processing, or straight-
ening African American hair us-
ing chemicals.
The plaintiffs argue that the
state regulations suppress an ex-
pression of their African heritage.
The argue that African
hairbraiding salons should still be
subject to health standards, like
clean floors and proper ventila-
tion. They also say that natural
styling is so safe that it should not
be held to the same rules as chemi-
cal processes like bleaching and
permanents.
Assembly woman Marguerite
Archie-Hudson, D-Los Angeles,
introduced a bill last year tocreate
a special license for hairbraiding.
The bill was withdrawn.
The lawsuit says requiring
braiders to go to beauty school
makes no sense since the skills
they need are not taught and is so
expensive many women cannot
afford beauty school tuitions of up
to $7,000.
??oIm here in the name of every
woman who ever walked into a
beauty salon and was turned away
or laughed at or told her hair has
to ??ofixed???,??? said Cornwell. ??oThe
cosmetology regulations perpetu-
ate a negative self-image for
women with naturally textured
hair.???
The Washington-based Libertar-
ian law firm, the institute for Jus-
tice, is a prime backer of the law-
suit. They decided to challenge the
cosmetology laws after a study
cited those laws as a hinderance to
low-income women tring to start
their own businesses.
EMANUEL PARKER
Photo by James Rouse
History Makers, God Bless the Fathers who open
door for you. African Americans like John
Bizzell who was the first black Greenville board
member. Is shown with Executive Director of
the West Greenville Community Developement
Corporation, Mrs. Barbara Fenner. Keep up the
cand wark
a? 3
\
Photo by James Rouse
Washington, N.C. Shown outside the studio of
WTOW Radio Station is the Minority Affair
Committee at Washington Senior High School,
who have a talk show on the radio each month.
based perceptions alone. Call it
the slave master mentality that
still persists today...subconscious,
perhaps, but there nonetheless.
??oBut criticism shouldn't only lie
with Whites, Blacks, too, ignored
the principles of juris prudence
and facts and determined his in-
nocence solely on the basis of their
racially based perceptions.
??oWhite and Black responses in
both cases couldn??Tt have been more
predictable.??? Simpson??Ts attorneys
say they plan to appeal his civil
trial decision and are confident
whatever punitive damages are
assessed???? on top of the $8 mil-
lion judgment, thaf'the decisions
will be reversed on technicality.
Meanwhile, Simpson hasn??Tt yet
made a public statement, and at
the urging of his lawyers, may
simply go underground after the
case is concluded.
But once concluded, Simpson
may well face another horrific
dilemma,..a second shot by his
former in-laws to gain custody of
his two children. The civil trial
verdict may well be enough for a
new custody hearing, a staff mem-
ber from attorney Johnnie
Cochran??Ts office said. Cochran,who _
successfully defended Simpson in
his criminal trial was not avg -
able for comment.
a
ice NV
faye
Mrs. Beatrice Maye
CONGRATULATIONS to JANIELLE,
WILLIAM, AND JOHN ROBERT
BRYAN!
Parents:
Bryan
Grandparent: Mrs. Beatrice Maye
William and Mamie Maye
These children competed in the 1997
Reflections Contst Program held at the
Two Springs Elementary School,
Bellvue, Nebraska. The children's eight
entries will be submitted to the State
Competition in Lincoln, Nebraska in
Janielle, age 10, and John Robert, age
six, were eines tn. the literature
category. Janielle, William, age eight,
and John Robert were winners in the
Photography and Music categories.
FEBRUARY'S
PROGRAMS
UPCOMING
Sycamore Hill
"African-American Extravaganza - 7
Categories???
St..Mark's, Martin County
Literary program, highlighting Black's
contributions, past and present
Holly Hill
African-American Progam, 6 p.m.,
Sunday, February 9.
St. REst Holiness Church, Winterville
Milton Brown, a Winterville native,
presently, principal, Connecticut Public
School System
Attire: Each Sunday, African mre
New Deliverance Church, Ayden
All Churches will jointly celebrate with
speeches, music and skits
Cornerstone
Heritage Sunday, February 23. Dress
according to your culture.
Sunday, February 23, 6 p.m., "God's
Trombones" Sandra Jones, Directress
St. Gabriel's
Feb. 23: Sr. Maxine Towns, S.A.,
director, African-American Ministry and
Evangelization, speaks, 11:00 Mass
Reverent sympathy is expressed to the
late "Jack" Harris family. The family's
gratitude is expressed thusly: Words
don't seem adequate to express just
what your acts of kindness have meant
tous. You have brought us great warmth
and comfort during this difficult time.
For all of your words of kindness, your
helpful deeds, prayers and concerns -
we simply say, Thank you and thank
God for you all
Mrs. Rosa Harris, wife
Mrs. Frances Bullock and her daughter,
Janet, Capt. C.J. Hardy, and family,
Mrs. Mable Lang, and Mrs. pauline
Anderson attended the Inauguration of
President Clinton, January 20.
Damien Brewington was awarded a
$1,500 scholarship, Sunday, February
2, 1997 at Sycamore Hill Baptist Church.
Damien is the son of Gloria Brewington.
COMA, cele tis ag
ona oe ee ee cette eget remms ce zinnt pa sear
mea se ERENT CPR RC ee
Sia Gaacbyn Nabeling: Capi; Stephen???
Staton, and Daniel Bullock, Jr., were
presenters at the Retirement Living
i Class taught by Beatrice Maye.
A speedy recovery is extended to Ms.
Lucille Rich, Mr. Curtis Simpson, and -
Dr. Garrie Moore.
Our heartfelt sympathy goes to Mrs.
Evelyn Lopez and her family also.
HAPPY BIRTHDAY, MRS. ROSA
BRADLEY!
BLACK INVENTIONS
L.S. Burridge, Typewriting Machine
A. Miles, Elevator
C.B. Brooks, Street sweeper
J.L. Love, Pencil Sharpener
Fred M. Jones, Removable
refridgeration
J.H. Smith, Lawn Sprinkler \.
L.C. Bailey, Folding Bed
W. Johnson, Egg Beater
J.T. White, Lemon Squeezer
A.L. Lewis, Window cleaner
Granville T. Woods, Telephone system
and apparatus
W.B. Purvis, Fountain Pen
John F. Pickering, Airship
J.H. Sweetening, Device for rolling
cigarettes
J.A. Burr, Lawn mower
Lewis H. Latimer, Electric Lamp
W.H. Richardson, Child's carriage
J.E. Matzeliger, Shoe lacing machine
Isaac Johnson, Bicycle frame
oe) eR EUR ar
2
and gas ; mask
TJ. Marshall, Fire extenguisher
Sarah Roone, Ironing ??"
John Stanard, Reffidgerator
By: Kwake Person-Lynn, PhD
American African Inventions
SOME AFRICAN-AMERICAN
WOMEN MAKING A DIFFERENCE
Note: Byno means are those mentioned
any more important than the others
locally.
Pat Alexander, Cassandra Bell, Vernita
Bowman, Rosa Bradley, Dr. Janet
Bullock, Dede Carney, Shirley
Carraway, Erma Carr, Patricia Clark,
Eva Clayton, Jennifer Congleton,
Mildred Council, Martha Dawson,
Bernita Demery, Imogene Dupree,
Karen Ellis, Barbara Fenner, Marjorie
Gatlin, Mildred Elliott, Carolyn Ferebee,
Lucille Gorham, Marion Gorham
Wilkes, Mary Hardy, Velma Harris,
Patricia Haynes, Helen Johnson,
Sherrie Johnson, Virginia Jones,
Dorothy Josey, Mable Lang, Pattie
Leary, Valerie McCloud, Rebecca Oats,
Clejetter Pickett, Sallye Streeter,
Valerie Thomas, Effie Thompson, Isabel
Wicker, Mary Lawrence Williams, Taffy
Benson Clayton, Kimberly Moore
Have You Names To Add? Let Me Have ,
Them, Please.
February.
Burroughs,
Black Feminist Thought. a Model
of Black Women??Ts Activism.
Nannie Helen Burroughs was
born toex-slave parents and grand-
parents in Culpepper, Virginia in
May 1879, 14 years after the end of
the Civil War. In 1883, after the
death of her husband (John) and
younger daughter, Jennie
Burroughs moved to Washington,
D.C. with her four year old daugh-
ter Nannie Helen Burroughs. This
move was prompted by Jennie
Burrough??Ts desire to acquire the
best education possible for her
daughter. Nannie Helen
Burroughs told an unknown White
woman that wrote about her in a
1922 publication entitled The Van-
guard of a Race that her ??odream
was to become a teacher, get mar-
ried, have children, live near her
mother and have a comfortable,
quiet life??? (Vanguard of a Race,
1922, p.6). Parts of this dream
were delayed forever when the
promised teaching job was re-
tracted because of her skin color
and economicstatus. Nannie Helen
Burroughs would live to experi-
_ ence prejudice from White Ameri-
cans as well as anunfamiliar preju-
dice from African Americans based
Philippi, Farmville Blvd.
continued from page one.
on skin color and class prejudice.
The experience of the accommo-
dating color line set in Black
America by Booker T. Washington
wouldestablish permission for the
overt practice of classism when
Nannie Burroughs surprisingly
was rejected for the job she was
promised due to political class and
shade of skin. The world would
probably not have heard Nannie
Helen Burrough??T s voice had she
not been rejected for the job she
really wanted by members of her
own race based on the rules of
inequality and injustice. Much of
her life??Ts work occurred around
the themes of skin color prejudice,
class prejudice and social equality
for all human beings. She was very
much the social worker.
In 1912 the National Council for
Colored Women (NACW) had its
first convention and Nannie Helen
Burroughs headed the Depart-
ment for Young Women??Ts Work. In
1924, Nannie Helen Burroughs
was asked by Mrs. Washington
(Booker T. Washington??T s wife) to
assist her in keeping the National
Council for Colored Women free
from Internal strife and Burroughs
agreed, forif Internal conflicts dis-
rupted the effectiveness of the or-
ganization, gains made by the Af-
rican American women would be
lost. A very good friend of Burghs,
Mary McLeod Bethune, was
elected president of the National
Council for Colored Women.
Data for the study of Nannie
Helen Burroughs was gathered
from the Nannie Burroughs manu-
script collection. ??oThe papers of
Nannie Burroughs (1879-1961???
Finding Aid, p.3 are located in the
Library of Congress, Reading
Room, Manuscript Division in
Washington, D.C. The papers oc-
cupy ??o 134.4 linear feet of shelf
space and consist of approximately
110,000 items??? (Finding Aid, p.3.).
The Nannie Burroughs collection
includes documents dated from
1900 to 1961, with most of the
material dated between the years
??o1928 and 1960??? (Finding Aid, p.3).
The majority of the letters in the
general correspondence category
relate to maintaining and operat-
ing the school or deal with the
activities and internal affairs of
the Woman??Ts Convention.
The controversy with the Na-
tional Baptist Convention over the
Continued on Page Four.
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Black History Month
; Sunni Ali Ber was the ruler of the Kingdom of Songhay. Under Sunni Ali Ber??Ts
rule, Songhay grew from a small state into a very large kingdom. For 28 years this heroic warrior king
constantly won more and more territory for his people. He is remembered as one of the greatest leaders in
history.
The Songhay empire began when Sunni Ali Ber came to power in 1464. At first, Songhay was a small
state of Mali, ruled by Mansa Musa. One by one, Sunni Ali Ber of Songhay began conquering cities and
capturing trade routes. His kingdom soon ruled over what had been Mali. The kingdom of Mali had many
mines of gold and salt, some of the most valuable natural resources of ancient times.
Like the great Mansa Musa of Mali, Sunni Ali Ber had a huge army. His government was well
organized. Sunni Ali Ber set up courts of law, built roads, and made plans for feeding the poor. He also
conquered many smaller kingdoms and forced them to pay taxes to the empire of Songhay. Every caravan
that crossed the Niger River to Ethiopia and Egypt also was taxed. The kingdom of Songhay grew very rich.
The great cities of the Mali empire remained strong under Sunni Ali Ber. When he first came to power,
he destroyed and then rebuilt Mali??Ts capital, Timbuktu. He also conquered two other large cities, Gao and
Jenne. All three cities were on or near the Niger River.
Sunni Ali Ber??Ts dream was to create a kingdom that stretched across the entire width of Africa. He
achieved much of his dream by building one of the largest, and wealthiest empires in history. Though he
spent his lifetime making war, he was never defeated in battle. A skillful warrior, he attacked the small
kingdoms along the trade routes to the east of Songhay.
Sunni Ali Ber knew how to govern as well as how to win battles. The people whom he had conquered
were treated well. He also often honored the rulers of the conquered kingdoms. Sunni Ali Ber even married
the queen-mother of Jenne, one of the cities that he had conquered, so the people of Jenne would find it
easier to follow his rule.
Sunni Ali was different from former emperors of Mali in one very important way; he was not a loyal
Muslim. He allowed the scholars and priests of Islam to keep the mosques open. And, he sometimes prayed
at the mosques. Although he called himself a Muslim, Sunni Ali Ber was devoted to the religion and
traditions of ancient Africa.
Sunni Ali Ber kept his empire strong. His large army was trained and ready for battle at all times. Under
his command, workers built huge public projects. They also built public monuments and dug hundreds of
canals to bring water from the Niger River to many farm fields.
In 1492, Sunni Ali Ber went to look at one of his canal projects. He was never seen again. It was a tragic
end to a life of great achievement. Sunni Ali Ber respected and defended African traditions. He made the
Empire of Songhay one of the world??Ts largest and most powerful kingdoms.
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Ms. Illenne Wooten
Mrs. Esther Sampson
Ms. Joyce Tyson
Ms. Tausca Williams
Male Attendants
Mr. Grady Gaskins, Funeral Director
Deacon Jesse Sheppard
Deacon Jasper Payton
Bishop T.L. Davis
Mr. James Dixon
Minister Ralph Love, Jr.
Bishop Ralph Love, Sr.
Mr. Julius Madison
Deacon Nathaniel Keyes j
Mr. William Taft
Mr. George Vines
Mr. Cleveland Cox
Mr. Daniel Roundtree
Shown above is Rev. Hammond and Funeral Director, Mr. Ernest Perkins.
The New Gray Fleet of Cars
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Secretary/Receptionist, Ms. Joy R. Brown
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= Dwantyse young teens in
seven, eight, and nine were
mally introduced to the
. ville community on Satur-
day evening, December 14 during
_ the twelfth Fashionetta Scholar-
ship pagaent sponsored by the lota
Omega Chapter of the Al-
??oe Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc.
e cotillion was held in the Per-
Arts Center at J. H. Rose
High School.
Tamica LaShawn Smith daugh-
ter of Mr. and Mrs. Clifton Smith
??owas crowned Miss Fashionetta 96
by Tywanna Lenise Jeffries win-
ner in 1994. First runner-up was
-Quisha Renee Mallette daughter
cos oe Ss &
Tamica Smith ©
Mt VOICE - ~ WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 12- ~ FEBRUARY 22, 1997
FASHIONETTA. PAGAENT °96
of Dr. and Mrs. Julius Mallette.
Ebony Nicole Pritchard, daughter
of Mr. and Mrs. Clinton Pritchard
was second runner-up. The con-
testants chose Odetta Tandeiwai
Locks as Miss Congeniality. Win-
ners in the Art/essay contest were
Waquia Nisaa Maultsby and
Sophier Muranda Quinerly.
Other contestants were Danetta
Renee Applewhite, Theresa Kim-
berly Bynum, Shenecca Cannon,
Grecia Chareese Edwards, Sheron
Nicole Hardy, Lanita Reesie
Holsey, Kiandra Svonne Hunter,
Monica Shari Joyner, JoAnne
Lovanna Morgan, Ashely Rene
Moye, Krystal Kenyetta Patterson,
Shanell Renee Perkins, Fatimah
Shahid-EI, Ashley Noelle Staten,
Kimberly Karamoka Tyson,.
Ashley Christina Weaver, and
Leonce Marie Wilkins.
Senior marshals and junior es-
corts from area middle and high
schools served with the contes-
tants during the pageant.
The bienniel affair is designed
to help teenage girls financially
prepare for college as well as de-
velop characteristics of finer wom-
anhood.
Activities leading up to the pag-
eant included a mother/daughter
tea, a sundae social, Tar River
Manor nursing home service
project, a skating party, a health
seminar, and a family worship
Sunday. Fashionetta contestants,
parents, and sorority members vis-
ited Washington, D. C. October
19-20. Historic site visitation in-
cluded the White House tour, the
Frederick Douglas Home, the
Smithsonian Institution, and
Howard University where the AKA
Sorority was founded in 1908.
The program included the playet
??oThe African American Children
are Coming,??? acreative dance rou
tine, a step show, and jazz pianist
Rudolph Tyson as guest.
Steering committee members
were Sharon Evans and Charetta
Walls Co-chairpersons, Jennifer
Congleton, Ann Dixon, Karen Ellis,
Delilah Harris, Ella Harris, Bar-
bara Johnson, Dorothy Jordan,
Sharon Mallette, and Darlyn
White, Gloria Hines and Helen
Harrell.
Committee chairs were: Fi-
nance-Venus Johnson, Souvenir
Booklet Ella Harris, Events??"Jen-
nifer Congleton, Pageant-Sharon
Mallette and Delilah Harris, Pho-
tography/Gifts-Sondra Morris,
Escorts-Dorothy Jordan and
Rhonda Dennard, Tea/Socials-Bar-
bara Ormond and Maxine Whit-
ener, Historic Tour- Jean Carter,
Sharon Evans, Charetta Walls.
Gifts were presented each con-
testant and.scholarships will be
awarded upon their enrollment
into post secondary education.
The pageant culminated four
months of cultural, educational
and social activities sponsored for
the young ladies, escorts, and their
families.
Karen Fllisis chapter president.*
) ~
Quisha Mallette
Ebony Prichard
Odetta Locks
Krystal Patterson
Kiandra Hunter
Kimberly Bynum
|
s
Ashley Staten
Shenaca Cannon
}
Kimberly Tyson
JoAnna Morgan
Sheron Har dy
Waquia Maultsby
Sophier Quinerly
Ashley Weaver
} 2
| 1
??oDa Wie Applewhite
Monica Joyner
Fatimah Shahid-E
Shanell Renee Perkins
Leonce Wilkins
Reesie Holsey
Ashley Moye
Women's Center presents thirteenth annual Art Exhibition
The Women??Ts Center invites you
) to attend a truly unique art exhi-
bition, ??oThrough Women??Ts Eyes.???
??oOver the past 13 years, this juried
??oart show and sale has emerged as
an established showcase of women
artists from across North Caro-
Aina. This significant exhibition
serves to promote the talents, vi-
- sions, and voices of women.
??o Women??Ts Eyes??? is also
ve ~ animportant fundraiser enabling
_ © the Centerto provide valuable re-??T
~ pources to women and families
the community.
q i
ya
es
ie tite
??oThrough Women??Ts Eyes??? will
be available for viewing from Feb-
ruary 20-28 at The George Watts
Hill Alumni Center on the UNC-
Chapel Hill Gmpus. Three excit-
ing events will surround the show
and sale. The leading function is
the Coektail Buffet which will pro-
vide the frst opportunity to view
and purchase artwork. This event
will be held Thursday, February
20 from 6:30-8:30 p.m. The cost is
$75 per person and $ 125 per spon-
sor.
The second gathering is a Lun-
j
i)
cheon which will include the
awards presentation. This event
will be the first and only opportu-
nity to purchase a variety of cen-
terpieces created by local women
artists. The pieces will range in
price from $75-$200 and will in-
clude pottery, sculptures, etched
glass, decorative eggs, and hand
painted tableware. This artwork
is not part of the actual juried
show and will only be available for
sale at the luncheon. This event is
scheduled for Friday, February 21
from 10:00 a.m.-2:00 p.m. Tickets
t
are $40 per person and $60 per
sponsor.
The final event is the Meet the
Artists Reception which will be
held on Friday, February 21 from
4:30-7:00 p.m. During this event,
the Women??Ts Center will give away
two free tickets to any of Midway
Airline??Ts destinations across the
United States as well as gift cer-
tificates to Wellspring Grocery. All
attendees of this reception are eli-
gible for the drawing. Cog for this
event is $8 in advance, $ 12 at the
door, and exhibiting artists are
admitted free of charge. Call Selna
Berrier at (919) 968-4610 for more
information regarding any of these
events or for tickets.
The Women??Ts Center will give
away prizes in an At Show Raffle,
some of which include:
* Original painting by Beverly
Dixon, well-known Triangle Area
artist and long-time ??oThrough
Women??Ts Eyes??? exhibitor
* Colorfully handpainted round
vase donated by Vietre, a women-
owned business in Hillsborough
which imports jpanderafted Ital-
'
ian ceramics
* Pendant with precious stones
and multi-colored golds on a ster-
ling silver chain by: local artist
Christine Lux
* Gift Certificate for Roots CD??Ts
and Vinyl
* Dinner for two at Pyewacket
Restaurant
* Free massage from Susan
O'Neal, CMT
Raffle tickets cost $5 each or five
tickets for $20 and are on sale now
at the Women??Ts Center.
Photo by James Rouse
On asunny day at the Post Office you can run into
alot of old friends, shown above is Doctor Patricia
Brewer Formen, Principle of Agnes Fullylové &
Brother Grady, owner of Grannell Limousine
Services. Borther Grady Limousine Service is
available anytime.
Brothers in Christ
, J.
Photo by James Rouse
Rev. Herb Gardner, owner of Gardner Bail Bonding
Company is shown with another area Minister
discussing God??Ts Business in front of Gardner Bail
Bonding Company. The answer to a lot of our
problems is in the ??ogood book,??? just read it.
iaaiaeaie 2
FAMILY RESOURCE
COORDINATOR
The newly funded Bethel Family Resource Center
is seeking candidates for the position of Family
Resource Coordinator. The Coordinator
administers and coordinates programs and
services of this new agency. Qualifications for this
grant funded position include a bachelor??Ts degree
in a human services field and at least two to five
years experience in administration, supervision,
program development, fundraising and/or family
services. Candidates must have good interpersonal
skills and abilities to work with people from
diverse backgrounds. Salary range: $22,000 -
$26,000. Applications may be picked up at the
Bethel Family Resource Center located in Bethel,
North Carolina.
919-825-1110
Application deadline is February 28, 1997.
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legal status of the school receives
considerable attention until 1948
when Reverend Jemison puts and
end to the matter. Many of the
letters reflect Nannie Helen
Burrough??Ts views on education, the
role of the church, and the eco-
nomic, social, and political posi-
tions of African Americans in this
country. Letters are exchanged
with the National League of Re-
publican Colored Women, various
housewives of the time, National
Association of Wage Earners, na-
tional committees, including the
1932 Committee on Negro Hous-
ing of the President??Ts Conference
on Home Building and Home Own-
ership. ??oCorrespondents in the
Nannie Burroughs papers include
Mary McLeod Bethune (personal
and professional), Oscar DePriest,
James H. Dillard, Williams
Pickens of the Black Press, Adam
Clayton Powell, Sr.,and Dr. Ralph
Abernathy??? (Finding Aid, p.7) to
name but a few.
The financial file is the most
diverse of the categories of the
Burroughs papers. ??oIn addition to
the personal financial affairs of
Burroughs, the file include the fi-
nancial records of.the Women??Ts
Convention, the National Trade
and Professional School, the pa-
pers of Cooperative Industries, the
National Association of Wage
Earners, and the National League
of Republican Colored Women???
(Finding Aid, p.5). Financial
records of the commercial ventures
and tuition for students are also
available. The student records se-
ries is a volume containing the
scholastic achievements of the first
students. The file contains letters
from individuals seeking informa-
tion about the school, complete
enrollment records from 1909-1910
through 1930-1931. Transcripts
and listings of student grades are
also included.
Nannie Helen Burroughs wrote
many publications, speeches and
_ in 1934 she launched The Worker
as a missionary magazine and
teaching tool. The circulation of
The Worker grew to over 100,000
under the direction of Burroughs.
The staff at the Burroughs Ad-
??T ministration Center for the school
state that The Worker is the larg-
est fund-raiser for the school even
today. In addition, the collection
includes a number of speeches
made by the dynamic writer and
speaker. The collection includes
all available orders for publica-
tions, instructional literature, and
procedural information for the or-
ganization Baptist groups. Also
available to this researcher was
the staff person who received and
filed all of the material, as well as
a printed list of all of the 307 boxes
with descriptions of the material
in each box and microfilm mate-
rial.
Black newspapers were re-
searched for articles written by
758-7609
Burroughs, Continued from page wo.
and about Nanny Helen
Burroughs. The Colored Ameri-
can, The Richmond Planet, The
Black Republican, The Pacific Ap-
peal, The Baltimore Afro-Ameri-
can, The Washington Afro Ameri-
can, The New York Afro American
and the Pittsburgh Courier pro-
vide valuable information about
Nannie Helen Burroughs, the Af-
rican-American community and
society at-large during her life-
time.
Alice Smith, a student of the
National Training School for
Women and Girls, a worker at the
school beyond her educational
years and a confidante of Nannie
Helen Burroughs wasinterviewed
at the Park Nursing Home in Feb-
ruary, 1993. Smith came to the
school at a very young age and
stayed with Nannie Burroughs
until Burroughs died in 1961.
The history of Nannie Helen
Burroughs, is intertwined with the
history of other African women. In
America the role of educator
seemed reserved for African
American women. Nannie Helen
Burroughs fulfilled that role, and
many others, for a full lifetime.
African American and White in-
tellectuals and educators believed
that African American females
would ultimately provide the ma-
jor support system for the black
race. Schools were founded to meet
what was considered to be the spe-
cial needs of Black women. Among
those schools was the National
Training School for Women and
Girls in Washington, D.C., previ-
ously named The Nannie
Burroughs School for Colored
Girls. The Nannie Helen
Burroughs School for Colored girls
contributed much to the uplifting
of the Black race. The Nannie
Helen Burroughs School for Col-
ored Girls came out of the Amen-
can Black Baptist Church expen-
ence and the Black female activist
movement to uplift Black fami-
hes.
Sophie B. Packard and Harnet
Giles (two white women) chose At-
lanta as the site for an industrial
school for women (Spelman) be-
cause of its healthful climate, rail-
road connections and the spirit of
enterprise (Neverdon-Morton,
19~9). Nannie Helen Burroughs
chose Washington, D.C. as the site
for The Nannie H. Burroughs
School for Colored Girls because it
was the Nation??Ts capital. She be-
lieved that if the school was in the
nation??Ts capital it would send a
message to all African American
girls that the school was available
regardless of political connection
and economic status. The school
was available for all African Ameni-
can girls and women.
The training aspect of African
American education for women fell
in line with the Booker T. Wash-
ington philosophy which was as-
cendant in this period. Funds for
4 :
chairs for the students to sit in,
dishes for them to eat out of and
they had failed to raise fifty dol-
lars a month for a teacher of mu-
sic. Therefore, Burroughs did not
think the Convention men were in
the position to assume the man-
agement of the school. Further,
Burroughs pointed out that if the
Convention men had read the
Charter they would know that the
officers of the Baptist Convention
men hold no voice and no vote in
the school Board meetings. The
National Training School was a
national educational ideal and the
only educational institution oper-
ated by the race forits women and.
girls. All the other schools for Black
girls were operated by White:
people for the race (Pittsburgh
Courier, 1928, p. 1).
Nannie Helen Burroughs stated ??"
her thoughts in simple, straight-
forward terms. Audiences easily
understood the thoughts, feelings
and commitments of this new kind
of woman in her time. There was |
no guessing about where she stood.
If she thought there was any
chance of one??Ts misunderstanding
what she was saying, she gave
examples, parables and parables
to clarify her view or her point.
She stood on her convictions and
her beliefs whether or not other
people, Black or White, agreed or
felt positively or negatively about
the matter. Nannie Burroughs con-
stantly urged Americans to reas-
sess their values, to cease associ-
ating labor with slavery and seek
equality for all humans and to
regard labor as dignified and _a..
means to economic independence
rather than a reason to subjugate.
She believed that the Negro spent
too much time concerning itself
with the emulation of White folks.
She encouraged her students to be
authentic. Harrison ( 1929) de-
scribed Nannie Helen Burroughs
in the following manner: Nannie
Burroughs is brilliant as a whip,
as keen as a razor, as rugged asa
cross-cut saw, as stubborn as'a
mule, as impatient as a race horse,
as steady as an ox, as wise as a
serpent, but as harmless asa dove,
as sweet as arose, and as gentle as
a lamb, so long as you do not rub
the fur the wrong way.
Qh yes, Nannie Burroughs for- ©
gives, but she never forgets. She
can do things, say things and to
places and knows it. She can lead,
drive or drag, whichever the situ-
ation demands. She can make
plans and she can carry them out.
These characteristics, natural and
acquired, have contributed to the
uniqueness of her life of service
which has been fertile and refresh-
ing.
Dr. Nannie Helen Burroughs??T
life was studied for dissertational
purposes by Dr. Bass. However,
the life of Dr. Burroughs is now a
passionate endeavor for Dr. Bass.
Black schools were easier to come
by if one??Ts curricular ??obuckets???
were cast in the Washingtonian
mold. Morals and education were
deemed necessary if African
Americans were to emerge from
the pit of poverty (Giddings, 1984).
Nannie Helen Burroughs, like
other African American women of
Washington??Ts time, held ambiva-
lent attitudes toward him though
elements of his stance were at-
tractive. Nannie Helen Burroughs
deeply believed in Washington??Ts
philosophy of Black self-help, mu-
tual aid, and racial pride. As a
school founder and educator, she
was not opposed to Washington??Ts
ideas of industrial education. Be-
fore making gifts to Negro Col-
leges, prospective White donors
sought Washington??Ts assurance
that their monies would be ear-
marked for this kind of education
(Bennett, 1971). African American
women were influenced by
Washington??Ts formidable presence
but never became captives of the
famed Washington machine. From
the very beginning of Washington??Ts
national acclaim, African Ameni-
can women, like Burroughs, ex-
pressed conditional praise for his
achievement.
Nannie Helén Burroughs gave
clear and consistent messages
when she disagreed with Booker
T. Washington??T s suggestion that
theschool be built in the South. He
supported his suggestion with the
idea that the school was needed in
the south and could only survive
in the south. Burroughs was ada-
mant that the school should be a
national school and should be lo-
catedin the Nation??Ts Capital where
all women and girls would have
access and feel welcomed. To agree
with Washington in 1906 was to
be assured federal funds and to
disagree was to be without federal
educational support. Burroughs
followed her own mind and sought
funding in other ways.
A second activist, non-
accommodationist life event was
the question and battle of who
owned the school. It took eighteen
years, from 1920 to 1938 for the
Baptist men to realistically chal-
lenge Burroughs for ownership of
the school. Every time they brought
the issue of ownership to the Bap-
tist Convention floor, Burroughs
was there to speak her mind. The
Baptist men who frowned on the
initial effort to build the school
attempted to seize the achieve-
ment. The National Baptist Con-
vention, Incorporated, (all males)
demanded that the trustees of the
National Training School for
Women and Girls, Incorporated,
surrender their charter and turn
the school over to the males to
own, manage and control.
Burrough??Ts response to the Bap-
tist males was that they had been
unsuccessful in raising money for
a
working with
Salary range: $17,000
Carolina -
OUTREACH WORKER
The newly funded Bethel Family Resource
Center is seeking candidates for the position
of Outreach Worker. The Outreach Worker
performs specialized case management and
family support service work. Qualifications
for this grant funded position include an
associate??Ts degree in a human services field
and at least two to three years experience in
the
support/service work, and case management.
- $21,000. Applications
may be picked up at the Bethel Family
Resource Center located in Bethel, North
919-825-1110
Application deadline is February 28, 1997.
\,.
public, family
PART-TIME OFFICE ASSISTANT
The newly funded Bethel Family Resource Center
is seeking candidates for the position of a part-time
Office Assistant. The part-time Office Assistant will
act as receptionist for the Bethel Family Resource
Center and will perform, other duties such as filing,
telephone contacts, management otf forms, data
entry, and information and referral. Qualifications
for this grant funded position include a high school
diploma, some proficiency with computers,
knowledge of standard office equipment, good
writing, speaking, interpersonal, and problem-
solving skills. This person must also be able to set
up and operate an office. Salary range: $8,320.
Applications may be picked up at the Bethel Family
Resource Center located in Bethel, North Carolina
919-825-1110
Application deadline is February 28, 1997.
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Place: Autry's Body Shop
Dickinson Avenue
Date: Tuesday, February 18
Time: 6:00 p.m.
Food Provided!
Your comments and suggestions will be taken into consideration
and possibly used at the February 24. City Council
discussion on Drugs and Crime
City Officials will be in attendance
Sponsored by: Council Member Chuck Autry and Mayor Pro-Tem Rufus Huggins
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Black History Month
RNecertiti
led from 1379 B.C. to 1362 B.C.
-
.
Ge Queen Nefertiti, of Egypt, was one of the most beautiful women in history.
We know how beautiful she was because a statue of her still exists. The statue
shows Nefertiti??Ts lovely face, large dark eyes, graceful neck, and her jewelled collar and headdress.
This statue is famous, and a prized symbol of ancient Egypt.
Queen Nefertiti was as powerful as she was beautiful. She was married to the Pharaoh
Akhenaton. But she also had a great deal of power. In the temples that were built at that time, there
are more pictures of Nefertiti than of Akhenaton, her husband.
Where did Nefertiti get her power from? Like Akhenaton, she came from an Egyptian royal
family. Since Nefertiti was of royal blood, she was also thought to be a goddess. From historic
writings, we know that people sometimes prayed to her.
Like her husband, Queen Nefertiti followed the religion of Aton. She also believed that the
pharaohs could mix with ordinary people. Nefertiti and her husband often went together with their
six daughters. Nefertiti also helped to raise Tutankhamon, a royal prince. Eventually, one of her
daughters married Tutankhamon.
After Akhenaton had been the pharaoh for about twelve years, he and Queen Nefertiti drifted
apart. She moved into a separate palace. Nefertiti no longer appeared with Akhenaton in public as
his royal wife. We do not know the reason for this change. It is possible that her noble family had
begun to join with those who were against Akhenaton.
Queen Nefertiti lived for several years after the death of Akhenaton. It is believed that she
might have ruled Egypt for a few months because there are some drawings of Nefertiti which show
her dressed as a pharaoh. Nefertiti also lived through the reign of Tutankhamon, better known as
??oKing Tut,??? and was still very powerful.
Queen Nefertiti??Ts story tells us a lot about what royal life in ancient Egypt was really like.
Even though the pharaoh was supposed to be a god, noble families like Nefertiti??Ts held the real
power. These noble families even arranged marriages for their children in order to increase the
families power and wealth.
Queen Nefertiti was a woman with a great deal of wealth and power. She helped to rule Egypt
not only through her husband, but also through her daughters. It is very likely that Queen
Nefertiti??Ts name will be remembered in history because she was beautiful. More importantly, she
_ was strong during a time when women weren't supposed to be.
WESTERN-SOUTHERN LIFE
Family Protection Savings Growth
2331 Professional Dr. ¢ Rocky Mount, NC
1-800-537-8589
Black History Month
fllansa flusa 1
ruled from 1312 to 1337
= gtk
1 ~ The Kingdom of Mali was in western Africa, along the banks of the Niger River.
| Thousands of years ago, Mali was one of the richest kingdoms in the world. The Emperor Mansa Musa was
| Mali??Ts greatest ruler. Under Mansa Musa??Ts reign, Mali grew to be as large as western Europe.
Mali grew rich because it had many natural resources, including gold and salt. The people of Mali were
| also famous for making tools and weapons from iron. Mali traded iron weapons, gold, salt, kola nuts, and
other goods with Ethiopia and other African kingdoms. Mansa Musa and the other rulers of Mali controlled
the trade routes that criss-crossed Africa. A trade route that went from west to east, just below the Sahara
Desert, was the most important.
Ideas as well as goods crossed the African continent. A new religion, Islam, was adopted. Under Mansa
Musa??Ts reign, the Kingdom of Mali became an Islamic nation. Mansa Musa made Timbuktu, the largest city
in the kingdom, a world famous center for Islamic studies. Scholars came from all over Africa and Asia to
study there. The city had many beautiful mosques. Mansa Musa??Ts respect for the Islamic religion made all of
this possible.
Mansa Musa was a strong and just ruler. His kingdom was very well-organized. One of the reasons for
his success was that a the large number of people in his kingdom were able to read and write in Arabic. The
Islamic scribes, or writers, kept records of everything that happened during Mansa Musa??Ts rule. Because of
Mansa Musa??Ts scribes, we know many details about his rule. We know that he had a huge army of over
100,000 men, including a cavalry of 10,000 men. We also know that his kingdom signed many treaties and
collected many taxes. It is also known that rulers, all around Mali, paid taxes to the great Emperor Mansa
Musa.
The most important event in Mansa Musa??Ts life was his pilgrimage to Mecca. This journey took place in
1324. Mecca is the holiest city of Islam. It is the desire of all Muslims to make a pilgrimage to this city.
On his pilgrimage, Mansa Musa travelled with a huge caravan that had at least 10,000 people and
thousand of animals, The caravan had 1(0 camels just to carry the gold that the Emperor used during for his
trip. This huge group of people and animals traveled over a thousand miles to reach Cairo, the capital of
Egypt. There, Mansa Musa gave gifts to all the rulers and many of the people he met. It was said that he
brought so much gold into Cairo that the price of gold went down for the following ten years.
From Cairo, Mansa Musa went on to Mecca and visited the holy places of Islam. He then returned to
Mali. His journey attracted the attention of people in Asia and Europe. No one could imagine so much gold
and fabulous wealth being carried by this African king and his caravan.
Mansa Musa helped to open the eyes of the world to Africa. During his time, he was one of the most
powerful men on earth. He helped to spread the religion of Islam. And he built a mighty kingdom that lasted
for hundreds of years. Truly, the Emperor Mansa Musa was one of the greatest rulers of history.
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Menelik JJ
ruled from 1889 to 1913
European countries. But, Menelik II helped his ancient kingdom to remain free.
Menelik was born in 1844. His name at birth was Sahaba Mariem. Sahaba??Ts father was a prince of Shoa,
a small state that was part of the Ethiopian kingdom. At the time that Sahaba was born, the kingdom of
Ethiopia had been broken up into several smaller states.
In 1847, Sahaba??Ts father became the King of Shoa. However, he was killed in a battle with the
Ethiopians in 1855. The people of Shoa then chose the young Sahaba to be their new king. But Sahaba
became a ??oking??? in title only. The Ethio pian Emperor Tewodros II held all the power.
Tewodros captured the young king of Shoa and took him to his palace to be raised. The Emperor even
gave Sahaba his daughter in marriage. Though Tewodros treated him well, Sahaba longed to return home.
His chance came on July 1, 1865. On that date, Sahib escaped and went back to Shoa. The people of Shoa
welcomed him and once again crowned him their king.
In time, a new emperor, John IV, came to the throne of Ethiopia. Like Tewodros, John IV also tried to
conquer Shoa. John IV succeeded, but he was still afraid of the powerful Sahaba. So, John IV made an
agreement with Sahaba. If he should die first, Sahaba would then be permitted to rule Ethiopia. John IV also
had one of his sons marry Sahaba??Ts daughter.
When John IV was killed in battle in 1889, Sahaba rose to the throne of the Ethiopian kingdom. The
new Emperor gave himself the new name Menelik II. He wanted to remind people that he was descended
from Menelik I, the son of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba.
Menelik II was a very modern king for his ancient country. He brought many things to Ethiopia
from the outside world. He welcomed many European people, such as missionaries and traders into his
kingdom. However, he made it a point to preserve the African traditions
The European country that was most interested in Ethiopia was Italy. Menelik II had signed a treaty with
Italy, when he came to the throne. He had worked hard to build a strong and modern Ethiopian army. When
Italy broke the treaty and invaded Ethiopia in 1895, Menelik II??Ts army drove the Italians back. Menelik and
his troops finally defeated the Italians at the Battle of Adawa in 1896.
Menelik then turned his attention to adding more land to his kingdom. He conquered lands to the south,
east, and west. During his reign, Menelik II ruled over what are now parts of Somalia, Kenya, and the Sudan,
In all the lands that he ruled, Menelik II built schools, hospitals, factories, and railroads.
Menelik II showed that it was possible to bring modern ideas into a very ancient world. Though Menelik
had very little schooling, he brought modern education to his people. He took the best that Europe had to
offer and used it to develop his country. But, he kept Ethiopia free of European rule. Menelik IT was truly one
of the most enlightened rulers in the history of modern Africa.
J
ETOME 4 BARBER &
STYLING SHOP
1222 Grimesland, NC 27834
Thursday & Friday 9 - 6
Saturday 8-6
Serving You Since 1983
919 - 754-2722
Black History Month
Akhenaton
Ri ruled from about 1379 B.C. to 1362 B.C.
At the end of the 19th century, Menelik II was the Emperor of Ethiopia. This wasa
particularly difficult period for Africa. At the time, almost all the countries of Africa were under the rule of |
nitinivniin
& In about the year 1393 B.C., a son was born to the Pharaoh Amenhetop III and
Queen Tiy. They named him Amenhetop. Prince Amenhetop was later to become better known as
Akhenaton. Akhenaton changed the course of Egyptian history. He made his mark by reforming Egypt's
religious laws.
For thousands of years, the people of Egypt had believed in many gods. Most of their gods??T names stood
for things in nature. Nut, for example, was the goddess of the sky. Thoth was the moon god. Amon-Ra, or
Amen, was the sun god.
Akhenaton began his rule in 1379 B.C. At first, he shared the throne with his father, and called himself
Amenhetop IV, Both Amenhetop III and his son were named after the god Amen, the sun god. But the
younger pharaoh believed there was only one god, who he named Aton. Aton was greater than the sun. He
was the god of the whole universe.
After his father died, Amenhetop IV made the religion of Aton the official religion of Egypt. He also
built a new capital city and filled it with temples to honor Aton. And, at this time, he changed his own name
to Akhenaton. ;
The new pharaoh made it illegal to have a name that honored any other god. Temples and statutes to all
other gods were removed and destroyed. His father??Ts name was also removed from statues because it
honored another god.
In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh was thought to be a god. So Akhenaton??Ts actions angered the people of the
kingdom. The priests of the old gods were especially angry. So were many of the common people, such as
the farmers who prayed to the Nile River every spring.
Akhenaton??Ts religion was the center of his life. Every morning at sunrise, as a choir sang hymns, he and
his family arose to watch the day begin. When the sun was at its highest point, there was a second ceremony,
and still another ceremony at sunset. Akhenaton even wrote some of the dazzling hymns that were sung at
these ceremonies.
Another important part of Akhenaton??Ts life was his family. Akhenaton loved his beautiful wife, Queen
Nefertiti, and their six daughters very much. Though the pharaohs of Egypt had seldom mixed with ordinary
people before, he often appeared with his family in public. Many priests, nobles, and even common people
did not approve of Akhenaton??Ts new ways.
Unfortunately, Akhenaton was so involved in his new projects that he did not pay enough attention to
ruling. During his reign, Egypt lost much of its land to other nations. And his beliefs divided the people of
his kingdom.
By the time Akhenaton died at the age of 31, most Egyptians had turned against him. Still, Akhenaton
changed history. He challenged the power of the priests who had controlled Egypt's religion for thousands of
years. He gave his people a new way to view the world. He showed the Egyptians the human side of the
pharaoh. Akhenaton, armed with courage and driven by strong beliefs, showed that being a human pharaoh
did not mean being weak.
Firestone
ABNIDGESTONE
PUGHS
TIRE & SERVICE CENTER, INC.
DOWNTOWN
SAMMY PUGH
Vice-President
* TIRES & ACCESSORIES
* CUSTOM WHEELS
* COMPLETE AUTOMOTIVE C
Corner 5th & Greene St.
Greenville, NC 27834
919-752-6125
_ 8=THE 'M" VOICE - = WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 12 - FEBRUARY 22, 1997
Support the Black Press Read Wine °°??? Voic e
icon-American
istory Month
THE CROSSROADS
MDA ??" where help and hope meet.
WIDFA Muscular Dystrophy Association
1-800-572-1717
NOTICE OF
NONDISCRIMINATION
: ville Housing Authority complies with all federal a
11, laws. The Authority does not knowingly
with regard to race, color, creed,
tional origin, handicap or familial
piiance with 504 Program is observed.
- is available for the deaf.
Vie EQUAL HO
-4009 USI
OPPORTUN!
ram
Elijah J. McCoy (4843-1929)
Mechanical engineer and inventor of self lubricating machine
KIDS ACADEMY
Salutes Black History Month
Benjamin Banncker (1731-1806)
Was a surveyor on the six man team which helped
design ( the blueprints for Washington, D.C.
Shelby J. Davidson (1869-1931)
Inve Pnte d the adding machine
Drew (1904-1950)
yng term preservation
Dr. Charles Ric hard
Develope d a tet hni
BONDING CO.
??oIn Jail
We Bail???
of blood plasma
Hlumpfrey H. Reynolds
; . | in. |
Patented an improved window ventilator for railroad cars
1798 N.
Greene St.
Woods (1856-1910)
Granville |
| d telephone transmitter
tfatented au imp
7 7 4 42 4 Sarah E. Goode
5 = Patented a folding cabinet bed
Toll Free i
= 0) Lewis Lf. Latimer (1848 - 1928)
1 -800- f 68-11 30 Patented the first cost-ellicient method for pro-
ducing carbon filaments for electric lights
Staff,
Miss Cogdell, Mamie Edge, Miss Tyson,
Miss Elbert, Miss Clark, Doris Edward,
Miss Harper.
It's not just African-American History.
Its American History.
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1001 Red Banks Road
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2400 Stantonsburg Road
752-6609
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Use our convenient lay-a-way plan.
Shop the Budget-priced store and save BIG !!!
That??Ts the Shoe Outlet, located on the corner of
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a
WOOW AM
WTOW AM
The
66 M 9
Newspaper Coming Soon
Presents the 4 th Call Today
Annual
MINORITY
BUSINESS EXPO
Friday, February 28 « Saturday, March Ist
Sunday, March 2nd, 1997
Starting Daily at 94M
at the NATIONAL GUARD ARMORY Hwy. 11
Greenville, NC
Booths Available
Vendors are welcome to display their business.
¢ Live Entertainment
¢ Voter Registration
¢ Health and Education, Sviolio lt
Economic Development
Application for Vendors MT
& Businesses
Address,
on all vendors
City or Town ADMISSION
State & Zip. FREE
WOOW & WTOW & General Public
The M Voice NEwspaper Invited
919-757-0365 or 754-6418
Fax 919-757-1793
x
: ] 1308 JOHN SMALL AVE. WASHINGTON CORNER SHOPPING CENTER |r
ey oe es oe oe ey ef ee ere ae eo (ely ge iggy (c)
ome RAe PT Re ertg nana meh gen ig
THE :'M" VOICE
oie, Barber Sh of
The Professionals
\g FULL LINE OF HAIR CARE |
PRODUCTS AVAILABLE _
Carl Harris, Owner
Specializing in all cuts & styles
Afro Cuts ¢ Shags ¢ Brush Cuts
Box Cuts ¢ Fade-Aways
¢ Relaxer
919 - 757-3412
14th & Myrtle Ave.
Greenville, N.C. 27834
a ta
%, ve ys . m.
areas
9 Mon. Thurs.
a 8:30 am - 6:00 pm
Fri. & Sat.
8: 00 am - 6: :00 pm
Carl Harris * Rodney Harris * Tarry Barnes
Irvin Beara ° 2 Joyner * Rod Moore
ADVERTISEMENT FOR BIDS
Sealed proposals will be received until 3:00 PM on Thursday, March 13, 1997 in the
second floor meeting room, Pitt County Administrative Offices, 1717 W. Fifth Street,
Greenville, NC, 27834 for the construction of:
Addition to Pitt County Courthouse
Pitt County
Greenville, North Carolina
at which time and place bids will be opened and read for Multi-Prime (General,
Mechanical, Plumbing, and Electrical) work.
A Pre-Bid Conference will be held Tuesday, March 4, 1997, 11:00 AM in Courtroom #4
(Courthouse Annex - 4th Floor), Pitt County Courthouse. All contractors are encouraged
to attend.
Complete plans and specifications for this project can be obtained from The East Group,
PA, 324 So. Evans St., Greenville, NC, 27834 (919-758-3746) during normal office hours
after Monday, February 17, 1997. They will be open for inspection in the Greenville, NC
office of The East Group and in the local NC offices of the following: AGC - Carolinas
Branch in Raleigh and McGee Reprographics in Greenville; F.W. Dodge Corporation in
Raleigh; CMD - Carolinas Branch in Raleigh; and, EC Planning Rooms in Kinston &
Graphic Source in Greenville.
Pitt County has established a minimum goal of 10% participation by minority contractors
for this construction contract.
Plan Deposit: $150
The state reserves the unqualified right to reject any and all proposals.
Signed: Mark W. Owens Jr.
Chairman
Pitt County
Board of Commissioners
1717 W. Fifth Street
Greenville, NC 278334
SALUTE TO BLACK HISTORY MONTH
Do You Have a Dream
of an America Without
Drug Abuse? ??"
We must
not allow...
any force
fo make
us feel
ike we
don't coun.
Maintain a
sense Of
dignity and
respect...
rea n
abuse.
Live The Dream
For free copies of
the ??oLive the Dream
??" Say No to Alcohol
and Drug Aluse???
poster...
Live the the
gay no to alcohol and crug
Display in your
..call the National Clearinghouse
elmalelieleclicm enc miilceaiiren
schools,
churches,
stores,
libraries,
hospitals,
and workplaces!
ss Cobbrale'ss
Black History
CHUCK AUTRY??TS Body Shop
1900 Dickinson Ave.
Greenville
hae
esi
2 es
as a ae
_ Making A Difference!
Today, Gloria
Summers is a
vibrant,
outgoing,
attractive and
hardworking,
non-tradi-
tional student
at Pitt Com-
munity
College.
But Gloria
wasn??Tt always
in charge of
her life or was
she meeting
each day with
a smile. There was a time when addiction to
alcohol, crack and cocaine brought her to
bottomless darkness. Living in New York at the
time, she lost her job, her self-respect, and she
Gloria Summers
. name
: : ahil; 1 : . aw sIna ar ale sway 5) Direct Action Programs to end discrimination; to build
almost lost her children. An attempt at rehabili- Worthington have helped her along the way. eee Fe ee ae
tation through a detox center failed. Then eight 6) The organization of poor workers to win Union rights address
: 5 : : HW Rights at home and World Wide ??T
years ago after her husband died at the age of She is proud to say she no longer receives TS ESN
. . 1 . . ??o a i 8) Youth and Campus Activities _.
38, she moved back to North Carolina where public housing and that her goal is to be off 9) Women??Ts Organizational Movement for Equality Now??" city st 2p
Slit has always been interested in protective °
services as she had once lived close to those
youth offenders, felons, and drug addicts that
she now wishes to counsel and help. Ready to
graduate from the Criminal Justice: Protective
Services Technology curriculum in Fall 1996,
Gloria is serving her internship at the Eastern
Correctional Facility in Maury.
Not having the funds to go to school and
support her children adequately, Gloria turned to
a dedicated Greene County social worker for
help and was found eligible for several pro-
grams. JOBS paid for her transportation, JTPA
for books and tuition, and Pell Grant for subsis-
tence and Social Services for Child Care, while
she pursued her education.
Gloria cites the positive support of several PCC
individuals in having made the difference in her
educational life. Bob Everett, Yvonne George,
Shelley Staton, Lora Clark and Darlene Smith-
AFRICAN - Al
Join SCIC now
??oThe Struggle is NOT Over???
Southern Christian'Leadership Conference
334 AUBURN AVE: N.E./P.0, BOX 89128
ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30312
Pitt County Chapter
621 Albermarle Ave.
919-758-6733
Founding President
Martin Luther King, Jr
Your membership will enable SCIC to promote:
Redeeming the Soul of America???
1) Voter Registration and Political Education
2) Citizenship Clinics and Workshops on Non-Violence
3) Housing and Community Development??"Cooperative
Business Projects
4) Operation Breadbasket??"Creation of Job Opportunities in
Private Industry
a arta Aaa nea EERE yO aba ??ory
AN HISTORY
¢ 758-1785
President
Joseph E Lowery
Application
Please return completed application along with your payment
in envelope
sclc/WOMEN
10) Martin Luther King Speaks??T radio program
11) Christian Principles
she was born, with her four children now ages:
20, 18, 16, and 6.
welfare by January 1997. She is thrilled to have
learned to drive a car just last year. But most of
all (and her face glows as she speaks), she is
terribly proud that her 18 year-old son, Faheem
Blount is also enrolled in the Corrections
Program. With a good education, Gloria firmly
believes that the future will provide many open
doors of opportunity for her and her children.
telephone no. date purchased
Receipt (please retain this for your records) Type of Membership: (check one)
Being tired of her life and influenced by her
children??Ts support, Gloria asked her God to
deliver her from crack and alcohol addiction.
She joined the Living Hope Ministries in
Farmville where Pastors Calvin and Judy
Ellison showed her the way to hope and faith.
Through a family therapy program at Pitt
County Mental Health Center, the family was
brought closer together. In 1994 when Gloria, a
single parent, turned 40, she chose to learn a
profession at PCC, because she couldn't main-
tain her household on the teacher??Ts assistant
salary she was receiving by working at Chicod
and Ayden Elementary schools.
Koveystietaumen
|
'
|
|
[
{
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
l
OQ 200 YOUTH HANDICAPPED
O 500 AT LARGE
fC 1000 ACTIVE
| © 2500 SUSTAINING
50 00 SILVER
100 00 GOLD
500 OO MLK LIFE
OC 1,000 INSTITUTIONAL
amount paid date
Terry Shank
Diversity Awareness Director
Student Support Services
DIVERSITY
pe ae ee
UTES
bs
ee
In the market for a single or
double wide trailer?
Brother James Johnson, Sales
Consultant for Ted Parker
Homes located at 1105
Greenville Blvd., across from
Lowes!!! or better yet you can
give them a call at 321-1553
and brother James Johnson is
ready and able to put you in a
home today!!!
??oMitchell Cannavino
General Manager
919-321-1553
Fax 919-321-1335
1105Greenville Blvd. ¢ Greenville, NC 27836
rose
a8 Wilber Castside Motors
Greenville, ne oies4 Gese Greenville Motel)
HANNIBAL - (247-183 B.C. |
4 ye
|
WITd
! de oc Tae CLEE WILDER
THE GREAT KINGS & QUEENS OF AFRICA PORTRAITS Nmap
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This remarkable program features a series of
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t gifted H can-American artist - honoring the ' ??T 29 Budweiser??Ts Great Kings Queens ot Africa reprints.
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