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North Carolina Libraries

Plummer Alston oAl� Jones, Jr., Editor

hy should | join the North Carolina Library Association?
What's in it for me?
These are frequently asked and perennially valid questions. As Past
President of NCLA, | have spent countless hours thinking about them. In late
October 2002, | was fortunate to be able to attend and participate in a panel
discussion on oPortraying Yourself Online: A Discussion of Teaching Styles in Online
Courses,� with my East Carolina University colleagues from the School of Education,
Diane Kester, Susan Colaric, and Sue Steinweg. Our panel was one of
many learning experiences featured at the E-Learn 2002 World
Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare,
and Higher Education held in Montreal, October 15-19, 2002, by the

A Community Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.

| was excited about this opportunity but ambivalent about what

of Practice an academic- librarian-turned-online-library-educator could contrib-

84 " Winter 2002

ute to the international higher education community. | was pleasantly
surprised to find other librarians from the United States participating
in this conference and to get to know colleagues in the distance
instruction and education community from Appalachian State Univer-
sity. Imagine making friends with fellow Tar Heels right there in
cosmopolitan Montreal! We all agreed that North Carolina is defi-
nitely in the vanguard of what is happening in the exciting commu- |
nity of cyberlearning. )
On the Friday morning (October 18) before our afternoon presentation, | attended |
the keynote address oE-Learning and the Journey of the Self,� given by e-learning con-
sultant, Etienne Wenger. The concept that was woven throughout his entertaining
presentation was that true learning takes place only in a community of practice " people
who are dedicated to solving common problems, developing better products or services,
and sharing results with other communities of practice, thus enhancing the body of
knowledge that can be tapped by the global community.
While Wenger demonstrated his concept with examples of engineers working
together to design more efficient windshield wipers, healthcare workers addressing the
HIV-AIDS crisis, and Central American mayors banding together to learn from each other
better ways to administer community services, | knew that there were local, state,
regional, national, and even international communities of practice. | realized also that
NCLA is a community of practice " North Carolina librarians, paraprofessionals, teachers,
learners, library advocates, and friends dedicated to solving problems too great for the
individual to handle.
NCLA is an organization where lovers of libraries can find kindred spirits who are also
genuinely concerned about the provision of information services and resources to meet
needs and desires of a wide array of communities, becoming better at what we love to
do, discussing, debating, and eventually solving problems that have for too long chal-
lenged our communities of service. Participation in a community of practice is part and
parcel of being a professional. ThatTs why you should join the North Carolina Library
Association!

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

From the President

Ross Holt, President

would like to call your attention to an editorial by John Berry Ill entitled, oServe and Starve? Not
Now,� in the November 1, 2002, issue of Library Journal. It made me think of a line from King Lear,
oTo plainness honorTs bound when majesty falls to folly.�
In a pleasingly direct manner, Berry takes American Libraries editor Leonard Kniffel to task for an
editorial that appeared in the October 2 issue of that magazine. Kniffel suggested that now, in a
bad economy, is not the appropriate time for librarians to address the issue of low salaries, and instead to
pursue some nebulous goal of making oour constituents aware of what we do and how we serve their
intellectual best-interests� until oprosperity hits.�

Berry, however, points out that othe well-paid editor of the official organ of the American Library
Association� is undermining the main goal of ALA President Mitch Freedman, an initiative to address low
salaries for librarians and other library workers. He also hits other leaders (or perhaps, thinkers) in the
profession who ohave never seen a rank-and-file library workersT salary increase that they liked� and

chides them for a oserve and starve mentality� that ohas kept library salaries depressed
for our entire history.�
While | really donTt have a dog in the two editorsT fight, BerryTs article was
particularly provocative for me. For one thing, it made me remember my sojourn to
Th row M e the Snowbird Leadership Institute, something | generally try not to do. Specifically, it
made me recall the moment when | decided ITd rather be anywhere else, which | think
the M on ey | occurred on about the second day of the week-long event (although it actually may
have happened earlier, perhaps when | heard someone talk about ojournaling,� which,
apparently, means keeping a journal).
It was one of those activities in which you vote with red dot stickers. The coun-
selors had asked us campers to identify Serious Issues facing libraries, so the butcher
paper taped to the wall was covered with things like intellectual freedom, intellectual property, funding,
information haves vs. have-nots, and a host of other equally Serious Issues.

Once we had appropriately brainstormed, the counselors gave us something like five red dots apiece
and asked us to pick that number of Issues that were the very most Serious of all the Serious Issues. The
campers, mostly front-line librarians, chose funding by a wide margin.

That didnTt suit a couple of the counselors, who urged us to choose a less prosaic issue. oLibrary
funding has actually increased� over such and such a period, said one, as another chimed in, oYeah, you
canTt solve a problem by throwing money at it.�

So, thought |, | had flown three quarters of the way across the country on a rickety, over-age airliner
with overhead compartments that slanted upward so that when you opened them at the end of the flight
things fell on your head, and landed in ... the Reagan era? Then | thought, well, throw enough money at
me and I'll take some of those other issues off the board for you.

There was such a sense of fatalism among some of the Snowbird elite, in fact, that anytime we
discussed funding of libraries the conversation was channeled toward the idea of opartnering� with cor-
porate America because the day of increased public funding was past. So much for libraries as a public
good.

Fortunately, since the year of my visit to 95,000 feet, the Randolph County Board of Commissioners,
the LSCA, the LSTA and the Rural Internet Access Authority have thrown just enough money at the
Randolph County Public Library that we are fully automated and provide free public Internet access to
anyone who walks through the door. Now the thousands of Latino immigrant workers weTre welcoming
to our community, not to mention longer-term residents in our large and relatively rural county, are not
information ohave-nots,� and are no more than 15 miles or a 20-minute drive from a high-bandwidth
Internet connection "not to mention other services like storytimes, newspapers, and just plain books.

Similarly, no one thought that the Aid to Public Libraries fund could avoid a legislative budget cut
of at least eight percent in the recent session of the General Assembly. Nonetheless, the North Caro-
lina Library Association and the North Carolina Public Library Directors Association undertook an
unprecedented lobbying effort to forestall the cut " and succeeded. The state aid fund was one of
the few areas of the budget outside of public schools that was not cut.

Maybe those who say onow is not the time� just arenTt trying hard enough.

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60 Winter 2002 " 89

86 " Winter 2002

Library Cooperation and the
Development of the North Carolina
Information Network (NCIN):

From the Great Depression Years to 1992

by Diane D. Kester and Plummer Alston Jones, Jr.

he history of the development of library networks, computerization of
library processes, and the uses of technology in libraries in North Carolina
needs more attention.! The acceptance of computerization and technology
has been widespread, although many libraries feared that they would be left
behind by the technological revolution. To the contrary, not only have North
Carolina libraries and librarians worked cooperatively to keep up with techno-
logical advances throughout the various decades of the twentieth century
since the Great Depression, but also they have been in the vanguard, often on
the cutting edge, of the application of technology to librarianship. North
Carolina librarians nearing retirement today arguably have seen greater changes
in their profession and institutions than in any other time during the last five
hundred years. Perhaps it is time to begin telling the story of this great transfor-
mation.

Early Library Cooperation

The earliest evidence of library cooperation in North Carolina is the cooperative
effort of the academic libraries of the University of North Carolina and Duke
University in the 1930s, with each institution accepting responsibility for
acquisitions and collection development in specific subject areas. Evidence of
public library cooperation occurred in 1941 when state aid was made available.
In 1957, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill established the Interli-
brary Service Center.

In 1964, as a result of the appointment of Governor Terry SanfordTs Com-
mission on Library Resources, a study of the libraries of North Carolina was
undertaken. This Commission was charged oto make a comprehensive survey of
all types of library resources in the state ... [and] to measure these resources
against present and future needs, and come up with recommendations which
can point out ways for all citizens and agencies to take steps toward meeting
the stateTs growing and changing library needs.��

The resulting survey revealed the inadequacies of the stateTs libraries in
terms of space, holdings, and librarians. Future demands for library services
were seen as even greater. Recommendations of the survey were organized into
ten distinct areas of library concerns: the State Library of North Carolina, the
North Carolina Department of Archives and History, public libraries, university
libraries, senior college libraries, junior college libraries, technical institutes and
industrial education centers, school libraries, special libraries, and library
education. Opportunities for expansion of library cooperation ran throughout

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

these recommendations, including the need for a more complete union
catalog of holdings of North Carolina state agencies and public libraries;
expansion of the State Processing Center at the State Library of North Caro-
lina oto make its services available not only to public libraries, but to public
schools, junior and community colleges, technical institutes, and industrial
education centers�; extension of the well-established cooperative program in
the Research Triangle and exploration of new areas of mutual interest; a
cooperative program of centralized purchasing, cataloging, and processing
for the junior college libraries; and encouragement to special libraries to
cooperate with other types of scholarly and research libraries in the state.
The need for staffing at school, administrative, and state levels was the
emphasis for school library recommendations.? In this same report, the
Commission on Library Resources criticized the interlibrary loan program of
the State Library by noting that the rules placed orestrictions on loans to
high school, college, and correspondence or extension students and required
identification of the borrower as a person with a ~seriousT purpose.�*

Detailed descriptions of the types of libraries in North Carolina were
made by the Commission, including extensive data on budgets, holdings,
staffing, and facilities. The advantages of a central processing center were
detailed. Of the public school systems, only Greensboro had centralized all
acquisitions, cataloging, and preparation of materials.* Consequently, the
Commission recommended the oestablishment of system-wide, perhaps
better, regional processing centers to provide economically full technical
processing services to all school administrative units.�°

In the chapter of the CommissionTs report on library cooperation, Jerrold
Orne, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, alluded to the fact that
North Carolina had been for several decades the pioneering leader among
Southeastern states in this important area. oIt takes no great stretch of
imagination to visualize a national complex of libraries, each with inten-
sively worked specialties, and each serving others for those fields and receiv-
ing in return similar services for others. The major lack is a central coordi-
nating force capable of organizing the parts into a cohesive whole.��

A conference on Interlibrary Cooperation in June 1967 was one of the
first activities funded by the State Library under Title III of the Libraries
Services and Construction Act (LSCA). This federal legislation provided
grants for public library construction and multitype library cooperation. The
conference brought together from different types of libraries in the state,
olibrarians who sought to identify their research, service, and communica-
tion needs and to establish needs jointly� and to consider needed changes in
statewide interlibrary loan policies and procedures. There were three recom-
mendations from the Title II] Advisory Committee: (1) reevaluation and
expansion of the North Carolina Union Catalog by adding holdings of
community colleges and technical institutes and other libraries when their
collections had special emphases; (2) exploration of additional interlibrary
loan services to include dissertations, theses, and fiction; and (3) establish-
ment of a systematic public relations program.®

In 1968, the State Board of Higher Education conducted a study of
higher education programs, including a review of the libraries of the stateTs
colleges and universities. One recommendation forthcoming from the report
was that oa study be initiated as soon as possible to determine the feasibility
of a central research library facility to serve the entire state.�° By this time,
the State Library had assumed leadership in the development of a coordi-
nated system of library service for the entire state. Funded by grants and
LSCA Title III funds, the study was conducted by nationally recognized
librarians, who concluded that othe time was ripe for the extension of the
interlibrary services to all users throughout the state through the establish-
ment of the North Carolina Libraries Services Network.�!°

Winter 2002 " 87

88 " Winter 2002

There was ample evidence throughout the state of enthusiastic sup-
port of such a system by librarians. Interlibrary cooperation in North
Carolina at that time included seven major projects: (1) the central
processing center for colleges and technical institutes in the North Caro-
lina Community College System; (2) the North Carolina Public Libraries
Film Project and the processing of purchases for approximately 70 public
libraries by the State Library of North Carolina; (3) formation of regional
groupings of academic and public libraries to provide needed services; (4)
manufacture of catalog cards on a contract basis for a number of major
libraries by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; (S) publica-
tion of the North Carolina Union Checklist of Scientific Serials and the
formation of the Medical Library Extension Service, the latter linking the
four major medical libraries in North Carolina and other libraries through
the State Library in a service network to supply practicing physicians with
reference material upon request; (6) cooperative reclassification of hold-
ings to Library of Congress classification; and (7) sharing of facilities and
equipment.!!

The North Carolina Libraries Services Network came into being on
August 13, 1970, when the State Library Board approved the concept of
the network and announced its expansion as first priority for the 1971-73
biennium.!2 The network was to link all the significant information
resources and services in the state to improve service to the citizens of
North Carolina. The usefulness of the increased access to knowledge
would be not only to faculty and students at educational institutions, but
also to those involved in developing the stateTs economy, and to others
with specific individual or community concerns.!%

Although both the State Board of Education and the State Board of
Higher Education participated in discussion, they took no legislative
action to support the network. Consequently the feasibility study group
recommended that the General Assembly recognize and support (emphasis
added) the North Carolina Libraries Services Network with the leadership
of the State Library advised by a Network Advisory Committee.'*

Few printed reference to activities of multitype library cooperation in
North Carolina appear from 1971 until 1977. That year the General
Assembly designated responsibility to the North Carolina Department of
Cultural Resources (DCR) for coordinating cooperative programs among
various types of libraries within the state and for coordinating state
development with regional and national cooperative library programs. In
response to the legislative mandate, the State LibraryTs Ad Hoc Committee
on Multitype Library Cooperation Committee was founded. David N.
McKay, then State Librarian, formulated the following mission statement
for the committee: oTo provide the citizens of North Carolina with access
to the stateTs total library and information resources within a cooperative
framework which will support resource sharing and other cooperative
programs among all types of libraries, thus improving library service
generally.�!5 Goals and objectives were established to build upon the
current cooperation among the libraries of the state, to use developing
technologies to link the libraries, and to enlist support of public officials
and library users.!°

The Networking Committee of the North Carolina Library Association
and the Ad Hoc Committee on Multitype Library Cooperation compiled a
status report of cooperative library activities in the 1970s. In 1981, this
report was published as a Multitype Library Cooperation Working Paper
No. 1, oAccess to Information for North Carolinians.� Statistics on college
and university, community and junior college, public, school, and special
libraries were compiled.

The committee recognized that the school libraries (2,035 at that

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

time) held a large audiovisual collection; however, the number of total
materials was insufficient oto meet the needs of student and teachers in all
areas of the curriculum� and to allow osystematic resource sharing except
among schools with a system.� Also, the lack of telephones in many of
the school library media centers seemed to indicate a lack of understand-
ing on the part of the educational community with regard to even simple
sharing of resources, such as computer time-sharing or using computers as
a link to the local public library. This was not questioned at the time since
school libraries were not members of the North Carolina Union Catalog
and children were excluded from the North Carolina Interlibrary Loan
Code.�

The committee also analyzed current cooperative library use in interli-
brary loan statistics. This revealed the strength of libraries in the Pied-
mont area, but pointed out that the ogrowth of library and information
resources in the Mountain and Coastal regions has not kept pace with the
rate of population and industrial growth in these areas.� !8

At the time of the publication of this working paper, forty-eight local
and statewide projects for resource sharing were identified, notably the
North Carolina Union Catalog and the Interlibrary Services Network/In-
WATS (established in 1930), and the Triangle Research Libraries Network
(TRLN) (established in 1979). The report concluded with a list of the
major considerations that would have to be resolved in the development
of a North Carolina Library Network:

" the need to convince librarians, users, and funding sources of the
benefits of library cooperation and networking to general library
service;

" the importance of creating individual machine-readable databases
which would be compatible with accepted standards used by OCLC
and other major bibliographic utilities so that the files could be
combined either in a statewide catalog on microfiche (COM) or
online catalog to replace eventually the North Carolina Union
Catalog;

" encouragement of institutional responsibility for retrospective
conversion projects, and the exploration of alternative supplemental
funding sources for retrospective conversion of library holdings
records;

" adequate maintenance of the North Carolina Union Catalog until
such time as a statewide online or COM catalog was feasible;

- desirability of increased individual and cluster members in SOLINET/
OCES

" creation of a North Carolina Union List of Serials through the OCLC
subsystem, financed cooperatively by participating institutions and
LSCA, if feasible, and coordinated through State Library and the Ad
Hoc Multitype Library Cooperation Committee;

- establishment of a technical committee to work toward coordination
of automation activities, to serve as a clearing house for technical
information, to develop plans for technical management of auto-
mated statewide database, and to monitor developments in the State
Telecommunications Network;

" creation of a directory of automation projects and expertise in North
Carolina for the purpose of sharing this expertise with libraries
planning automation projects;

" future enhancement of areawide and multicounty resource sharing
through a hierarchical system which would encourage sharing
among neighboring libraries, including sharing of computer facili-
ties, and which would include designation of area resource libraries
with responsibility for coordination of multitype library resource

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60 Winter 2002 " 89

sharing in their respective areas; and

~ improved statewide access to audiovisual materials with consider-
ation given to the contribution of expertise and resources which
school libraries would be able to provide in coordinating sharing of
these materials.!?

In 1979 the Ad Hoc Committee on Multitype Library Cooperation
merged with the NCLA Networking Committee to form the North Caro-
lina Library Network Steering Committee. In 1981, the Technical Subcom-
mittee was formed. Upon the recommendation of the newly organized
committee, an outside firm, King Research, Inc., was contracted to study
the feasibility of establishing a statewide library network in North Caro-
lina. The contract also requested an investigation of governance, func-
tions, and probable costs of hardware, software, and operations. Three
purposes were stated as follows: (1) to assist the library community in
arriving at a consensus on the functions, priorities, and structure of a
statewide network; (2) to identify the potential benefits of a statewide
library network as a basis for making recommendations to the Governor
and to the General Assembly; and (3) to propose a realistic incremental
plan of action, identifying steps to be taken prior to actual network struc-
ture and design.�°

The King Research team initially identified tasks for study,
including assessment of needs, evaluation of current services
form SOLINET/OCLC, evaluation of technical requirements, and

ZOCs could be formed by the development of feasible approaches. The team also presented

a comparison of benefits and costs and recommendations for

libraries sharin ga common appropriate implementation steps.�!
geograp hic bounda ry, Public hearings were held across the state, in Charlotte,
/

Asheville, Greensboro, and Greenville. Invitations were ex-

types of pa tr ons, tended to librarians, patrons, friends and trustees, and local
or special relationships

government officials to attend one of the public hearings held in
February 1982. The final report of the King Research team,

among libraries or librarians. distributed in August 1982, included identification of current

90 " Winter 2002

use of technology in the libraries in North Carolina and across
the nation, causes of network failures, possible functions of a
state network, and alternatives for library networking in the
state. Throughout the report, local cooperative efforts were encouraged.
Such local groups of libraries were designed as oZOCs,� or zones of conve-
nience (later cooperation). ZOCs could be formed by libraries sharing a
common geographic boundary, types of patrons, or special relationships
among libraries or librarians.

The final report from King Research, Inc., included the following
fourteen recommendations:

1. Networking activities should be directed towards, but not limited to,
the continued building of a machine-readable bibliographic data
base of statewide holdings.

2. The bibliographic database should be developed through the OCLC
network either directly or indirectly.

3. The continued use of SOLINET (Southeastern Library Network) for
the services it brokers for OCLC, with SOLINET activities and Board
decisions being monitored carefully, or, if the situation should arise
that SOLINET was unable to provide its traditional services, libraries
in North Carolina should create their own network organization to
act as intermediary between individual and groups of libraries and
OGLE:

4. The primary OCLC services to be used should be cataloging and
interlibrary loan, with those libraries currently using the services, or

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

o"

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

in the process of acquiring terminals, should continue to do so in
the same way they were then operating, that is, on an individual
basis, or through processing centers, or as consortia, and libraries
not currently using OCLC should determine their mode of interac-
tion according to the break-even points derived from cost analyses.

5. In addition to the cataloging of monographs, the OCLC system
should be used to catalog serials and audiovisual materials, with
union lists of serials to be produced using OCLC.

6. Directories of other statewide library resources (special collections,
directories of expertise, etc.) should be produced centrally and
updated on an annual basis, with data being collected using ques-
tionnaires (sent by mail).

7. Circulation records keeping was a function that should be organized
at the local level using the circulation control module of an inte-
grated library automation system, with each library or group of
libraries (ZOC) eventually having an ILAS (integrated library auto-
mation system) to support an online public access catalog for
members of the ZOC.

8. Acquisitions should be handled at the local level wherever possible
through the establishment of ZOCs, using the acquisitions module
of an ILAS to facilitate clerical procedures.

9. The placement of requests for interlibrary loan should be sequenced
as follows: (a) a library should search its own ZOC online catalog;
and, (b) if no catalog exists, or if the item was not located, the
library should use the OCLC interlibrary loan subsystem.

10. A regionally organized statewide courier service, to cover a single
ZOC or several, should be set up, with points of contact which
would enable materials to pass across regional boundaries.

11. An individual within the State Library should be designated as the
contact person to act as liaison between SOLINET, OCLC and other
bibliographic utilities, and libraries within the state.

12. A pre-implementation period should be devoted to the promotion of
networking activities in the state. This could be directed at all types
of libraries or their staffs and should reassure both libraries and
patrons about the effects of networking on their library environ-
ments and should gather their feedback and suggestions.

13. The Consultant for Multitype Library Cooperation or Assistant
should be designated responsibility for providing advice to librarians
throughout the state on the application of the cost models derived
in this report, and on the interpretation of ensuing results.

14. A pilot project with approximately eight libraries should form a
ZOC, design and implement the most appropriate system, and
produce a set of guidelines for setting up ZOCs.22

King Research provided instruction on how pilot ZOCs could prepare a
request for proposal. Online catalog services and circulation control were
identified as high priority functions. Other functions that were suggested
in a ZOC project were acquisitions, serials control, and management
reports. Detailed cost analysis comparing manual and automated functions
were provided.

In October 1982, the North Carolina Library Networking Steering
Committee held its first meeting. Bylaws were adopted which included the
composition of the steering committee from all types of libraries and
library organizations. An organizational structure was approved. Seven
task forces on various aspects of a statewide library network were estab-
lished and charges were issued. The following mission statement was
developed: to improve library and information service to the citizens of

Winter 2002 " 91]

92 " Winter 2002

North Carolina by developing a comprehensive plan for multitype library
cooperation. This plan, building upon the work of the State Library Ad
Hoc Committee for Multitype Library Cooperation, the NCLA Networking
Committee, and the King Research Study, would address not only the
resources, services, products, and function of a statewide network, but
would also address decision-making, management, and funding. The goal
was to design a step-by-step blueprint for network development would
include, but would not be limited to, building the statewide database,
encouraging zones of cooperation (ZOCs), employing appropriate technol-
ogy, improving document delivery, addressing continuing education
needs, estimating funding requirements, and developing a public educa-
tion program.�?

The seven task forces were Bibliographic Database, Document Delivery,
Funding, Public Information, Library Education, Technology, and ZOCs.
Each task force was given its charge, beginning with a response to recom-
mendations of the King Research Report. The Steering Committee was
given responsibility to evaluate findings and recommendations of the task
forces, to establish priorities for action and a timeframe for implementa-
tion, and to make network policy recommendations for approval by the
State Library Commission.

Task Force on Bibliographic Database

The first meeting of the Task Force on Bibliographic Database was on
November 30, 1982, under the chairmanship of Carol B. Myers, Public
Library of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County. In preparation for working
on the state bibliographic database, this task force reviewed the o1980
Annual Report of Department of Cultural Resources, Division of the State
Library, Information Services Section.� Circulation figures, including In-
WATS/Interlibrary Loan, were examined, and the oNorth Carolina Union
Catalog Policy Statement, January 1981� was reviewed.

The aim of the North Carolina Union Catalog was to be a complete
record of the bibliographic resources of the libraries of the state. The
catalog was housed at the State Library and microfilm editions were
available to academic and public libraries. Directions to contributors
included the directive that ochildrenTs books and light fiction should be
omitted.� However, olibraries with significant special collections are
encouraged to report titles in this area.�4

The importance of a state database was recognized with OCLC as its
basis. Questions were raised concerning the composition of such a data-
base, including whether to use linked regional/local databases or one large
database. What functions would this database perform"circulation,
interlibrary loan, acquisitions? Who would maintain it? What benefits
would a statewide database provide for library users?

Coordination with the other task forces was necessary as this group
investigated what automation projects were currently in progress across
the state. The pilot ZOCs were monitored, and automation activities in
other states was explored.

In March 1983, two recommendations were presented to the Steering
Committee: (1) to build on the core of MARC records that were already |
captured by North Carolina libraries belonging to OCLC; and (2) to
provide alternative methods for non-OCLC users with non-OCLC records.
Libraries were encouraged to contribute records for materials in all for-
mats. Also, they were encouraged to do retrospective conversion of records
giving priority to items of permanent value for research, items in special
local or subject collections, and technical items not expected to be dis-
carded as newer information became available. The use of the MARC
format, OCLC Level I cataloging standards, and the second edition of the

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

haha Sele

Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (AACR2) were established as standard.25
These recommendations were well received by the Steering Committee
and the task force was asked to give specific recommendations for those
libraries not currently automated.

Each member of the task force accepted responsibility for a segment of
the topics being studied. In the July 1983 quarterly report to the Steering
Committee, the task force presented a draft of a background paper aimed
at librarians in any small library (school, public, or special) who had no
funds for OCLC, but did have a microcomputer available. It included an
introduction to US MARC, a statement of the necessity for following
standards when cataloging, and recommendations for minimum catalog-
ing. Options for libraries not currently automated were given. Five bases
for automation comprised the options: a national bibliographic utility
(OCLC), a vendor utility, a turnkey system, a microcomputer, or the state
network. The task force also presented the option oto remain without
automation until such time as a statewide system was identified and
operable. Once such a statewide system was available the library would
purchase any equipment necessary in order to access the state network and
would incur only those fees connected with the use of the network.�26

Upon presentation of this background paper, the Task Force on Biblio-
graphic Database requested confirmation of its direction from the Steering
Committee. With the directions to include an analysis of vendor costs and
a warning to use MARC-like tagging to be compatible with a larger system,
the task force proceeded. In the 1982-83 Report to the State Library Com-
mission, the Steering Committee praised the work of the Task Force on
Bibliographic Database in the preparation of the paper on options for
libraries and suggested that oa broader distribution of the entire document
might be useful.�2�

Task Force on Document Delivery

The Task Force on Document Delivery, chaired by Nell Waltner, North
Carolina State University, identified two basic problems within lending
institutions and between institutions. For successful transmission of
interlibrary loan materials, there must be a financial commitment in a
library for interlibrary loan (ILL) service, including staff and time. Several
vendors were explored to identify a carrier service between institutions,
including the U.S. Postal Service, United Parcel Service, Purolater, the State
Courier Service, and facsimile transmission. The task force recommended
building upon the delivery systems currently in existence rather than
creating a new one.� Since the State Library In-WATS line was not avail-
able to school libraries, the task force recommended that othe service
could and should be extended to school libraries directly.�29

The second quarterly report, dated July 1983, reemphasized the need
for libraries to provide the personnel needed to allow for a quick one-to-
two-day turnaround of ILL requests, which should be available to all
libraries " academic, special, public, and school.°° The Steering Commit-
tee continued support of the demonstration ZOC in planning for docu-
ment delivery.

In the report to the quarterly meeting of the Steering Committee in
September 1984, the Task Force on Document Delivery reported that the
U.S. Postal Service and the United Parcel Service were being favored as
carriers.3! In their final report the Western North Carolina Libraries ZOC
did not address the document delivery issue. Their primary concern was
the publication in a MARC format of the union list of periodicals of the 40
participating libraries. The Task Force devised a methodology for doing
statistical studies on document delivery with programming and computer
support provided by I. T. Littleton, North Carolina State University.32

Winter 2002 " 93

94 " Winter 2002

By January 1986, the decision concerning the delivery of documents
had not been resolved. Investigation continued on contracts with major
package delivery companies within the state. The State Courier System and
the U.S. Postal Service were rejected obecause of spotty service patterns and
the need to protect the items being delivered from damage.� Delivery
systems in Pennsylvania and in Colorado were examined, with the recom-
mendation from the task force to use Western UnionTs Easy-Link service
that was being used in Colorado by the Department of Public Instruction
to provide all schools and libraries within the state access to database
vendors and bulletin boards as well as electronic mail.

Task Force on Public Information

The charge to the Task Force on Public Information was to develop a
promotional strategy for the state library network to communicate the
results of the King Research report and progress of the Steering Committee
and task forces to librarians, trustees, friends, and government officials
across the state.*4 The chairman for 1982-83 was Patsy Hansel,
Cumberland County Public Library and Information Center, with Carol
Lewis, State Department of Public Instruction, succeeding Hansel in 1984.

Early in 1983 the task force began the design of a brochure about the
network, which would explain the purpose of networking, what and who
would be involved, and what was being done. The completed brochure
was available for distribution at professional meetings in the fall of 1983.

A static display was designed to explain the purpose of the North
Carolina Networking Steering Committee and to feature the two pilot
ZOCs. The display was used at spring 1984 meetings of the North Carolina
Community College Learning Resources Association and the North Caro-
lina Educational Media Association as well as at the meetings of the NCLA
Public Library Trustees Association at the 1983 NCLA biennial conference
and the May 1984 meeting. The summer 1984 issue of North Carolina
Libraries focused on networking projects in the state.

At the fall regional meetings of school/library media personnel, a
questionnaire was distributed to high school media coordinators. The
purpose of this survey was to determine the degree to which school media
professionals ofelt a need to become involved in networking� and oused
networking strategies to provide resources to teachers and students.�5
During the quarterly meeting in March 1985, the following results of the
sutvey were disclosed: (1) most school library media specialists felt that
they could fill student requests satisfactorily and most faculty requests; (2)
there was a lack of awareness of network capabilities; and (3) microcom-
puters were used mainly for teaching computer literacy skills, yet were
often placed near the media centers.*° The need to continue providing
information about the potential of networking was expressed by the task
force.

In an effort to publicize the contributions of libraries in the state, an
Advisory Committee for the North Carolina Department of Cultural
Resources, Division of State Library, under the chairmanship of Edward G.
Holley, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, prepared and distrib-
uted a booklet oNorth CarolinaTs Libraries"Their Role: Statements of
Mission and Purpose.� This document was designed for the citizens of the
state"businessmen, legislators, educators, and the general public. The
purpose of the brochure was to explain the missions of various types of
libraries"public, school, academic, special"with the expressed desire that
the information provided would olead to a better understanding of the
vital roles libraries play in our educational, economic, and cultural life and
that it will result in the public support necessary for their continued
improvement.�9�

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

Task Force on Funding

Although funding may have appeared to be a primary concern, the Task
Force on Funding felt it could not proceed very far until what was to be
funded was determined. Their charges included investigating group dis-
counts on equipment and services and developing a funding strategy for
the network.

In their first meeting in December 1982, under the chairmanship of George
Viele, Greensboro Public Library, the task force formed a plan of action to
develop a funding manual covering basic information and basic minimum
costs; to examine financial benefits to be derived from collective network
activities such as group discounts for services, equipment, and software;
and, finally, to create the building blocks of a funding strategy for a state-
wide library network.?®

A nine-page manual was presented to the Steering Committee in
October 1983. Sources of funds listed were divided into federal, state, and
other categories. Federal funds were available from the Library Services and
Construction Act (LSCA) and General Revenue Sharing Grants. The recom-
mendation concerning state funding was to oseek special legislation to
fund pilot multi-type library projects. These projects fit nicely into the
pork-barrel legislation generally passed in the last day or two of each
General Assembly session.�2? Other suggested sources of funding included
the use of professional fundraising organizations, ZOC fundraisings, ZOC
foundations, and a Multitype Library Credit Union.

In a letter to Marjorie Lindsey, Consultant for Multitype Library Coop-
eration, State Library, Viele stated, oThe ultimate success of the Multi-Type
Cooperation will depend on the voluntary cooperation of different types of
libraries and their ability to achieve local funding. It is difficult to visualize
a state network becoming a reality from the top down. I sincerely believe
that the bottoms-up approach as proposed by Carol MyersT task force [on a
bibliographic database] is the right one.T�?° At that time, the committee
was also investigating the cost of using OCLC/SOLINET.

The Task Force on Funding presented another report at the September
1984 meeting of the Steering Committee in which it made further sugges-
tions in the search for funding. Industrial and business contributions were
considered, especially for purchase of hardware. oBusiness and industry
may be especially interested if the network provides information resource
needed for industrial research. Businesses and industries also have an
interest in excellent public library resources for their staffs as a part of the
educational resources of the state.�4! A state legislative appropriation was
identified as the best possibility for permanent funding of an on-going
network; however, it would need to be built into the state continuation

budget.

Task Force on Technology

The task of investigating the technology available in a rapidly advancing
field was a difficult one. Chairperson for the first two years was Libby
Smith, Environmental Protection Agency, who as part of her duties also
served on the GovernorTs Task Force on Science and Technology. At its first
meeting the task force defined several aspects which it needed to address,
including the monographic file, the serials file, an audiovisuals file, tele-
communications, and integrated library automation systems (ILAS) at the
individual library or ZOC levels. Reports in the literature were gathered and
on-site visits were made to libraries that were developing systems using
computers. Sheppard Memorial Library in Greenville was using word
processing and a database management system as well as providing online
reference service via DIALOG. Several libraries were considering automated

Winter 2002 " 95

96 " Winter 2002

circulation systems. Vendors providing electronic mail were explored. The
applicability of SOLINETTs LAMBDA Project and the Triangle Research Library
Network as bases to enhance access provided by OCLC were investi-
gated.42

A review of SOLINET and the North Carolina Union List of Serials
comprised its study during 1983. The deregulation of American Telephone
& Telegraph (AT&T) caused a delay in an investigation of telecommunica-
tions vendors. In the year-end report of the Task Force on Technology, it
was recognized that North Carolina libraries would prefer to select systems
with features appealing to their situations, resulting in a variety of systems
being installed across the state, making a standard state system oout of the
question.�43 For a central statewide catalog a statewide list of serials, the
use of SOLINETTs LAMBDA automated library system was preferred. The
Western North Carolina Library AssociationTs ZOC was proceeding using
LAMBDA.

The charges going into the second biennium of the Task Force on
Technology continued the work of the first task force, with William A.
Gosling, Duke University, serving as chairman. The ZOCs were monitored
from a technology perspective. Telecommunications possibilities included
WATS lines, microwave, satellite, and existing organizations such as the
North Carolina Agency for Public Telecommunications and the North
Carolina Educational Computing Service with LINC-NET. A survey of
current library automation within the state was proposed in conjunction
with MUGLNC, the Microcomputer Users Group for Libraries in North
Carolina. MicroNet, the network that linked area schools and Western
Carolina University, was investigated. Initiated in September 1982,
MicroNet provided oaccess to information to teachers and students
throughout North Carolina, allowing them to interact with their peers
through a computer network, plus provide a vehicle for offering instruc-
tional programs while removing the traditional time and logistical con-
straints.�44

The committee also reviewed the March 5, 1983 draft of a paper
entitled oEstablishment of a State-wide Communication System Among
the North Carolina School Systems.� The Division of Educational Media
and Technology Services of the North Carolina Department of Public
Instruction proposed the idea of developing a statewide communication
system among the North Carolina school systems. It included a state plan
to establish a philosophical base for the acquisition and utilization of
computers for both administrative and instructional purposes in the
schools of North Carolina. Three phases were proposed to occur over a
three-year period: (1) an assessment of current uses of computers; (2)
installation of minicomputers in pilot sites; and (3) using pilot projects as
test groups. Components of the proposed statewide system were electronic
mail, electronic conference, bulletin boards, and online databases of
resources persons across the state, computer assisted instruction software,
and applications of technology.*°

In the quarterly report to the Steering Committee, the task force wrote,
oIt was noted that many school libraries are unable to get approval from
administrators to participate on a reciprocal basis. It may be that these
librariesT access could develop through joint use of public librariesT ser-
vices. It was suggested to Marjorie Lindsey that contact be made with the
Deputy Director of Education to see what could be done from that source
to build support for school libraries to participate more fully in such
networks, including lending, sharing records and building administratorsT
support. Central paoressing centers might also provide the point of entry
to the network.�*°

By the end of 1985, the task force was to recommend a timeframe for a

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

phased development of a statewide library network. Coordination with
other task forces was a necessity. 4� At the March 1985 meeting of the
Networking Steering Committee, Gosling identified networking that was
currently in place within the state: State Library interlibrary loan service
network; health science libraries; public libraries; TRLN (Triangle Research
Libraries Network); ZOCs; BIS, the online catalog for UNC-CH, DUKE, and
NCSU; special libraries networks; and the OCLC interlibrary loan sub-
system. He went on to identify the links that were needed: school to
school, school to public, community colleges to Media Processing Center,
public to public, public to academic, academic to academic, academic to
non-academic, and the State Library to others. The task force outlined
components of a North Carolina Information Network"interlibrary loan,
union listing, e-mail, database services, and online document delivery"
and emphasized the capability of OCLC to create the North Carolina
bibliographic database.*®

In May, the task force made the following recommendations to the
Steering Committee: (1) to endorse serials listing project through OCLC;
(2) to create a master database of all records for all libraries within the state
by adopting the OCLC capability of forming a North Carolina biblio-
graphic database, using state funds rather than individual library funds to
cover startup costs; (3) upon adoption of recommendation 2, to secure
from current OCLC members permission to allow inclusion of their
records in a North Carolina database maintained at OCLC; (4) to identify
libraries with significant collections to be encouraged to become early
participants; (S) to recommend that the State Library Processing Center
become a full SOLINET/OCLC member and that separate symbols for
community college libraries be established. The recommendations report
concluded with a cost comparison between the creation of a new complete
bibliographic system within North Carolina versus use of the SOLINET/
OCLC system.*?

Task Force on Education and Training

The Task Force on Education and Training was not one of the original task
forces, but grew out of the State Library Continuing Education Study
Advisory Committee formed in 1982 to oversee a statewide study of
continuing library education. The study had resulted in a listing of library
education programs and their providers entitled oLearning in Progress: A
Study of Continuing Library Education in North Carolina.�

This State Library advisory committee was reconstituted as the Task
Force on Continuing Library Education Task Force, chaired by Jane Will-
iams, State Library. Work of this group was independent of the networking
studies although information was shared between the groups. In a report
to the Steering Committee in January 1983, the task force presented three
observations: (1) the need to break down electronic and psychological
barriers in decision making by librarians as revealed in a study by Alan
Samuels (UNC-Greensboro) and Charles McClure (University of Okla-
homa); (2) the trend in the profession to specialization, resulting in little
awareness of activities in other types of libraries; and (3) the recognition
that although the term ozone of convenience� was new, the concept had
been in effect with various cooperative arrangements. Three projects for
the State Library were proposed: (1) the creation of a database of continu-
ing education programs; (2) the creation of a database of individuals to
conduct workshops; and (3) closer planning between continuing library
education providers and participants.°°

In July 1983, recognizing the needs for network-related training, the
Education and Training Task Force was formed as a part of the Networking
committees while the Continuing Library Education Task Force became a

Winter 2002 " 97

98 " Winter 2002

council for planning and coordinating. A Library ManagerTs Assessment
and Development Seminar was also planned for July 1983. The target
audience for this seminar was public library directors, school media
supervisors, community college personnel, and State Department of
Public Instruction personnel. Many of the intended audience voiced the
opinion that public school librarians were seldom in management-level
positions. Marjorie Lindsey of the State Library reacted differently by
asking if SDPI personnel meant oonly the managers in the State Depart-
ment of Public Instruction and not practicing school librarians? ... I guess
ITm wondering, if school librarians never get to be ~managersT what would
be the point of including DPI people?� 4

Task Force on ZOCs
The term oZOC� first appeared in the King Research Report. In discussing
networking configurations, consultants defined a ZOC as oa library or
group of libraries that can conveniently share resources. The convenience
can arise from a variety of factors including, but not limited to geographic
proximity, similarities in types of patrons, dissimilarities in collections,
existing Bo SAG relationship, special relationships among libraries or
librarians.�°� A library can belong to more than one ZOC, according to
the services provided by a ZOC. ZOCs allow flexibility in establishing
cooperation as well as building on the existing cooperative practices.
Under the leadership of Ruth Katz, East Carolina University, the Task
Force on ZOCs examined the structure of existing cooperative library
activities in the state, including organizational structure, financial struc-
ture, sources of funding, legal arrangements, and governance. Members of
the task force formulated the guidelines for submitting requests for ZOC
proposals to receive an LSCA grant, reviewed the proposals, awarded the
grants, and monitored the progress of the ZOCs. One guideline was that
two or more types of libraries were to be included owith school library
participation seen as highly desirable.�?

ZOC Projects

Western North Carolina ZOC
The public, academic, and special libraries in the western section of the

state had formed an association, the Western North Carolina Library
Association. The main project of this association had been a union list of
serials, the fourth edition being published in 1975. Plans had been made
to update this list when the ZOC project grants were announced. The ZOC
proposal to update the union list was accepted in October 1983. The
project director at the time of the grant was Shirley McLaughlin,
Asheville-Buncombe Technical College.

The Western North Carolina ZOC project involved forty libraries in
twenty-three counties, serving a population of over 615,000. Through a
contract with SOLINET, they produced a union list from the holdings lists
in a variety of formats submitted by the participating libraries. The fifth
edition of the Union List of Periodicals in Western North Carolina was distrib-
uted in microfiche format. One hard copy laser-printed edition was on file
as a master. Printed copies were for sale to other libraries. The Western
North Carolina Association ZOC expressed its commitment to upgrading
the quality of their serials records using MARC format.4

Project CLONE

Cooperative Libraries of Nash and Edgecombe Counties (CLONE) involves
two technical colleges (Edgecombe Technical College, Nash County
Technical College), two public libraries (Braswell Memorial Library,
Edgecombe County Memorial Library), and a private college (North
Carolina Wesleyan College). In a contract with a commercial vendor,

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

CLONE produced a microfiche union catalog of over 166,000. High
schools in the zone of cooperation also received copies. Olivia Weeks,
Edgecombe Technical College, served as Project Director.

CLEVE-NET

A history of cooperation and reciprocal borrowing through use of a com-
mon library card for the libraries in Cleveland County provided the
foundation for their ZOC project. CLEVE-NET links two public libraries
(Cleveland County Memorial Library, Mauney Memorial Library), a techni-
cal college (Cleveland Technical College)), four high schools (Burns High
School, Crest High School, Kings Mountain High School, Shelby High
School), and a private college (Gardner-Webb College). Under the direc-
tion of Douglass Perry, Cleveland County Memorial Library, CLEVE-NET
completed two projects: (1) an online union list of patrons; and (2) a
union list of Serials, accessible both in print format and online. A third
project, which remained in the information-gathering stage, was to create
an online local information file of community agencies and organizations.
Electronic mail service provides a forum for resource sharing opportunities
and personal contact among the librarians. Public events, college pro-
grams, and school activities are posted on an electronic bulletin board.°®

Wilson County Library Network

After overcoming the technical difficulties of linking a variety of brands of
microcomputers, the Wilson County Library Network began operation in
the fall of 1985, under the direction of Peter A. Bileckyj, Wilson County
Public Library. Other organizational members included two academic
libraries (Atlantic Christian College"now Barton College, Wilson County
Technical College), three high schools (Fike High School, Hunt High
School, Beddingfield High School), a hospital library (Wilson Memorial
Hospital), and the Eastern North Carolina School for the Deaf. The interac-
tive electronic mail/bulletin board system was used to transmit interlibrary
loan requests, reference requests, and professional information among
member libraries. Projects being developed included a union list of serials,
audiovisuals, and patrons.

Health Sciences Union List of Serials

Another ZOC grant was awarded to the health sciences libraries through-
out North Carolina. This ZOC developed a Union List of Serials of Health
Sciences Libraries.

The various task forces presented their final findings and recommenda-
tions to the North Carolina Library Networking Steering Committee in
June 1985. The task forces and the Steering Committee ceased functioning
and the North Carolina Networking Committee was formed, with Howard
E McGinn, then State Librarian, as the chair.

The implementation phase began with the formation of objectives and
guiding principles that were approved by the Secretary of the Department
of Cultural Resources Patric Dorsey, upon the recommendation of the State
Library Commission. The Objectives and Guiding Principles of the North
Carolina Information Network were printed in the January/February 1986
issue of Tar Heel Libraries: oThe North Carolina Library Network exists to
serve all the citizens of the state. Its sole purpose is the improvement of
the daily lives of North Carolinians through the provision of information.
It assumes that access to the information necessary to conduct our daily
lives is a basic human right and that the facilitation of this access is a duty
of government.�97

Local or regional programs, micronetting, will continue to be devel-
oped. Statewide programs, macronetworking, will concentrate initially on
three projects: (1) the North Carolina Bibliographic Database, using the

Winter 2002 " 99

100 "

records in OCLC as a nucleus with records of tapeloading libraries added as
available; (2) the North Carolina Union List of Serials, using the Western
North Carolina Union List of Serials as a basis and the Health Sciences
Union List of serials being added; and (3) the North Carolina library
electronic mail/bulletin board system through a contract with a major
statewide or national system.
The implementation date for the first of these projects, the
North Carolina Bibliographic Database was June 1985.°8 At
that point, test sites were being selected with OCLC mem-

The NCIN pr ovided the bers given preference, the training of trainers was being
vision for the movement planned, information was still being collected for the Union

List of Serials phase, and work was proceeding on securing a

toward pr oviding online contract for the bulletin board/electronic mail portion of

services for all citizens of
North Carolina. it would be known as the North Carolina Information

inteR 2002

the network. The North Carolina Library Network entered
into the implementation phase on October 25, 1985. Soon

Network (NCIN). The philosophy driving the further
development and enhancement of the NCIN since 1985 has
been for local libraries to identify their needs, plan coopera-
tively, and utilize the experiences gained by the ZOC
projects for technical assistance. This philosophy of local participation still
exists in that it is the responsibility of local organizations to implement
participation in the North Carolina Library Network.

In early 1992, a publication of the State Library of North Carolina listed
the full range of member services to all libraries participating in the North
Carolina Information Network:

" access to the North Carolina Online Union Catalog, North Carolina
Union List of Serials, Interlibrary Loan, EPIC on OCLC as part of the
North Carolina OCLC Group Access Capability (GAC)

" access to the SOLINET/SoLINE gateway to interlibrary loan in 10
Southeastern states

" access to AT&T Easylink electronic mail and as well as North Caro-
lina generated bulletin boards (to be phased out later in 1992)

" access to the University of North Carolina, Education Computing
Service X.25 telecommunication lines, including LINC-Log Into
North Carolina

" retrospective conversion of public library bibliographic holdings
(LSCA, Title I)

" OCLC tape loading of multitype library MARC records into OCLC

" document delivery via telefacsimile.°?

With the North Carolina Information Network now fully imple-
mented, the stage was set for the development of the online statewide
computer network, NC LIVE (North Carolina Libraries and Virtual Educa-
tion) in the late 1990s, to be partially funded by the General Assembly of
North Carolina. The NCIN provided the vision for the movement toward
providing online services for all citizens of North Carolina.

This is but one portion of the story of the use of technology in North
Carolina libraries to provide better service. Please view this effort as an
invitation not only for further research on similar topics, but also for
greater documentation, including archival collection development and
oral histories of those involved in this ongoing transformation. Librarians
expend a great deal of energy preserving othersT stories; let us preserve a
bit of our own.°

References:
The files of the North Carolina Network Steering Committee, including

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

those of each task force, are available at the State Library of North Caro-
lina. Folders of each task force as well as of the Steering Committee had
been carefully collected by Marjorie Lindsey, Consultant for Multitype
Library Cooperation at the State Library.

! Jones, Plummer Alston, Jr., oNorth Carolina Networks: A Bibliography
on Library Cooperation Involving the Old North State,� North Carolina
Libraries 50 (Special Edition 1992): 32-36.

2 Robert B. Downs, ed., Resources of North Carolina Libraries (Raleigh:
GovernorTs Commission on Library Resources, 1965), 1.

3 Ibid., 3-4, 6-8.

4 Ibid., 32.

Ibid., 153.

© Ibid, 154.

7 [bid., 227, 229.

8 The Next Step for North Carolina Libraries: A Library Services Network;
The Report of a Feasibility Study of the North Carolina Library Services Network
(Raleigh: North Carolina State Library, North Carolina Library Association,
State Board of Education, State Board of Higher Education, 1971), 4.

? Ibid., 7.

10 Ibid.

~1 Tpid., 3.

B Summary of The Next Step for North Carolina Libraries (Raleigh: North
Carolina State Library, 1971), 2.

13 Next Step, 8.

ae Uc

1S Alberta Smith, Access to Information for North Carolinians, Multitype
Library Cooperation Working Paper No. 1, by Alberta Smith for Ad Hoc
Committee on Multitype Library Cooperation and North Carolina Library
Association Networking Committee (Raleigh: Division of State Library,
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, 1981), 2.

16 [bid., 2-3.

'7 Ibid., 6.

18 Ibid., 8.

19 Tbid., 37.

20 Jose-Marie Griffiths and Donald W. King, North Carolina Networking
Feasibility Study (Rockville, MD: King Research, Inc., 1982), 1-2.

21 hid., 8.

22 Ibid., 132-34.

23 North Carolina Library Networking Steering Committee, o1982-83
press to the State Library Commission,� November 1983, 1.

24 oNorth Carolina Union Catalog Policy Statement,� January 1981.

25 Task Force on Bibliographic Database, oReport to Steering Commit-
tee,� March 1983.

26 oSome Options for Libraries Currently Not Automated,� Draft, July
13, 1983/3:

27 North Carolina Library Networking Steering Committee, o1982-83
oe to the State Library Commission,� 1.

28 Task Force on Document Delivery, oQuarterly Report, April 1983,� 4.

be

30 Task Force on Document Delivery, oQuarterly Report, ily O88 A.

31 Task Force on Document Delivery, oQuarterly Report, September 11,
1984,� 12.

32 1983-85 North Carolina Library Networking Steering Committee and
1985-86 North Carolina Library Networking Committee, oMinutes, Octo-
ber 29, 1985,� 1.

33 oThe North Carolina Library Network,� January 14, 1986, 4.

34 oTask Force on Public Information, Charges"1982-84,� 1.

Winter 2002 " 101

35 Memorandum, Carol Lewis to Steering Committee, March 12, 1985.

36 North Carolina Library Networking Steering Committee, oMinutes of
Quarterly Meeting, March 12, 1985.�

37 North Carolina's Libraries: Their Role"Statements of Mission and Purpose
(Chapel Hill: UNC Press, 1983), endnote.

oe oReport to Steering Committee,� December 9, 1982.

39 Task Force on Funding, oA Funding Manual for ZOCs of North
Carolina.�

40 Letter, George Viele to Marjorie Lindsey, October 25, 1983.

41 oPotential Sources of Funding for Statewide-Networking,� presented
September 11, 1984, at the Steering Committee meeting.

42 Task Force on Technology, oQuarterly Report,� March 1983.

43 Task Force on Technology, oFinal Report,� October 1983.

44 Task Force on Technology. oCharges, 1984-85.�

45 Establishment of a Statewide Communication System Among the
North Carolina School Systems,� draft, March 3, 1983.

46 Task Force on Technology, oQuarterly Report to North Carolina
Library Networking Steering Committee,� January 24, 1984.

47 Task Force on Technology, oCharges, 1984-85.�

48 North Carolina Networking Steering Committee, oMinutes of Quar-
terly Meeting,� March 12, 1985.

49° Task Force on Technology, oRecommendations to the North Carolina
Library Networking Steering Committee,� May 16, 1985.

50 Task Force on Continuing Library Education, oReport to North Caro-
lina Library Networking Steering Committee,� January 1983.

51 Notes by Marjorie Lindsey on oProposal for Library ManagersT Assess-
ment and Development Seminar, July 10-15, 1983.�

52 King Report, 54.

~3. Ruth M. Katz. oZones of Cooperation: Aspects of Network Develop-
ment,� North Carolina Libraries 42 (Summer 1984): 58.

54 oUnion List of Periodicals in Western North Carolina Libraries, Final
Report " ZOC Project,� June 1985, 25; Jones, oNorth Carolina Networks,�
34-36.

55 Katz, 59; Jones, oNorth Carolina Networks,� 34-36.

© Interview, Diane Davies Kester with Douglas Perry, Shelby, NC, April
30, 1986; Jones, oNorth Carolina Networks,� 34-36.

5� Tar Heel Libraries 9 (Jan./Feb. 1986): 2.

58 ded.

5? oThe North Carolina Information Network: A Service of the State
Library of North Carolina, NC Department of Cultural Resources: Linking
North Carolina to the World,� draft 2/92, 2.

60 Our thanks to colleague, Kevin Cherry, past chair of the NCLA Round
Table on Special Collections, who reminds us regularly of the importance
of active documentation of library efforts, most recently as part of the
oHometown History� five-part workshop series sponsored by NC ECHO
and the Federation of North Carolina Historical Societies in Spring 2002.

102 " Winter 2002 North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

"

Cyber-Fundraising
and North Carolina
Public Libraries

by Timothy C. Hunter

n February 2002, Governor Michael F. Easley announced that North
Carolina was suffering from a $900 million budget deficit. The
Governor's solution to this problem was to withhold $209 million in
state payments to local governments, which in turn forced many to
slash local budgets.! Because public libraries are heavily subsidized
through these revenues, budget cuts loomed ominously over North
Carolina public libraries and their leaders. Libraries in western North
Carolina were faced with losing as much as SO percent of their funding.�
While librarians are generally a thrifty lot, the stateTs budgetary crisis
has increased the need for effective fundraising. The Library Journal Budget
Report for 1999 found that fundraising in libraries has grown 228% since
1993.3 This increased use of fundraising has also intensified competition
in a complex endeavor. In order to navigate this process, many librarians
have turned to the Internet to submit proposals, to research
funding sources, and to communicate with colleagues on
fundraising issues.

... the future of libr ary Still, the InternetTs communication abilities have remained
7 virtually untapped by library fundraisers. The Internet offers a
develop ment will be new medium for communicating with people and, from a
dependent upon fundraiserTs point of view, with potential supporters. Some of
| h | F the InternetTs communication methods, such as e-mail, Web
nternet techno ogles ... sites and listservs, offer library development officers innova-

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

tive ways to enhance any fundraising program. Adam Corson-
Finnerty suggests that the future of library development will
be dependent upon Internet technologies that we use every-
day and implies that libraries have yet to tap the full potential
of these tools for fundraising.* Assuming this is true, North
Carolina public libraries need to expand their online

fundraising capabilities to compete more effectively for funds
in an ever-tightening economy.

What cyber-fundraising is and is not

According to Dr. Swapan Garain, a senior fellow at Johns Hopkins Univer-
sity, cyber-fundraising ois a technique for the 21st century.� The
InternetTs global reach, interactivity, and communal nature provide what
many regard as a opotential method for reducing dependency on other
teed methods which are expensive, time-consuming and narrowly
focused.�

Winter 2002 " 107

... cyber-fundraising Is

What cyber-fundraising is not, however, is more important than what
it is. Cyber-fundraising will not solve all of a fundraiserTs problems. Used
effectively, it can be a very valuable step toward a new level of
fundraising. Used ineffectively, it can lead to trouble.

The Internet will never replace traditional methods of raising funds;
however, it can enhance these methods. Corson-Finnerty and Blanchard
suggest that if your library does not already have a fundraising program,
Web fundraising is not the place to begin.T Thus, cyber-fundraising is best
construed as the use of Internet tools to enhance but not completely

replace traditional methods of fundraising.

Why use online fundraising?
Online fundraising can bring a new and diverse generation into

best construed as the the fold of library sponsorship. While many of our larger
donors may be from the older generation, the Internet has
use of Internet tools to introduced a new osocially engaged Internet user� into the
enhance but not fundraising mix.® According to the Mellman Marketing Group,

the next generations of donors are online. The number of

completely fe eplace Americans with Internet access who report giving money to

traditional methods of
fundrai sing. ideologically liberal, the online universe opens an untapped

104 " Winter 2002

organizations and social causes represents 25% of the adult
population.� Also, while traditional givers tend to be older and

funding source of much greater diversity. Eight-five percent of
these socially engaged Internet users are under the age of 60
and ideologically are evenly divided between Democrats (39%)
and Republicans (41%).10
For six reasons, libraries are in a position to engage these new online
library donors:
" libraries are accurately perceived as obelonging to everybody�
~ libraries provide an easy link to any part of a community via the
Internet
" libraries provide some of the best opportunities for lasting memorials
" libraries are perceived as safe, warm, service-oriented pioneers
" libraries in the digital age have become electronic pioneers
- libraries provide a significant return for the investment.!!

Cyber-fundraising in North Carolina Public Libraries

I looked at how public libraries are using the Internet for fundraising in
North Carolina and found that most are using the Internet to research
and apply for grants. Very few libraries are using the Internet beyond its
informational purpose.

I surveyed 70 North Carolina Public Library Directors from the North
Carolina Directory of Public Libraries.1 1 sent an e-mail to each director
requesting his or her participation in an Internet survey, which could be
accessed at http://faculty.catawba.edu/tchunter/survey/index.html. At the
end of one month I had gathered a sample of 31 libraries across the state,
a 44% response rate.

Eighty-seven percent of the directors, who responded to the survey.
did not currently use the Internet to raise funds. Of those who did not use
the Internet, several reasons were identified as obstacles to that use. The
belief that online fundraising is ineffective was the foremost objection,
while a lack of staff was ranked as the second obstacle. Thirty percent also
believed that they lacked the technical expertise to implement such a
program. In addition, several other concerns were expressed, including
security issues and lack of governmental support and Internet fundraising
knowledge. Interestingly, no one said that they lacked the technical
infrastructure or time to support such activities.

While many of the directors seemed to be attracted to the idea of

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

fundraising on the Internet, they approached the concept with a ocautious
optimism.� One library director stated that oreal live personal contact is
more effective,� while another affirmed that the ohuman contact is lost�
in Internet transactions. It appears that an underlying skepticism seems to
be rooted in concerns over the loss of face-to-face interactions with

An examination of several North Carolina library home pages
confirms that other public libraries are beginning to recognize this
same ointrinsic value�:

Public Library of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County (PLCMC)
http://www.plemc.lib.nc.us

PLCMC is one of the stateTs largest public library systems. PLCMCTs home
page includes three areas of cyber-fundraising. First, on the home page, is a
link entitled oSupport your Library"Buy Books Online.� This link leads to a
page, which advertises a collaborative agreement with Amazon. By enter-
ing the Amazon pages through this gateway, Amazon will donate a certain
percentage of each sale to the PLCMC. A second online fundraising tactic is
the Online Gift Shop. This can be accessed on the oSupport the Library�
Web page. This page offers online purchase via credit card of PLCMC items,
such as shirts, mugs, and books published by the PLCMC. Finally, on the
home page, there is a link to subscribe to @TheLibrary newsletter. This e-
mail newsletter highlights events, program offerings, and news concerning
the PLEMC.

Rowan County Public Library (RPL)

http://www.lib.co.rowan.nc.us/

While Rowan CountyTs experiment with cyber-fundraising is not as exten-
sive as PLCMCTs, it is a good example of how an online presence can work
in conjunction with traditional methods of fundraising. The RPL has put an
electronic version of its newsletter on the Web. In that newsletter is a sec-

tion which highlights donations to the RPL foundation, memorials and hono-
rariums, and donations to existing endowments. The site also offers infor-
mation on how prospective supporters can join the Friends group and a
printable membership application is supplied.

Durham County Library

http://www.durhamcountylibrary.org/

The Durham County Library has a Friends group that dates back 30 years. It
has supported the library through volunteer and financial assistance for pro-
grams, materials, and equipment. The FriendsT site has a link from the li-
brary home page. While this page lacks flashy Webtronics, it is a very good
source of information concerning ongoing FriendsT program and current
library funds. It also offers a printable oe form that can be mailed
in to join the local chapter.

Union County Public Library

http://www.union.lib.nc.us/

The Union County Public Library's Web site oe a link i Siete: Support
Groups on the home page. In that section there are links highlighting the
Union County Library Foundation and the Friends of the Library, including a
vast amount of information given to define the mission of each organiza-
tion. The FoundationTs page provides a printable pledge form to make do-
nations to the foundation, while the FriendsT page offers a downloadable
membership form. This site demonstrates that you do not have to have the
latest Web bells and whistles to use cyber-fundraising effectively.

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

supporters.

Directions in North Carolina
Four libraries stated that they were
utilizing various methods of
cyber-fundraising, but due to the
small sample, no concrete conclu-
sions could be drawn. Even so,
there are two interesting pieces of
data that might indicate the
directions in which North Caro-
lina libraries are moving. Of the
four libraries that responded
positively to the survey, all four
were using their Web sites as focal
points for their Internet
fundraising efforts. Also, three of
the four offered on their Web sites
some method of making online
donations or pledges. These
methods ranged from online
transactions to printable pledge
forms.

The effectiveness of these
efforts has not yet been deter-
mined. Most of the respondents
did not report on the success of
their online efforts, but those
libraries currently utilizing cyber-
fundraising did report having
done so for a year or less " too
short of a time to gauge the true
effectiveness of a campaign. While
Hickory Public LibraryTs Web site
has brought in no direct funds,
Director Corki Miller believes that
there is a more important intrinsic
value to online fundraising: oWe
know the information is reaching
more members of the commu-
nity " getting the information
out is more valuable.�

Virtual Friends

In so far as ogetting the informa-
tion out� is a major theme for the
sites above, what better group to
accomplish that goal than the
Friends of the Library? Friends
groups have been the foundation
of most library development
programs for a long time and it

Winter 2002 " 109

only makes sense that these groups become owired� as well. With the
increased technological infrastructure of most public libraries, collabora-
tion between the libraryTs technical staff and the local Friends group
could prove to be a fruitful alliance.

Corson-Finnerty and Blanchard believe that for a Friends Web site to
be effective it needs to perform three functions.! First, it should keep
members informed of news, programs, and events, especially during times
of budgetary cuts, when librarians need to be able to mobilize supporters
at the last minute. An online newsletter or listserv could be a great tool to
send out alerts to gather fast support for a growing issue or decision.

Second, it should provide recognition for the contributions of its
members. Naming a building after a benefactor or putting a name in the
front of a book are forms of traditional plaquing. Somer urs is pro-
viding that recognition in an online environment. 4 For example, a Web
page dedicated to a donor with a history or biography of the person is
one way of cyberplaquing.

Finally, the site should provide a way to solicit new members. Increas-
ing membership not only means more revenue from dues, but also an
expanded donation network. However, the interactivity of a membership
page varies greatly. Union County Public Library includes printable
membership forms that can be mailed. Other libraries permit supporters
to apply online and pay their membership dues with a credit card.

Where to Start?

How do we begin to utilize online fundraising techniques in North
Carolina public libraries? Carolyn Fox identifies four steps to incorporat-
ing the Internet into a development program. !° Understanding the
limitations and possibilities of technology is the first step. While libraries
are aware that they need to incorporate technology into their organiza-
tions, they often do not recognize what effect this may have on the
library as a whole.

The second step is to understand the Internet itself. The Internet is
unlike any technology to come before it. It has transformed our under-
standing of community by creating its own culture and language. People
approach and interact with each other very differently on the Internet

than in traditional settings. A set of unwritten rules called
Tnetiquette,� which governs interaction on the Internet,
has emerged. Understanding netiquette is the key to

An Internet fundraisi ng s tr ateg y approaching donors and supporters online.
needs a Visio n, goals, The third step is to determine what Internet tools will

be most useful to your library as it devises a fundraising

and objec tives. strategy. Again, online fundraising is not for everyone and

A fly-by-night idea without

should not be used just because you can. PLAN, PLAN, and
then PLAN again. An Internet fundraising strategy needs a

guidance can do more damage vision, goals, and objectives. A fly-by-night idea without

guidance can do more damage than not doing anything at

than not doi ng any thi ng at all. all. For example, a library might set up a Web page that

106 " Winter 2002

allows supporters to subscribe to an electronic newsletter
about the library. This could turn out to be more popular
than anticipated, and the number of subscribers could
overwhelm existing staff, leading to unanswered e-mails,
undelivered issues of the newsletter, and disappointed
potential supporters.

Finally, the last step is to incorporate the new tools and strategy into
the existing development program. Always remember that cyber-
fundraising is just a tool to enhance current fundraising efforts. DonTt
abandon face-to-face contact; use the Internet to initiate that contact.

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

Incorporating one technology at a time and piloting new techniques with
established supporters before full implementation will save valuable
resources and ensure a successful project.

Measuring Success

Measuring success can be somewhat cumbersome, but it is very important
in determining the strategies to incorporate into a long-term develop-
ment plan. According to Michael Stein, there are three ways to measure
your success. !© One is to assess whether you are actually building an
audience for your efforts. Track hits to your Web sites or listservs, but
realize that you must be in this for the long haul. It could possibly take
two or more years before you see any success.

The second is in the feedback you get from your supporters. Gather
this feedback in any way possible " through surveys, e-mail, focus
groups, etc. This could be your best measure, since you're utilizing this
technology to make things easier for the patron. Remember, technology
does not always save staff time and sometimes it may increase the
workload. Staff time versus fundraising success is often a positive relation-

ship. The more time you can devote to this effort, the
more successful your results. The ultimate goal of
making things easier for the patron/supporter should
never be lost in the implementation of any new
technology. While your older patrons may have an

Track hits to your Web sites or aversion to these new fundraising methods, there is a

larger, younger population that needs to be tapped for

listser VS, but realize that you mus t future support. A good balance of traditional and
be in this for the lon 9g haul. It could online fundraising methods eliminates the possibility

of alienating supporters.

possibly take two or more year. S The third way to measure success is whether or not

you're raising money from this effort. Ask people why

before you see any SUCCESS. they gave the money. If you are taking money through

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

Sa eee

electronic transactions such as credit cards, these

transactions should be easy to trace. However, if you

have a printable membership form that people mail in

with dues, this may be a little harder. A cost-benefit

analysis might be a good method to determine how
much it is costing you to raise funds. DonTt forget that when managed
effectively, online fundraising can save you money " and saving money
is the same as raising it.

Push or Pull?
In order to make money, people must know how to promote these re-
sources. The maxim obuild it and they will come,� doesnTt work as well
on the Internet as it does in the movies. There are two strategies for
drawing people to your site"pull and push. oA pull strategy draws your
prospect to your site,� while a push strategy otakes your message or site to
the prospect.� !7

For online fundraising, a pull strategy tends to be much more effec-
tive and library sites already have an innate pull due to their content. In
contrast, a push strategy can be seen exactly as that " opushy.� This type
of strategy is what most Internet users call spam. Instead of spamming
someone with unrequested e-mail, you could place a button on your Web
site for requesting a newsletter or listserv. In this way, the prospect has
consented to be solicited concerning library support.

Conclusion
While many tools are available to fundraisers interested in online

Winter 2002 " .107

108 " Winter 2002

fundraising, cyber-fundraising seems to lend itself to some common
guidelines:

" If you build it, they wonTt just come.
You have to promote your new online fundraising efforts.

" Be able to understand technology and have a vision.
Your libraryTs online efforts are a marketing and fundraising tool.
You must be able to understand technology, what it can and cannot
do for you. You must have a vision for your cyber-fundraising
efforts.

" ItTs all about your supporters.
Know your donors and supporters. Make online giving easy and give
your donors options.

" Cyber-fundraising enhances traditional fundraising efforts.
Your cyber-fundraising projects are nothing alone. You must incor-
porate it into the mission of the library and its overall development
plan.

" Ethics, privacy and security are still important.
As with patron information, the privacy of donorTs/supporterTs
information should be considered off-limits except for library
purposes.

" Cyber-fundraising is not the magic bean.
Cyber-fundraising is a tool to be used in your fund raising strategy.
It SHOULD NOT be viewed as a quick cure.

" Success online means obeying onetiquette.�
You must target your audience and drive their attention to the
wealth of information and services offered by your online presence.
Permission must be sought before you begin direct communication
via the Internet.

" Cyber-fundraising is about relationship building.
The Internet offers the opportunity to effectively build a community
of supporters. DonTt abandon face-to-face contact; use the Internet
to initiate that contact.'®

Considering the recent cutbacks and legislative cold shoulder to the
libraryTs role in society, it is not surprising that skepticism exists concern-
ing cyber-fundraising. After all, if a library has the choice between starting
such a program, and offering basic services, most of us would vote for the
basics. However, as we have seen, a well-organized online fundraising
effort can be a valuable addition to any library development program and
as the cost of getting online continues to decrease, even the smallest
library can take advantage of online fundraising techniques.

While it appears that cyber-fundraising in North Carolina is in its
infancy, the examples in this article illustrate the pioneering trends of
several libraries. Their exploration into this new medium represents the
beginning of a new era in library development. With the Internet emerg-
ing as a preferred method of communication and public funding decreas-
ing, the very future of the public library may depend upon how effec-
tively we are at attracting new generations of supporters.

References

1 Mark Johnson, oStateTs Budget Comes Up Short Almost $1 Billion,�
Charlotte Observer, 6 Mar. 2002, available from http://www.ncdot.org/
news/dailyclips/2002/02_02/2002-02-06aa.html, Internet, accessed 10 Oct.

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

2002.

2 Geoff Cantrell, oState Budget Cuts Harm RegionTs Smaller Libraries,�
Asheville Citizen-Times, 8 May 2002, available from http://cgi.citizen-
times.com/cgi-bin/story/news/12513, Internet, accessed 8 Oct. 2002.

3 Evan St. Lifer, oLibraries Succeed at Funding Books and Bytes,� Library
Journal 124 (Jan. 1999): 51.

4 Adam Corson-Finnerty and Laura Blanchard, Fundraising and Friend-
Raising on the Web (Chicago:American Library Association, 1998), 5-6.

Swapan Garain, oCyber Fundraising,� Humanscape 7 (June 2002),
available from http://www.humanscapeindia.net/humanscape/hs0600/
hs60010t.htm, Internet, accessed 15 Oct. 2002.

© Tbid.

~ Corson-Finnerty and Blanchard, 4-5.

8 Mellman Group, Social Engaged Internet Users: Prospects for Online
Philanthropy and Activism (Arlington: CMS Interactive, 1999), 4.

icc ere

oO id. 3,
pie Corson-Finnerty and Blanchard, 3-4.
12. Directory of North Carolina Public Libraries: July 1, 1999-June 30, 2000,

available from http://statelibrary.dcr.state.nc.us/ld/99_2000directory.pdf,
Internet, accessed 10 Oct. 2002.

13 Corson-Finnerty and Blanchard, 44.

14 David King, oSoliciting Virtual Money,� Library Journal, Net Connect
sr 125 (Oct. 2000): 40.

15 Cheryl Fox, oFundraising and the Internet: Making It a Part of a
Successful Development Program,� (M.A. thesis, St. MaryTs University of
Minnesota, 1997), 11-13.

16 Michael Stein, oTools You Can Use Online,� in Fundraising on the
Internet: Recruiting and Renewing Donors Online, ed. Nick Allen, Mal
Warwick, and Michael Stein (Berkeley: Stratmorr Press, 1996), 3, 11.

17 Adam Corson-Finnerty, oCybergifts,� Library Trends 48 (Winter 2000):
624.

18 The Ten Rules of e-Philanthrophy That Every Nonprofit Must Know,
available from http://www.ephilanthropyfoundation.homestead.com/
tenrules.html, Internet, accessed 15 Oct. 2002.

Winter 2002 " 109

110 " Winter 2002

Library and Information Science Research 2001:
A Bibliography of MasterTs Papers from the
University of North Carolina
School of Information and Library Science

The following masterTs papers were submitted in partial fulfill ment of the requirements for
the master of science in information and library science degree at the School of Informa-
tion and Library Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The subject
headings used to index them have been given. They are available for interlibrary loan.

Argue, Bradley C. oThe Development of a Web-based Commercial Vehicle Tracking and
Maintenance System.� 30 pages. May 2001.
Headings: Database Management " Systems; Information " System " Design; Web
databases.

Baker, Donna. oFrameworks Revisited: Comprehensive User Assessment System for the
Manuscripts Department at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.� 49
pages. November 2001.

Headings: Archives " Reference services; User surveys.

Beaudin, Danielle. oA Content Analysis of Disability Access on Government Websites
in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.� 64 pages. November
2001.

Headings: Computers and the handicapped - United States; Web site develop-
ment; World Wide Web Design; Disabled persons; Internet.

Buttram, Nora Dineane. oEvaluation Study of Online Course Offerings from the
Department of African and Afro-American Studies at the University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill.� 82 pages. November 2001.

Headings: Computer-assisted instruction; Instructional assessment; Online
courses; African and African American studies.

Dopke, Justin R. oThe Importance of Iterative Design in Collaborative Efforts for
Educational Resources: A Case Study of the Plant Information Center (PIC)
Website.� 31 pages. November 2001.

Headings: ChildrenTs resources " Electronic; Collaboration; Participatory design;
Usability testing; Information system design.

Dunn, Lindsey. oDeveloping Policies for the University of North Carolina at Chapel
HillTs Curriculum Materials Center in the School of Education.� 46 pages. Novem-
ber 2001.
Headings: Curriculum libraries; Curriculum libraries" Policy statements; Planning,
Library; Libraries " Policy statements.

King, L. Scott. oLocal Area Networks: Tracking the Physical Layer Via a Web Database.�
47 pages. November 2001.

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

Headings: Database design; Database management; Computer networks " Manage-
ment; Local area networks "- Management; Web databases.

Mercer, Vikki Nicole. oThe Double-Edged Sword: Examining Perceptions of Technology
as a Process of Enablement and Constraint within an Academic Organization.� 97
pages. October 2001.

Headings: Technology; Technology, Dialectics of; Technology, Perceptions of.

Moon, Youngjoo. oA Study on the Hypercatalog Applying Bibliographic Relationships:
A Gateway to Information in a Networked Environment.� 76 pages. August 2001.
Headings: Library catalogs; Hypercatalog; Bibliographic relationships.

Parkhurst, Naomi. oContent, Form, and Currency: The Information Provided on North
Carolina Public Web Sites.� 41 pages. November 2001.
Headings: Web sites - Evaluation; Web sites " Design; Internet " Public libraries;
Public libraries - North Carolina.

Rowe, Beth L. oUCITA: An Act of Promise or Peril? A Critique of the Uniform Com-
puter Information Transactions Act.� 51 pages. November 2001.
Headings: Intangible property " United States; Intellectual property " United
States; Copyright " United States; License agreements " United States; Uniform
state laws " United States; UCITA.

Samuel, Monecia. oRoutes and Resources on the Information Horizon Map: Under-
standing Undergraduate StudentsT Information Seeking Patterns and Preferred
Resources to Enhance Bibliographic Instruction.� 57 pages. November 2001.
Headings: Bibliographic instruction " Academic libraries; Information horizons;
Information horizon maps; Information-seeking behavior " Undergraduate stu-
dents; Undergraduate students " College and academic libraries.

Vong, Monica. oUsing SAS Version 8.2 and JSP/JAVA to Create a Product Database.� 50
pages. November 2001.
Headings: Web-enabled database; Web development " JSP, Java, Servlets, HTML;
Data management " SAS; Data cleanup " SAS; User-interface design.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS oe

Timothy C. Hunter
Instruction/Reference Librarian, Cottier inn Black: libeay, Catawba College
B.A. (Psychology), University « of North Carolina at SiG iy M. LLS., Sei of North Carolina at

Greensboro

Plummer Alston Jones, Jr.
Associate Professor, Department of Librarianship, Educational Technology, and Distance Instruction,
School of Education, East Carolina University =
B.M. (Music Education), East Carolina University; M. S ben and Information Science), Drexel

University; Ph.D. han and oe Science), Uae, of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Carol Avis Keck _.
Group Director, Library and Information Services: ~Center {or Creative Leadership

BA, M.LIS., a of North Pees at t Greensboro :

~Rune D. Kester
Associate Professor and Ghats: sR sehen of eres Educational Technology, and Distance
Instruction, School of Education, East Carolina University
B.A., B.S., Texas WomanTs University; M.A. Ed., M.L.S., Ed. S., East ie University; Ph. D., ae
of North ~Carolina at Chapel Hill

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60 Winter 2002 " 111

Le aguiappe*| North Canoliniana

compiled by Suzanne Wise

*Lagniappe (lin-yapT, lano yapT) n. An extra or unexpected gift or benefit. [Louisiana French]

112 " Winter 2002

What Is It Like
to Be a Special Librarian at the
Center for Creative Leadership?

by Carol Avis Keck

wonder what itTs like to be a special librarian. Having worked in a special library
for 19 years, I was delighted to be asked to answer this question and to tell you a
little about the Center for Creative Leadership (CCL).

I f you work in a public, school, or academic library, you may occasionally

Definitions

Special library is a category given to libraries in companies, nonprofits, newspapers,
hospitals, law firms, associations, museums, and the like. Many special librarians say
that the only thing special libraries have in common with each other is that we
donTt have anything in common. Our collections and services, even our patrons,
vary greatly from library to library. Our collections and audiences tend to be more
specialized than those of a public or academic library. At the CCL, for example, the
collection focuses on leadership theory and research, industrial/organizational
psychology, human resources management, and adult education. We exist primarily
to serve the CCL staff, but participants in our educational programs may use our
materials while they are at the Greensboro headquarters for a program. To para-
phrase Elin Christianson, special libraries are distinguished from other libraries 1) by
their emphasis on the information function; 2) by where they are found; 3) by the
kinds or groups of people who use them or are served by them; 4) by limitations in
subject scope; 5) by a predominant characteristic of osmallness�; and 6) by the
presence of a professional librarian.!

The Center for Creative Leadership is a nonprofit, educational institution with a
worldwide reach. For more than three decades, the CCLTs mission has been to ad-
vance the understanding, practice, and development of leadership for the benefit of
society worldwide. CCL staff members conduct research, produce publications, and
provide programs, products, and educational experiences for leaders and organiza-
tions in all sectors of society. CCL research, for example, was instrumental in devel-
oping leadership theory about characteristics that support or derail individual ca-
reers. The Lessons of Experience: How Successful Executives Develop on the Job and many
other publications and components of our programs and products have built a foun-
dation for understanding leadership. Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Can Women Reach the
Top of AmericaTs Largest Corporations? was instrumental in developing the knowledge
base for women leaders. Research for the project led to the CCLTs WomenTs Leader-
ship Program and further research projects. Standing at the Crossroads: Next Steps for
High-achieving Women represents the latest in this line of research.?

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

The CCLTs educational programs are intensive, highly realistic learning experi-
ences. They focus on facilitating the participantTs self-awareness; improving his/her
ability to relate to others; and integrating approaches to work, family, and commu-
nity. Based on assessment, challenge, and support (a model that our research has
shown to produce desirable change), participants receive a confidential wealth of
information that can help them improve their leadership skills in an interactive
setting. Our models of practice, such as the assessment, challenge, and support
model, are summarized in The Center for Creative Leadership Handbook of Leadership
Development.? Since its establishment in 1970, the CCL has grown to include educa-
tional campuses in the United States in Colorado Springs and San Diego, and cam-
puses abroad in Brussels and Singapore. The CCL also has licensed associates around
the world approved to offer selected programs.

History of CCL's Special Library

The founders of the Center for Creative Leadership knew that if it was to be an
educational and research institution, it would need a library. They hired a profes-
sional librarian before the CCL was even built or named. Frank Freeman and a
handful of other staff worked downtown in the Greensboro offices of the
Richardson Foundation. Being able to shape the library and the collection from the
very beginning, he used technology to organize and share the libraryTs growing
collection with CCL staff. He was
the first person at CCL to have a
personal computer (an Apple) to
organize information, the first to
use a LAN, a local area network to
link library computers together so
that staff could update library
databases from their own PCs, and
the first person at CCL to develop
an Intranet to share the libraryTs
staff-created databases with all CCL
locations.

We now emphasize targeted
services and, like many special
libraries, are charged with proving
our value to the organization.
Through statistics, surveys, and
collecting user feedback, we moni-
tor our many proactive and respon-
sive services. Our collection con-
tains over 6,000 books, 140 periodi-
cals, and the CCL archives. What

Exterior of the Center for Creative Leadership. :
we do not proactively acquire, we

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

ie

can usually get as needed. We also provide a virtual library through our Intranet that
features 9 outside vendors (some full-text), approximately 22 databases created by
library staff (of which about 13 are for CCL staff use), and approximately 62 Web
pages. From our virtual and traditional services, staff members learn that the library
(now the Information Center) is the place to turn to if they need information.
Information Center staff members tailor these resources and services to anticipate
and provide the information needed to meet CCLTs changing goals.

Day to Day Life

The Information Center has a lovely new location in the latest addition to the
Greensboro campus. When we moved from the library to the Information Center in
1998, we gained a facility that is equipped with high-technology training and
conference rooms and PC stations, and is wired for laptops to accommodate partici-
pants and visiting staff. The Information Center is well located in a central position
on the second floor around the grand staircase above the lobby. Although the

Winter 2002 " 113

114 " Winter 2002

Information CenterTs primary mission is to serve the CCL, visitors may schedule
appointments to use our materials in-house, and we try to refer them to helpful
information if they call or write. While the location invites participants and
visitors to see how central research is to the CCLTs work, we are also experiencing
the same changes other types of libraries may be noticing. We receive a number of
our requests by phone or e-mail. E-mail and phone inquiries come from a range of
people outside CCL " everyone from undergraduates to company vice-presi-
dents " but mainly they are from CCL staff members.

The Information Center has a professional staff of four librarians, one parapro-
fessional, and a part-time library assistant. We serve over 500 staff enterprise-wide.
In a special library, as in many other small libraries, each librarian wears many
hats. Working in the context of a nonprofit with a dynamic mission also lends
variety to our role at CCL"and to many
concurrent projects. One day, we may be
working on the usability of our virtual
library databases. Another, we will be
gathering information for a cutting-edge
research project. Sometimes, the data
needed does not yet exist, and that is
useful information for our staff members
as well. From my position on the CCL
management team to each librarianTs
position in the CCL, we actively promote
our role as information consultants to the
organization. As a result, we are some-
times invited to serve on various commit-
tees or research projects from their
nascence, which is our goal.

Other services, such as alerting
services, can be offered with a personal
touch that may not be possible in other types of libraries. Knowing which subjects
people are interested in enables us to funnel information to them beyond the
automatic alerts we also offer. Much time is spent on collection development, and
there may be more collaboration with our clientele than one would find in other
types of libraries. Having a specialized collection enables Information Center staff
to develop in-depth content knowledge that puts us high on the learning curve of
what's available in our subject area. The librarian can develop wonderful skills in
quickly finding just the resources needed, although formats and vendors change.
The librarian indexes and abstracts books, articles, videos, and exercises in leader-
ship education for annotated bibliographies, online databases, and other projects.
All of these services, plus behind-the-scenes projects that make our services
possible, and on-demand projects such as literature searches, combine to give
special librarians the depth of knowledge to provide the CCL with the informa-
tion it needs to achieve its goals.

Information Center staff members also depend on a network of librarians in
other libraries to supplement our services. The breadth of knowledge and willing-
ness to help among the library community has been of tremendous help over the
years. We thank you for it, and are always glad to return the favor!

Staff appreciation at the Center for Creative Leadership has been rewarding. I
hope this aspect of day-to-day life is not limited to special librarians or to CCL.
The first year we celebrated International Special LibrariansT Day, the research staff
surprised us with a party and brought refreshments, a banner, and its apprecia-
tion. More recently, we have been credited with helping the CCL to gain a
$120,000 grant for a new research project. The Information Center has undoubt-
edly contributed to CCL educational programs, products, and publications over
the years in many ways, both acknowledged and not. Our goal is to continue

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

collaborating on future programs, products, and services as an integral part of this
educational institutionTs efforts.

Current Publications

If you would like to see some of the CenterTs current publications, visit
www.ccl.org and go to the Bookstore. You will also find our research published in
journals such as Harvard Business Review and Academy of Management Journal, and
a variety of other venues. Listed here are a few short, practical guidebooks for the
practitioner and in-depth analyses of our research written for the layperson.

Dalton, Maxine, Chris Ernst, Jennifer Deal, and Jean Leslie. Success for the New
Global Manager: What You Need to Know about Working Across Distances,
Countries, and Cultures. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2002.

Hart, E. Wayne, and Karen K. Miller. Using Your Executive Coach: An Ideas Into
Action Guidebook. Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership, 2001.

Livers, Ancella, and Keith Caver. Leading in Black and White: Working Across the
Racial Divide in Corporate America. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2002.

Martineau, Jennifer W., and Ellie Johnson. Preparing for Development: Making
The Most of Formal Leadership Programs: An Ideas Into Action Guidebook.
Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership, 2001.

Miller, Karen K., and E. Wayne Hart. Choosing an Executive Coach: An Ideas Into
Action Guidebook. Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership, 2001.

Palus, Charles, and David Horth. The LeaderTs Edge: Six Creative Competencies for
Navigating Complex Challenges. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2002.

Pulley, Mary Lynn, Michael Wakefield, and Ellen Van Velsor. Building Resiliency:
How to Thrive in Times of Change: An Ideas Into Action Guidebook. Greens-
boro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership, 2001.

Ruderman, Marian N., and Patricia J. Ohlott. Standing at the Crossroads: Next
Steps for High-achieving Women. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2002.

Sharpe, Davida, and Ellie Johnson. Managing Conflict with Your Boss: An Ideas

Into Action Guidebook. Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership,
2002.

References

! Elin Christianson et al., Special Libraries: A Guide for Management, 3rd edition
(Washington: Special Libraries Association, 1991), 1-2.

2 Morgan W. McCall, Michael M. Lombardo, and Ann M. Morrison, The
Lessons of Experience: How Successful Executives Develop on the Job (Lexington, MA:
Lexington Books, 1988); Ann M. Morrison, Randall P. White, and Ellen Van
Velsor, Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Can Women Reach the Top of AmericaTs Largest
Corporations? (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1987, 1992); Ruderman, Marian N.,
and Patricia J. Ohlott, Standing at the Crossroads: Next Steps for High-achieving
Women (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2002).

3 Cynthia D. McCauley, Russ S. Moxley, and Ellen Van Velsor, Editors, The
Center for Creative Leadership Handbook of Leadership Development (San Francisco:
Jossey-Bass; Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership).

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60 Winter 2002 " 119

ired to the

by Ralph Lee Scott

Computer Housekeeping

all is a good time to do housekeeping, both
around the house and with your computer. Some
basic things you can do to improve your
computerTs performance are deleting temporary
Internet files, removing old unused documents, using
system-cleanup tools, and cleaning up your desktop.
Making backups and system-restore disks are also im-
portant aspects of good computer housekeeping.

Cleaning temporary Internet files from your machine
will improve performance and at the same time protect
your computer from cookies installed by outside parties.
To clean temporary files in Internet Explorer, go to Tools:
Internet Options: General: oDelete Cookies�: oDelete
Files�: oClear History.� In Netscape, go to Edit: Prefer-
ences: Advanced: Cache: oClear Memory Cache�: oClear
Disk Cache.� Keep temporary Internet files to a mini-
mum. When you delete these temporary files, you will
remove any password that you have stored under the
oremember this password� option. This is actually a good
idea because it prevents hackers from searching your hard
disk for passwords.

Another basic piece of protection is a restore disk.
For PCs with Windows 98, go to Start: Programs: Acces-
sories: System Tools: Emergency Repair Disk. For PCs with
Windows 2000, open the Backup menu and selecting
from the Tools pull-down menu: Create an Emergency
Repair Disk. For Apple computers, you can just reinstall
the operating system software and your other files will
be fine.

Another important part of fall computer housekeep-
ing is to check and backup your document files. Delete
unused and outdated documents along with any drafts
no longer needed. Do this for all data files such as e-mail,
word processing files, spreadsheets, databases, and Web
pages. Make backup copies of important files now and do
it often in the future. You can save small files to floppies,
but for larger files burn a CD or use a Zip disk or tape
backup. To make a backup in Windows 2000, go to Start:
Programs: Accessories: Systems Tools: Backup. Follow the
directions for making the backup. For Apple computers,
you can purchase backup software or just drag and copy
the files to the additional backup media. Be sure to save
your bookmarks, address books, and other necessary files
on a floppy. While you are at it, clean up your desktop by

116 " Winter 2002

removing icons that you will never use again.

Using system-cleanup tools such as defragmenters
and disk clean-up tools can help keep your files in order.
In Windows 2000, you can find clean-up tools under
Start: Programs: Accessories: Systems Tools: Disk
Defragmenter: Disk Cleanup. Apple computer users can
find similar type programs under oDisk First Aid.� You
can also save space by compressing your data using a
program like WinZip. While you are compressing your
files, check the Event Viewer to note any problems your
computer is having. You can find the Event Viewer on
Windows 2000 machines by going to Start: Settings:
Control Panel: Administrative Tools: Event Viewer. Here
you will find the Application log, the Security log, and
the System log. These logs track most abnormal opera-
tions of your hardware and software and provide infor-
mation useful for troubleshooting problems.

Having effective virus-scanning software is very im-
portant to users of e-mail and the Internet. I check each
morning for virus file updates. Remember to set your
virus-scanning software to the highest level of security.
In Norton software, this highest level of security is
reached by clicking on the tab labeled oHeuristics.� Here
you can change the level of virus-scanning security from
high to low. Most anti-virus software will let you set what
happens to files with viruses in them at the time of check-
ing. Configure the software to first delete the virus, then,
as a second choice, quarantine the infection files. Often,
the default choice as to what happens is to quarantine,
rather than delete, allowing many infected files to re-
main on your computer. Always delete the infected files,
if possible. Scan your hard drives at least once a week
and check all floppies each time you insert them.

Making a backup not only of data files, but also of
system and application software will give you peace of
mind. It is also a good practice when you do your com-
puter housekeeping to make a new backup at that time
so that you will have a complete backup of everything
that can quickly be reinstalled should hardware or soft-
ware fail. Backups should be made at least weekly for
critical files. You might also think about off-site storage
for mission-critical files.

Just remember that the fall and spring are great times
to clean up your home"and donTt forget your computer!

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

a

Dorothy Hodder, Compiler

rancis Speight, born in Bertie County, North Carolina, origi-
nally took art lessons in hopes of being able to illustrate his
writings. However, he soon gave up writing to embark on an
artistic career that would span almost 70 years. He was joined
in a life devoted to painting by his student, and later wife,
Sarah Blakeslee. The Privilege to Paint tells their story.
Speight first studied art on weekends at Meredith College in Raleigh.
In 1920, he enrolled in the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in
Philadelphia. After completing his studies, he was hired by
the Academy as an instructor. The book gives an interest-

; ~i a : 2
Maurice C.York. ing account of traditional art education early in the

twentieth century. Speight remained a traditionalist

The Privilege To Paint: throughout his career, despite his occasional feeling that

modernism had perhaps rendered his work obsolete.

The Lives of Francis Speight Speight maintained a studio in Manayunk, an indus-
and Sarah Blakeslee trial area on the Schuykill River northwest of Philadelphia.

The modest homes, factories, and hillsides by the river

Greenville, NC: Greenville Museum of Art, 2002. served as inspiration for SpeightTs art. His work is compa-
146 pp. $34.95. ISBN 0-9713910-0-9. rable to that of Edward Hopper, but lacks HopperTs sad-

*The online issue incorrectly stated
that they had three children.

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

ness. SpeightTs bright colors and energetic brushwork

reveal a joy in ordinary life. After returning to Eastern

North Carolina, he painted landscapes of the countryside

surrounding Greenville and rendered an engaging view of
the East Carolina campus in between classes.

While teaching at the Country School of the Pennsylvania Academy
of Fine Arts, Speight met and taught Sarah Blakeslee, a talented painter.
They married in 1936 and had two children.* While Blakeslee painted
little while the children were young, after the children were grown she
returned fully to her profession. She became an in-demand portrait
painter, as well as painting landscapes and still lifes. Her work displays a
subtle palette and airy brushwork, which is shown to particularly good
effect in her still life painting.

Author Maurice C. York is a librarian at East Carolina University,
where Speight served as an artist-in-residence. York has degrees in history
and in library science from UNC-Chapel Hill, and is co-author of Our
Enduring Past: A Survey of 235 Years of Life and Architecture in Lincoln
County, North Carolina. The Privilege To Paint is a short but solidly re-
searched and well-written biography of Speight and Blakeslee, enhanced
by excellent color illustrations of the artistsT paintings. The book contains
a bibliography, index, and chronologies of the artistsT careers. This book is
highly recommended to libraries with strong visual art collections.

" Amy K. Weiss
Appalachian State University

Winter 2002 " 117

f you like a history book to inform and enlighten you, well-written
with outstanding illustrations, then this is a book for you. Cecelski,
already known for books about North CarolinaTs coast, has produced
a minor masterpiece. If you know a lot about North Carolina or black
history, this book will tell you about things you never guessed. If
you do not know much about North Carolina, this will be a good introduc-
tion about matters and an area little-known and a way of life little-appreci-

David S. Cecelski.
The WatermanTs Song:
Slavery and Freedom in

Maritime North Carolina.

Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.
304 pp. Cloth $39.95. ISBN 0-8978-2643-X. Paper
$17.95. ISBN 0-8978-4972-3.

ated. It is written with warm sympathy but no bathos.
The story itself, as with most African American his-
tory, can be dismaying, but must be relayed and re-
membered. Its importance for North Carolina collec-
tions goes beyond the range suggested by the title, as
it is an ecological as well as social, cultural, and politi-
cal history.

Cecelski, a professor at Duke University raised near
the coast, knows a lot about coastal life and history
and works this information into his narrative of black
life from early colonial times through Reconstruction.
He has a thorough grasp of the ever-expanding histo-
riography of black Americans, close familiarity with a
mass of archival documents and almost-forgotten
memoirs, and a keen sense of style. He makes use of
statistics but his stories are of individuals, often only
obliquely revealed in documentary fragments, that

Cecelski weaves together in an artful manner. If there is a fault, it is that he
hammers on his major themes - the forgotten importance and skills of blacks
in maritime North Carolina, and the social and political egalitarianism blacks
espoused and practiced " again and again. One wishes for a closer look at
potential class and color lines within African American society. Also one
should note that a version of the penultimate chapter appeared earlier in
David S. Cecelski and Timothy B. Tyson, eds, Democracy Betrayed: The
Wilmington Race Riot of 1898 and Its Legacy (Chapel Hill: University of North
Carolina Press, 1998).

The University of North Carolina Press has done its usual fine job but is
to be specially commended for the abundant illustrations and for including
Mike AlfordTs drawings of watercraft in the glossary. Although the book is
heavily footnoted, Cecelski does not cite David Stick. Those interested in a
more ecological look at todayTs coast will prefer David GriffithTs The EstuaryTs
Gift: An Atlantic Coast Cultural Biography (Pennsylvania State University Press,

1999).

Cecelski ties North Carolina blacks into a wider Atlantic and Carib-
bean culture. His book is an important corrective for the old vision that
African Americans had little knowledge of the wider world, few skills
beyond basic farming, and little opportunity to change things. Maritime
and coastal blacks, free and enslaved, lived and operated in a world that
often was very different from inland blacks. Their influence extended
along submarine lines of communication to plantation slaves otherwise
cut off from knowledge of their kin, sold or taken far away. Black sailors,
fishermen, pilots, stevedores, canal diggers, boatmen, and their families
faced tremendous obstacles that many overcame through diligence, craft,
and belief in themselves. This book will help ensure that their story in not
forgotten. High school as well as public and college libraries will want to
add it to their collections.

118 " Winter 2002

" Patrick M. Valentine
Wilson Public Library

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

4

hen one thinks of sports and North Carolina, college
basketball immediately comes to mind, followed
closely by stock car racing, golf, and football. Surpris-
ingly, baseball also has a long and rich history in the
Carolinas, dating from the Civil War. Chris Holaday is a
Durham resident and member of SABR (Society for American Baseball
Research) whose previous books on baseball include Professional Baseball
in North Carolina: An Illustrated City-by-City History, 1901-1996 (McFarland,
1998), winner of the 1998 The Sporting News-SABR Baseball Research
Award. In Baseball in the Carolinas he has gathered a dukeTs mixture of
writing celebrating the long affiliation of baseball with
the region. While the book covers both of the Caroli-

Chris Holaday, ed. nas, most of the essays deal with hardball in North

Baseball in the Carolinas: Carolina. The publisher, McFarland, has in recent years

made baseball a specialty of the house.

25 Essays on The authors included in the collection are all

baseball fans who have been involved with the game

the StatesT Hardball Heritage. in one way or another, from Termite League hero to
y

Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2002.

minor league president to baseball journalist. Their

192 pp. Paper, $21.00. ISBN 0-7864-1318-2 contributions primarily recall professional baseball"a

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

special season, the history of a team or league, a profile
of a player. The pieces vary in depth and quality, but
all help document the history of baseball in the
region.

The essay topics range from North Carolina natives
who played in the All-American Girls Baseball League to the history of
Durham Athletic Park. The cream of the collection for this reader was
oDiary of a Minor League Season� by Miles Wolff, a humorous account of
the first year of his ownership of the Durham Bulls franchise, and oThe
Cannon Street All-Stars� by Gene Sapakoff, the heart-wrenching story of a
Charleston, South Carolina, team from the first black Little League in the
state that was denied the chance to play in the 1955 Little League World
Series in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The oLet them play!� chant of the
crowd still haunts me. Also deserving special mention is an interview
with oCrash� Davis, the inspiration for the Kevin Costner character in the
film Bull Durham.

The reviewer has a bone to pick with Matthew EddyTs choice of
second basemen in oThe All-Time South Carolina Team.� How can you
ignore Bobby Richardson of Sumter, South Carolina? Richardson was the
quintessential second baseman with great range, sure hands, and the
ability to turn a double play. He started for the Yankees from 1959 to
1966, had a .266 career batting average as a model lead-off man, and
really came to the fore in post-season play, when he routinely got key hits
to win games. Author selections Willie Randolph and Del Pratt had solid
careers, but Richardson was a seven-time All-Star, won five consecutive
Gold Gloves, was named Most Valuable Player of the 1960 World Series,
and was second only to teammate Mickey Mantle in balloting for the
1962 American League MVP. Ah, well, such discussions eternally fuel the
Hot Stove League.

Baseball fans of all ages will enjoy this book, and any library collect-
ing North Carolina history should have a copy.

" Suzanne Wise
Appalachian State University

Winter 2002 " 119

arjorie HudsonTs book, Searching for Virginia Dare: A FoolTs
Errand, is the story of one personTs fascination with the truth
and legend that surrounds the oLost Colony� of Roanoke Island
and Virginia Dare, the first English child born in America.
Hudson crafts her book with a mixture of straight history and
historical fiction. She also shifts in time from the 16th century to the mid-1990s.
The author interweaves her own personal journey with
Virginia DareTs history and legacy. HudsonTs book, ostensi-
bly an investigation into a provocatively obscure historical
figure, quickly becomes a vehicle for the authorTs own quest
for self-discovery.
Marjorie Hudson. Hudson vividly depicts her exploration of small towns,
3 gy vary forests, and swamps as she searches for some remnant of
Sear ching For Vir gira Dare: Virginia Dare and other lost colonists. She hopes for archae-
7 ologists with new finds, historians with new facts, and
A Fool's Errand. storytellers with new interpretations. She seeks insight from

Wilmington, NC: Coastal Carolina Press, 2002. persons who now inhabit the proximity of the colony, share

173 pp. Cloth, $19.95. ISBN 1-928556-34-5 a surname, or supposedly descend from those early six-
teenth-century English settlers abandoned to a hostile and

alien continent. The author soon sees parallels between
Virginia DareTs life and her own. Each step into Virginia
DareTs history is an occasion for the author to reflect on her
own life, her childhood, her parents, and her early adulthood as a roving hippie.
The author feels she, like Dare, was lost at a young age, wandering though a kind of
wilderness, threatened by dangers on the road, plagued by uncertainty and the
unknown. Thus, this book is as much about ofinding Marjorie Hudson� as it is
about searching for Virginia Dare.

Hudson follows a number of threads, including the annual outdoor production
of Paul GreenTs drama, The Lost Colony, and the discovery of a gold ring near
Hatteras Island, believed by some to have belonged to one of the original colonists.
The author interviews historians and storytellers, including lebame houston (sic)
and Rosebud Fearing. She becomes fascinated with the circuitous journey of a
statue of Virginia Dare that almost perishes at sea only to reside finally in obscurity
(like Dare herself) within a lesser-known North Carolina park. She is drawn to Sallie
CottenTs* nineteenth-century dedication to Virginia DareTs place in history and
with CottenTs* story of the white doe that emerges as a metaphor for both Virginia
Dare and the author.

HudsonTs style of mixing history with personal autobiography in The Search for
Virginia Dare is reminiscent of a tradition of personal or confessional writing that
became popular with new journalists in the 1970s and the opersonal critics� of the
1990s. HudsonTs ambitions seem to be attuned to spiritual reflection. One feels
almost voyeuristic, as though looking into the diary notes of a writer who cannot
keep it separate from her field notes. All ends up in the book. HudsonTs writing
style is fluid and poetic. Those who are seeking a straightforward historical investi-
gation might be disappointed. Those who value the art of writing as well as sub-
stance will enjoy this ofoolTs errand.� Perhaps the only shortcoming is the need for
some editing of her long diversion into the Lumbee Indians.

This is Marjorie HudsonTs first book. Previously, her reputation has been linked
with publications of fiction and historical essays in Story and North Carolina Literary
Review, among others. The narrative of this book reflects this literary background.
Hudson provides chapter notes and a selected bibliography, but no indexing. The
book is a good purchase for large public libraries with North Carolina collections
and may be of interest to academic libraries in North Carolina and surrounding

eras : rapeae states.

qn ns isHe incorrectly spelle icientony Sishicon
; Appalachian State University

120 " Winter 2002 North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

Sh eee ee pe ee

light and airplanes in North Carolina equal the Wright brothers,
right? Well, think again. Thomas C. ParramoreTs First to Fly is not
just a history of the Wright brothersT exploits, it is a history of North
CarolinaTs love affair with heavier-than-air machines and all the
trappings that go with the machines.

First to Fly looks at ballooning, parachuting, helicopters, and
aeroplanes. It tells the story of Tiny Broadwick, the first
female to parachute from an airplane and the acci-
dental inventor of the ripcord. It describes the people

Thomas C. Parramore. surrounding the first mechanized flight, including Bill

. : Tate, the North Carolinian who made sure that we

First to Fly know about Orville and Wilbur Wright. It recounts

North Carolina and the first helicopter liftoff by North Carolinian Will-

; o Lat iam Luther Paul and details the exploits of North Caro-

the Beg: mmnings of Aviation. lina flyers in World War I France as part of the Lafayette

Simin ; Escadrille. The early movers and shakers in the air-

ill: f se
seat ies Bo a2 95 " ners plane business were North Carolinians, and Parramore
: PP. Paper $18.9 5. ISBN 0-8078-5 470-0. covers the good, the bad, and the ugly, including swin-

dlers like Dr. Christmas.

Parramore does an excellent job interweaving
quotes from newspapers, interview accounts, and other
primary source material, bringing his subjects to life for the reader. The book is
filled with photographs of these early aviators and diagrams and pictures of
their early aeroplanes, a bounty for the eye.

First to Fly is full of interesting facts that one would not ordinarily find in a
regular history book about flight. By focusing on North Carolinians, Parramore
gets to the obscure. His book arrives at an opportune time in North Carolina
history, as 2003 represents the Centennial anniversary of the Wright brothersT
historic flights.

This work has a bibliography and is well-indexed. It is easy to read, with
not too many technical terms to slow the reader down. The author is well-
versed in the history of North Carolina, having written many monographs on
its history and many articles for the North Carolina Historical Review. First to Fly
would be suitable for any public or academic library.

" Caroline Keizer
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Additional Items of Interest

Fiction:
Storyteller, musician, flute maker, and outdoor educator Hawk Hurst has
written The Story of the First Flute, based on an ancient Cherokee legend
about a boy named He Who Brings Trouble, who seeks refuge in the forest
from the disapprobation of his elders. The creatures of the forest give him a
unique gift that helps him grow into and understand his true self, and on his
return to his people he is renamed He Who Touches the Heart. Illustrated
with block prints and colored pencil by Lindley Sharp. (2001; Parkway

Publishers, Inc., P.O. Box 3678, Boone, NC 28607; 16 pp.; paper, $9.95; ISBN
1-887905-53-7.)

In Step Ball Change, action whirls through the Raleigh household of Tom and
Caroline like a fast-paced musical comedy. Tom works as a public defender
and Caroline runs a dance studio with help from live-in law student son
George, while tripping over the practically live-in contractors who are adding
a Florida room to the house and attempting to shore up its crumbling

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60 Winter 2002 " 12]

foundations. Then daughter Kay announces her engagement to the most
eligible young man in the city, but waffles over an old boyfriend while her
parents sweat over how to pay for a high society wedding. At the same time
CarolineTs sister Taffy moves in from Atlanta to escape a rotten husband, bring-
ing her obnoxious ankle-biting lapdog Stamp. Fortunately Woodrow the con-
tractor is more than a match for Taffy and Stamp, TaffyTs daughter whirls
through town in time to resolve KayTs ambivalence, and everyone dances
happily off the stage. Good writing and well-drawn, likeable characters make
this a delightful read about life in the new South. By Jeanne Ray, author of Julie
and Romeo. (2002; Shaye Areheart Books, 1540 Broadway, New York, New York
10036; 226 pp.; cloth, $22.95; ISBN 0-609-61003-1.)

North Carolina country music songwriter Billy Edd Wheeler has compiled jokes
from the likes of Vince Gill, Dolly Parton, Ralph Emery, Jimmy Dean, Charley
Pride, Mel Tillis, and a host of other country music personalities, and calls it
Real Country Humor. Dedicated to the memory of Chet Atkins, it includes chap-
ters on Drinking and Carousing, Religion, Show Business, Aging, Funny Coun-
try Songs, and more. (2002; August House Publishers, Inc., PO Box 3223, Little
Rock, AK 72203; 129 pp.; paper, $6.95; ISBN 0-87483-652-2.)

History:
With a lack of navigable waterways, accessible ports, and adequate roads con-
tributing to widespread indolence, poverty, and conservatism, the young state
of North Carolina was often called the oRip Van Winkle state.� Alan D. Watson,
professor of history at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington, de-
scribes the efforts of Archibald D. Murphey and others to obtain state funding
for improved transportation in his new book, Internal Improvements in Antebel-
lum North Carolina. He includes chapters on the development of roads, bridges,
inland navigation, canals, inlets, railroads, and steam navigation, as well as an
introduction, index, and extensive footnotes. (2002; Historical Publications
Section, Office of Archives and History, 4622 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC
27699-4622; 165 pp.; paper, $8.00 plus $4.52 shipping and handling; ISBN 0-
86526-300-0.)

Jenny Henderson of Wilmington has compiled a monumental reference book in
The North Carolina Filmography: Over 2000 Film and Television Works Made in the
State, 1905 through 2000. The book purports to list every film, documentary,
short, television program, newsreel, and promotional video which was filmed in
whole or part in North Carolina through 2000. Entries include alternate titles,
type of film, studio, cities, counties, scenes, comments, director, producer, co-
producer, executive producer, cinematographer, writer, music and casting
credits, additional crew, and cast. A list of resources and indexes of places and
personnel round out this useful volume. (2002; McFarland & Company, Inc.,
Publishers, Box 611, Jefferson, NC 28640; 272 pp.; paper, $49.95; ISBN 0-7864-
1294-1.)

Now available: Addresses and Public Papers of James Baxter Hunt Jr., Governor of
North Carolina, vol III 1993-1997, edited by Jan-Michael Poff. The volume
includes 254 speeches and press releases selected from more than 1,800 issued
during the third term of the stateTs longest-serving chief executive. (2002;
Historical Publications Section, Office of Archives and History, 4622 Mail Service
Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-4622; 716 pp.; cloth, free to the public with $4.00
shipping and handling; ISBN 0-86526-289-6.)

Ghosts and Gore:
Former librarian Linda Duck Tanenbaum and Barry McGee visited 21 haunted

sites between Charlotte and the Triangle, interviewed the hauntees, and told
their stories in Ghost Tales from the North Carolina Piedmont. Many of the tales

122 " Winter 2002 North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

Be ei aa i ae ae ee ange ce ee

have never been published before, making this an indispensable purchase for
public libraries. (2002; Bandit Books, P.O. Box 11721, Winston-Salem, NC
27116-1721; 116 pp.; paper, $12.95; ISBN 1-78177-13-3.)

Murder for Breakfast: The True Story of Alma Petty Gatlin and the Preacher who
Betrayed Her is Phil LinkTs account of a case that shook Reidsville, North Caro-
lina, in 1928. Twenty-year-old Alma had confessed to a minister that she had
murdered her father with an axe as he sat at the breakfast table, but denied it
when he went to the police with her story. Link, who was 11 at the time,
watched police dig up the body when they finally found it buried beneath the
coal pile in the cellar of the family home. (2002; Down Home Press, P.O. Box
4126, Asheboro, NC 27204; distributed by John F. Blair, Publisher, 1406 Plaza
Dr., Winston-Salem, NC 27103; 185 pp.; paper, $14.95; ISBN 1-878086-94-4.)

The Ballad of Tom Dula, by John Foster West, originally published in the 1970s
by Moore Publishing Company of Durham, is back in print. (2002; Parkway

Publishers, Inc., P.O. Box 3678, Boone, NC 28607; 212 pp.; paper, $14.95; ISBN
1887905553.)

Ben Wofford has written a olighthearted detective story dressed in bib overalls�
titled Uncle HenryTs Ghost, set in Catawba County in 1933. Uncle Henry sets out
to debunk the local superstition that a ghost guards a cache of money at an
abandoned roadhouse near the site of an unsolved murder, and his nephew sets
out to find the money. (2002; Parkway Publishers, Inc., P.O. Box 3678, Boone,
NC 28607; 212 pp.; paper, $14.95; ISBN 1887905588.)

Consider the Eel is part natural history, part cookbook, by Richard Schweid,
whose previous books studied catfish, hot peppers, and cockroaches. He trav-
eled the globe to delve into the murky subject of eels, stopping in North Caro-
lina, New Jersey, Spain, Northern Ireland, England, and Japan. Touted as the
first book for adults on freshwater eels, the book includes a bibliography and

index. (2002; University of North Carolina Press, P.O. Box 2288, Chapel Hill,
NC 27515-2288; 181 pp.; cloth, $24.95; ISBN 0-8078-2693-6.)

Wars and Rumors of Wars:

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

Ben Wofford and William Richard White collaborated on The Marine: A
Guadalcanal Survivor's Final Battle. Marine telephone wireman Bill White spent
five months on Guadalcanal in 1942, laying and repairing telephone wires
while under attack from land, air, and sea. Fifty-some years later, while living in
North Carolina, he developed cancer and met Dr. Ben Wofford, a Navy veteran
who had served in the Pacific during World War II and the Korean War. After
WhiteTs death in 1997, Wofford was moved to write this account of his friend
and patientTs courageous struggles against war and terminal illness. (2002; Naval
Institute Press, 291 Wood Rd., Annapolis, MD 21402-5034; 162 pp.; cloth,
$28.95; ISBN 1-55750-880-1.)

Huey Earl Tyra of Gastonia memorializes an uncle who was killed in action in
Germany in 1944, in Love Always, Ben. Born in Alabama, Pfc. Ben EF. Strickland
was a 22-year-old infantryman when he died. (2002; P&H Publications, P.O. Box
550669, Gastonia, NC 28055-0669; 248 pp.; paper, $19.95; ISBN 0-9719635-4-1.)

Frances H. Casstevens evaluates the performance of ClingmanTs Brigade in the
Confederacy, 1862-1865. Despite a lack of formal training, Brigadier General
Clingman was entrusted with four regiments and the task of defending eastern
North Carolina from Federal troops. His military career has been largely ig-
nored, by his contemporaries and by later historians. This book examines
Clingman himself, each of his four regiments, and the battles they engaged in.
Appendices include ClingmanTs two order books, a roster of his officers, miscel-
laneous letters, a bibliography, and index. (2002; McFarland & Company, Inc.,

Winter 2002 " 127

Publishers, Box 611, Jefferson, NC 28640; 253 pp.; cloth, $45.00; ISBN 0-
7864-1300-X.)

Howard Eugene Alley speculates on the fate of forbear Cornelia Nelson in
Presumed Dead: A Civil War Mystery. It is known that Yankee marauders raided
the Cashiers Valley home of Col. John Alley four months after the war
supposedly ended. Supposed remains of John AlleyTs niece Cornelia were
found on a mountain trail, but her fate was never known, and Howard Alley
(great-grandson of John) conceives of a heartbreaking romance between
North and South. (2002; Bright Mountain Books, Inc., 206 Riva Ridge Dr.,
Fairview, NC 28730; 241 pp.; ISBN 0-914875-36-1.)

Created to Be Free is Juanita Patience MossTs historical novel, loosely based on
the life of Crowder Pacien, an ancestor who in 1863, at the age of 17, es-
caped from slavery and enlisted in the Union Army. Unusual as an identifi-
able black man serving in an all-white regiment, Pacien was garrisoned at
Plymouth, North Carolina, and, according to records oapparently escaped
capture at the battle of Plymouth� (April 17-20, 1864), in which most of the
Union soldiers were either killed or captured and sent to Andersonville
Prison in Georgia. Pacien was mustered out of the army at Harrisburg,
Pennsylvania, eventually met a young mulatto obound girl,� married, settled
in northeastern Pennsylvania, and reared eight children. How their isolation
from others of their race affected each of the children, and what they each
accomplished, rounds out the story. (2001; Willow Bend Books, 65 East Main
St. Westminster, MD 21157-5026; 398 pp.; paper, $30.00; ISBN: 1-58549-704-5.)

Jerry Bledsoe brings the Civil War into present day in Death by Journalism?
One Teacher's Fateful Encounter with Political Correctness. In 1997, Jack Perdue
was recruited to teach an evening continuing education class on the Late
Unpleasantness at the Archdale campus of Randolph Community College. A
perhaps deliberately sensational write-up by the county reporter for the
Greensboro News & Record was picked up by the national networks, and the
story ran for months. The reporter was put on probation, the course was
canceled, and Perdue died of a heart attack in the midst of the controversy.
(2002; Down Home Press, P.O. Box 4126, Asheboro, NC 27204; distributed by
John EF Blair, Publisher, 1406 Plaza Dr., Winston-Salem, NC 27103; 241 pp.;
cloth, $24.95; ISBN 1-878086-93-6.)

Laws:
North Carolina Child Support Statutes is a new publication by John L. Saxon,

compiling statutory provisions governing civil and criminal actions for child
support, establishment of paternity, interstate child support enforcement,
and the child support enforcement program. Along with a number of other
useful Institute of Government publications, it is available in PDF format at
https://iogpubs.iog.unc.edu. (2002; Institute of Government, CB#3330
Knapp Building, UNCCH, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3330; 202 pp.; paper,
$35.00; ISBN 1-56011-411-8.)

Open Meetings and Local Governments in North Carolina: Some Questions and
Answers, is available in a newly revised 6th edition, by David M. Lawrence.
Originally published in 1976, the latest previous update was in 1998. The 6th
edition reflects two new decisions by the North Carolina Court of Appeals
that address closed sessions under the attorney-client privilege and the
minimum content of closed session minutes and general accounts. The
author has also expanded coverage on unchanged provisions of the law,
answering the questions he receives most frequently in his area of expertise.
(2002; Institute of Government, CB#3330 Knapp Building, UNCCH, Chapel
Hill, NC 27599-3330; 63 pp.; paper, $14.00; ISBN 1-56011-416-9.)

124 " Winter 2002 North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

ate RSS CE cette PONE ae PON gs ter eS Ps einen Se RS

NortTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
MINUTES OF THE EXECUTIVE BOARD
Friday, July 19, 2002

Charles W. Chestnutt Library, Fayetteville State University
Fayetteville, North Carolina

Attending: Ross Holt, Pauletta Brown Bracy, Martha Davis, Diane Kester, Robert Canida,
Vanessa Work Ramseur, Robert James, Irene Laube, Sandy Cooper, Peggy Quinn,

Dale Cousins, Peggy Hoon, Sherwin Rice, Evelyn Council, Carol Laing, Elizabeth Laney,
Sheila Little, Jerry Thrasher, Patrick Valentine, Al Jones, Terry Brandsma, Jan Blodgett,

Joline Ezzell, Jennie Hunt, Robert Burgin, Paula Hinton, Sue Williams, Mark Pumphrey,
John Via, Beverley Gass, Caroline Walters.

(Full reports from the President, Treasurer, Leadership Institute, Community and Junior
College Libraries Section, Documents Section, Library Administration and Management
Section, Public Library Section, Reference and Adult Services Section, Round Table on the
Status of Women in Librarianship, Technology and Trends Round Table, Commission on the
Future of Libraries and the Book, Development/Endowment Committee, Governmental
Relations Committee, Intellectual Freedom Committee, Literacy Committee, Membership

Report, Operations Committee, Scholarships Committee can be accessed from
http://www.nclaonline.org/ExBd/meetings/agenda/mtg020719 .)

Call to Order and Welcome: President Ross Holt called
the meeting to order at 10:15 a.m. Evelyn Council and
Director Bobby Wynn welcomed the NCLA Executive

Board to the Fayetteville State University Library and
encouraged board members to visit the rest of the library.

Minutes, April 19, 2002, Meeting: With three correc-
tions noted, the minutes of the April 19, 2002, NCLA

Executive Board Meeting were approved.

PresidentTs Report: ;
President Ross Holt asked Irene Laube to introduce the

new NCLA Administrative Assistant Caroline Walters.
President Holt welcomed Walters, and thanked Cathy
Rocco for the work she did as interim Administrative
Assistant. Walters will be available in the NCLA office
between 9:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m., Monday through
Friday.

Holt also encouraged Board members to look at the
new NCLA Web site (http://www.nclaonline.org) that
Bao-Chu Chang has just made available. It features the
same photographs as those on the portable NCLA display.

President Holt explained that in May, the State
Library proposed a partnership with NCLA to lobby for
NC LIVE and for state aid to public libraries because a
large portion of state aid to public libraries was cancelled

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

for May and June. The NCLA Executive Committee made
the decision to contribute $5,000 to the effort, while the
State Library contributed $5,000. Regular reports of work
done by Capital Strategies, the lobbying group, are being
submitted to President Holt. The NCLA Public Library
Section contributed $500 towards the $5,000. At this
time, NC LIVE seems to be out of danger, but state aid to
public libraries is still in jeopardy.

As decided on April 19, President Holt has appointed
members to a Fundraising Liaison Committee who will
coordinate the solicitation of corporate contributions for
all NCLA needs. Diane Kester (Treasurer) will serve as
chairperson of this committee. Other members are
Elizabeth Laney (Development Committee), Sue Darden
Williams (Scholarship Committee), Tim Daniels (Leader-
ship Institute Committee), and a member of Conference
Exhibits yet to be appointed. Any other NCLA group that
plans to seek outside funding should send a representa-
tive to this committee.

To assist the Fundraising Liaison Committee, Presi-
dent Holt has appointed a Vendor Liaison Council to
advise and assist any NCLA group that might benefit
from vendor input. Members so far are Chris Egan of
UNC Press, Craig Flansburg of Gale Research, Scott
McCausland of Epixtech, Merrill Smith of EBSCO, and
Anne Waters of John F. Blair.

Winter 2002 " 129

TreasurerTs Report:

Treasurer Diane Kester reviewed current NCLA assets. The
settlement from the bonding company, 100% return on
taxes from the state, and membership renewals are restor-
ing the NCLA budget to a healthy state.

OLD BusINEss
Archives:
In the absence of chair Jean Rick, President Holt reported
that the Archives Committee has written a policy for the
requested changes in the retention schedule and has
more specifically defined what pages of the NCLA Web
site are to be archived. The old NCLA Web site on
Mindspring was saved to a CD and archived before it was
taken down to make way for the new Web site.

Commission on Charter/Home Schools:

Vice-President Pauletta Brown Bracy reviewed the find-
ings of a survey of the 100 charter schools as to the
existence of library media centers, certified media coordi-
nators, collections, and library instruction. Public librar-
ies were also surveyed as to services to charter school
students and related issues. Discussion ensued about what
library professionals expect from charter schools and
what can be done to assist them in developing school
media programs. Using the survey and discussion, the
members of the Commission on Charter/Home Schools
will write a position statement(s) directed to the follow-
ing audiences to raise awareness of the issues and prob-
lems: 1) NC Legislature, 2) charter schools, 3) NC library
professionals. The statement will be presented at the
October 18, 2002, Board Meeting.

Finance Committee:

Acting on the proposal made by this committee at the
April 19, 2002, Board Meeting, Patrick Valentine made a
motion that NCLA committees submit budgets to the
Finance Committee beginning with the 2003-05 bien-
nium so that NCLA finances can be better managed.
Paula Hinton seconded the motion. With a friendly
amendment to include NCLA commissions, the motion
passed without opposition.

Governmental Relations:

Chair Peggy Hoon reported that six NCLA members
attended the American Library Association (ALA)Ts
National Library Legislative Day. They visited thirteen of
the fourteen Congressional offices with messages focus-
ing on funding, LSTA, protection of fair use, and access to
government information. The delegates also hosted a
luncheon in the Rayburn Office Building for representa-
tives, senators, and their staffs.

President Holt read the recent lobbying agreement
between the State Library, NCLA, and Capital Strategies.
Capital Strategies has been reporting its activities on
behalf of this effort on a regular basis. Even though the
focus was on public library funding as well as NC LIVE,
Ross felt that this was a good opportunity to raise some
political awareness so that NCLA can lobby for support

126 " Winter 2002

for other issues later.

Jerry Thrasher presented a proposal outlining reasons
for making a lobbyist a fundamental part of NCLA. He
urged that the NCLA Board consider a motion to approve
the concept of hiring a NCLA lobbyist for the association,
and that an ad hoc committee or task force be established
to explore and make recommendations to the NCLA
Board on how best to accomplish this task. Patrick
Valentine made a motion to establish a task force to
explore issues of hiring a paid NCLA lobbyist to lobby for
library interests in the state. The motion, seconded by
Joline Ezzell, passed without opposition. Members of this
task force are to be Peggy Hoon (Chair), Robert James,
Sandy Cooper, Beverley Gass, Jerry Thrasher, a member of
the Finance Committee, and possibly an official represen-
tative from the North Carolina Public Library Directors
Association (NCPLDA).

Intellectual Freedom Committee:

Relative to a request at the last Board meeting that NCLA
make a contribution to ALA to help fund legal action
against the ChildrenTs Internet Protection Act (CIPA), a
check for $1,000 was issued to the ALA prior to its July 1,
2002, deadline.

Chair Michael Sawyer reported on the court ruling on
CIPA, repercussions from the USA Patriot Act, and one
challenge which occurred at Henderson County Public
Library.

Leadership Institute:

Chair Robert James reported that contributions from the
private sector for the Leadership Institute are not going as
well as hoped due to the economy. To date, DEMCO, has
contributed $500 and LexisNexis has contributed $100.
Additionally, seven NCLA sections and round tables have
contributed $3,100 to the effort. Robert has asked
Catherine Wilkinson if the Leadership Institute can apply
for a program grant.

Robert shared preliminary results of the Institute
CommitteeTs survey of past Institute participants to
determine: 1) the impact of attendance on participantsT
NCLA involvement, 2) increased responsibility in their
library, and 3) confidence in leadership skills. The re-
sponse has been very positive.

Marketing and Publications:
This committee will have new logo designs for the NCLA
Executive Board to review at the October meeting.

State Library Report:

State Librarian Sandy Cooper used several handouts to
explain the Library Services Technology Act (LSTA) and
how it is administered in North Carolina, list the numer-
ous grants and projects that have been funded in North
Carolina in 2002-2003, review the 2002-2003 Statewide
Leadership Project Plan"oLibraries: The Very Best Place
to Start,� and describe the relationship between NCLA
and the State Library. Cooper said that NCLA has assisted
the State Library to move quickly to expend monies to

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

| ESB RA een cs Cane emer ces uetinee Men a eg Naa a MR rE Ne aA Ton SS slice viper ca ence tee) URE NINES ne Sel eh Liane

get projects completed. The NCLA Office has assisted
with Stakeholder Planning, NC Libraries Building Com-
munities Project, Hispanic Services Project, Planning
Project for Powerful Partners, The Very Best Place to Start,
and several others. NCLA has recently partnered with the
State Library to hire Capital Strategies to lobby for NC
LIVE and restoration of state aid to public libraries.

SECTION/ROUND TABLE REPORTS
ChildrenTs Services Section:
Vice-Chair Carol Laing said that the ChildrenTs Services
Section plans a Fall retreat.

College and University Libraries Section: No report.

Community and Junior College Libraries Section:
Chair Peggy Quinn reported that this section and the
North Carolina Preservation Consortium (NCPC) are
sponsoring a workshop named oLibrary Disaster Plan-
ning� on Friday, August 9, 2002, at Craven Community
College in New Bern. CJCLS donated $250 towards a
registration for the Leadership Institute, and continues to

work on revitalization of this section.

Documents Section:
Chair Paula Hinton reported that Eileen G. Brown from

the William Madison Randall Library, UNC-Wilmington,
will serve the remainder of this biennium as Documents

Section Vice-Chair.

Library Administration and Management Section:
Dale Cousins shared that this section has discussed
preliminary plans for a series of off-conference year
workshops/forums on topics such as public relations and

customer service during otight� budget times.

North Carolina Association of School Librarians:
Chair Al Jones expressed the hope that a school librarian
will volunteer to serve as Vice-Chair during this bien-
nium and to help plan events for the 2003 NCLA Bien-
nial Conference. He and Diane Kester attended the AASL
Affiliate Assembly along with Karen Gavigan and Rusty
Taylor representing the North Carolina Media Associa-
tion. NCASL has to have twenty-five members or 10% of
its membership who are also AASL members in order to

send delegates to the AASL Affiliate Assembly.

North Carolina Public Library Trustee Association:
No report.

Public Library Section: soi;
Chair Patrick Valentine reported that the Public Library

Section Planning Board has voted to pay travel expenses
for State Library employees to attend PLS meetings and
programs they are invited to attend. The Board also voted

to contribute $500 to the library lobbying effort this
summer and $600 towards a registration for the Leader-
ship Institute. Amy English from the Randolph County

Public Library is the new PLS Web master.

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

Reference and Adult Services Section:

Chair Joline Ezzell reported that this section plans a pro-
gram in Spring 2003, possibly on managing the online ref-
erence interview. RASS has designed a new brochure for the
section, which is being printed. It will be mailed to former
section members, and distributed at section activities and
NCLA biennial conferences. RASS will co-sponsor a fall
workshop on oSpread the Word: Exhibits and Outreach�
with the Round Table on Special Collections.

Resources and Technical Services Section:

Chair Evelyn Council reported that this section plans a
conference call meeting to discuss workshops to be held
during the biennium.

New Members Round Table:

Chair Jennie Hunt described plans for a obig adventure�
visit to interesting library collections in the Raleigh area.
The trip is planned for October 11 or 18, 2002, and
registration will be very affordable.

North Carolina Library Paraprofessional Association:
Sheila Little, representing this section in Chair Linda
HearnTs absence, said that this section will sponsor a
workshop on October 7, 2002.

Round Table for Ethnic Minority Concerns: No report.

Round Table on Special Collections:

Chair Jan Blodgett reported that this section is co-
sponsoring a Fall workshop with the Reference and Adult
Services Section.

Round Table on Status of Women in Librarianship:
Board members of this section are working on plans for
an upcoming workshop, oEffective Presentations to 1 or
1,000,� to be presented by Dr. Arabelle Fedora in Win-
ston-Salem on September 27.

Technology and Trends Round Table:
Chair Terry Brandsma reported that plans for a full-day
workshop/mini-conference on uses of technology and

creative problem solving using technology are pending
location of a facility with available dates.

CommiTTEE REPORTS
Annual Conference Study:

Chair John Via shared a preliminary report outlining the
advantages and reservations of having annual confer-
ences and President Holt opened the floor to discussion.
Comments included:

- ALA is in favor of annual state conferences.

" Two big issues are whether or not the vendors would
support annual conferences and if an annual conference
is really better than the ooff-year� workshops and pro-
grams presented by the sections and round tables.

"a number of organizational changes such as the two-
year term of office and responsibility of the Vice-Presi-
dent to plan an annual conference.

Winter 2002 " 127

" Small annual conferences might offer more choice for
location.

" Staff members can attend the ooff-year� workshops but
could not be spared to attend a three-day conference.
Suggestions for further research by this committee were:

" Project a model for an annual conference.

" Talk to several state library organizations which have
annual conferences.

" Draft possible by-law changes with the assistance of the
Constitution, Codes, and Handbook Committee.

Conference Committee:

Vice-President and Chair Pauletta Brown Bracy said that NCLA
currently needs to find a location and sign a contract for
the 2005 conference. Bracy made a motion that the NCLA
Executive Board select Winston-Salem for the 2005 confer-
ence. Vanessa Work Ramseur seconded the motion, which
passed without opposition.

Commission on the Future of Libraries and the Book:
Chair Robert Burgin reported that the Commission held
its first meeting on July 15 to review its charge and decide
on options for the product of its work. The decision was
made to gather information from a literature review and
from input from three audiences statewide"librarians,
the public, and funders/power brokers. The results of the
current literature research will be discussed at the next
meeting of this commission.

Constitution, Codes and Handbook Revision: No report.
Continuing Education: No report.

Development:

Chair Elizabeth Laney said that this committee is open to
suggestions for implementing the increase of the Endow-
ment Fund. The Fund currently has 65 donors and a total
of $21,202.23. The goal is to have a total of $100,000 in
the endowment by 2004, the NCLA Centennial.

Literacy:

Chair Mark Pumphrey reported that this committee has
been planning for its October 4 workshop entitled oLibrar-
ies, Literacy and English as a Second Language� to be held
at the Glenwood Branch of the Greensboro Public Library.

Membership:

Robert Canida has recently received corrections to the
new membership brochure now being developed. Com-
mendations go to Teresa Wehrli, who is doing the new
membership brochure while on maternity leave.

Nominating:
Chair Beverley Gass will consult with President Holt on se-
lection of members for the Nominating Committee.

Operations:

Chair Irene Laube reported that a new Dell Inspiron
laptop has been purchased for the NCLA Office. The ex-
isting leased Dell laptop was purchased for the use of the

128 " Winter 2002

NCLA treasurer. A laser printer may be purchased later.
Since Cathy Rocco decided to leave by the end of June,
the position of NCLA Administrative Assistant was adver-
tised with 100 inquires made by potential candidates and
20 applications received. Four candidates were inter-
viewed on June 28, resulting in the hiring of Caroline
Walters as the new Administrative Assistant. Network
cable is being run to the NCLA Office today to provide a
faster network connection.

Scholarships:

Chair Sue Williams reported that there were only four
complete applications for scholarships this year and that
no one applied for the McLendon Student Loan. Pending
the final verification of candidatesT enrollment in a gradu-
ate library school program, a person has been selected to
receive the Appalachian Scholarship for $1000 and one to
receive the NCLA Memorial Scholarship for $750.

OTHER REPORTS
ALA Councilor:
Councilor Vanessa Work Ramseur presented a report
outlining the major actions of the ALA Council at the
2002 Annual Conference in Atlanta, June 13-19. The
report includes 9 important ALA Web sites and dates for
various 2002-2004 ALA-related conferences.

SELA:

John Via, NCLA representative to SELA, reminded the
Board of the SELA Conference in Charleston on October
23-25, 2002. There will be a pre-conference presented by
the African American Issues Round Table. Via plans to do
a program on new library buildings in the southeast.

NEw Business
North Carolina Libraries:
Editor Al Jones reported that the first electronic issue of
North Carolina Libraries is the Spring/Summer 2002 issue
with the second issue to be out in the fall. The journal is
now free and linked to the NCLA Web site. Jones asked
the Executive Board to think about how the owho� and
the ohow� of placing advertisements into the print
cumulative edition of the journal. President Holt will
consider appointing a subcommittee under Marketing
and Publications to address these issues.

ANNOUNCEMENTS/OTHER BUSINESS
eFifty-one dollars ($51) was collected at the NCLA
Executive Board Meeting for the Endowment Fund.
*Bob Martin was suggested as a speaker for the NCLA
Centennial Conference as he did his dissertation on Louis
Round Wilson, the founder.of NCLA.
eThe next NCLA Executive Board meeting will be held at
Davidson College on October 18, 2002.

The meeting adjourned at 3:07 p.m.
Respectfully submitted,
Martha Davis, Secretary
Approved by the NCLA Executive Board, October 18, 2002

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

eo eS ee

Index to North Carolina Libraries

Volume 60, 2002

Cross-reference to pages and issues:

" Compiled by Michael Cotter

Pp. 1-43: Spring/Summer 2002; pp. 44-82: Fall 2002; pp. 83-128: Winter 2002

About the Authors. 25, 59, 111
ACRL from the Inside: An Interview
with Recent ACRL President Mary

Reichel, by Suzanne Wise. 65-68

Addresses and Public Papers of James

Baxter Hunt, Jr., Governor of North

Carolina, vol. Ill, 1993-1997, edited

by Jan-Michael Poff. Review. 122

Alley, Howard Eugene. Presumed
Dead: A Civil War Mystery. Review.
124

Anonymisers, by Ralph Lee Scott. 30

Association of College and Research

Libraries.

Wise, Suzanne. ACRL from the In-
side: An Interview with Recent
ACRL President Mary Reichel. 65-
68

Baker, Sharlene, ed. Racing Home: New
Stories by Award-Winning North
Carolina Writers. Book review by
Angela Leeper. 36

The Ballad of Tom Dula, by John Fos-
ter West. Reprinted ed. noted. 123

Baseball in the Carolinas: 25 Essays on
the StatesT Hardball Heritage, ed. by
Chris Holaday. Book review by
Suzanne Wise. 119

Bathanti, Joseph. A Catechism of

Books. 4-10

Beam, Jeffery, reviewer. See So Turn
the Years.

Bender, Margaret. Signs of Cherokee
Culture: SequoyahTs Syllabary in East-
ern Cherokee Life. Book review by
Shannon Tennant. 70-71

Benedetti, Susannah, reviewer. See
Gold in History, Geology and Culture:

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

Collected Essays.
Bibliographies.

Library and Information Science
Research 1999-2001: A Bibliogra-
phy of MasterTs Papers from the
University of North Carolina
School of Information and Li-
brary Science. 26-27

Library and Information Science
Research 2001: A Bibliography of
MasterTs Papers from the Univer-
sity of North Carolina School of
Information and Library Science.
110-111

Library and Information Science
Research 2002: A Bibliography of
MasterTs Papers from the Univer-
sity of North Carolina School of
Information and Library Science.
60-64

Biographical Information.

About the Authors. 25, 59, 111

Blackwell, Michael C. A Place for

Miracles: Baptist ChildrenTs Homes of

North Carolina. Book review by

Beverly Tetterton. 35

Bledsoe, Jerry. Death by Journalism?
One Teacher's Fateful Encounter with
Political Correctness. Review. 124

Blowing Rock Historical Society. Post
Cards of Historic Blowing Rock. Book
review by Beverly Tetterton. 33

Book Reviews.

Hodder, Dorothy, comp. North
Carolina Books (column). 31-38,
70-76, 117-124

Bradburn, Frances Bryant.

Jones, Plummer Alston oAl�, Jr.
Passing the Torch: Reminiscences
with Frances Bryant Bradburn,

Editor Emerita, North Carolina
Libraries, 1985-2002. 11-13
Photograph of Frances Bryant
Bradburn. 13
Breaking Loose Together: The Regulator
Rebellion in Pre-Revolutionary North
Carolina, by Marjoleine Kars. Book
review by Caroline Keizer. 37

Captain Blakeley and the Wasp: The
Cruise of 1814, by Stephen W. H.
Duffy. Book review by John Welch.
SE

The Case for Digitizing Fiction with
History, by Nancy Patterson Shires.
46-52

Casstevens, Frances H. ClingmanTs Bri-
Sade in the Confederacy, 1862-1865.
Review. 123-124

A Catechism of Books, by Joseph
Bathanti. 4-10

Cecelski, David S. The WatermanTs
Song: Slavery and Freedom in Mari-
time North Carolina. Book review by
Patrick M. Valentine. 118

Center for Creative Leadership.
Keck, Carol Avis. What Is It Like to

Be a Special Librarian at the Cen-
ter for Creative Leadership? 112-
dds,

Exterior and interior photographs
(pics.). 113, 114

Charter/Home Schools.

North Carolina Library Association.
Commission on Charter/Home
Schools. NCLA Executive Board
discussion. 80

a 2 REDO ae

Church, L. Teresa, reviewer. See Wait-
ing for the Trout to Speak.

Winter 2002 " 129

Click, Patricia C. Time Full of Trial:
The Roanoke Island FreedmanTs
Colony, 1862-1867. Book review by
Allan Scherlen. 35

ClingmanTs Brigade in the Confederacy,
1862-1865, by Frances H.
Casstevens. Review. 123-124

Computer Housekeeping, by Ralph
Lee: Scott. 116

Consider the Eel, by Richard Schweid.
Review. 123

Created to Be Free, by Juanita Patience
Moss. Review. 124

Cyber-Fundraising and North Caro-
lina Public Libraries, by Timothy C.
Hunter. 103-109

Davis, Martha. See North Carolina
Library Association. Executive
Board. Minutes.

Death by Journalism? One TeacherTs
Fateful Encounter with Political Cor-
rectness, by Jerry Bledsoe. Review.
124

Digital Texts.

Shires, Nancy Patterson. The Case
for Digitizing Fiction with His-
tory. 46-52

Driver #8, by Dale Earnhardt, Jr., with
Jade Gurss. Book review by
Suzanne Wise. 73

Duffy, Stephen W. H. Captain Blakeley
and the Wasp: The Cruise of 1814.
Book review by John Welch. 31

Earnhardt, Dale, Jr., with Jade Gurss.
Driver #8. Book review by Suzanne
Wise. 73

Electronic Mail.

Scott, Ralph Lee. Anonymisers. 30
. Get a Handle on Spam. 69

Electronic Texts.

Shires, Nancy Patterson. The Case
for Digitizing Fiction with His-
tory. 46-52

Fiction.

Shires, Nancy Patterson. The Case
for Digitizing Fiction with His-
tory. 46-52

First to Fly: North Carolina and the Be-

ginnings of Aviation, by Thomas C.

Parramore. Book review by

Caroline Keizer. 121

Foundations that give in North Caro-
lina and give to educational and
cultural institutions, but not spe-
cifically to North Carolina libraries

(table). 22-24

From Manteo to Murphy: Young
Adult Historic Fiction Set in North

130 " Winter 2002

Carolina, by Pat McGee. 53-59
From the Editor (column by
Plummer Alston oAl� Jones, Jr.).
A Community of Practice. 84
LoveTs Labor Reconsidered. 2
Unity v. Diversity: The Dilemma of
Professionalism. 44
From the President (column by Ross
Holt).
Libraries Make a Difference. 45
Throw Me the Money! 85
The Tie That Binds. 3
Fundraising.
Holt, Ross. Throw Me the Money!
85
Hunter, Timothy C. Cyber-
Fundraising and North Carolina
Public Libraries. 103-109
Lewis, Janice Steed. Making Con-
nections: North Carolina Librar-
ies and Grantmaking Founda-
tions. 14-25

Get a Handle on Spam, by Ralph Lee

Scott. 69

Ghost Tales from the North Carolina

Piedmont, by Linda Duck

Tanenbaum and Barry McGee. Re-

view. 122-123

Gold in History, Geology and Culture:

Collected Essays, ed. by Richard F.

Knapp and Robert M. Topkins.

Book review by Susannah

Benedetti. 71-72

Grants.

Lewis, Janice Steed. Making Con-
nections: North Carolina Librar-
ies and Grantmaking Founda-
tions. 14-25

Guide to North Carolina Highway
Markers, ed. by Michael Hill. Book
review by Beverly Tetterton. 36

Gurss, Jade. See Driver #8.

Hadden, Sally E. Slave Patrols: Law
and Violence in Virginia and the
Carolinas. Book review by Patrick
Valentine. 37

Haley, Gail E. Mountain Jack Tales.
Book review by Mary Rose
Kleinfeldt. 33

Henderson, Jenny. The North Carolina
Filmography: Over 2000 Film and
Television Works Made in the State,
1905 through 2000. Review. 122

Hill, Michael, ed. Guide to North Caro-
lina Highway Markers. Book review
by Beverly Tetterton. 36

Historical Fiction.

McGee, Pat. From Manteo to
Murphy: Young Adult Historic

Fiction Set in North Carolina. 53-
oe
Shires, Nancy Patterson. The Case
for Digitizing Fiction with His-
tory. 46-52
Hodder, Dorothy, comp. North Caro-
lina Books (column). 31-38, 70-76,
117-124
Holaday, Chris, ed. Baseball in the
Carolinas: 25 Essays on the StatesT
Hardball Heritage. Book review by
Suzanne Wise. 119
Holt, Ross. From the President (col-
umn). 3, 45, 85
. Libraries Make a Difference. 45
. Throw Me the Money! 85
. The Tie That Binds. 3
Honeycutt, Irene Blair. Waiting for the
Trout to Speak. Book review by L.
Teresa Church. 75-76
Hudson, Marjorie. Searching For Vir-
ginia Dare: A FoolTs Errand. Book re-
view by Allan Scherlen. 120
Hughes, I. Harding, Jr. My Valle
Crucis: The 1930s. Book review by
Suzanne Wise. 38
Hunter, Timothy C. Cyber-
Fundraising and North Carolina
Public Libraries. 103-109
Hurst, Hawk. The Story of the First
Flute. Review. 121

Internal Improvements in Antebellum
North Carolina, by Alan D. Watson.
Review. 122

Internet.

Hunter, Timothy C. Cyber-
Fundraising and North Carolina
Public Libraries. 103-109

Scott, Ralph Lee. Anonymisers. 30

. Get a Handle on Spam. 69

Jones, Plummer Alston oAl,� Jr. A

Community of Practice. 84

. From the Editor (column). 2,
44, 84

. LoveTs Labor Reconsidered. 2

. Passing the Torch: Reminis-
cences with Frances Bryant
Bradburn, Editor Emerita, North
Carolina Libraries, 1985-2002. 11-13

. Unity v. Diversity: The Di-
lemma of Professionalism. 44

. See Kester, Diane D., and
Plummer Alston Jones, Jr.

Jones, Plummer Alston oAl�, Jr., re-
viewer. See The Rise of a Southern
Town: Wilson, North Carolina, 1849-
1920.

Kars, Marjoleine. Breaking Loose To-

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

gether: The Regulator Rebellion in Pre-
Revolutionary North Carolina. Book
review by Caroline Keizer. 37

Keck, Carol Avis. What Is It Like to
Be a Special Librarian at the Center
for Creative Leadership? 112-115

Keizer, Caroline, reviewer. See Break-
ing Loose Together: The Regulator Re-
bellion in Pre-Revolutionary North
Carolina.

. See First to Fly: North Carolina
and the Beginnings of Aviation.

Kester, Diane D., and Plummer
Alston Jones, Jr. Library Coopera-
tion and the Development of the
North Carolina Information Net-
work (NCIN): From the Great De-
pression Years to 1992. 86-102

Kleinfeldt, Mary Rose, reviewer. See
Mountain Jack Tales.

. See The Sands of Pride: A Novel
of the Civil War.

Knapp, Richard F. and Robert M.
Topkins, editors. Gold in History,
Geology and Culture: Collected Es-
says. Book review by Susannah

Benedetti. 71-72

Lagniappe/North Caroliniana (col-
umn compiled by Suzanne Wise).
Keck, Carol Avis. What Is It Like to
Be a Special Librarian at the Cen-
ter for Creative Leadership? 112-
dg

Wise, Suzanne. ACRL from the In-
side: An Interview with Recent
ACRL President Mary Reichel. 65-
68

___. Storming the Hill: North
Carolina Librarians Become Lob-
byists for a Day. 28-29

Landis, Catherine. Some Days ThereTs
Pie. Book review by Anping (Annie)
Wu. 32

Lawrence, David M. Open Meetings
and Local Governments in North
Carolina: Some Questions and An-
swers, 6th edition. Review. 124

Leeper, Angela, reviewer. See Racing
Home: New Stories by Award-Winning
North Carolina Writers.

. See Sea-born Woman.

Lewis, Janice Steed. Making Connec-
tions: North Carolina Libraries and
Grantmaking Foundations. 14-25

Librarianship"North Carolina.
Jones, Plummer Alston oAl,� Jr. A

Community of Practice. 84
. Unity v. Diversity: The Di-
lemma of Professionalism. 44
Libraries Make a Difference, by Ross

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

Holt. 45
Libraries.

Holt, Ross. Libraries Make a Differ-
ence. 45

North Carolina Library Association.
Commission on the Future of Li-
braries and the Book. Report. 128

Libraries"Reminiscences.
Bathanti, Joseph. A Catechism of
Books. 4-10
Library and Information Science Re-
search 1999-2001: A Bibliography
of MasterTs Papers from the Univer-
sity of North Carolina School of

Information and Library Science.

26-27

Library and Information Science Re-
search 2001: A Bibliography of

MasterTs Papers from the University

of North Carolina School of Infor-

mation and Library Science. 110-

111

Library and Information Science Re-
search 2002: A Bibliography of

MasterTs Papers from the University

of North Carolina School of Infor-

mation and Library Science. 60-64

Library Cooperation and the Devel-
opment of the (NCIN): From the

Great Depression Years to 1992, by

Diane D. Kester and Plummer

Alston Jones, Jr. 86-102

Library Cooperation.

Kester, Diane D., and Plummer
Alston Jones, Jr. Library Coopera-
tion and the Development of the
North Carolina Information Net-
work (NCIN): From the Great De-
pression Years to 1992. 86-102

Library Finance.

Holt, Ross. Throw Me the Money!
85

Hunter, Timothy C. Cyber-
Fundraising and North Carolina
Public Libraries. 103-109

Lewis, Janice Steed. Making Con-
nections: North Carolina Librar-
ies and Grantmaking Founda-
tions. 14-25

Library History.

Kester, Diane D., and Plummer
Alston Jones, Jr. Library Coopera-
tion and the Development of the
North Carolina Information Net-
work (NCIN): From the Great De-
pression Years to 1992. 86-102

Link, Phil. Murder for Breakfast: The

True Story of Alma Petty Gatlin and

the Preacher Who Betrayed Her. Re-

view. 123

Lobbying.

Wise, Suzanne. Storming the Hill:
North Carolina Librarians Be-
come Lobbyists for a Day. 28-29

Love Always, Ben, by Huey Earl Tyra.

Review. 123

LoveTs Labor Reconsidered, by
Plummer Alston oAl� Jones, Jr. 2

Making Connections: North Carolina
Libraries and Grantmaking Founda-
tions, by Janice Steed Lewis. 14-25

The Marine: A Guadalcanal Survivor's
Final Battle, by Ben Wofford, and
William Richard White. Review.
123

MasterTs Papers.

Library and Information Science
Research 1999-2001: A Bibliogra-
phy of MasterTs Papers from the
University of North Carolina
School of Information and Li-
brary Science. 26-27

Library and Information Science
Research 2001: A Bibliography of
MasterTs Papers from the Univer-
sity of North Carolina School of
Information and Library Science.
110-111

Library and Information Science
Research 2002: A Bibliography of
MasterTs Papers from the Univer-
sity of North Carolina School of
Information and Library Science.
60-64

McGee, Barry. See Ghost Tales from the
North Carolina Piedmont.

McGee, Pat. From Manteo to
Murphy: Young Adult Historic Fic-
tion Set in North Carolina. 53-59

Microcomputers.

Scott, Ralph Lee. Computer House-
keeping. 116

Moss, Juanita Patience. Created to Be
Free. Review. 124

Mountain Jack Tales, by Gail E. Haley.
Book review by Mary Rose
Kleinfeldt. 33

Mountford, B.J. Sea-born Woman.
Book review by Angela Leeper. 72

Murder for Breakfast: The True Story of
Alma Petty Gatlin and the Preacher
Who Betrayed Her, by Phil Link. Re-
view. 123

My Valle Crucis: The 1930s, by I.
Harding Hughes, Jr. Book review by
Suzanne Wise. 38

NCLA Executive Board Minutes. 39-
43, 77-82, 125-128

Winter 2002 " 13]

Networks.

Kester, Diane D., and Plummer
Alston Jones, Jr. Library Coopera-
tion and the Development of the
North Carolina Information Net-
work (NCIN): From the Great De-
pression Years to 1992. 86-102

North Carolina Books (column
compiled by Dorothy Hodder). 31-
38, 70-76, 117-124

North Carolina Child Support Statutes,
by John L. Saxon. Review. 124

The North Carolina Filmography: Over
2000 Film and Television Works
Made in the State, 1905 through
2000, by Jenny Henderson. Review.
Te,

North Carolina foundations that
made grants to libraries or Friends
of Library groups within the state
(table). 19-20

North Carolina Information Network.
Kester, Diane D., and Plummer

Alston Jones, Jr. Library Coopera-
tion and the Development of the
North Carolina Information Net-
work (NCIN): From the Great De-
pression Years to 1992. 86-102

North Carolina Libraries.

Holt, Ross. The Tie That Binds. 3

Jones, Plummer Alston oAl,� Jr.
LoveTs Labor Reconsidered. 2

. Passing the Torch: Reminis-
cences with Frances Bryant
Bradburn, Editor Emerita, North
Carolina Libraries, 1985-2002. 11-
Ig}

North Carolina Library Association.
Jones, Plummer Alston oAl,� Jr. A

Community of Practice. 84
. Unity v. Diversity: The Di-
lemma of Professionalism. 44

North Carolina Library Association.
Commission on Charter/Home
Schools. NCLA Executive Board dis-
cussion. 80

; . Report. 126

North Carolina Library Association.
Commission on the Future of Li-
braries and the Book. Report. 128

North Carolina Library Association.
Executive Board. Minutes. 39-43,
77-82, 125-128

Open Meetings and Local Governments
in North Carolina: Some Questions
and Answers, 6th edition, by David
M. Lawrence. Review. 124

Parramore, Thomas C. First to Fly:
North Carolina and the Beginnings of

172 " Winter 2002

Aviation. Book review by Caroline
Keizer. 121

Passing the Torch: Reminiscences
with Frances Bryant Bradburn, Edi-
tor Emerita, North Carolina Librar-
ies, 1985-2002, by Plummer Alston

oAl� Jones, Jr. 11-13

A Place for Miracles: Baptist ChildrenTs

Homes of North Carolina, by

Michael C. Blackwell. Book review

by Beverly Tetterton. 35

Poff, Jan-Michael, ed. Addresses and

Public Papers of James Baxter Hunt,

Jr., Governor of North Carolina, vol.

III, 1993-1997. Review. 122

Political Participation.

Wise, Suzanne. Storming the Hill:
North Carolina Librarians Be-
come Lobbyists for a Day. 28-29

Post Cards of Historic Blowing Rock, by

Blowing Rock Historical Society.

Book review by Beverly Tetterton.

33

Presumed Dead: A Civil War Mystery,
by Howard Eugene Alley. Review.

124

The Privilege To Paint: The Lives of

Francis Speight and Sarah Blakeslee,

by Maurice C. York. Book review by

Amy K. Weiss. 117

Public Libraries.

Holt, Ross. Throw Me the Money!
85

Hunter, Timothy C. Cyber-
Fundraising and North Carolina
Public Libraries. 103-109

Racing Home: New Stories by Award-
Winning North Carolina Writers, ed.
by Sharlene Baker. Book review by
Angela Leeper. 36

Ray, Jeanne. Step Ball Change. Review.
121-122

Real Country Humor, by Billy Edd
Wheeler. Review. 122

Reichel, Mary.

Photograph of Mary Reichel. 66

Wise, Suzanne. ACRL from the In-
side: An Interview with Recent
ACRL President Mary Reichel. 65-
68

Reviews.

Hodder, Dorothy, comp. North
Carolina Books (column). 31-38,
70-76, 117-124

The Rise of a Southern Town: Wilson,
North Carolina, 1849-1920, by
Patrick M. Valentine. Book review
by Plummer Alston oAl� Jones, Jr.
74-75

Rogers, Leonora V. So Turn the Years.

Book review by Jeffery Beam. 34

Salt, by Isabel Zuber. Book review by
Anping (Annie) Wu. 33

The Sands of Pride: A Novel of the Civil
War, by William R. Trotter. Book
review by Mary Rose Kleinfeldt. 32

Saxon, John L. North Carolina Child
Support Statutes. Review. 124

Scherlen, Allan, reviewer. See Search-
ing For Virginia Dare: A FoolTs Er-
rand.

. See Time Full of Trial: The
Roanoke Island FreedmanTs Colony,
1862-1867.

Schweid, Richard. Consider the Eel.
Review. 123
Scott, Ralph Lee. Anonymisers. 30

. Computer Housekeeping. 116

. Get a Handle on Spam. 69

. Wired to the World (column).
30, 69, 116

Sea-born Woman, by B.J. Mountford.
Book review by Angela Leeper. 72
Searching For Virginia Dare: A FoolTs
Errand, by Marjorie Hudson. Book
review by Allan Scherlen. 120
Selected foundations located outside
the state that either have made
grants to libraries in the state or
that have made grants within the
state and to libraries elsewhere
(table). 21
Shires, Nancy Patterson. The Case for
Digitizing Fiction with History. 46-
52
Signs of Cherokee Culture: SequoyahTs
Syllabary in Eastern Cherokee Life, by
Margaret Bender. Book review by
Shannon Tennant. 70-71
Slave Patrols: Law and Violence in Vir-
ginia and the Carolinas, by Sally E.
Hadden. Book review by Patrick
Valentine. 37
So Turn the Years, by Leonora V.
Rogers. Book review by Jeffery
Beam. 34
Some Days ThereTs Pie, by Catherine
Landis. Book review by Anping
(Annie) Wu. 32
Special Libraries.
Keck, Carol Avis. What Is It Like to
Be a Special Librarian at the Cen-
ter for Creative Leadership? 112-
PLS
Step Ball Change, by Jeanne Ray. Re-
view. 121-122
The Story of the First Flute, by Hawk
Hurst. Review. 121

Tanenbaum, Linda Duck, and Barry

North Carolina Libraries, Vol. 60

McGee. Ghost Tales from the North
Carolina Piedmont. Review. 122-123

Tennant, Shannon, reviewer. See
Signs of Cherokee Culture: SequoyahTs
Syllabary in Eastern Cherokee Life.

Tetterton, Beverly, reviewer. See Guide
to North Carolina Highway Markers.

. See A Place for Miracles: Baptist
ChildrenTs Homes of North Carolina.

. See Post Cards of Historic Blow-
ing Rock.

Throw Me the Money! by Ross Holt.
85

The Tie That Binds, by Ross Holt. 3

Time Full of Trial: The Roanoke Island
FreedmanTs Colony, 1862-1867, by
Patricia C. Click. Book review by
Allan Scherlen. 35

Topkins, Robert M. See Gold in His-
tory, Geology and Culture: Collected
Essays.

Trotter, William R. The Sands of Pride:
A Novel of the Civil War. Book re-
view by Mary Rose Kleinfeldt. 32

Tyra, Huey Earl. Love Always, Ben. Re-

view. 123

Uncle HenryTs Ghost, by Ben Wofford.
Review. 123

Unity v. Diversity: The Dilemma of
Professionalism, by Plummer
Alston oAl� Jones, Jr. 44

University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill. Institute of Govern-
ment. See North Carolina Child Sup-
port Statutes.

. See Open Meetings and
Local Governments in North Carolina:
Some Questions and Answers.

University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill. School of Informa-
tion and Library Science.

Library and Information Science
Research 2002: A Bibliography of
MasterTs Papers from the Univer-
sity of North Carolina School of
Information and Library Science.

60-64

; . Library and Information
Science Research 1999-2001: A Bib-
liography of MasterTs Papers from
the University of North Carolina
School of Information and Library
Science. 26-27

.___. Library and Information
Science Research 2001: A Bibliogra-
phy of MasterTs Papers from the
University of North Carolina
School of Information and Library
Science. 110-111

Valentine, Patrick M. The Rise of a
Southern Town: Wilson, North Caro-
lina, 1849-1920. Book review by
Plummer Alston oAl� Jones, Jr. 74-
7S

Valentine, Patrick, reviewer. See Slave
Patrols: Law and Violence in Virginia
and the Carolinas.

. See The WatermanTs Song: Sla-

very and Freedom in Maritime North
Carolina.

Waiting for the Trout to Speak, by Irene
Blair Honeycutt. Book review by L.
Teresa Church. 75-76

The WatermanTs Song: Slavery and Free-
dom in Maritime North Carolina, by
David S. Cecelski. Book review by
Patrick M. Valentine. 118

Watson, Alan D. Internal Improve-
ments in Antebellum North Carolina.
Review. 122

Weiss, Amy K., reviewer. See The
Privilege To Paint: The Lives of
Francis Speight and Sarah Blakeslee.

Welch, John, reviewer, See Captain
Blakeley and the Wasp: The Cruise of
1814.

West, John Foster. The Ballad of Tom
Dula. Reprinted ed. noted. 123

What Is It Like to Be a Special Librar-
ian at the Center for Creative Lead-
ership? by Carol Avis Keck. 112-115

Wheeler, Billy Edd. Real Country Hu-
mor. Review. 122

White, William Richard. See The Ma-
rine: A Guadalcanal SurvivorTs Final
Battle.

Wired to the World (column by
Ralph Lee Scott)

Scott, Ralph Lee. Anonymisers. 30

. Computer Housekeeping

116
. Get a Handle on Spam. 69

Wise, Suzanne. ACRL from the In-
side: An Interview with Recent
ACRL President Mary Reichel. 65-
68

. Storming the Hill: North Caro-
lina Librarians Become Lobbyists
for a Day. 28-29

Wise, Suzanne, comp. Lagniappe/
North Caroliniana (column). 28-
29, 65-68, 112-115

Wise, Suzanne, reviewer. See Baseball
in the Carolinas: 25 Essays on the
StatesT Hardball Heritage.

__. See Driver #8;

. See My Valle Crucis: The 1930s.

Wofford, Ben. Uncle HenryTs Ghost.
Review. 123

Wofford, Ben, and William Richard
White. The Marine: A Guadalcanal
SurvivorTs Final Battle. Review. 123

Wu, Anping (Annie), reviewer. See
Salt.

___. See Some Days ThereTs Pie.

York, Maurice C. The Privilege To
Paint: The Lives of Francis Speight
and Sarah Blakeslee. Book review by
Amy K. Weiss. 117

Young Adult Literature.

McGee, Pat. From Manteo to
Murphy: Young Adult Historic
Fiction Set in North Carolina. 53-
oe

Zuber, Isabel. Salt. Book review by
Anping (Annie) Wu. 33

[Errata: The index for 2001-2002 used the incorrect form of entry for the Public Library of Charlotte and Mecklenburg
County, (namely, Charlotte-Mecklenburg Public Library). The indexer regrets the error.]

Guidelines for Using the Index to North Carolina Libraries

1. Articles are indexed by title, subject, and first-named author, with cross-references from co-authors.

2. Reviews are indexed by the title and first-named author, with cross-references from co-authors and reviewers.

3. All library organizations are entered under their full names. Material on the substructures of these organizations,
such as committees, sections, etc., is listed alphabetically under the organization name, such as North Carolina
Library Association. Round Table on....

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Winter 2002 " 133

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