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Spring 1995

North Carolina Libraries

Money Changing in the Library

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Volume 57, Number 1
ISSN 0029-2540

INA
Libraries

mums =JMONEY CHANGING IN THE LIBRARY
Guest Editor, Harry Tuchmayer

R

©

Spring 1997

3. Careful Planning: The Fundraising Edge, Steve Sumerford
6 A Twelve-Step Program for Stronger Grant Proposals, Joline R. Ezzell

8 Business-School Partnerships: Future Media Center Funding Sources,
Pattie Allen

10 RakinT in the Clams . . . Or, How to Make Lots of Cash from Renting Best-Sellers,
Rebecca Sue Taylor

14 The Book Business: The Bookstore as an Alternative Funding Source for the
Public Library, Benjamin F. Speller, Jr.

16 Friends of the Library Book Sales, Carol Passmore

mun CRS © EEE

1 From the President

18 & In Edition: Recess Could Have a Whole New Meaning As Children Travel the
World on a Wite, David F. Warlick

24 Point: How Much Is Enough?, Kenneth Marks

25 Counter Point: When You're Deserving " ThereTs Never Enough!, Harry Tuchmayer
26 Wired to the World, Ralph Lee Scott

2,7 About the Authors

28 North Carolina Books

34 Lagniappe: Newspapers: A Window to North CarolinaTs Past, Chris Mulder
and Denise Sigmon

36 NCLA Candidates
38 NCASL Candidates

Advertisers: Book Wholesalers, 47; 4 1 NCLA Minutes

Broadfoot's, 44; Checkpoint, 43;
Current Editions, 31;

G. K. Hall, 32; Mumford Books, 21;
Newsbank, 23; Phibig, 22;

uality Books, 15; £ j
SIRS Ft ae aes Wet 40; Cover: Illustration by Gladys Villgas.

Southeastern Microfilm, 9; North Carolina Libraries is electronically produced. Art direction and design by Pat Weathersbee of TeamMedia,

VTLS, 33; UNC Press, back cover. Greenville, NC.
rn EY

From the President

Gwen Jackson, President

s I have pondered (and struggled with) this message to you, many thoughts have crowded
my mind. First and foremost, with the biennium having reached the midpoint, it is time
for a reality check. Your NCLA Executive Board spent a portion of the January Executive
Board meeting assessing the status of the five work groups and answering the following
questions.

© Has NCLA made progress in realizing the visions that were established at the beginning of the
biennium? What were those visions?

Communications Issues: Libraries and librarians are recognized as the prime information
source empowering the people of North Carolina to become lifelong learners.
Intellectual Freedom: North Carolina libraries and librarians are aware of the importance of
safe-guarding the rights of library users in accordance with the First Amendment to the United
States Constitution and the Library Bill of Rights as adopted by the American Library Association.
Organizational Issues: The North Carolina Library Association is the motivating force for
unifying its diverse membership to achieve the purpose, goals and priorities of the organization.
Personnel: NCLA and the library profession will be represented by exemplary professionals
including women and minorities at all levels of administration.
Technology: Libraries and librarians play a leadership role in the development of the North
Carolina Information Highway (NCIH) and in the implementation and utilization of the
Highway so that it extends to each library, with the necessary training and equipment for each
citizen to have access.

¢ Does NCLA need to chart a new course or change direction to accomplish our goals?

© Do we as members of NCLA need to renew our commitment to NCLA and to the profession?

How would you rate NCLA in the realization of these goals? What do you view as the
strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities facing our profession and our organization?
What are your suggestions for meeting our goals? You have a direct line to me and the Executive
Board via NCLA-L and e-mail (gjackson@uncecs.edu). We want to hear your ideas.

The new year has brought changes within NCLA! Martha Fonville, our first administrative
assistant, departed at the end of December. With her knowledge and commitment to NCLA,
Martha has provided an efficient, indispensable office. She has been our ready reference source for
NCLA information including upcoming events, organizational policies and procedures, constitu-
tion/bylaws expertise, and membership information. Christine Tomec became our administrative
assistant in mid-January and continues to provide an efficiently managed office. Do introduce
yourself to Christine and welcome her to NCLA. She can be reached at 919/839-6252 (voice and
fax) or via e-mail (SLLA.CLT@ncdcr.dcr.state.nc.us).

As this issue of North Carolina Libraries goes to press, those of us associated with state govern-
ment (public libraries, public schools, community colleges, university system, state library) are also
experiencing changes resulting from budget cuts and downsizing. These budget cuts will affect
personnel, resources, facilities and programs in our respective work places. How will we meet the
challenges that such extensive cuts will create? I offer several suggestions for your consideration.

Talk with the policy makers (legislators, county commissioners, trustees, school boards) that
directly affect the funding for your programs.
® Invite them to participate in activities in your library that would give them an opportunity to
view first-hand the variety of resources and programming you have.
® Participate in Legislative Day (Washington, DC " May 9; Raleigh " May 10).
© Write letters to your representatives thanking them for past work and requesting their
continuing support.
© Provide specific examples of the effects budget cuts would cause " make your examples
relevant to their ofavorite� areas.
Volunteer to participate in Governmental Relations Committee activities
© Contact Chair Carol Southerland for specific ideas: 2809 Westbrooke Drive, Kinston, NC
28501. Telephone: 919/523-0819 (h) 919/568-6161 (w) Fax: 919/568-4074.
® Contact the committees within your sections and round tables.
Be a Library Advocate and encourage your friends to join you.

I encourage you to take a few minutes this spring to review your personal and professional
goals. Respond to the above questions so that NCLA can and will be the best possible professional
organization. Accept changes in good faith, continue to market the services of your library everyday
and celebrate life every day!

2 " Spring 1997 North Carolina Libraries

Same Dollars, Different Sense

EditorTs note:: These three articles deal with finding additional dollars for libraries. While focused upon three different
types of libraries " public, academic, and school " they address the same process. Each takes a somewhat
different approach, yet all can be used by every library and librarian as we plan to seek funding over and above that
allotted by local, state, and federal agencies. While similar in nature, each offers a variety of strategies and sugges-
tions for garnering outside public and private dollars for library resources and programming. Whatever your
affiliation, try reading all of them; you'll find excellent ideas.

Careful Planning:
The Fundraising Edge

f you are like most librarians, you
can name a long list of projects and
services that you think would en-
hance your library. Your problem
is not a lack of good ideas, but a
lack of funding. Every year, the
libraryTs budget seems to get tighter
and your list of good ideas just gets
longer. If, however, you can tap other
sources of funding, you may be able to
provide the programs and services for your
Patrons without any increase in your oper-
ating budget.

Public schools, universities, Head Start
programs, and a myriad of other nonprofit
agencies all regularly obtain thousands of
dollars in additional funding from foun-
dations, corporations, and other nontra-
ditional sources. Libraries, on the other
hand, tend to supplement their budgets
with book sales and small gifts from indi-
vidual donors. While these sources are
very important, they generally require
much more work and yield smaller profits
than corporate solicitations and founda-
tion grants.

A simple, two-page letter netted thou-
sands of dollars for the literacy programs
at the library branch that I manage. With
a few of these letters and an aggressive,
broad-based community fundraising cam-
Paign, we raised over $100,000 for family
literacy programs in less than six months.
This campaign, which was conducted in
1991, was the culmination of a year of
informal research and networking. It also
brought a tremendous amount of public-
ity and prestige to the branch. In the four
years since that initial campaign, we have
Taised an additional $100,000 in

North Carolina Libraries

by Steve Sumerford

nongovernment funding.

On the basis of our mistakes as well as
our successes, I would like to offer twelve
steps for raising money from the corpora-
tions, foundations, and individuals within
your community.

Step 1: All fundraising methods must
start with a statement of the need for
funding. The challenge is to identify and
describe needs from the community
rather than the library perspective. Foun-
dations, corporations, and private indi-
viduals usually do not give money to buy
bookmobiles, computers, and books un-
less they clearly understand how these
items improve peopleTs lives. Donors want
to support projects that will empower citi-
zens and resultin long-term improvements
in the community. Your needs statement
should clearly document the impact that a
particular problem has on the community
and how the proposed project can solve

the problem.
Very often needs statements in grant

proposals are weak because they are based

The challenge is to identify
and describe needs from the
community rather than the

library perspective.

on circular logic. Donors report that this is
one of the most frequent mistakes made in
proposals. For example, it would be easy
to fall into the trap of arguing that the
library needs a new bookmobile simply
because the current one is old, thus mak-
ing the assumption that everyone knows
why we need a bookmobile. A good needs
statement, however, will answer questions
such as: Why does the community need a
bookmobile at all? Whose life will be im-
proved by a new bookmobile? How will a
bookmobile make the community a better
place to live?

The needs statement also should dem-
onstrate that the community had input in
developing the needs statement. There are
many ways to obtain this input from your
community. Focus groups can be extremely
effective. Interviews with community lead-
ers, particularly grassroots leaders, also
can generate good ideas and support for
your project. Only after you get input from
these groups can you develop avery strong
and convincing statement of the need for
the new program or service.

Good needs statements
can be based on demographic
data, needs assessments done
by other agencies, community
surveys, anecdotes, and quotes
from users of the services. DonTt
just use statistics and cold facts.
State the need in a way that is
emotionally compelling. Dem-
onstrate the seriousness of the
problem with examples of how
it affects peopleTs lives. Use sto-
ries and anecdotes to personal-
ize the problem.

Spring 1999 " 3

STEP 2: Get a good reading on the cur-
rent fundraising climate in your com-
munity before you make any decisions
about your fundraising strategy. The best
way to do this is to talk with an experi-
enced fundraiser. Some good places to
look for fundraising mentors are United
Way agencies, college development of-
fices, community foundations, and cul-
tural arts organizations. If youTre lucky,
you will find some expertise on your own
board of trustees or in your Friends of the
Library membership.

One thing to keep in mind is the
oturf-ism� that exists in the fundraising
world. Some fundraising experts will be
less than helpful because they will resent
the library becoming another competitor
for the limited number of dollars. Since
most nonprofit organizations rely on tax-
deductible donations to support their an-
nual operating budgets, they may per-
ceive other competitors as a threat to
their survival. To get their cooperation,
you have to assure them that your project
is not a duplication of their programs and
that your intention is to attract new dol-
lars, rather than draw funding away from
existing organizations. Also, remind them
that you are fundraising only for a spe-
cific project and that you will not be
competing perpetually for the nonprofit
dollars because your operating budget
comes from your governing body.

Once you locate people who will share
some information with you, quiz them
on the priorities and trends of local foun-
dations, corporations, and other major
community donors. Find out which do-
nors and community leaders have a par-
ticular interest in education, libraries, and
literacy. Also, ask your mentors about any
fundraising campaigns that your poten-
tial donors already may be committed to
supporting.

Timing is of critical importance ina
fundraising campaign, particularly when
approaching individual and corporate
donors. Ask your mentors about any
seasonal or special campaigns. Obvi-
ously, you want to avoid launching your
campaign during the United Way cam-
paign or in the middle of a county-wide
effort to build anew homeless shelter or
arts center.

The state of the local economy
clearly impacts the availability of local
dollars. However, while it is wise to be
aware of the general economic climate,
it would be a mistake to assume you
cannot raise money when the local
economy is not thriving. No matter how
bad the economy, people with money
still have to give some away every year
for tax purposes.

4 " Spring 1999

STEP 3: Create a fundraising advisory
committee, made up of Friends, commu-
nity leaders, experienced fundraisers, do-
nors, and staff members. Remember that
people give money to people, not to insti-
tutions or agencies. If you donTt currently
have a board or executive committee that
can raise money, you have to create one.

One essential aspect of the projectTs
design is to involve representatives of the
targeted population (e.g., teenage moth-
ers, literacy students, daycare teachers,
etc.) in the planning process. Not only will
they give you good ideas, but they also will
give your request more credibility. If you
are requesting funds from a foundation,
its board will almost certainly ask you
whether the potential recipients of your
services have had any input in the grant
proposal planning.

Incorporating input from nonstaff
members can be very challenging, but if
you want to engender a sense of owner-
ship and support for your project, you
have to listen to the ideas of people who
may have less experience and commit-
ment than the staff. Even though the staff
may be doing most of the work, the ulti-
mate control may be in the hands of the
Friends if you are using them as the fiscal
sponsor for the project. Therefore, it is
essential to reach consensus on the project
goals and decision-making process while
the project is in its embryonic form.

Step 4: Develop a comprehensive,
community-based, fundraising strat-
egy based on diverse fundraising meth-
ods, such as grant proposals, corporate
solicitations, raffle sales, special events,
and direct mail requests. This approach is
much more effective than just sitting in
your office all day churning out grant
proposals and fund appeal letters.

To facilitate this diverse fundraising
strategy, you need to organize the
fundraising advisory committee into sepa-
rate subcommittees for each of the groups
of potential donors. Try to find people
with appropriate experience and expertise
to serve on these subcommittees. The sub-
committee that is pursuing corporate do-
nations should be composed of commu-
nity business leaders. Those serving on
the foundation committee should know
some of the board members of the founda-
tions you have identified as likely support-
ers. Usually the first step for the subcom-
mittees is to set a goal for the number of
dollars they will raise and determine their
strategy for reaching the goal. Since the
strategies for each of the target groups may
overlap, it is very important that there be
regular communication among the sub-
committees.

STEP 5: Make arrangements for all do-
nations to go into a fund that is tax-
deductible. If most of your regular bud-
get comes from tax dollars, you may have
to work harder to persuade private donors
to give you money. After all, they already
support you with their taxes. If, however,
you have a Friends of the Library group, it
can bean excellent tax-deductible conduit
for donations, since it should already have
nonprofit status [501(c)(3)] and is not
funded by tax dollars, tuition, or any other
guaranteed source of income.

Be certain that the FriendsT treasury
and financial papers are in order. Friends
groups often forget to file a 990 Form with
the IRS, which is necessary for any year
that their income exceeds $25,000. It also
is preferable, but not mandatory, that the
Friends obtain an audit prior to a
fundraising campaign.

STEP 6: Frame your request in a project
format with outcomes that match the
priorities and oimage� of the potential
donor. From the donorTs perspective, fund-
ing a well-defined project is clearly prefer-
able to just pouring extra dollars into a
general operating budget. A project for-
mat assures the donors that, if they award
the grant, there can be measurable and
recognizable outcomes.

Remember that the donors also have
a reputation to maintain. They want their
list of funded projects to look impressive
in their annual report. If you give the
project a name that expresses its mission
and gives the project its own identity, the
potential donor will look more favorably
upon your request.

Our library-based family literacy pro-
gram needed a dozen computers, but in our
proposal we asked for oresources to de-
velop a family literacy center.� A ofamily
literacy center� conveys a much more
powerful image than does a detailed de-
scription of a dozen computer stations.
Donors wanted to give money for literacy,
not for hardware, but we helped them see
that by providing funding for computers
they would be increasing the literacy level
in the community. Consequently, we re-
ceived enough money to buy two dozen
computers.

STEP 7: Research foundations to deter-
mine which ones might be most recep-
tive to your project. North Carolina
Giving! lists thousands of foundations in
North Carolina, but it is best to start with
the ones in your county. Ask foundations
to send you a copy of their most recent
annual report. It will teveal much about a
foundationTs current priorities. It also will
include a list of the foundationTs board

North Carolina Libraries

members as well as a description of the
proposals that they have funded.

The North Carolina Journal of Philan-
thropy is a bimonthly publication that is
filled with information about North Caro-
lina donors. Probably no other source of-
fers such comprehensive and interesting
data about fundraising in North Carolina.
There are numerous books
on proposal writing, and
these can be invaluable to
you. Joline EzzellTs article in
this issue is also an excellent
resource.

Once you determine
which foundations match
your needs, set up an ap-
pointment with the foun-
dation director or a staff
member. He or she is often
the proposal gatekeeper "
the one whoscreens the pro-
posals and decides which
Ones are worthwhile for the
board to review. Since this
is a very subjective decision,
your relationship with the
director and the staff could be the single
most significant factor in your relation-
Ship with the foundation. After the initial
meeting, send a thank you note and peri-
Odically send newspaper clippings, news-
letters, or flyers about your project.

In preparing the formal proposal, be
Sure to follow the foundationTs guidelines
very closely. Foundation staff members
Say they receive a large number of incom-
Plete proposals in every funding cycle.

Step 8: Research the giving patterns of
local corporations. Corporations need to
give away some money each year for both
tax purposes and public relations. The
Community relations officer as well as com-
Pany employees can give you advice on
how to submit a request.

oIf the grant proposal is the key to
getting funds from foundations, personal
Contact is the key to corporate donations.
Corporate leaders respond best to other
Corporate leaders, so your request should
be made by someone who is a peer of the
Corporate executive. Be sure that all of
your Friends, trustees, and staff are ap-
Prised of the fundraising campaign. Ask
them to contact any corporate leaders.
You may be surprised to learn how many
of your own board members have some
Social or professional connection to the
Corporation.

Try to anticipate the hard questions
and give your fundraising team a script or
a project fact sheet to help them answer
these questions. Role playing of the most
common difficult situations will help to

North Carolina Libraries

give your team a greater sense of confi-
dence. Some good scenarios might be: a
donor who is skeptical about whether the
project is necessary; a donor who feels that
the library should not be raising private
money since it is a tax-supported institu-
tion; a donor who feels that the library
should not be involved in this type of

... personal contact is the key to
corporate donations. Corporate
leaders respond best to other
corporate leaders, so your
request should be made by
someone who is a peer of the
corporate executive.

project; and a donor who says that the
corporationTs money is already commit-
ted for this year.

Sometimes it takes years of cultiva-
tion to secure a significant contribution
from a corporation. One strategy might be
to ask each to pledge a gift that can be
spread over a three year period. Even if a
corporation does not give cash, it may be
able to give you thousands of dollars of in-
kind services such as printing, used equip-
ment, volunteer hours, and publicity.

Also remember that corporations like
to have lots of publicity when they make
a donation. Have your Friends plan a com-
munity celebration, press conference, or
reception to acknowledge the donation.

STEP 9: Ask individuals to make dona-
tions and pledges through personal visits
and direct mail fund appeals. In addition
to direct mail fund appeals to individuals,
our Friends group sold 1,000 raffle tickets.
We netted only a few hundred dollars, but
the grassroots publicity was worth a for-
tune, as each of those tickets was sold with
a little speech about the Chavis libraryTs
family literacy program.

Step 10: Organize special events dur-
ing the campaign and generate as many
press releases as possible. Nothing could
be sweeter than having an article about
your project in the paper on the very day
that a donor is making the decision about
whether or not to fund your request. De-
velop a list of friendly reporters, feature
writers, and editors and send your press

releases directly to them.

One of the special events you should
sponsor is a demonstration of the project.
Invite all of the potential donors to a
reception and demonstration. Devise some
activity that simulates what you will be
able to do if you get the funding. Ask one
of the people who will benefit from the
project to speak to the group. If you are
trying to get funding for a new business
service, ask a business person to otestify�
to the need for the service and the libraryTs
commitment to the business community.
If you are trying to get funding for com-
puters to use with a literacy program, ask
a student to demonstrate how the com-
puter would be used for tutoring.

Step 11: Find other organizations
with which you can collaborate. Al-
most every funder asks if you are working
in partnership with other organizations.
In addition to finding organizations that
actually can become part of your project,
you also need to find representatives of
organizations who will write letters of
support and endorsement for your pro-
posals. Sometimes these letters can make
the difference between funding and rejec-
tion. You also could choose to form a
partnership with some other organizations
or libraries and apply for funds together.

Step 12: Stay in touch with the donors
who give as well as those who turn you
down. Like a politician who is always
running for the next election, you must
begin cultivating donors for the next re-
quest before you deposit the check from
the last one. Communicate with your do-
nors and supporters regularly. Let them
know how their money is being used. (We
send quarterly reports to all of the donors
who supported our family literacy project.)
This will make your job much easier when
you ask for additional funds. Also, after
you receive a grant, give the donor as
much publicity as you can. This will alert
other donors to your work and it will
demonstrate that if they fund you, you
will give them good publicity as well.

The last and happiest step in this
process is to deposit all of those fat checks
from foundations, corporations, and other
donors, and then start spending the money
to provide the library service that your
community needs.

References

1 Anita Gunn Shirley. North Carolina
Giving. (Raleigh: Capital Consortium,
Inc.,1993)

2 Philanthropy Journal of North
Carolina. (News and Observer, 215 S. McDowell
St., Raleigh, NC 27602; $57 per year)

Spring 1995 " 9

A Twelve-Step Program for
Stronger Grant Proposals

hat does it! The library board

has just told you " again "

that, although you havea great

idea, thereTs no money. ItTs

time to find funds somewhere

else. You know there are foun-

dations, corporations, and gov-

ernment agencies that have

given money to libraries " why shouldnTt

they give to yours? You sit down at your
terminal and start to write a proposal.

Whoa, there! LetTs put on the brakes.

Believe it or not, writing a grant proposal

is one of the last steps in seeking outside

funding. You have lots of preliminary

work to do before you ever set fingers to

keyboard. Using the following twelve

steps, nearly all of which precede any

writing, will make your grant proposal
stronger and more likely to be funded.

Purpose

In preparing to write a grant proposal, you
must ask yourself many questions, the
answers to which may seem obvious;
however, they are not obvious to a poten-
tial funder. First of all, why do you want or
need additional funds? After all, libraries
are funded by their governing agencies,
whether those are city or county govern-
ments or an academic board of trustees.
Why isnTt that funding sufficient? CanTt
you realign your priorities and thus ac-
complish what you have in mind?

Very few outside funders will provide
money for ongoing operating expenses.
Most are interested in 1) supporting a
finite project which is beyond the scope of
the libraryTs budget or, 2) in providing
seed money to start a new program which
can become self-sufficient later. Make sure
your need for additional dollars cannot be

6 " Spring 1999

by Joline R. Ezzell

classified as an operating expense.

Once you have determined precisely
the purpose for which you want outside
funding, you must answer two additional
questions: 1) How does this project relate
to your libraryTs mission, and 2) how does
it relate to the libraryTs strategic plan. It is
tempting to seek money for a project for
which you know a specific foundation has
provided money in the past, regardless of
its relevancy to the library. Asan example,
last year ABC Corporation gave a substan-
tial amount of money to the public library
in anearby region fora childrenTs summer
reading program; you think your commu-
nity college library should start a similar
program and tap in to some of that money.
Do not succumb to this temptation! At
best you will end up with a short-term,
irrelevant program that cannot be sup-
ported beyond the grant-funded period; at
worst you will have spent hours preparing
a grant proposal for an irrelevant project
that was not funded. You must be able to
show how the proposed activity or project
relates to the libraryTs mission and how it
fits into the strategic plan for carrying out
that mission.

The Project

The second question to be answered is
what you plan to accomplish with the
funds. Both foundations and corpora-
tions want to be assured that the funds
they provide will have tangible, beneficial
results. They want to feel that their contri-
bution will make a difference in the ser-
vices that the library provides to its pa-
trons. Corporations, in particular, are ea-
ger to have the public think highly of
them because, in contrast to foundations,
their main business is not philanthropy,

but, rather, providing a service or product
that they hope the public will buy. Thus,
they want their image enhanced by your
project. They want their name coupled
with a successful and worthwhile venture.
You must be able to describe clearly and in
the greatest possible detail the exact re-
sults you hope to achieve.

Justification

Closely allied with this explanation should
be a justification of the necessity or desir-
ability for the project. Why is it important
that this project be carried out? What
specific benefits will result from its comple-
tion? Ifthe project is not funded, what
services will deteriorate or what segment
of the population will not be served?

Qualifications

The potential funder also will want to
know why your library is the best (or at
least, an excellent) place in which to carry
out this project. What special resources
does your library have that makes it the
ideal site for this program? Do you have
available local expertise? Does your library
have special resources that this project will
complement? Does your library serve a
unique population?

Time Frame

The majority of foundations, corporations,
and government agencies have maximum
grant periods; the remainder have no such
restrictions. In either case, the funder will
want to know the projected length of your
project. You should determine the total
length of the project and develop a
timeline, specifying target dates for comple-
tion of each step. Ifa totally new project
is proposed, the time required for specific

North Carolina Libraries

parts of the operation may be unknown.
In this case, a timed test-run of procedures
can be very helpful. Such a test will allow
the schedule to be projected as accurately
as possible, and provide information about
the level of staffing, type and quantity of
supplies, and equipment needed for the
project.

Costs

Perhaps the most important piece of infor-
mation for the potential funder is the cost
of the project. The funder will want to
know how much money
is being requested, when
it is needed, and precisely
how the funds will be
used. You must complete
a detailed budget outlin-
ing each category of ex-
penditure (salaries, fringe
benefits, equipment, sup-
plies, travel, indirect costs,
etc.). Remember that each
line item should be ad-
equately explained within
the narrative of the proposal. If your pro-
posal is for a multi-year project, prepare a
separate budget for each year. The fund-
ing agency will also want to know what
the library will contribute to the project.
Some funders, in fact, require that the
library contribute a certain percentage of
the total project costs (often called cost
sharing). Your contribution indicates the
level of your commitment to, and support
of, the project. Can you contribute a staff
Position to work on the project? Can you
purchase a piece of equipment, or provide
travel expenses? In the detailed budget

Specify exactly what you will contribute
and its value.

Staffing

Describe the duties and qualifications of
those who will direct and work on the
project, and include a job description for
each position. If you intend to contribute
your own staff, include a statement of
their qualifications for the project. If the
project budget includes funds for hiring
Staff, include a statement of required and
desirable qualifications for each individual
to be hired. The funder wants to know
that competent individuals with appro-
priate qualifications will be handling the
Operation.

Evaluation :

The funding agency will want to know
how you plan to evaluate the project.
What measures will you use to determine
whether the project is meeting its stated
Objectives? When will these measures be
applied? What corrective steps will be

North Carolina Libraries

taken if the project is not meeting its
objectives?

Publicity

Closely allied with evaluation of the
project is publicity. Determine how the
project and its results will be publicized.
This step is particularly important if yours
is a ground-breaking project that may be
used later by other libraries. Predetermin-
ing how to publicize your project will
help insure appropriate records and sta-
tistics as the project proceeds.

Perhaps the most important
piece of information for the
potential funder is the cost
of the project.

The Funder

Now that you have a clear picture of your
proposed project, it is time to find some-
one to fund it. Though wealthy individu-
als may be a possibility, most library
projects are funded by government agen-
cies, foundations, or corporations. Bib-
liographic tools exist for determining
which funding agency is appropriate for
your project.

Funds available to libraries from the
federal government are described in
detail in the annual Catalog of Federal
Domestic Assistance, published by the
Office of Management and Budget and
the General Services Administration.
This catalog is a ogovernment-wide com-
pendium of federal programs, projects,
services, and activities which provide
assistance or benefits to the American
public.� Each entry lists the type of
assistance, any restrictions, eligibility
requirements, and the application and
award process.

Foundations making grants of
$200,000 or more are listed in the Foun-
dation Directory, which has an index by
type of project. Corporations which pro-
vide funding are described in the Corpo-
rate 500: Directory of Corporate Philan-
thropy, published by the Public Manage-
ment Institute, and the Foundation
CenterTs National Directory of Corporate
Giving. Several reference works have a
narrower focus; examples are the Direc-
tory of Grants in Humanities, published
by Oryx Press, and Grants for Libraries
and Information Sciences, issued by the
Foundation Center.

With these tools, you can identify
those entities which are most likely to
provide funding for your library, by an-
swering a few questions. Which agencies
have given funds to libraries in the past?
Which agencies provide funds for the
type of support you seek (e.g., equipment,
seed money, endowment)? Some agen-
cies restrict their giving to institutions in
their home state; make sure you choose
ones that either give nationally or give in
your state.

And now ... you are ready to begin
writing. Armed with the details of your
project and information about the po-
tential funderTs interests and orienta-
tion, you should be able to write a win-
ning proposal in no time. But before
you mail it, you need to follow the two
remaining steps. To perform these steps
you should assume the role of reviewer
for the funding agency.

Editing For Clarity

One or two days after writing the pro-
posal, edit it thoroughly, asking the fol-
lowing questions. Is it clearly written?
Do the sentences and paragraphs flow
logically throughout the document?

-Have you included an appropriate

amount of detail and expressed it lu-
cidly? Too often, convoluted sentences
discourage reviewers and keep them
from discovering the merits of a pro-
posal. Can it be easily understood by a
non-librarian? The majority of indi-
viduals reviewing the proposal will have
only a superficial knowledge of librar-
ies. Make sure your document is free of
library jargon and that processes are
clearly and simply explained.

In editing the document, a lay per-
son can be very helpful. If that indi-
vidual does not understand your pro-
posal or its terms, it is likely that the
agencyTs reviewers also will be perplexed.

Editing For Completeness

If the funding agency has an applica-
tion form or suggested outline, have
you followed it precisely? Have you sup-
plied all the information requested? Is
your budget complete and detailed? Are
all the budgeted items described in the
narrative? Have you re-checked the
math? Finally, would you fund this
project?

When you can answer affirmatively
all the questions in steps eleven and twelve,
you have a solid, well-developed proposal.
Mail it!

Spring 1995 " 7

Business-School Partnerships:
Future Media Center Funding Sources

by Pattie Allen

ooks ... online subscription services ... CD-ROM appli-
cations ... telecommunications ... reference materials ...
automation ... computer technology! The list of re-
quirements school media coordinators must address
daily continually lengthens.

Major issues involved are not whether such mate-
rials are justified or if public school students should
~ have access to such materials. The year of accountabil-
ity for all school programs has dawned. The North Carolina
Standard Course of Study has forced school media services to
support student learning. Educators, including media coordina-
tors, are mandated by the public and the state of North Carolina
to develop students who possess the ability to access and synthe-

size information " thus becoming life-long learners.

The major issue has become how to fund such acquisitions
on a yearly basis with continually decreasing school budget
allotments. Schools with small student populations, schools in
rural areas, and school systems located in poor economic regions
of North Carolina are impacted more strongly by this dilemma
than their larger school counterparts.

However, one fact remains true: students throughout North
Carolina deserve equal access to media services and technology
regardless of the location and size of their school environments.
As site-based decision making takes root and struggles for fund-
ing increase, the responsibility of providing information access
for all public school students is passed primarily to the school
media coordinator. Public school personnel in diverse curricular
areas are attempting to meet mandated competencies with re-
stricted funding empowerment, while also expecting media
services to be in place as needed to support their own specific
North Carolina Standard Course of Study.

How can media coordinators meet these expectations? How
can funding be generated at levels which promote successful
media programs and materials? One solution is the creation
of partnerships between individual school media programs
and local businesses. The process is direct and mutually
beneficial to both participants.

The West Edgecombe media program and a HardeeTs restau-
rant piloted such an effort during the 1993-1994 school year. The
restaurant, located in Rocky Mount on Raleigh Road and man-
aged by Charles Richardson, created certificates for use by stu-

& " Spring 1999

dents, teachers, families, and other community members. For
each certificate redeemed at the local restaurant for an eight-
piece chicken dinner, the restaurant donated one dollar to the
schoolTs media and technology program.

This project was part of the HardeeTs oRise and Shine for
Community Service� program. The program was created to
encourage, recognize, and reward community service efforts
by students across the United States. All HardeeTs restaurants
have an opportunity to create partnerships with schools.
Both the local restaurant and the school benefit in that
incentives help schools generate funds for special needs, and
also increase traffic to the restaurants. Furthermore, the
corporate business world becomes aware of the goals of
school programs and the level of funding actually available to
promote such goals. Additionally, the community becomes
actively involved in an effort that strengthens communica-
tion among schools, homes, and businesses.

An alliance between school media programs and businesses
is limited only by the creative imaginations of those persons
involved. In some instances the business may choose to donate
money to the media program without any special project
activity on the part of the school and community. However, the
project activity does tend to link all people involved and build
communication bridges among the school, home, and business
environments.

The process for developing such a partnership is relatively
simple. One key idea to remember is that businesses work on the
premise of goals, needs to achieve goals, and outcome account-
ability. A concept often echoed in a business environment is
Total Quality Management, otherwise known as TQM.

The first step is the development of goals and objectives for
the media program. A broad set of goals is already in place for
North Cardina public school media programs " the Informa-
tion Skills and Computer Skills curricula. Though these skills are
not intended to be taught in isolation by school media person-
nel, school media coordinators should actively oversee their
inclusion into daily classroom curricula. Media coordinators
should assess strengths and weaknesses of the programs con-
stantly and accept responsibility for providing necessary mate-
rials to enhance achievement of the goals. These goals, objec-
tives, and strategies should be written for documentation and

North Carolina Libraries

Shared with anyone in positions that may be able to offer
support. Local school administrators, school faculties, school
system administrative personnel, and parents should be aware
of the total media program.

After developing of goals and strategies, careful examina-
tion of existing programs and available materials should occur.
Objective scrutiny can lead to the realization of the most
effective materials necessary to bring the goals to fruition.

A major component in the process is the selection of the
business to approach. Businesses having a vested interest in the
particular school make excellent choices for selection. To iden-
tify them, media personnel should survey students and the
community. Business enterprises that employ parents of the
schoolTs students or that are frequented by the school commu-
nity are strong candidates to consider. HardeeTs was an effective
choice since Rocky Mount is the home of the corporate offices,
a favorite restaurant of the West Edgecombe community, and
the employer of many West Edgecombe parents.

The most difficult aspect of the corporate partnership is the
initial contact of the business by the school. The West Edgecombe
media coordinator never directly approached any HardeeTs
Official. A parent who was employed by the company and also
who understood the need of funding for the media program,
arranged the project. Parents and community members may be
the schoolTs most qualified and effective ambassadors. If such a
Parent is not available, the alternate course is a direct one " call
the business (probably the public affairs office) and request a
meeting. The media coordinator should always keep in mind
TQM and be ready to present written documentation of goals,
Objectives, and strategies as well as to corroborate the existing
needs and the outcomes that will result. These outcomes will
not only benefit the school; businesses will profit directly as
well, since the student population they are assisting today will
become the work force they employ tomorrow.

Origination of project details may not be within the local
schoolTs control. Some businesses may choose to support the
program by making a single financial contribution without
requiring any participation on the part of the school and commu-
nity. Other businesses however, may appreciate the opportunity
to become directly involved with the school. As the project
Suidelines and activities are outlined, carefully examine the
Participation expected by the school to ensure that the activities
are plausible. Expectations that require more than the school can
Provide will result in unsuccessful outcomes.

After collaboration on project details, procedures publiciz-
ing the event must be detailed thoroughly. As with any cam-
Paign, lack of public knowledge can become the major detri-
ment of the campaign. The community cannot support an
unknown program. Various methods and media should be used
in publicizing the partnership. HardeeTs Foods Systems, Inc.
printed certificates to be redeemed at the restaurant upon the
purchase of an eight-piece box of chicken. The certificates,
along with a letter, were distributed by teachers, parents, and
administrators. Flyers were designed by the schoolTs art depart-
ment, and announcements were made over the schoolTs public
address system. Promotion of the project also occurred during
Parent-teacher meetings. An interesting side note occurred
during the project. One classroom teacher was loyal in distrib-
uting certificates throughout the community and beyond. One
Sunday evening a fellow church member approached the teacher
and presented a fifty dollar donation to the project. She ex-
Plained she could not eat fried chicken for dietary reasons, but
Wanted to support the project for the students.

At the conclusion of the project all components should be
Carefully evaluated. What actions were strengths? Which compo-

North Carolina Libraries

nents weakened the program? Public awareness was perceived as
a possible weakness in the West Edgecombe/HardeeTs alliance. In
spite of the many efforts to publicize, contacts that impact the
total and larger community were overlooked. Notices through
local newspapers, radio stations, cable television networks, and
telephone hot lines might have encouraged and alerted commu-
nity members who otherwise remained untouched.
Cooperative efforts between media programs and corpora-

tions are a concept of the future with infinite benefits to all
participants. A collaborative effort that will generate funding
sources to assist ailing school media center budgets can occur
successfully by following six basic steps:

(1) develop media program goals.

(2) assess strategies to accomplish the goals.

(3) select an appropriate business.

(4) cooperatively develop the project.

(S) publicize.

(6) evaluate.

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Spring 1995 " 9

RakinT in the Clams ...
Or, How to Make Lots of Cash from Renting Best-Sellers

ong reserve lists got you down?
Tired of patrons complaining
about howit takes eight months
to get the newest Tom Clancy?
Tired of seeing an author hit
the bestseller list with a new
book before youTve even fin-
ished up the reserves on her
last? Aggravated by readers who bring
in the Sunday bestseller list and de-
mand you produce some of othese books
right now�!

Well, so were we!

Unfortunately, simply buying more
copies of the highest demand titles just
wasnTt in the cards. With downsizing
and ono growth� budgets hitting our
materials budget harder and harder, ev-
ery additional copy of a best-seller that
we bought meant that some good new
cookbook, or home repair title, or even
new childrenTs picture book couldnTt be
added. How do you weigh the demands
of a regular and very vocal segment of
your patrons against the needs of
a less focused and articulate, but
far broader, clientele?

Taking some hints from Char-
lotte and other libraries who have
developed Rental Collections, we
at first looked at simply purchas-
ing the additional copies we
needed and slapping a small daily
or weekly Charge! on all bestsellers
or on all books with waiting lists
longer then ten or so patrons.

Luckily, we feel now, the same
local political situation that had
our book budget frozen caused us
to back off from that seemingly
simple solution. With our local
governmental officials looking

10 " Spring 1999

by Rebecca Sue Taylor

hard for orevenue positive� ways to fund
county services, we librarians, who had
been trained in that pre-historic ideal
that free public libraries are a fundamen-
tal bulwark of a democratic society, real-
ized that giving anyone who controlled
our purse strings the idea that library
books could be harged for was a serious

mistake.

Enter The Friends of the New
Hanover County Public Library! With a
clear charge to make money and a con-
stant willingness to help us get more
books to more people faster, we asked
them to take on the project. With the
Friends purchasing the books (with the
Collection Development SpecialistTs
guidance), we managed to diffuse the
single complaint against the program:
oLibraries are supposed to be free! You
canTt Charge! me for the most popular
books!� We could honestly answer, oLi-
brary books are still very much free!
We'll be glad to put you on the waiting

How do you weigh

the demands of a
regular and very vocal
segment of your patrons
against the needs of

a less focused and
articulate, but far
broader, clientele?

list for one of-the free Library copies.
Charge! books are just for those people
who donTt want to wait their turn for
their free library copy.�

Again, because this is an additional
service, not a replacement of a free ser-
vice with a fee-based one, we have been
very careful not to change our buying
patterns on bestsellers. We purchase the
same number of copies with the otax-
payers� money that we would have be-
fore the program began. It has been
hard to resist the temptation to pur-
chase only rentals of some marginal titles.
The best example is the new O.J.
SimpsonTs I Want to Tell You which we
would have loved not to, have spent the
taxpayersT money on.

We've also made sure that our in-
quiring patrons, of whom there have
actually been surprisingly few, under-
stood that all profits on the rental and
subsequent sale of the Charge! books
come back to the library in direct dona-
tions by the Friends to various portions
of our annual materials budget " which
doesnTt get eaten up in oanticipated rev-
enue� because we never know how much
the Friends will be giving us. Ah, the
games we do play.

With funding and political con-
cerns ironed out, we began the program
with $1,000 set aside in a separate ac-
count by the Friends. Our ordering clerk
actually orders the books from Ingram
and then forwards the invoice directly
to the Friends treasurer for payment. We
picked an initial fourteen titles from the
Bestseller lists of December 1993 using
the length of the libraryTs reserve list
as the second deciding factor of titles
to order.

North Carolina Libraries

Circulation began December 28, 1993,
at our busiest, suburban branch, and the
program was an instant and utter hit.
Within days we had patrons comp-
limenting us on what a practical and
simple solution it was. We overheard
people bragging to visiting
friends how oour library has
bestsellers you donTt have to
wait for!... and they only cost
$2.00 a week!�

One of the best, if un-
foreseen, side effects was that
people who had simply been
putting everything that ap-
peared on the newspaper
bestseller list on reserve could
now take a look at and read
the jacket of the Charge!
books and decide which ones
they really wanted to put on reserve.

Within two months, we added the
service to our second largest suburban
branch where the reception was, if pos-
sible, even more enthusiastic than it
had been at the first. Two months after
that, we added copies and started to rent
them at the Main Library.

We did make a few mistakes. In the
beginning, not every title returned our
investment. Books have to be newto the
reserve list to do well. Some of the books
we started with had long reserve lists
but were no longer very new (ie. Bridges
of Madison County). Most people who
would pay to read the book had already
borrowed it or had purchased a copy.

Far fewer people are willing to pay
$2.00 for nonfiction titles than fiction.
The biographies weTve tried, even ones
with reserve lists of people waiting, gen-
erally donTt do well. We have discov-
ered, however, that the nonfiction titles
that do rent have a much longer rental-
life then do hot fiction titles. We still
regularly rent Embraced By The Light [3
copies/96 rentals] and Men Are From
Mars, Women Are From Venus [2/38] a
year after we started the program. We
have found that the non-fiction titles
that have done well are usually opop�
Psychology and opop� self-help titles.
Stop the Insanity by Susan Powter [3/76]
has also held its own. We think true
crime may also hold a significant poten-
tial, although this year the only title we
have tried is Midnight in the Garden of
Good and Evil [3/76] though it may be
the olocal color� appeal of this particu-
lar crime that has kept it moving steadily.

We also have experimented with a
few titles that arenTt quite obestsellers�,
(ie. Pretty Boy Floyd by Larry McMurtry
[3/11]) and have discovered that unless
there is a fairly long reserve list and lots

North Carolina Libraries

a

of media hype, the people who want to
read it are perfectly willing to wait for

the free copy.

We also have discovered the length
of the book seems to have a significant
influence on whether people will pay

We also have discovered the
length of the book seems to.
have a significant influence
on whether people will pay
$2.00 for a weekTs read.

$2.00 for a weekTs read. Though Tom
Clancy and Steven King maintain long

reserve lists for the free
library copies, their books
rent significantly less
often than bestsellers
that can easily be read in
a week. It is possible
that our stiff dollar-a-day
overdue fee is part of
what scared people away
from these books that
clearly canTt be finished
in a week. We do make
sure that people know,
however, that because
we donTt allow reserves
on the Charge! titles,
they can keep renting a
book over and over for
as many weeks as they
need to finish it (another
advantage over the free
library copies that canTt
be renewed if anyone
else is waiting).

All in all, it is hard
to say negative things
about this program. The
complaints have been
few; the compliments
from our patrons many.
It takes very little staff
time, and the only in-
vestment has been in the
processing of the books,
a service we could prob-
ably get the Friends to
pay for, as well. Staff
members have been care-
ful to explain the pro-
gram to anyone check-
ing out books, so we have
had very few fines to
collect. In a year, we

have purchased 202 books (31 titles)
and lost only one in circulation (still
overdue after two months). Only one
title actually has disappeared, though at
times several have disappeared into oin
transit� status for more than a week. A
long, stern talk with our couriers seemed
to solve that problem.

Best and most important of all, the
program has shortened the reserve lists
on current best-sellers significantly.
People wait a month or two instead of
four to six months for the most popular
titles, and we actually have managed to
cleanup the reserve lists on authors like
Grisham and Steel before their next
books came out. And, patrons no longer
snarl that the paperback and the movie
will be out before they get their turn at
the hardback. A first year profit of
$353.04 hasnTt made our Friends un-
happy, either.

for Bestsellers

No Waiting List

One Week Rental $2

More copies of the bestsellers you want to read now
brought to you by the

Friends of New Hanover County Public Library

1994 Charge!!!
Friends Rental Titles
New Hanover County Public Library
Program begun at Myrtle Grove Branch
12/28/93
Program begun at Plaza East Branch
3/1/94
Program begun at Main Library
5/1/94
Initial Friends investment
Total titles purchased:
Total copies purchased:
Total cost of purchase:
(est. based on 40% discount)
Total circulations, all copies: 2,950 = $5,900.00
(based on circ records not on actual cash taken in)

Protit for firstyear: 32.07. $3,053.04 (est.)
** This does not include the profit made on discarded books sold

at either the May T94 or October ~94 booksales.

Copies lost in circulation (never returned): 1
Copies Lost and Paid: 2
Copies unaccounted for: 1

Main copies: 58 Circulations:805 Avg. Circulation: 13.9
~ Plaza East | 73 1094 14.9
MyrtleGrove: 70 " 1054 15.0

Spring 1999 " 11

Accident by Danielle Steel (2/8/94)

MAIN (ave) " PlazaE (ave) MyrGr (ave)
Average total circs

18 17 7033

19 (Ys 20

Ft 17 Sty

" (18.5) 18 (17.3) " (21.5) 18.6
Spent: $114,965 se tects, cts Made: $298.00
Bad Love by Jonathan Kellerman (2/18/94)
MAIN (ave) PlazaE (ave) MyrGr (ave)
Average total circs

" 21 18 1OKS)
Spent: $27.54 Made: $78.00
Body Farm by Patricia Cornwell (9/7/94)
MAIN (ave) PlazaE (ave) MyrGr (ave)
Average total circs

ihe 20 16 17.7
Spent: S424 OS arrereccs sen sesaaseovesceers Made: $106.00

*Still active

Bridges of Madison County by Robert Waller (12/20/93)

MAIN (ave) PlazaE (ave) MyrGr (ave)
Average total circs

_" jes 12

" 9 (10.5) 9 (10.5) 10.5
SpentsSSGtOO se. 2 cssonsatontectededeses- Made: $84.00

Title Samples

Cape Fear Rising by Philip Gerard (*local historical
interest) (2/22/94)

MAIN (ave)
Average total circs
20

16

13? 111633)

SPENUSMO2 SSE ac, .cr.4 eee

PlazaE (ave)

28
30
13. (23.7)

MyrGr

30
27
14(23.7)

(ave)

AV .2
Made: $282.00

* Still active

The Cat Who Came to Breakfast by Lillian Jackson Braun

MAIN (ave)
Average total circs
11

Spent: $35.91

PlazaE (ave)

The Chamber by John Grisham (5/26/94)

MAIN (ave)
Average total circs
21

23

16

[53

14

18 (17.5)

SCT ORO FO wel date ssdsscerasbtvctones

PlazaE (ave)

23
Dy
22
14
15
15 (19.3)

(4/28/94)
MyrGr (ave)
11 tel
Made: $66.00
MyrGr (ave)
25
22
20
13
16
21(19.5) 8.8

Made: $676.00

A Dangerous Fortune by Ken Follett (12/20/93)

MAIN (ave) PlazaE (ave) MyrGr (ave)
Average total circs

ae 8 4

ges 8 (8) 4 (4) 6
SY OCR 772010) aan ana ae ae Made: $84.00
Daybreak by Belva Plain (4/28/94)
MAIN (ave) PlazaE (ave) MyrGr (ave)
Average total circs

13 18 16

= 16 (17) 12 (14) 15
Spent'368:00)sex2...22... doeqid coche Made: $150.00
Debt of Honor by Tom Clancy (8/23/94)
MAIN (ave) PlazaE (ave) MyrGr (ave)
Average total circs

tS 15 12

133 17 la!

14 16 10

15 (14.3) 10 (14.5) At (BY) 133
Spent: S16 48ers. ee Made: $318.00

*Still active

Decider by Dick Francis (12/20/93)
MAIN (ave) PlazaE (ave) MyrGr (ave)
Average total circs

= 8 4

= 8 4

= 65273) " (4) 6
SJovelnlite of 00) SPSS ere Cee en eee Oe Made: $60.00
Disclosure by Michael Crichton (1/10/94)
MAIN (ave) PlazaE (ave) MyrGr (ave)
Average total circs

14 14 14

14 14 14 14
Spent? FSO tiki Ste AILS Made: $168.00

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12 " Spring 1999

North Carolina Libraries

Mark Your Calendars
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THE 1995
NCLA BIENNIAL CONFERENCE

The Holiday Inn Four Seasons/Joseph S. Koury Convention Center
Greensboro, North Carolina

Preconferences, October 3, 1995:
NCASL: The Internet: Riding the Surf
LAMS: Management Survival Kit

" The Biennial Conference: Libraries Link Lives "
Wednesday " Friday, October 4 " 6, 1995
Featuring:

e Three General Sessions

e An Opening All-Conference Meal
e An Opening VendorTs Reception
e The SIRS Gala

e The Ogilvie Lecture featuring
Deputy Librarian of Congress Dr. Hiram L. Davis

The Closing Luncheon with The Touring Theatre Ensemble
Table Talks

Special NCASL Programming on Wednesday
Over 50 Programs with speakers such as Laura McLamb Hamilton,

Library School Reunions, The Placement Center,
and Many, Many Exhibits to Visit

Lodging Information for the Holiday Inn Four Seasons will be included in the
Preconference Registration mailing. The Holiday Inn/Koury Center is a newly
refurbished, self-contained, one-stop convention site. Free parking separates the site
from the Four Seasons Mall. The Center is directly off of Interstate 40 in Greensboro.

Preconference Packets will be mailed this summer.

" DonTt Miss It!! "

North Carolina Libraries

Spring 1999 " 13

The Book Business:

The Bookstore as an Alternative Funding
Source for the Public Library

by Benjamin F. Speller, Jr.

any public libraries tend to miss revenue-build-
ing opportunities because they do not consider
income-producing activities a function of their
organizations. At a minimum, nonprofit orga-
nizations should be willing to invest time and
efforts in evaluating the potential for generating
income through their own business efforts.
Some nonprofit organizations have made sig-
nificant inroads in search of alternative revenues. A number of
publicly-supported organizations have generated substantial rev-
enues to support their operations by establishing bookstores or
gift shops as auxiliary enterprises where they sell art, reproduc-
tions, cards, and other publications. Although many public
libraries receive additional financial support from used book
sales sponsored by their Friends organizations, the bookstore or
gift shop as an auxiliary enterprise may be the best place to
concentrate initial efforts at tapping unique revenue sources.

What Are Key Marketing Considerations?
The following marketing issues need to be explored in determin-
ing the feasibility of a bookstore:

1. Is there a bookstore already
located in the libraryTs
geographical district? If so, are
the needs of the potential
customers being met at an
adequate level?

2. Is the public library in the best
location for a book store?

3. Would it be feasible to
operate bookstores in library

The bookstore or gift
shop appears to be a 3.
viable alternative 4,
funding source for public 5

evangelists, clubs, foundations, and local cultural arts
centers) are engaged in profit-seeking activities?

7. What assistance is available to get seed money for
exploratory ventures or capital formation?

8. Are there state regulations and local ordinances that
might restrict profit-making ventures by publicly-
supported nonprofit organizations?

~The question of legitimacy in the idea of the bookstore
should also be addressed as early as possible in the marketing
process. The bookstore operations must be consistent with the
basic mission of the public library " either tied to a program
interest, a function, or a need for service. As long as the govern-
ing board and the libraryTs professional staff agree on the explo-
rations made for the bookstore, the legitimacy is maintained.

What Are Key Operational Considerations?

While the marketing plans and activities are being carried out,
operational issues should be addressed as well. The library should
consider the following:

1. What is the best way to structure
the administration of the
bookstore?

2. Who should own the bookstore?

The library as an auxiliary enter-
prise? The Friends of the Library?
How should the bookstore be
staffed? Volunteers? Paid staff?
What categories of books should
be stocked?

. Should the bookstore stock: new

b h ll as in th i 0 ° books? used books? Both?
aoe ee ee | ! b rarles wh en adequate 6. What other ene materials should
4. How much diversification cons ideratio ns h ave be stocked? Magazines?

would be needed to intensify
raising capital for the
bookstoreTs operations?

5. What is the most effective
governance structure for the
bookstore?

6. What other nonprofit
organizations (video

14 " Spring 1999

been given to 7.
marketing and
operational issues.

Newspapers?

Should electronic formats be

stocked? Computer software?

Videocassettes?

8. How often and how long should
the bookstore be open for
business?

North Carolina Libraries

What Are Some Final Considerations?
Public libraries should consider seriously the possibil-
ity of establishing a bookstore with some diversifica-
tion, where appropriate. The reasons for having the
bookstore are:

1. to serve as a viable alternative funding source
for the library.

2. to provide a service not currently available in
the geographical area served by the library.

3. to support those residents seeking text
materials for home study courses.

4. to provide, as an additional public service,
materials supplementary to those in the
libraryTs collection and difficult to find for
purchase elsewhere.

5. to provide for those libraries that have
Friends-sponsored annual or semiannual book
sales a mechanism for keeping the used book
stock to a manageable level.

6. to bring people into the library.

Libraries seeking to establish bookstores or gift
shops as an auxiliary enterprise are urged to inves-
tigate liability, insurance of stock, credit, capital
funds and related financial and legal matters. The
bookstore or gift shop appears to be a viable alterna-
tive funding source for public libraries when ad-
equate considerations have been given to marketing
and operational issues.

Who is Doing It
and Helpful Sources

Nationally, there are several public libraries and quite a number
of cultural organizations that operate bookstore/gift shop related
enterprises as alternative sources of funding. Locally, check with

_ your Chamber of Commerce to find out if any of the nonprofit

organizations in your area are in the bookstore/gift BnOP
business.

The following information resources were consulted in

preparing The Book Business: "

_ McAllen Memorial Library "
601 North Main Street
McAllen, Texas, 78501-4688
Contact Person: Gerard Mittelstaedt
e-mail mittelst@tent.edu.us
Voice Phone: (210) 682-4566
Fax: (210) 682-1183

Anderson, Charles B. and others, A Manual on Bookselling,
New York: American Booksellers Association (distributed y

_R.R. Bowker), 1969.

A body of technical knowledge offered by seasoned
successful professionals. A must reading for neophytes.

Kotler, Philip and Alan R. Andreasen, Strategic Marketing for

Nonprofit Organizations, Fourth Edition, Englewoods Cliffs,
N-J.: Prentice Hall, 1991.

Bringing You the

World of Small Press and Video

e 1500 Presses

e 7000 Titles

e All in Stock
e Annotations Services

e Adult Non-Fiction
e Preview/Approval Plans
e Electronic Ordering

1-800-323-4241 © Toll Free
© 708-295-1556 « FAX

QUALITY BOOKS INC.

a dawson company

Joun Hiccins, SALES REPRESENTATIVE

HOMOHOTOHOTOTHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOMOM

North Carolina Libraries Spring 1995 " 15

Friends of the Library

hether occurring once a
year or four times, in the
library meeting room or
inacoliseum, lasting one
day or three, the Friends
of the Library (FOL) book
sale is one of the most
popular activities of
Friends groups in the United States. oBook
sales can range from simple fund-raisers,
at which donated volumes and library
discards are sold at low prices, to elaborate
affairs of regional importance, featuring
rare works at substantial prices and thou-
sands of bargain volumes laid out on long
tables undera tent.�! All your library needs
to get in on an easy and entertaining but
lucrative fundraising event is asmall group
of Friends, who, with the support of the
library director, are willing to organize
and carry out a book sale.
By definition, a book sale is the sale
of used books, discarded from the li-
brary or donated by members of the
community, by a nonprofit group, gen-
erally the Friends of the Library, with
profits going to activities sponsored by
the Friends group in support of their
library. While many creative and enter-
taining variations on this basic activity
have occurred, the sale of
used books for fundraising
purposes is the core activ-
ity. For more details than
can be contained in this
article, see either Taffy
BodmanTs account of
book sales at the Chapel
Hill Public Library? or the
chapter on book sales in
the Friends of the Library
Sourcebook.?

16 " Spring 1995

Book Sales

by Carol Passmore

Why Have A Book Sale?

Raising money is the major reason for
having a book sale; Friends of the Durham
County Library raises approximately sev-
enty-five percent ofits annual budget from
three book sales a year. But additional
benefits are numerous. The book sale
provides Friends groups with a book-ori-
ented opportunity for volunteer activity
and, as is often the case in a good volun-
teer experience, the chance for social ac-
tivity as well. The sale can offer an oppor-
tunity to do public relations work for the
library. Sales are both an easy way to get
rid of discarded books and an opportunity
to put books into the hands of eager read-
ers who might not buy them at higher
prices. It gives the Friends group a chance
to gain new members. Finally, the book
sale provides an excellent opportunity for
Friends members and library staff to work
together.

Before The Sale

Ideally, the book sale committee is a
standing committee of the FOL and is
active during the entire year. The chair-
person and the committee will develop
and follow a calendar that assures that

the tasks mentioned below are accom-
plished. This should assure that every-
thing necessary for a successful sale is
done; thus, the committee should find life
only slightly frantic in the days immedi-
ately before the sale.

Collection of Books

Books for the sale come primarily from
two sources. The first is discards from the
library collection, which provides a steady
assortment of books no longer needed in
the library. The second source, donations
from the community, is also a reliable way
to get books. Acquiring donations requires
publicity, which may include notices at all
checkout desks in the system, news re-
leases for both print and broadcast media,
notices in monthly mailings from city/
county offices or private businesses like
banks, and posters placed in public areas.4
A new sale will require more constant
publicity to generate donations than a
well-established sale. Publicity may indi-
cate what items are not accepted (maga-
zines, records, etc.) and where people may
take donations. Clearly marked contain-
ers placed in visible locations at each li-
brary branch provide both publicity and a
convenient location for dropping dona-
tions. In Durham, books
can be taken straight to
the library garage, which
also serves as a sorting area
and sales location.

Sorting

Sorting of books into cat-
egories for the sale is best
done all year as donations
come in. Friends respon-
sible for sorting may meet

North Carolina Libraries

"

ona regular basis or sort individually when
their schedules permit. The easiest way to
sort is directly to labeled shelves in a work-
room or storage area. When shelves be-
come full, books can be transferred to
boxes and clearly labeled by category.
Chapel Hill uses more than thirty catego-
ties, Durham just over twenty. A small sale
can manage with a few broad categories.
oThe categories should be diversified
enough to provide easy customer selec-
tion and yet not so numerous that confu-
sion results when books are displayed at
the sale.�5 When sorting into categories
such as fiction, history, science, etc., donTt
forget an all-important category " dis-
cards. Durham throws out books in bad
condition and anything that experience
has shown wonTt sell, such as old text
books, ReaderTs Digest condensed books,
and magazines.

Library acquisitions staff have first
Claim on any donated books needed for
the library collection and check donations
on a regular basis. In Durham, several
sorters are experienced enough to put aside
books that are likely additions to the col-
lection, thus saving staff time.

Pricing

When pricing books, consider your audi-
ence. DurhamTs sale attracts bargain hunt-
ers and their pricing system is simple. All
Paperbacks are fifty cents; all hardbacks
are one dollar. Last yearTs reference books
are quite popular and are priced at two
dollars, except for encyclopedias which
are individually priced based on age, con-
dition, completeness, and popularity of
the set. A few special books are individu-
ally priced at higher rates " new popular
fiction, sets of books, books of local inter-
�,�st, or autographed books might be placed
on this special table. Chapel Hill attracts
more serious book collectors and has a
more complicated pricing system, with
Paperbacks priced at one-quarter of their
Original price and hardbacks priced by
estimating their popularity.

Storage

As donations and discards accumulate,
Storage space can becomea concern. When
storage space in the workroom or sorting
area is exhausted, Friends should search
for other space in the library or forroom in
the larger city/county government sys-
tem. If these options donTt work, private
companies with warehouse space may be
asked for temporary storage.

A second way to deal with a storage
problem is to have an additional sale. If
Durham has a large inventory left after a
Sale, they will have a one-day-only Bag
Sale at which five dollars allows a shopper

North Carolina Libraries

to fill a grocery bag with books. Chapel
Hill makes donations of leftover materials
to local schools or other nonprofit groups
that have use for them.

Date and Place of Sale

When setting a date, one needs to consider
national holidays as well as local events.
Chapel Hill, in a university town, canTt set
its fall date without checking the UNC
football schedule, the schedule for fall
break, and the townTs fall festival. Durham
chooses to schedule its fall sale at the same
time as the townTs fall fair, as both events
bring people to the downtown area. Once
a date is picked, a facility must be reserved.
Libraries needing to reserve public facili-
ties may set a date as much as a year in
advance.

Publicity

Use the same venues for publicity as are
used for collection of donations. Consider
including announcements of the sale in
the classified ads where yard sales are listed
" Durham has found this to be worth the
cost. Be on the lookout for other opportu-
nities. A Durham Friend appeared on the
local news with the weather man to pub-
licize a recent sale. The book sale commit-
tee should be working closely with the
Friends publicity committee and the
libraryTs public relations staff person.

During the Sale
Volunteers
In addition to the book sale committee,
volunteers are needed to set up, run, and
clean up after the sale. This is the oppor-
tunity to involve the larger membership of
the Friends of the Library and also library
staff. In addition, groups from the com-
munity can be involved. Chapel Hill uses
high school students to set up tables and
put out books.

Volunteers serving as cashiers or shelf
restockers should be scheduled in advance
and reminded just before the sale.

Security

Security is an issue which must be consid-
ered. Since DurhamTs sale occurs at the
library when it is open, money can be
placed in the library as it accumulates. If
necessary, the Friends treasurer can make
arrangements for night bank deposits.
Entrance and exits to the sales area should
be located so that people cannot leave
without paying.

After the Sale

Friends members and staff should clean
up immediately after the sale and return
any borrowed equipment. The book sale
committee should meet shortly after

the sale to note successes and things
that need to be changed for the coming
year, and to prepare a report for the next
FOL Board meeting.

Spend the Money

- At Durham County Public Library, the

FOL budget goes to support various activi-
ties such as the newsletter and the WriterTs
Series. But a significant chunk of it sup-
ports library projects such as a family lit-
eracy project, speakersT fees and other pro-
gram expenses, and staff development ac-
tivities. Twice a year, staff submit propos-
als for projects. These are reviewed by
library division heads who evaluate them
for

1) appropriateness of Friends
support " no ongoing opera-
tional costs are approved;

2) completeness of proposal and
sufficient justification;

3) potential impact on future
budget requirements and on
staff workload; and

4) how well proposals serve the
objectives of the libraryTs long-
range plan.

The FOL Board then evaluates the propos-
als and chooses which will be supported.

Variations on a Theme

Many possibilities exist around the stan-
dard book sale. Durham has a Friday
evening preview sale for FOL members
only and sells many memberships at the
door. Chapel Hill has an auction of rare
books on the evening before its sale be-
gins. The sale of additional items, such as
library tote bags or Friends of the Library
T- shirts, also can take place. Other Friends
groups have coupled their sale with addi-
tional activities such as a poster contest for
children or a literary contest that takes
place during the sale. Whatever you choose
to do, plan to work hard, have fun, and sell
those books.

References

1 Sandy Dolnick, ed. Friends of the Li-
brary Sourcebook. (Chicago: American Li-
brary Association, 1990), 87.

2Taffy Bodman, Book Sale Biography
(Chapel Hill, N.C.: Friends of the Chapel
Hill Library, 1983).

3 Gloria M. Coningore and Margaret
Mayer, oBook Sales,� in Friends of the Li-
brary Sourcebook. ed. Sandy Dolnick, (Chi-
cago: American Library Association, 1990),
109-120.

4Tbid., 109-110.

~Tbid., 110.

Spring 1995 " 17

SY in edition

Editor's Note: North Carolina Libraries presents this feature in recognition of the increase in excellent unsolicited manuscripts that merit
publication, but are not necessarily related to each issue's specific theme.

Recess Could Have a Whole New Meaning
As Children Travel the World on a Wire

by David F. Warlick

everal years ago, when I had only been using the
Internet for a short time, I was experimenting with a
service called Internet Relay Chat or IRC. It is like CB
radio on the Internet, where people can talk with each
other via their keyboards. I had subscribed to a chat channel and
found myself in the midst of a conversation in progress among

North Carolina
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cpowell@nando. net
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johnson@micronet.wcu. edu

E,T.F,G,W

18 " Spring 1995

four computer science students.
They were discussing a major
exam they had just taken. I
broke in after several minutes
and introduced myself, explain-
ing what I did for a living and
my interest in the Internet. The
students politely faked an inter-
est in my work and we talked
(keyboarded) for about 30 min-
utes about what school chil-
dren might be able to do with
the Internet. Finally, one of the
students suggested that we meet
for pizza and continue our con-
versation. I keyed, oSure,
where?� Another kid typed the
name of a pizzeria that ITd not
heard of (having only lived in
Raleigh for a few months). I
asked for the address, and was
given the name ofa street which
I had not heard of. I finally
keyed, oWhere are you guys,
anyway?� And they answered,
oReykjavik..., Iceland.�

I took a rain check on the
pizza, said good-bye, logged off,
and patted myself on the
shoulder for such an impres-
sive feat of technology. How-
ever, it was several weeks later
that I realized the true signifi-
cance of this event. It was not
that I had communicated with
people from another country,
but that ITd communicated

with them for a half-hour without knowing that they were in
another country.

This story suggests an important model for the world in
which our current students will function. They will produce,
contribute, consume, seek entertainment, and make friends in a
world where their geographic location is not important when
compared to their skills in accessing and processing information,
generating ideas, and using technology to communicate those
ideas. This is why it is important for us " educators "to begin
to understand the potentials of global networking in the school
and to teach students about the Internet, giving them opportu-
nities to use the medium to access people and information.

The global network provides us with unique opportunities to
enrich traditional instruction by allowing teachers and students
to have access to information independent of time and space
(two limitations of print), and to express their ideas and knowl-
edge to an audience other than just the teacherTs grade book. This
article discusses some of the ways that classroom teachers might
use the Internet to accomplish this.

For the sake of discussion, I will attempt to classify educa-
tional Internet activities into three categories: writing, informa-
tion sharing, and information accessing. Many telecomputing
projects have elements of more than one of these categories "
actually making the educational experience a richer one for its
participants.

Writing

Internet electronic mail (e-mail) and group mail services (mail
lists and newsgroups) have given North Carolina educators the
opportunity to communicate globally for a number of years.
FrEdMail, since 1990, and Learning Link, for the past two years,
have utilized gateways to the Internet, allowing teachers and
students to send messages beyond these two networks to users of
other telecomputing networks around the world. With the
appropriate equipment, teachers have been able to compose
messages, address them to colleagues in other states or nations,
and send the messages through the network to recipientsT elec-
tronic mail boxes.

This simple process also provides a large audience for student
authors. Their writings (keyed into a computer and saved on a
disk) can be uploaded into the electronic message and sent to a
distant (or near) classroom for other students to read. This is
extremely motivating to student writers, who know that their

North Carolina Libraries

work will be seen by unknown readers, and result in a substantial
increase in the number of students with a positive attitude
toward writing.!

One activity that is frequently used by teachers who are new
to telecomputing is penpal projects " sometimes called keypals
or telepals. Two teachers from different geographic locations
match students to write introductory letters to each other. The
writing can be based on an agreed-upon theme or simply can be
designed to help students learn about cultural differences, thus
providing an opportunity to integrate writing into other disci-
plines. A common activity is to have students impersonate
someone else. In Person County, fifth grade students from Bethel
Hill Elementary asked questions through e-mail of famous people
in history. Person Senior High students, using a little research
and a lot of imagination, pretended to be the historic characters,
answered the questions, and replied with questions about the
future impacts of their accomplishments.

Although a simple concept, student-to-student writing ac-
tivities can be difficult to coordinate. For instance, students will
be impatient to receive responses from their penpals, who are
composing and editing their own letters. Teachers must schedule
class or computer lab time and deal with students who are absent
or slow at the keyboard. By the time students finally have heard
from their penpals, they may have lost interest " a valuable
commodity in the classroom.

Class-to-class writing projects are easier to coordinate and
tend to run more smoothly than long-distance ones. Rather
than working with the logistics of getting twenty plus electronic
letters each to a specific student, the teacher merely publishes
the studentTs writings to one or more classes for mass reading.
Instead of personal letters, students are publishing to a greater
audience. Classes typically write and transmit their files to each
other at the same time, facilitating more interactions and less
waiting.

The notion of publishing can be an explicit part of an
Internet project. Two classes " or many classes " submit
articles, poems, or creative writings to a

with mail lists or newgroups provides teachers with hundreds or
thousands of other educators, an invaluable resource. One mail
list, Kidsphere, is distributed to 1,500 Internet addresses, many
of which are distribution points to other regional networks for
teachers.

As telecomputing stations become more numerous in schools
and as more homes go on-line with services such as Prodigy and
America On-line, children will gain more opportunities to use the
Internet independently. It is important for those who supervise
children to realize that Cyberspace is in many ways a mirror of the
real world, that it reflects the good but also the bad of our society.
Although the Internet provides libraries, museums, and play-
grounds for children, it is largely the domain of adults and
includes discussions of topics that would be confusing or contro-
versial for children. There also remains some pornography for
those with the perseverance to find it, as well as undesirable
people lurking in electronic alleys. Although this aspect of the
Internet has been somewhat overemphasized by the media, it
should be an issue of concern; precautions must be made to
protect children. Because of the democratic nature of the Internet
it is difficult to impossible to censure material on the network
and, to some, censorship is not an appropriate solution to the
problem. A proactive course of action is to aim students in the
direction of more educationally appropriate materials. In select-
ing on-line services, ask to have a preview of their Internet access
point. Check the homepages for their links to the Internet to
make sure that they do not point to inappropriate sites. Also
check the complete list of newsgroups that are available to users.
If there are inappropriate newsgroups, ask the service provider
whether specific accounts can be prevented from subscribing to
certain newsgroups.

Just like in the real world, there are rules that children must
be taught to obey. Although Cyberspace is physically a safe place,
children must understand that they should avoid links between
the electronic and real world by following rules when talking
with people on the Internet:

@ Never tell your whole name (in fact, it

central location, where the writings are
compiled into a single publication for
many to enjoy. The Newsday project on
the FrEdMail and SchoolNet networks pro-
vides a newsgroup for classes around the
world to submit writings. This
newsgroup becomes a source of material
from around the world for just as many
Classes to select and compile into their
own publications, thus involving skills
in writing, critical reading, planning,
and desktop publishing.

Another example of a class-to-class
activity is electronic story starters. Yvonne
Andres, of the Global Schoolhouse
Project, recently began a Global Peace
Poem. The poem was sent out over the
FrEdMail network where it was added to
by classes along the way. Before its
completion, the poem circled the globe
Six times.

Educators, too, benefit from e-mail
by carrying on dialogs " or multilogs "
with colleagues. Some teachers say that
the greatest impact of e-mail is the abil-
ity to communicate with teachers in
their own schools, where overwhelming
Schedules prevent them from collabo-
tating face-to-face. Public messaging

=a

is not a bad idea to have an on-line
pseudonym)

@ Never share your address, school, or
even the city in which you live with
on-line acquaintances.

e If an on-line partner makes you un
comfortable in any way, simply leave.
No one is stronger than you are in
Cyberspace.

e Ifaperson is acting inappropriately for
the particular Internet discussion site,
write down his name and the time,
and report this to the Internet service
administrator. Many times the person
can be tracked down electronically
and confronted.

This opportunity also should be used
to discuss appropriate behavior on the
Internet. Help children to understand
that the Network is a domain for commu-
nication much like the real world. And
just like in the real world, users must
remain sensitive to the feelings of others.
This is especially true since e-mail does
not provide the more subtle means of
communication through facial expres-
sion and posture. Children also should
be helped to understand that in the Infor-

North Carolina Libraries

Spring 1997 " 19

mation Age, information is a commodity, and the computers
that store it are property.

Information Sharing
For centuries, students have learned about their world from
within the walls of school houses, where their only sources for
information were textbooks and school libraries. The Internet
has provided schools with the opportunity both to solicit and
contribute information to a global network of schools "a virtual
school house. These information-sharing activities most fre-
quently take the form ofan electronic survey giving the soliciting
class access to a wealth of real-life, peer-generated information
that they can process into conclusions. These surveys can be
simple and fun, such as the number of red, orange, and green M
& M's per pack. They can also be quite serious with powerful
consequences. Classes in North Carolina during the 1992 presi-
dential campaign conducted electronic surveys on issues rel-
evant to the election as part of the VoteLine project. The results
of the surveys and conclusions made by the students based on
media and demographic research were entered into computer
spreadsheets that they used to calculate projected outcomes of
the election and to test owhat-if� scenarios. Teachers reported
that they had never seen students discuss political issues with
more enthusiasm.

Classes also can share and compile culturally significant
information by asking for games, folktales, jokes, or proverbs, or
what word others use to refer to a carbonated beverage. Classes
in North Carolina shared cultural information with Australia by
electronically surveying information and then creating travel
guides. The guides were electroni-
cally published across the Pacific so
that eleven-year-olds from both
countries would know howto dress,
talk, and act were they to visit each
otherTs land.

Another project that demon-
strates much of the potential of
Internet-based information sharing
is telefield trips. A class in Martin
County might be planning a field
trip to the Outer Banks to see the
Wright BrothersT Memorial. They
could announce this trip on the
Internet so that other classes across
the country who also are studying
early aviation might e-mail to the
Martin County class lists of ques-
tions about the first powered flight.
The North Carolina students would
become researchers for hundreds of
other students, arriving at the park
with many questions for the guides
"whoare surprised that the souve-
nir shop is less important than learn-
ing about aviationTs most famous
brothers.

Information Accessing

More and more schools are gain-
ing odirect access� to the Internet.
This means that once connected
to an Internet service the teacher
or student can use a variety of
software tools (Telnet, Gopher,
WorldWideWeb) to reach beyond
that service providerTs computer,

20 " Spring 1999

through the Internet, and into the information of thousands of
other networked computers. With these information accessing
tools creating hyperlinks between Internet documents, these
teachers and students begin to realize a vast web of intercon-
nected information that envelops the globe. This gives schools
access to a wide range of information both historic and current,
and in a variety of formats: text, graphics, audio, and video. They
have a global library with resources greater than any school
media center.

Government documents, as a result of legislation, are being
posted onto the Internet before they are printed. The President
of the United States and many House and Senate members are
posting documents regularly on the Internet for public access.
For instance, the full text of the 1994 State of the Union Address
was on the Internet by 9 a.m. the morning after President
Clinton made the speech.

There is another aspect of the Internet as an information
resource that is particularly important to classroom applications.
It is digital. Information that is retrieved from the Internet comes
from computer disks and typically is saved to a computer disk.
This enables teachers and students to utilize their own informa-
tion processing tools to use the information that they retrieve in
very powerful ways. For instance, organized data sets can be
loaded into a database or spreadsheet program and analyzed to
solve very specific problems. The Earthquake Center at the
University of Washington contains files for every earthquake
recorded in its labs since 1969 " by year. One could download
the file for 1993, import it into a database program, and answer
questions about the locations, magnitude, and times of earth-
quakes around the world.

Another powerful tool for
using Internet-accessed informa-
tion is the search function on stan-
dard word processing programs.
As part of the VoteLine project,
high school students had access to
the complete texts of major
speeches made by both presiden-
tial candidates. The students could
load the speeches into a word pro-
cessing program and search for
key words (i.e., education, de-
fense), easily comparing and con-
trasting the candidateTs published
positions on specific issues.

These aspects of on-line in-
formation can be particularly help-
ful in high school instruction. By
nature, learning in the upper
grades is more information inten-
sive than the elementary and
middle grades. One reason that
the high school classroom remains
a teacher-centered, lecture-based
environment might be that much
of this information is largely static.
It is contained in text books, li-
brary reference works, periodicals,
and newspapers. Even recent at-
tempts at automation have merely
provided more efficient access to
print information. Internet-based
information, however, is by na-
ture more current, fluid, manipu-
lative, searchable, and far easier to
mold into unique information

North Carolina Libraries

products. One example of how these characteristics might be
utilized in the high school would be to assign a small group of
students in a civics, U.S. government, or history class the on-
going project of tracking the activities of the President of the
United States and producing a hypertext document that links
opromises to actions.� The students might download from the
Internet the o1994 State of the Union Address,� and import it

MUMFORD

into HyperCard or any of a number of other hypermedia pro-
grams. This document might be used as the center or hub of the
product. As students work in rotating subgroups, they monitor
the text of new speeches and position papers as they are posted
on the Internet, download, and create links to related passages in
the oState of the Union Address.� Newspapers and news maga-
zines also can be monitored for comments and actions made by
the President, scanning the information onto disk, import-
ing it into the hypermedia program. They might download
and look at campaign speeches from 1992 made by the
President and other post-election activities. An added di-
mension might be links to comments made by student team
members discussing why links were made and opinions on
why actions differ from promises. These annotations could
be audio or video files. The product then could be copied,
distributed, archived, and made available in the library or
over the school network, and even shared with other schools
across the nation and beyond through the Internet. The
Network provides the opportunity not only to learn infor-
mation, but the interact with it, and use it as building blocks.

In the Future

One application of the Internet that holds much promise
(when sufficient numbers of Internet computers are in
place in schools) is networked virtual environments. Usu-
ally called MUDs, they are similar to the old adventure
games where the player reads about their environment and
navigates the space by typing simple commands; go north,
go down, pick up, read sign, etc. There are hundreds of
MUDs on the Internet now, but most are intended for
entertainment. However, Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
nology has established a text-based rendering of the Media
Lab where media researchers around the world can set up
virtual offices, meet and discuss issues related to electronic
media, or develop virtual information tools and toys (text-
based VCRs and video cameras). Several virtual universities
also have been created that students can log in to and take
courses for credit.

With networked virtual environments, K-12 students
could log in to a virtual museum, move from room to room
and read about the exhibits; ogo transportation in the
past�, olook Viking ship.� Not bound by time or place, the
students actually might board the Viking ship, raise the
sail, and suddenly find themselves sailing through the icy
North Atlantic with a crew of Vikings with the ability to
change course and bark orders. Employees with the North
Carolina Department of Environmental Health and Natu-
ral Resources are creating on the Internet a text-based
rendering of a waste water treatment plant. Students will
be able to visit, read about, and actually operate the facility

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Spring 1997 " 21

by typing in simple commands.

Researchers at MIT, driven by the same constructionist
concepts that brought us Logo programming, are carrying this
one step further by developing a simple programming language
that allows students to create their own text-based virtual envi-
ronments. Rather than building dioramas of a Native American
village, students could create text-based renders, where they
could walk through the village, enter the teepees, use their tools,
and talk with the occupants.. oAt-risk� students in Phoenix,
Arizona created a city on the Internet during the summer of 1993.
Their next project is to create a text-based rendering of the
continent of Europe. Virtual renderings of other countries also
are appearing on the Internet, providing students of languages a
place to go and practice their skills by maneuvering in an
environment based on that language.

NC G.R.I.D. (Global Research using Internet Databases)
The North Carolina Department of Public Instruction is conduct-
ing an ongoing project called G.R.I.D. (Global Research using
Internet Databases). Among the goals of the project are to
determine the best uses of the Internet in terms of facility logistics
and software interfaces, and to identify educationally appropri-
ate Internet resources and effective applications of those re-
sources. The findings, thus far, point to more Internet accessing
stations in the schools, logistically placed for convenience " not
just where the phone lines are. The interface is also important.
The Library of Congress should be only a mouse click away and
not at the end of fifteen menu selections and IP addresses. oIt
needs to be as easy to use as a CD-ROM,� one teacher said.

Conclusion
There is hardly any area of education that cannot be affected
positively by use of the Internet. It is as fundamental as the

FOREIGN BOOKS
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FAX (914) 948-0784

22 " Spring 1999

hallway to the media center and as specific as the precision scales
in the chemistry lab. It provides for students the very words of
the parents of our society and allows teachers access to the latest
in research-based instructional techniques.

The equalizing effect of the Internet alone should be enough
reason to begin providing it to all schools in North Carolina.
When we can give to students in the most rural and isolated
schools in the state the same global library as our wealthy urban
schools, we are moving in the right direction toward addressing
one of the major problems of education in North Carolina.

Reference

Istephen J. Zoni, oImproving Process Writing Skills of Sev-
enth Grade At-Risk Students by Increasing Interest through the
Use of the Microcomputer, Word Processing Software, and Tele-
communications Technology,� ERIC #: ED350624 (1992).

: The Internet Locations for Resources
Mentioned in this Article

Requests for penpals:
gopher://wealaka. okgeosurvey1 " 11/ ne keypals
Internet Project Proposals:
gopher://ericir.syr.edu/11/ Ed/ Projecis
President ClintonTs 1994 State of the Union Address:
_ gopher://info.tamu.edu/00/.data/politics/1994/deliver.0125
Other speeches and townhall meetings in 1994:
gopher://info.tamu.edu/11/.dir/pres.1994/pres.townhall.dir
Documents from the 1992 Presidential Campaign:
gopher://gopher.tamu.edu/11/.dir/campaign.dir
_ The Earthquake Center at the University of Washington:
ftp://geophys.washington.edu/pub/seis.net
_ Earthquake files are oloc.year" _
Information on educational applications of networked,
~~ text-based virtual environments:
gopher://mcmuse.mc.maricopia.edu _
_» To go the the Global Network Academy:
__ telnet://microworld.media.mit.edu 8888 connect guest
To go to Diversity University: telnet: //erau. db.erau.edu 8888
connect guest
To visit the text-based rendering of M.I.T.Ts Media Lab:
__ telnet://purple-crayon.media.mit.edu 8888 Login as guest
To visit a virtual museum: telnet://merlin.nando.net 4201
Create a character, leave the bus station, take Wally Way
east to Municipal Blvd, and take a left to the MetroMud
Museum of Imaginiation. =
_ For the virtual waste water treatment plant:
_ telnet://merlin.nando.net 4201 :
Create a character, leave the bus station, take Wally Way
west and a right on Front Street across the Elver River, then west.

The InfoWeb Project

Since this article was written, the North Carolina Department of Public
Instruction has established an Internet information service called InfoWeb. A
WorldWideWeb site, the InfoWeb is designed to assist educators in North
Carolina and to inform the stateTs citizens.

Among the services of the InfoWeb are links to a wide variety of instructional
resources on the Internet and materials developed by department staff that
are aligned with the North Carolina Standard Course of Study. Also available
are educational statistics and policy documents; access to education legisla-
tion; links to national education resources on the Internet, including the ERIC
database; and a virtual tour of the Education Building in Raleigh (great view
of Raleigh from the fifth floor).

The InfoWeb project also will be establishing Internet based facilities for
group discussions on topics from student information management to the
eighth grade computer competency test.

The InfoWeb is on the Inlenlet at: http://www.dpi.state.nc.us

For more infonmation, contact David Warlick at
919-715-1518 or dwarlick@dpi.state.nc.us

North Carolina Libraries

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North Carolina Libraries Spring 1999 " 23

Port

24 " Spring 1999

How Much Is Enough?

by Kenneth Marks

nyone who has ever raised a child has had the experience of dealing with a never
ending series of requests for money to do all the things-that children feel they must
do. Never mind that they receive an allowance; they always come back asking for
more. For some reason a child believes the parent has a bottomless pocket full of
money. Of course, parents know the pocket is not bottomless. When a parent finally
draws the line and holds firm, providing no more allowance, it is amazing the
resourcefulness that children will demonstrate. Sometimes they even find jobs.
Libraries are analogous to children in many ways when it comes to the libraryTs relationship
with a parent institution. Libraries are always asking for more resources. Libraries never have
enough resources. Libraries are always living at the edge of financial insolvency because they are
convinced their oparent� will tide them over to the next regular allowance. Those few times when
the parent institution draws a line, it is equally amazing what a library can do.
The fact of the matter for libraries is that they have lived at the edge of ogenteel poverty�
for so long that they have become reliant on the whimsical generosity of their parent institu-
tions. Libraries have been allowed to live with just enough to sustain life, but never enough to

_ develop into the full-fledged adult organizations they could become if they took the initiative to

be financially self-reliant.

The question that has to be asked is why have librarians allowed themselves to be trapped in
this relationship? It is a ofact of life� that no individual or organization can survive if they try to
be all things to all people. Librarians have ensconced themselves on the off-ramp from the inform-
ation rich world of the future by trying to be all things to all people and not being willing to place
an accurate value on the work they do and the services they provide. Until librarians are willing

~ to differentiate between the various services they provide by placing identifiable and quantifiable

values upon each one, libraries will not move beyond their opoor relation� status in society.

Why is it that librarians have been unwilling to place a price on the various services they
provide? A review of any segment of city government, state government, or public education (K-
12 or higher education) reveals an established practice of levying fees for an ever-expanding array
of services. These agencies do not seem to have any inhibitions in charging these fees simply
because there is some concern about a portion of the population being disadvantaged by not
being able to pay the charge. What is so sacred about libraries that librarians should hold their
organization to be different? Perhaps, librarians are afraid that their clientele will discover how
little value the services really have if they are faced with having to pay for them. Perhaps,
librarians are afraid they will really be held accountable for performing in a measurable manner if
their clientele have to pay for certain services.

There are librarians who say that putting a value on services and levying charges will create
a ohave� and ohave not� environment. The answer to that concern has to be, so what! Con-
tinue to keep the libraryTs doors open to its clientele and let them have access to the book
collection. Once a patronTs need moves beyond the general collection, why shouldnTt there be a
fee charged for services provided and information delivered? What is so fundamentally wrong
with recovering the cost of providing these services that go beyond the original mission of the
library? If a libraryTs patrons believe there is value in these specialized services, they will be
prepared to pay for them. If the patrons arenTt willing to pay then, perhaps, the services arenTt
as important as the librarians have tried to convince themselves they are.

One important factor that librarians need to keep in mind is whom the library is for. It
certainly should not be for the librarian although, all too often, a telling argument can be made
that a library is nothing more than a monument to the librarian or librarianship. If a commu-
nity finds that starvation-level library service is satisfactory, then why should the librarians try
to move that community where it does not believe it needs to go? If print collections provide a
satisfactory level of support, why should librarians aspire to an electronic alternative if the
community does not need it or want it?

North Carolina Libraries

_Gounter- Point

When You're Deserving "

ThereTs Never Enough!

by Harry Tuchmayer, Column Editor

used to think that if we turned our bookdrop room into a library bookstore we would be
rolling in the dough. Just think about it, no longer would we need to purchase circulat-
ing copies of the GED exam book, or Do Your Own Divorce in North Carolina " only to
have it LOST in circulation after its second use. Instead, all we would need to do is keep
an adequate stock of these and other titles in high demand in the new bookstore, and

our problems would be solved. ;
That wasnTt the only idea I had either. The opportunities to raise

money appeared to be endless: pushcart vendors in our beautiful

adjacent courtyard selling hot dogs and pretzels, a basement coffee-
house complete with poetry readings and Chardonnay, and a gift shop selling
local trinkets as a memento of a childTs first visit to the library. In fact, we even
tossed around the idea of breaking into the lucrative tourist market by doing
much more than publishing and selling a few genealogical sources compiled
locally. Why not really branch out and work with the local chamber of com-
merce and area hotels to provide opackage tours� to the area for the growing
number of retirees discovering the joys of family history!

Once we got going, I had no doubt we could raise the money. After all, who
needed to worry about start-up costs or even meeting basic overhead expenses.
With a core of well-paid government workers, (OK, so we have access to a few
eager volunteers, too), and an infrastructure bought and paid for by taxpayers,
we had nothing to lose and everything to gain, or so I thought!

Libraries do have a lot to lose! The issue is much bigger than merely raising
a few extra dollars of loose change. It goes to the very heart of the current
national debate over the role of government " what should government
provide its citizens, and what services, if any, are we willing to fund. By jumping
on the bandwagon of greater self-sufficiency, are we in essence supporting the
view that libraries donTt need, or even warrant, further government funding?

It is precisely now, when funding is threatened and resources are most
scarce, that libraries must be viewed by the nation as an essential service, worthy
of its support! And if we abdicate our responsibility to justify support now, who
in his right mind will ever give it to us in the future?

DonTt misunderstand, arguing in favor of continued and adequate govern-
ment funding of libraries does not mean justifying needless and unwarranted
expenditures! Support for libraries can only come when librarians are willing to
refocus their energies on basic services and cut out this nonsense that libraries
should be all things to all people! We must be ready to defend services that are
essential, but we must also be willing to eliminate from consideration services
that honestly donTt belong.

We must be willing to ask ourselves the hard questions, and eliminate
programs that are tangential at best. If we fail to do so ourselves, there are a lot
of angry and careless people ready to do it for us! Fundraising and other activi-
ties designed to exceed adequate support of programs do have their place, but
never as a substitute for full and complete funding of needed services.

There is absolutely no question that libraries, like all other institutions that
feed off the public trough, need to reexamine their diet and cut out the fat. But,
as every parent knows, growing children, like growing institutions should not,

and cannot, be kept on a limited caloric intake as legitimate demands on their system grow. Just
imagine telling your growing teenager that he is going to have to downsize his appetite!

North Carolina Libraries

By jumping on the band-
wagon of greater
self-sufficiency, are we in
essence supporting the view
that libraries donTt need, or
even warrant, further
government funding?

" Tuchmayer

Libraries have been
allowed to live with just

enough to sustain life, but

never enough to develop
into the full-fledged adult
organizations they could
become if they took

the initiative to be
financially self-reliant.

" Marks

eto count

Spring 1995 " 25

ired to the

s they say in the literature, ousing your favorite

gopher pointer ...,� we will explore an index file

at Appalachian State University. (Actually my

gopher died a few days into the final month of

1994 just after sending me the message ounable to
connect to socket #$@%.� I had visions over the holidays
of this poor gopher lying in the snow in pieces with open
sockets between its legs and the rest of the body; I must
have watched too many reruns of oForensic Pathologist�
on television. I was forced into the new year sans Gopher,
relying only on my Chihuahua, who points to wherever
he pleases without regard to any of my wishes. This being
a new year I will start again at the beginning ...

To access computer files on the Internet using a
ogopher� system, you must have three things: a connec-
tion to the Internet (either directly, through a commercial
service, or via a pass-through public system such as a
university computer center); the appropriate gopher
software (either a so-called oclient� or stand-alone) for
your system; and finally, a computer or dumb terminal. If
any one of these elements is missing or fails, the gopher
system will not work. That was my problem; someone had
changed a part of the system and the socket connection
failed to work as it should have.

What a gopher enables you to do is to go to another
computer, sign on to that system using a special entrance
(called a port " although it really should be called a
burrow), and explore public files on that computer
system. The files we will be using today are at a computer
at the Center for Appalachian Studies at Appalachian State
University in Boone, North Carolina.

J. W. Williamson at Appalachian State has put on the
Internet, for the world to use, a file called the oSouthern
Mountaineers Filmography.� This file is typical of the type
you can use on a gopher-based system. You can either
print out the entire contents of the file, save it to your
computer, or search the file using a search system at the
computer at Appalachian State University. This file is
completely text-based. Other files available for download-
ing through gophers include computer programs (.BAS,
.XLS), sound (.WAV, .MID), still pictures (.GIF, JPEG), or
motion picture images (.JPEG, .MPEG). Other than just as
a plain file reader, this automatic logon and downloading
of files is the main use of gopher.

Now, back to our gopher at Appalachian State. The
file compiled by Williamson is a listing of all known
fiction films (and some nonfiction) identified as oAppala-

26 " Spring 1999

" by Ralph Lee Scott

chian� or oOzark� in subject matter made from 1904 to
the present. The file is updated online by the compiler as
new movies appear. Also included in the file are: oroman-
tic triangles in which at least one of the three principals is
~mountainT (e.g. mountain girl fought over by two men);
ocoonskincappers� [sic]; oJesse James movies�; ocoal
mining and steel making�; ohillbilly gal movies�; ohorror
or monster� based in the mountains; upland Civil War
stories; and osoft- and hard-core pornography that bases
its lust on place (mountains).� Each of these file types can
be searched by keywords such as oCivil War� or oporn.�
The complete file is about 150 pages in length, so some
librarians may want to download the whole Filmography
to paper, bind it, and put it in the book collection or
vertical file.

A typical entry includes the title, production com-
pany, and a brief annotated description of the film. For
some films the players, producers, and directors are
included. To get to this file, point your favorite gopher to:
acs.applstate.asu.edu port 70. From the main university
menu, select odepartments,� then select olibrary,� and
from the library menu select the Appalachian Center
menu. As mentioned above, at this point you can either
search the file through the gopher, download the file, or
view it on your computer monitor. Some typical entries
from the Filmography are quoted below:

ALEXANDER, WILLIAM FOSTERWICK, C C CHASE, BARBARA
PARKS
Comments: Sexploitation, set post-Civil War, when
Missouri bad boy Quantrill rules the bandits of Kansas,
and Frank James helps free an abducted and roped
young woman from QuantrillTs opleasure house.�

1969 SOD SISTERS / POPULAR PRODUCTIONS Produced by

J T URISHIN Directed by LESTER WILLIAMS

Starring: GENIE PALMER, BREEGE MCCOY, HANK

HARRIGAN, TIM E LANE, JAMES SCHACHT, GLEN STANNEL
Comments: A young man knocked unconscious while
involved in a robbery is taken home by a hillbilly named
Zeb, where his two licentious daughters take turns using
the young manTs body for sexual pleasure. Meanwhile,
Zeb is protecting his moonshine still.

North Carolina Libraries

1969 THE DEVILTS EIGHT / AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL

Produced and directed by BURT TOPPER

Starring: CHRISTOPHER GEORGE, FABIAN, RALPH MEEKER
Comments: A rip-off of The Dirty Dozen set in
moonshining country with dastardly moonshiners
taking the place of the Nazi high command. Group of
former prisoners trained by Christopher George to raid
and break up one of the largest moonshining opera-
tions in the South. John Milius contributed to the
script.

1970 THE MOLLY MAGUIRES / TAMM PRODUCTIONS/

PARAMOUNT Produced by MARTIN RITT/WALTER o

BERNSTEIN Directed by MARTIN RITT

Starring: RICHARD HARRIS, SEAN CONNERY, FRANK

FINLAY, SAMANTHA EGGAR, ANTHONY ZERBE, ART LUND
Comments: Mine owners hire Pinkerton spies to crack
a secret organization that is using violence to attack
the powerful and ruthless coal industry. Based on fact
and filmed on location in Eckley, PA, and in other PA
towns.

1970 THE MOONSHINE WAR / FILMWAYS INC/

METRO-GOLDWYN-MAYER Produced by MARTIN

RANSOHOFF Directed by RICHARD QUINE

Starring: ALAN ALDA, PATRICK MCGOOHAN, RICHARD

WIDMARK, WILL GEER, TERRY GARR
Comments: Script by Elmore Leonard, from his novel.
oBallad of the Moonshine� sung by Hank Williams.
Bizarre movie about government agents and bad guys
trying to get their hands on Alan AldaTs stock of fine
moonshine before the repeal of Prohibition. Alda as a
mtn moonshiner is an unintentional hoot.

The Southern Mountaineers Filmography is typical of
the type of file you can search using the gopher system. If
you want to practice at another library site having a
Similar system, you might want to check out the North
Carolina Periodical Index at East Carolina UniversityTs
Joyner Library. (see North Carolina Libraries, Fall/Winter
1994) The address for the gopher is: fringe.lib.ecu.edu.
Here you can reach a searchable index to current North
Carolina periodicals that was designed primarily to be
used by undergraduate students at East Carolina, but
which is highly useful to others in the state.

Finally, to end this oWired to the World� article on a
humorous note, a recent oFar Side� cartoon asks: How
can you tell if you have left the Information Superhigh-
way and are on the Information Dirt Backroads?? When
the sign at the computer reads: oBring a formatted eight-
inch floppy to download your information from our
computer.�

North Carolina Libraries


























ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Pattie Allen
Eduction: B.S., East Carolina University;
M.L.S., East Carolina University
Position: Media Coordinator, West Edgecombe
School

Joline Ezzell
Education: B.A., University of Maine; M.A., University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;
M.S.L.S., UNC-Chapel Hill
Position: Reference Librarian, Perkins Library, Duke
University

Chris Mulder
Education: B.A., Meredith College; M.S.L.S., University
of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
Position: Cataloger, North Carolina Newspaper
Project

Carol Passmore
Education: B.A., University of North Carolina at
Greensboro; M.L.S., North Carolina Central
University
Position: Director of Project LIFT, Durham County
Public Library

Denise Sigmon
Education: B.S Appalachian State University; M.S.L.S.,
Florida State University
Position: Chief of Technical Services, State Library of

North Carolina

Benjamin Speller
Education: B.A., North Carolina Central University;
M.A., Indiana University; Ph.D., Indiana
University
Position: Dean of the School of Library and

Information Sciences and Special Assistant

to the Provost, North Carolina Central

University

Steve Sumerford
Education: B.A., University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill; M.L.S., North Carolina Central
University
Position: Branch Manager, Glenwood Branch Library,
Greensboro Public Library

Rebecca Sue Taylor
Education: B.A., Bowling Green State University;
M.S.L.S., University of Kentucky
Position: Branch Manager, New Hanover County
Public Library

David Warlick "
Education: B.A., Western Carolina University; M.Ed.,
Instructional Technology, North Carolina
State University
Position: Consultant, Computer Services, North |
Carolina Department of Public Instruction

Spring 1995 " 27

NORTH CAROLINA



Dorothy Hodder, Compiler

tTs tempting to look at oMuggsy� Bogues as something of a novelty act, like a
singing dog or a bearded woman. After all, at five foot three inches tall, Bogues is
the shortest man ever to play in the National Basketball Association, and that by
a wide margin. Combine his small size with his ready smile and his lovable,
cuddly public persona and youTve got the perfect media creation. The only
problem with this view is that, in this case, the dog really can sing. Basketball
players around the world consistently have underestimated Bogues and usually have
paid the price.
In many respects, BoguesT life story is similar to that of numerous
NBA stars. He was raised in a poor neighborhood in Baltimore and was
introduced to basketball on the neighborhood playgrounds and in city
recreation leagues. Bogues was a standout at local Dunbar High School, a
Tyrone oMuggsy� Bogues and David Levine. national prep powerhouse, in the early 1980s, before going on to college
e . . stardom at Wake Forest University. He was a first round selection in the
In the Land of Giants: National Basketball Association draft and went on to professional fame
My Life in Basketball. and fortune.
What sets Bogues off from the crowd, however, is his ability to treat
his lack of size as an asset rather than a liability. At every level, Bogues
has succeeded in silencing his critics because of his refusal to believe the
doubters and his ability to use his assets in a creative manner. One of
the quickest players in the game, Bogues excels in a fast-paced, up
tempo game that delights fans and wears out opponents. He maintains
that the majority of a basketball game is played not in the air, where
high-flying giants rule, but rather on the floor, and who rules the floor
but the smallest player?

Although born and raised in Baltimore, Bogues has long ties with North Carolina.
After his Wake Forest career, he was drafted by the Washington Bullets, but played only
a single season with them before being selected in 1988 by the expansion team Charlotte
Hornets. He begins the 1994-1995 season as one of CharlotteTs best and most popular
players and one of only two original members still with the team.

Bogues tells his story with the assistance of veteran sportswriter David Levine. The
prose is workmanlike, conversational, and readable. In the Land of Giants is aimed at
popular audiences. It does not have an index or bibliography, but does contain a
selection of photographs. It is suitable for any general library.

Boston, et. al: Little, Brown and Company, 1994.
233 pp. $19.95. ISBN 0-316-10173-7.

In the Land of

" Jim L. Sumner
North Carolina Division of Archives and History

28 " Spring 1999 North Carolina Libraries

r. Shafffner, a retired professor living in Highlands where he runs a
bookshop, has done.a signal service in writing a highly literate and com-
mendable history of a small but distinguished library in Macon County. His
well-researched history always places developments at the library within the
national and even international literary scene but is less successful in fixing
the context within general library developments. He is wrong, in fact, to
claim it as the ofirst public library in North Carolina,� as the Asheville Reading Club
(1879) probably deserves that honor, as the direct ancestor of the Pack Memorial Library.
Wilmington and New Bern, which had a series of opublic libraries� during the nine-
teenth century, and Fayetteville, which incorporated one in 1794 but did not maintain
it, also have good claims to this distinction. But Southern library history is poorly
recorded, and Shaffner can be forgiven for not knowing the profes-
sional literature on the subject.
His book, always lively and well-illustrated, footnoted and
indexed, and bound in stiff paper, is perhaps of more service to local

Randolph P. Shaffner. historians than to librarians. While much attention is given to

individual books and people associated with the library and to details

Good Reading Mate rial, of local life and geography, no attempt is made to analyze circulation
Mo stly Bound and New: or patron status or other statistical or social matters. Although little

attention is paid to the challenge of integration in the 1960s,

The Hudson Library 1884-1994. HudsonTs incorporation into the Fontana Regional Library System in

Highlands, NC: Hudson Library of the Highlands the 1970s is well described from a book loverTs standpoint. The writer
T N.C., Inc., 1994. 256 pp. $23.9 5. deserves credit for carrying his story to the present, and if he avoids
~ ~ ISBN 0-9640078-3-5. delving deeply into some controversies, he at least suggests their

John O. Fussell, III.

presence. Highlands and North Carolina have been well served by a
book that transcends the type of short, commemorative, and self-
congratulatory work that usually passes for library history.

" Patrick Valentine, Wilson County Public Library

oastal North Carolina is a seasonal home to approximately four hundred

species of birds and is a popular location for bird watchers from all parts of

the country. Beginning with a survey of the area, Fussell examines the

climate, the physiography, and the habitat of the northern coast, the

Albemarle and Pamlico section, the Outer Banks, and the central and south

coast sections. A study of the terrain shows the reader why certain species
are likely to be found in a specific area. The list of birds is annotated briefly and
describes the season when they are likely to be present and the coastal section to which
they are attracted.

The real joy of this work is the section of guide maps that
occupies most of the book. Meticulous in detail, the narrative
accompanying each map almost guarantees success to even the
novice birder. Information in each entry includes the name, address,
and telephone number of the wildlife preserve or agency (if there is

A BirderTs Guide to one) and any other pertinent information needed to reach the
Coastal North Carolina location, no matter how remote.

Following the map section, the author presents more than eighty

Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994. pages of detailed information on 141 of the most sought after birds
540 pp. Cloth, $29.95. ISBN 0-8078-2146-2. and gives their usual schedule and location of appearance. This
Paper, $16.95. ISBN 0-8078-4453-S. thoroughly rewarding book concludes with graphs of each birdTs

a 2 BEND

North Carolina Libraries

monthly frequency of appearance.
The author includes both a species and a subject index. The table
of contents lists each site and agency described. This could be the
only book one would need to enjoy the birds of coastal North Carolina, but because of
the lack of detailed illustrations, one must be a veteran birder to use it alone. A frequent
user also may find the book bulky, which may be a problem when carrying it in the field.
The book does not claim to be a field guide, but it certainly could be one of the best with
the addition of color drawings. Appropriate for the general public.
The author is an environmental consultant and the author of Finding Birds in
Carteret County. :
" Judie Stoddard, Sampson-Clinton Public Library

Spring 1995 " 29

magine driving through the streets of Raleigh accompanied by a chatty tour
guide. He points out street signs, historical buildings, and schools while relating
interesting tidbits and folksy stories about passing landmarks. The NewTs and
ObserverTs Raleigh offers the armchair tourist a similar view of the capital.
This informal history is based on a 1991 supplement to the News and Observer,
commemorating the cityTs two hundredth birthday. Perkins, who is Book Editor
for the News & Observer, added an index, photographs, additional articles, and excerpts
from diaries and journals. The volume is divided into four parts emphasizing RaleighTs
beginning, the Civil War and Reconstruction, the early nineteen
hundreds, and the 1960- period of urban expansion. Accounts of
Union Civil War occupation, a hog-killing day, a typical boyTs day in
David Perkins, ed. the 1880Ts, and life in the once prosperous black community on

The News and Ob serverTs Raleigh: Hargett Street are a few of the eye-witness perspectives that make this
book enjoyable. Vignettes of important Raleigh educators, philanthro-

A Living His tory of North pists, builders, politicians and businessmen are presented along with
; J j their civic contributions. The differences in ambiance between Old
Carolina's Cap ital. Raleigh within the 440 Beltline and New Raleigh to the North are
Winston-Salem: John F. Blair, 1994. 202pp. $22.95 | amusingly explained.
ISBN 0-89587-121-1. Appropriately, several articles about the Raleigh newspaper
business are included. The political role that newspapers have played
in the capital is discussed from its beginning with two presses in 1799,
through the tumultuous Civil War era with fifteen papers, to the
present dominance of the DanielsT News & Observer. Readers who see
RaleighTs preeminent newspaper as the voice of liberal Democrats will
find support from such quotes as osince ...1894, the N&O has endorsed only two GOP
candidates in general elections.�

Perkins recommends MurrayTs Wake " Capital County of North Carolina as the best
source for authoritative information, and explains that his different ogoal was to create a
history that lived and breathed.� Consequently, the N&OTs Raleigh is an appropriate
purchase for school, public, and academic libraries as a more readable introductory
history of the capital area.

" Christine L. Thomson
Saint MaryTs College

ith the publication of Jim GrimsleyTs Winter Birds, once again Algonquin

Books brings the reader of serious fiction a stimulating novel with a North

Carolina connection. This strongly autobiographical novel traces the

experiences of an eight-year-old entangled in the family founded by a

habitually drunken and violent man and his abused wife. He writes of a

family plagued by a catalog of problems, including hemophiliac sons and
a physically and economically crippled father. The family also has a mother whose
strength maintains a balance within that family, and provides her children with a
protected area in which to survive.

The book is narrated by the older Danny, telling the story to his
eight-year-old self and pinpointing the source of personal courage
that will permit him to survive. He finds that courage in claiming his
motherTs terrible self-honesty as his own. Grimsley provides vivid

Jim Grimsley. portraits of characters recognizable beyond their personal circum-
Winter Birds. stances, in prose so in tune with the human voice that the reader will
want to search out performances of his plays and enjoy listening to
Chapel Hill, NC : Algonquin Brooks, 1994. 209 pp. his facility with speech.
$18.95. ISBN: 1-56512-075-2. Jim Grimsley is a playwright and writer-in-residence at the
7Stages Theatre of Atlanta, Georgia. He is the recipient of NewsdayTs
George Oppenheimer Award as the best new playwright of 1988.
Winter Birds is his first novel. It is an excellent choice for public and university library
fiction collections and may be considered for high school collections where there are
sufficiently mature readers.
" Nancy Schell Scott
Eastern Wayne High School

| SR SE ESS ROO

30 " Spring 1999 North Carolina Libraries

hen Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Mary Oliver said, oA mind that is lively
and inquiring, compassionate, curious, angry, full of music, full of
feeling, is a mind full of poetry,� she could have been describing the
minds of the fifteen contemporary North Carolina poets chosen by poet
Michael McFee for this sumptuous anthology. McFee, who has published
four books of poetry, includes his own poems in the anthology along
with the work of Betty Adcock, A. R. Ammons, Maya Angelou , James Applewhite,
Gerard Barrax, Kathryn Stripling Byer, Fred Chappell, William Harmon, Susan
Ludvigson, Heather Ross Miller, Robert Morgan, Reynolds Price, James Seay, and
Jonathan Williams.
McFeeTs anthology provides a generous sampling (eight to
Michael McFee, editor. twenty-six poems) by each poet, giving us more than a taste of the
e stylistic diversity of this gifted group of writers. The work included
The Lang uage Th 46 Sp eak is was done ae 1973 a 1993 i poets who have published at
Things to Eat: least two full-length books during that period. How did McFee

° decide who was a North Carolina poet? Several poets were born
Poems b Z F ifteen Contemp orary elsewhere; a number have lived outside the state for years. Accord-

North Carolina Poets. ing to McFee, they are North Carolina writers obecause they
choose to be so ... itTs as if " by birth or longtime residence "

Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994. North Carolina has chosen them, and they are working out that
270 pp. $24.95 cloth. ISBN 0-8078-2172-1. odd bond in concentrated lines and words, in the distilled spirits
$12.95 paper. ISBN 0-8078-4483-7. of poetry.� Many of the poems do deal with the dialectic between
landscape and consciousness, but this is not a collection of olocal
color� writing.
The stylistic variety of these voices is striking. The book makes
a reader feel lavished with its exacting perception and precision of
voice. From BarraxTs ofaith with roots� and Stripling ByerTs
exurberance in oWide Open, These Gates� to the luxuriance of
mind at play in HarmonTs intelligent work, the poems push
against what is expected in Southern literature, and while breaking
what is expected, end up giving us a new vision of North Carolina
poetry, of all poetry. This is a wonderful collection of many years of serious work. I agree
with McFee when he states that these poems are odirect and engaging, rich in image and
Re character and story and humor, with a genuine love of place.�
HoiaS BY THT ATROMSEACACTER Recommended for public and academic libraries.
Hinge! tone " Kathleen Halme

Se Serbaya tere eh University of North Carolina at Wilmington

(memes 196 7 / Jes See / john Winns / Aicae Adee eftor

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CURRENT EDITIONS, INC.
WHOLESALERS

TO LIBRARIES

858 Manor Street 1-800-959-1672
Lancaster, PA 17603 1-800-487-2278 (FAX)

"Support North Carolina Libraries"

North Carolina Libraries Spring 1995 " 71

Other Publications of Interest

For poetry collections, The North Carolina Poems of A.R. Ammons is an important
acquisition. Ammons, a native of Whiteville, is a professor at Cornell University and the
recipient of numerous honors and awards for his poetry. The opening poem sets the
tone for the collection: oI went back / to my old home / and the furrow / of each year /
plowed like / surf across / the place had / not washed / memory away.� The volume is
edited by Alex Albright, who also wrote a brief afterword. (1994; North Carolina
Wesleyan College Press, 3400 N. Wesleyan Blvd, Rocky Mount, NC 27804; 119 pp;
paper, $10.00; ISBN 0-933598-51-3-)

The Honest Account of a Memorable Life: An Apocryphal Gospel is Reynolds PriceTs
retelling of the life of Jesus, an assignment he gave to a seminar class studying the
gospels of Mark and John, and completed with his students. Beautifully published in a
limited, numbered edition, it will give readers an uncommon glimpse into the faith of
an author to whose work questions of faith are central. (1994; North Carolina Wesleyan
College Press, 3400 N. Wesleyan Blvd, Rocky Mount, NC 27804; ix, 46 pp; cloth, $25.00
plus $2.00 shipping and handling; ISBN 0-933598-52-1; signed, $50.00 plus $2.00
shipping and handling; ISBN 0-933598-X.)

A practical purchase for travel collections is North Carolina Getaways: A Guide to Bed
& Breakfasts and Country Inns by Don Vandeventer. The author includes seventy inns
and B&Bs where he has stayed, giving each a two-page description with photographs.
The western part of the state receives better coverage than the eastern in this chatty
guide. Regional maps and indexes to inns and major tourist attractions are included.
(1995; Down Home Publications, PO Box 1899-B, Candler, NC 28715, distributed by
John Blair, 1406 Plaza Drive, Winston-Salem, NC 27103; 192 pp; paper, $14.95; ISBN
1-886443-00-9.)

Public libraries serving the sportsman will want Coastal Fishing in the Carolinas: From
Surf, Pier, and Jetty by Robert J. Goldstein. The author covers equipment, bait, tackle,
and casting techniques used in fishing from the beach and from piers and jetties, as well
as detailed descriptions of the fish to be caught. There is a section called oWhere to Go�
with numerous fairly detailed maps and tips leading to the best fishing spots. Telephone
numbers are included for fishing piers, and restaurants and accomodations are men-
tioned in passing. Appendices include lists of manufacturers, fishing clubs, sources of
information, a well-illustrated section on fishing knots, and an index. (Revised edition,
1994; John F. Blair, 1406 Plaza Drive, Winston-Salem, NC 27103; xi, 190 pp; paper,
$12.95; ISBN 0-89587-117-3.) Also, especially for the western part of the state, consider
Trout Streams of Southern Appalachia: Fly-Casting in Georgia, Kentucky, North
Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee by Jimmy Jacobs. This is a detailed creek-
by-creek list with maps and photographs, and includes a list of sources for more detailed
maps, and an index. (1994; Backcountry Publications, an imprint of The Countyrman
Press, PO Box 175, Woodstock, VT 05091-0175; 335 pp; paper, $17.00; ISBN
0-88150-303-7.)

G. K. Hall

Large Print Books

P.O. Box 159 Ralph Davis

Thorndike, ME 04986 P.O. Box 144
800-223-6121 Rockingham, NC 28379

FAX: 207-948-2863 800-545-2714

32 " Spring 1999 North Carolina Libraries

Genealogy collections will be interested in Family Burying Grounds and Abandoned
Church Cemeteries in Guilford County, N.C. and Immediate Environs compiled by O.
Norris and Rebecca H. Smith. Originally published in 1978 and long out of print, it has
been corrected and updated. (1994; Guilford County Genealogical Society, PO Box 9693,
Greensboro, NC 27429-0693; vi, 41 pp; paper, $10.00 postpaid plus $.65 NC sales tax; no
ISBN.) Also, The Old North State in 1776, Volumes | and II with Index, by The Rev. Eli
W. Caruthers, D.D., has been republished. It is based on Reverend CaruthersT interviews
with many of North CarolinaTs participants in the military and political action of the
Revolutionary War period. (1994; Guilford County Genealogical Society, PO Box 9693,
Greensboro, NC 27429-0693; v, 247 pp; paper, $20.00 postpaid plus $.65 NC sales tax;
no ISBN.)

A response to the Little Rascals Daycare Center trial is Margaret LeongTs Magical Child
Molestation Trials: EdentonTs Children Accuse. She has included poems, testimony and
comments by the children and adults involved in the case. This collection and others are
available in self-published editions. (1993; New York Literary Press, PO Box 483, Chapel
Hill, NC 27514; unnumbered; paper, $5.95 plus $1.65 handling; no ISBN.)

A cookbook with an unusual twist is Creative Writing-Cooking: Recipes form the
Authors You Love compiled by the WritersT Group of the Triad and edited by Nancy
Gotter Gates. Most of North CarolinaTs finest contributed, so the reader can compare
cornbread recipes from Fred McLaurin, Clyde Edgerton, and Tim McLaurin, or duplicate
the Pork Liver Cupcakes that Lilian Jackson Braun makes for her cats. Most contributors
contented themselves with brief remarks and one recipe (Stephen KingTs two-ingredient
Lunchtime Gloop beat out Dave BarryTs Toast with Peanut Butter for briefest entry.) A
few of the recipes originally were worked into novels by their authors, notable among
these being T. Coraghessan BoyleTs Baked Camel (Stuffed). Indexed. (1994; Down Home
Press, PO Box 4126, Asheboro, NC 27204; 176 pp; paper, $13.95; ISBN 1-878086-30-8.)

VILS INCTSGOOD NEIGHBOR POLICY:

To offer exceptional
ision
eamwork
eadership

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as well as across the country and around the world.

At VILS, we believe good neighbors make good partners.

VILS Inc., 1800 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060 ¢ Tel: 800-468-8857 * Fax: 703-231-3648

North Carolina Libraries Spring 1995 " 33

he aguiappeT| North Canroliniana

compiled by Plummer Alston Jones, Jr.

Newspapers:
a Window to North CarolinaT s Past

by Chris Mulder and Denise Sigmon

oMany people like newspapers, but few preserve them; yet the most interesting reading imaginable is a
file of old newspapers. It brings up the very age, with all its bustle and every day affairs, and marks its
spirit more than the most laboured description of the historian.� " from the Wilson Advance, reprinted

in The Daily Journal, New Bern, Nov. 20, 1892.

As these words from over one hundred years ago suggest, our
stateTs local newspapers provide not only a detailed account of
our history, social life, and accomplishments but also capture
the essence of our culture. Unfortunately, these rich resources of
information about our past frequently are found crumbling on
library shelves, in storage rooms of newspaper Offices, or in attics
and barns. The mission of the North Carolina Newspaper Project
(NCNP) is to save our stateTs newspapers by identifying, catalog-
ing, and preserving them. The State Library of North Carolina
and the State Archives have joined forces to accomplish this
mission. State Library staff travel throughout North Carolina to
find newspapers, catalog them, and record location information.
Archives staff microfilm the newspapers to preserve them for
present and future use. The North Carolina Newspaper Project is
part of a nationwide effort called the United States Newspaper
Program. All fifty states participate in this program that the
National Endowment for the Humanities partially funds and the
Library of Congress coordinates.

NCNP staff have identified over 2,000 newspaper titles
published in North Carolina, including the North Carolina Ga-
zette, first published in New Bern in 1751. They have completed
an inventory of North Carolina newspaper titles at the N.C.
Division of Archives and History, UNC-Chapel HillTs North
Carolina Collection, and Duke UniversityTs Perkins Library.
NCNP staff currently are identifying additional newspapers
throughout the state.

Search and Rescue

NCNP staff are now ona search and rescue mission in all of North
CarolinaTs one hundred counties to locate old newspapers and
save them from obscurity and deterioration. Counties with few
microfilmed newspapers are being visited first. Project staff travel

*Laegniappe (lan-yapT, lan� yapT) n. An extra or unexpected gift or benefit.
{Louisiana French]

34 " Spring 1999

to libraries, newspaper offices, museums, and local government
agencies in each county. During their visits, NCNP staff examine
original print newspapers as well as newspapers on microfilm.
They inspect any print newspapers that are not available on
microfilm to determine the condition of the paper and the
completeness of the issues located. Staff also check newspaper
titles on microfilm for completeness and condition as well as for
location and quality of the master microfilm reels. Archives staff
use this information as part of their selection criteria when
establishing microfilming priorities for the project.

Preserving our stateTs newspapers would be impossible with-
out the support of the people of North Carolina. The participa-
tion of librarians and newspaper publishers is particularly crucial
to the success of the project. Librarians write articles for their area
newspapers and contact local collectors. Newspaper publishers
print press releases about NCNP and lend their collections for
microfilming. These efforts help ensure the success of the project.

The public library in each county seat usually serves as the
projectTs initial contact point. Before the NCNP staff arrive,
notices in the local newspaper describe the project, list needed
newspaper titles and issues, and announce the date and time
when project staff will be at the public library. Citizens are
encouraged to participate in the project by bringing needed
newspapers to the library during that time. These efforts help to
educate the people of the community about the project and the
importance of preserving the stateTs history for the future. Each
host library receives a table top display, project brochures,
posters, and want lists. The want lists include newspaper titles
and coverage dates needed for the county. Newspaper publishers,
historical and genealogical organizations, and other libraries also
receive copies of the brochures, posters, and want lists.

Field team staff had completed search and rescue operations
in forty-six counties by the end of 1994. Some newspapers
identified for preservation in those counties are awaiting trans-
port to Raleigh until Archives staff are ready to microfilm them.

North Carolina Libraries

Microfilming

Archives staff prepare the newspapers for microfilming by ar-
ranging them in chronological order, ironing wrinkled pages,
and mending damaged sheets. They create master negative
microfilm reels that are kept in a vault to protect them from
damage. In addition to a master negative, they also create a
master copy to use in reproducing reels for individuals and
libraries wishing to purchase them. Information about the cost
and content of this microfilm can be obtained from the Archives
and Records Section, Division of Archives and History, 109 East
Jones Street, Raleigh, NC 27601-2807, or by calling the Corre-
spondence Archivist at (919) 733-3952.

Microfilmed copies are also available for researchers in the
Archives Search Room. The Search Room, located on the second
floor of the Archives and History/State Library Building in
Raleigh, is open Tuesday through Friday from 8:00 to 5:30 andon
Saturday from 9:00 to 5:00.

News Flash: Headlines from our Past and
Insights for Today

One fascinating observation made by the NCNP staff in their
work with old newspapers is that todayTs concerns are not that
much different from those of the past. For example, one source
from the last century illustrates that the national debt was just as
much of a concern then as it is now. An article from 1867 states
that, oA pretty fair estimate of the magnitude of the National debt
may be formed when ... in the last statement, a clerical error
occurred of some thirteen millions of dollars. When a clerk has
room for making a trifling error like that, it may be assumed that
the entire debt must be moderately large.� In another example,
our ancestorsT hope for world peace is revealed. An editor writes
an article in an 1855 paper about a odynamite balloon,� a new
invention by Russell Thayer. He goes on to say that if oadopted
and admitted to general use among the nations it will do more to
put a period to wars than anything known.�

Newspapers invite us into

How to Find Newspapers

Users may locate newspapers included in the North
Carolina Newspaper Project through computerized == "
searching on OCLC or in sources provided by the State

Library on the Internet.

HL MeDUFPI erm
retiring

WIDE @ AWAKES=

FAYETTEVILLE, N? C.

EVERY WEOUESDAT NORMING,|,

their pages for information,
inspiration, education, and
entertainment. From their
pages we learn what people
were wearing, what price they

, SEPTEMBER 19, 1876.

OCLC
Project staff catalog each newspaper title and provide
location information in OCLC. This information indi-
cates the issues owned by libraries and whether the
newspapers are available on paper or microfilm. Inter-
library loan (ILL) staff at libraries may me
search OCLC to. determine locations
for specific newspaper titles. After re-
trieving an OCLC record, ILL staff may
request holdings under ulnepu (US
Newspaper Program) or ulnc$a (North
Carolina Online Union Catalog).

The OCLC symbol for the Division

paid for a loaf of bread, what
their leisure activities were,
and how they reacted to the
events of their time. Some of
the unique and wonderful
newspapers available on mi-
crofilm include Live Giraffe,
French Broad Hustler, HornetTs Nest, Wide
Awake, FoolKiller, Naked Truth, Rasp, and
We Know. These old papers capture time
and place and are a unique and wonderful
resource for anyone. They provide a win-
dow on the past that informs, entertains,
and enlightens all who read them. Perhaps

of Archives and History is sa4.
NCNP staff are entering microfilm
holdings into OCLC for the North
Carolina Collection at UNC-Chapel
Hill, Hunter Library at Western
Carolina University, Joyner Library at East Caro-
lina University, and many other libraries that
have purchased newspapers on microfilm.

Internet

The State LibraryTs Gopher and World-Wide
Web (WWW) servers provide information
about NCNP and the Guide to Newspapers on
Microfilm in the North Carolina State Archives,
an alphabetical listing by town of all newspapers
microfilmed by the Archives. The WWW server also
includes maps depicting projected completion dates
for local fieldwork.

The host address for the Gopher server is
hal.dcr.state.nc.us. From the State LibraryTs top
level menu select North Carolina Resources,
then select North Carolina Newspaper Project.
The URL (Uniform Resource Locator) for graphi-
cal browsers on the WorldWideWeb for the North
Carolina Newspaper Project is http://
hal.dcr.state.nc.us/tss/newspape.htm. The URL

even more important, the lessons learned

and recorded in our stateTs newspapers

provide perspectives and insights for to-
day that are not preserved in any
other source.

Additional Information
For additional information on
NCNP, contact John Welch,
Project Director and Assistant
State Librarian, Phone: (919)
733-2570. If you have informa-
tion about North Carolina
newspapers, contact Chris
Mulder, NCNP Fieldwork
Coordinator, Phone: (919)
733-4488; Fax: (919) 733-1843;
Internet E-mail address:
cmulder@hal.dcr.state.nc.us. For
assistance with the Gopher
and WorldWideWeb
servers, contact the North
Carolina Network Informa-
tion Center, State Library
of North Carolina, Phone:
(919) 733-3270; Fax: (919)

for the text-only version is http://

Publiced Brery Yor)

oDEMOCRATIC. 733-5679; E-mail address:

a

oTho Smallest Hair Throws w Shadow.�

hal.dcr.state.nc.us/tss/newstext.htm.

Established 1886.

slis.nic@ncdcr.dcr.state.nc.us.

oEDENTON, N. Ou. FRIDAY. October 19, 1888,

North Carolina Libraries

Spring 1999 " 39

Candidates
North Carolina Library Association 1 ? ? 5 . 1 99 /

Candidates for Vice-President/President Elect

Edward Thomas Shearin, Jr. Alice Beverley Gass
Director of Library/Learning Resources, Dean of Learning Resources,
Carteret Community College, Morehead Guilford Technical Community

J College, Jamestown
Education: A.A., Chowan College; B.A., NC Wesleyan College;
M.S. in L.S., ECU; candidate for the Ed.D. in Adult Education: Ph.D., Columbia
and Community College University; Certificate in
Administration, NCSU Advanced Librarianship,
Professional Activities: Columbia University, "
NCLA, Director; SELA; M.L.S., Emory University;

B.S., University of

NC Community Coll
eae oe Tennessee

Learning Resources
Association,
Past-President; Micro-
computer Users Group of
Librarians; NC On-Line
Users Group; workshop
leader on topics in
automation and net-
working

Professional Activities:
ALA (ACRL, LAMA,
Community and Junior
College Section, Chair);
NCLA (LAMA); North Carolina Community College Learning
Resources Association, Past-President; Association of Com-
munity College Instructional Administrators; American
Association of Women in Community and Junior Colleges;
Guilford Library Association; NC Department of Community
Colleges Task Force on Distance Education

Candidates for Secretary

Steve Sumerford
Branch Manager,
Glenwood Branch
Library, Greensboro

Education: B.A., UNC-CH;
M.L.S., NCCU

Professional Activities:
ALA (National Ad Hoc

Anna Yount Committee for ALA/Head
Director, Transylvania County Library, Brevard Start Partnership); SELA;
Education: B.A., ECU; M.S. in L.S., UNC-CH NCLACLIRCCUCONNIEE sett
tee, Chair; Conference Publications Committee, Chair; Commit-

Professional Activities: ALA (RQ Editorial Advisory Board, tee on AIDS Materials Awareness) State Literacy Resource Center
RASD/CODES Reference Sources Committee); Advisory Committee; Smart Start and the Public Library Work-
NCLA (Reference and Adult Services Section, shop, Director; Guilford Library Association, President; Branch
Vice-Chair/Chair-Elect, Secretary/Treasurer); Library Institute, Director; Community of Readers, Co-Director;
SELA; Beta Phi Mu; Phi Kappa Phi oCheck It Out,� Newsletter of Greensboro Public Library, Editor

SSS SSS SS SSS SSS SSS SS ES

36 " Spring 1997 North Carolina Libraries

Candidates for Director (elect two)
Peggy Olney

Media Services Director, Moore County
School System

Jackie Beach

Education:
ucation Director, Edgecombe County Memorial Library, Tarboro

B.A., Longwood College,
Farmville, VA;
M.L.S., NCCU

Education: B.A., Wake Forest
Wiiversity, MiIsS ECU:

Professional Activities:
NCLA (NCASL, Chair);
NCAECT, Past-President;
Ruth Pauley Lecture
Series, Chair; Delta
Kappa Gamma

Professional Activities:
ALA (PLA, LAMA); NCLA
(Public Library Section,
Past-President, LAMA); SELA
(Public Library Section, New
Members Round Table)

Award: Public Library
Development Committee

Barbara S. Akinwole
Reference/Business Services Consultant,
Division of State Library of

North Carolina Kay O. Spilker

Program Specialist in Media, Media/
Technology Services,
Winston-Salem/Forsyth
County Schools

Education: B.A., Saint
AugustineTs College;
Programming Certificate,
Chamberlayne Junior
College; M.L.S., NCCU

Education:
B.S., Appalachian State

Professional Activities: University; M.L.S., UNC-G

SLA; NCSLA, Chair;
ALA/BCALA; NCLA
(Public Library Section,
Reference and Adult
Services Section);
Capital Area Library
Association; State
Government Library
Association; NCCU/SLIS Alumni Association, President

Professional Activities:
ALA (AASL); NCLA
(NCASL, LAMA); Forsyth
School Media Association

North Carolina Libraries Spring 1995 " 37

NC SL Candidates
1995-1997

Candidates for Chair Elect

Melinda Eudy Ratchford
Director of Media and Technology,

Gaston County Schools

Edna Alston Cogdell:
Media Supervisor,
Cumberland County Schools;
Assistant Professor, School of
Library and Information
Sciences, NCCU

Education: B.S., ASU; M.L.S., UNC-G;
Sixth-Year Degree in Curriculum/
Instruction, ASU; PH.D, UNC-CH

Professional Activities: NCLA (NCASL);
NCAECT; NEA, National Delegate;
NCAE (State Delegate; Gaston
County, President; Committee for
Education, Resolutions, Commit-
tee Chair; Fair Employment and Professional Activities: ALA
Dismissal Review Panel; Charlotte/ (AASL); NCLA (NCASL); NC
Mecklenburg, President); NCAEOP High School Library/Media

Association

Education: B.S., Fayetteville
State University; M.S., NC
A&T; M.L.I.S., NCCU

Awards: Gaston County NCAEOP Administrator of the Year; District 2
NCAEOP Administrator of the Year; Editor of Gaston County
Navigator, winner of the State School Press Award

Candidates for Secretary

Freeda A. Holladay: Media Specialist,
Henderson Elementary

School, Salisbury Susan B. Clementson:

Media Specialist, Rosman

Education: High School, Rosman
B.S., University of Akron; : :
MLL.S., UNC-G Education: B.A., Florida State
: University

Professional Activities: : Ae
NCLA (NCASL, Conference Professional Activities: NCLA

Planning Committee; NC (NCASL); Student Library

Gulden aback Award AssistantsT Curriculum
Committee); Rowan- Committee; Transylvania

Salisbury ChildrenTs County Library Develop-

Literature Guild, President- ment Committee
Elect, Past President, Vice
President, Secretary

Awards: Cleveland Elementary School Teacher of the
Year; NCCAT Participant; Teacher Academy Participant.

Claudette C. Wiese: Media Coordinator,
Parkwood High School, Monroe

Education: A.A., Wingate College; B.S., Winthrop
College; M.Ed.L.S., Winthrop College; Ed.S., ASU

Professional Activities: NCLA (NCASL, Legislative
Committee, Treasurer)

Awards: Anson Senior High Teacher of the Year; NC
Technology Educator Award for.Grades 9-12;
Recognized in Media and Methods as 1 of 100
educators in nation who orank at forefront of
educational technology�

38 " Spring 1997 North Carolina Libraries

Candidates for Director from Piedmont

Ann B. McCormick:

Schools, Lillington

Education: B.A., UNC-CH;
M.L.S., ECU

NCAECT, Region 4 Director;
Phi Chapter,
Delta Kappa Gamma, President

Media Supervisor, Harnett County

Professional Activities: NCLA (NCASL);

Sue Spencer:
Director of Media and Technology, Randolph
County Schools, Asheboro

Education: B.A., UNC-G; M.L.S., UNC-G

Professional Activities: ALA (AASL); NCLA (NCASL,
Conference Committee, Executive Board);
AECT (NCAECT, Secretary, Conference
Committee, Co-Editor of Newsletter); NAPPS;
Phi Delta Kappa; Delta Kappa Gamma

Awards: NCDPI Technology Educator Award

Candidates for Director from Coast

Edna M. Gause:
Media Director, Brunswick
County Schools, Southport

Education: A.B., Shaw University; M.L.S.,
NCCU

Professional Activities: NCLA (NCASL,
Regional Director, Media Fair
Coordinator, Battle of the Books
Coordinator); NCAE, Secretary

Awards: Cited for leadership and
organizational skills

Kay Small:
Media Coordinator,
Trenton Elementary
School, Jones County

Education: B.A., Mars Hill College;
Miles. EGU

Professional Activities: NCLA
(NCASL, State Battle of the
Books Chair)

Awards: Governor's Volunteer
Award for Jones County

Candidates for Affiliate Assembly

Alyce Joines: Media Specialist,
Fairview Elementary
School, Guilford County

Education: B.A., UNC-G;
M.L.S., UNC-G

Professional Activities:
ALA (AASL; YALSA,
Public Relations
Committee); NCLA
(NCASL, newsletter
co-editor); Guilford
Association of School
Librarians, President

Jane Parker:

Media Specialist, Leesville High
School /Media Central
Teaching Staff, Wake County

Education: B.A., UNC-W;
M.L.S., ECU; Media Supervi-
sion Certification, UNC-G

Professional Activities: ALA
(AASL, Continuing Education
Committee, Information
Utilization Skills Task Force);
NCLA (NCASL, Membership,
Chair; Research Committee)

Awards: Outstanding Service
to Professional Development,
Wake County School System Board of Education

North Carolina Libraries

Spring 1995 " 39

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40 " Spring 1995 North Carolina Libraries

NorTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
Minutes of the Executive Board

January 20, 1995

Beaufort was the site of the first North Carolina Library Associa-
tion Executive Board meeting of 1995. President Gwen Jackson
presided at the meeting which began at 9:00 a.m. on January 20.
The following Executive Board members and Committee Chairs
were present: Barbara Baker, Augie Beasley, Joan Carothers,
Wanda Brown Cason, Cynthia Cobb, Eleanor Cook, Bryna
Coonin, Martha E. Davis, David Fergusson, Richard Fulling,
Dale Gaddis, Beverley Gass, Beth Hutchison, Gwen Jackson,
Gene Lanier, Judy LeCroy, Cheryl McLean, Carol Southerland,
Steven Sumerford, Patrick Valentine, Catherine Wilkinson, and
Cristina Yu. Also attending were Phillip Barton, President of the
North Carolina Public Library Directors Association; Elinor
Swaim, NCLIS Vice Chair; and Vice-Chairs Elizabeth Meehan-
Black, Janet Flowers, and Sue Cody.

Minutes of the October 5, 1994, Executive Board meeting
were approved. The TreasurerTs Report was also accepted as
presented by Wanda Brown Cason.

President Jackson reported that Martha Fonville, who had
served NCLA as Administrative Assistant for the past five years,
resigned in mid-December to take a position closer to her home.
Prior to her leaving, Ms. Fonville mailed renewal notices to
NCLA members. She also formulated the quarterly Membership
Report which shows 2,221 current members of the association.

Committee Reports

Conference Committee: David Fergusson presented a written
copy of the 1995 Conference Projected Budget. The committee
is planning several preconference activities, and the Ogilvie
Lecture speaker is set. The committee sees no need to raise
registration rates but requested a $50 increase in fees for ven-
dorsT booths. David Fergusson made the following motion
which was seconded by Wanda Cason: oFees for vendors to
NCLA Biennial Conference in 1995 be increased by $50.00 in
each category.�

During discussion of the motion it was pointed out that
some vendors have expressed concern that exhibiting at NCLA is
too costly. Others stated that they felt that large conference
attendance provided vendors with a cost-effective means of
reaching their customers. In answer to the question as to when
vendor fees were last increased, President Jackson stated that it
was sometime prior to 1989. The purpose for increased funding
was also explained"more money is needed to attract excellent
Speakers. After a period of discussion, the motion was passed.
Vendor fees for the 1995 Conference will be $350 if registered
before May 15,1995, with $300 as the cost of additional booths.
After May 15 fees will be $400 for the first booth, with $350 for
additional booths. There will bea meeting of conference program
planners in Greensboro on February 23. The NCLA Biennial
Conference will be held at Koury Convention Center in Greens-
boro October 2-6, 1995.

Constitution, Codes, and Handbook Revision: Chair
Kem Ellis was unable to be present because of an injury. He sent

North Carolina Libraries

the draft of a Bylaws amendment for Executive Board approval.
The amendment was deemed necessary so that the Bylaws can
be amended by mail vote rather than only at the Biennial
Conference. The text of the amendment is as follows:

ARTICLE V. AMENDMENTS

1. Amendments to the Bylaws may be voted on when a
quorum is present and shall receive a majority vote of the
members present or by mail ballot approved by a majority of
the members voting.

2. Notice of the proposed change in the Bylaws shall be
mailed to the membership at least thirty (30) days prior to
final consideration of the proposed change.

The committee noted that Article III Membership, Section 1 will
have to be amended by changing the words oa biennial� to oan
annual.� Section 5 will have to be amended by deleting the
words oof the last year of the biennium.� Dale Gaddis seconded
the proposed amendment. After discussion about numbering
mail ballots for accountability and about using electronic mail
for voting in the future, the amendment was unanimously
approved.

Conference Handbook Subcommittee: Janet Freeman
was unable to be present but sent the final copy of the committeeTs
work. President Jackson passed the handbook along to David
Fergusson, 1995 Conference Chair.

Finance: Beverley Gass told the Executive Board ofa special
meeting on the financial management practices of NCLA which
was held on January 6, 1995, in Chapel Hill. Eight participants
attended and drafted a resolution establishing new accounting
practices for the association. These changes were called for after
the firm of Elliot, Lang & Company determined that because of
the unauditable financial records of NCLA the firm could not
complete the associationTs 1992 tax returns. The firm averred
that they would complete the 1992 returns as well as those of
1993 if the association moved to establish new accounting
practices which would centralize accounting of all NCLA funds.
The resolution proposed by those attending the special meeting
was as follows:

WHEREAS, the financial records of the North Carolina
Library Association have been determined to be
unauditable by the firm of Elliot, Lang & Company.

WHEREAS, unauditable records render the preparation of tax
returns difficult and of questionable accuracy.

WHEREAS, the North Carolina Library Association lacks
appropriate accounting controls and does not adhere to
standard accounting principles and practices.

WHEREAS, the members of the Executive Board of the North
Carolina Library Association could be found personally
liable for what the Internal Revenue Service could consider
to be irresponsible financial management and accounting
practices in which the North Carolina Library Association
is now engaged.

Spring 1995 " 41

THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the Executive Board of
the North Carolina Library Association must work
diligently and quickly to rectify this situation by centraliz-
ing accounting of all NCLA funds through application of
the principles and practices of fund accounting and at the
same time guaranteeing protection for section control of
their portion of dues and other revenues that sections
generate.

David Fergusson seconded the resolution. Augie Beasley

offered an Addendum to the Budget Resolution:
Given that the policy of NCLA is to support the autono-
mous governance of its sections; and that includes section
control of its income derived from membership fees,
conferences, publications, and other revenues generated;
and that expenditures of sections are determined and
budgeted by sections; we therefore resolve that accounting
procedures be centralized by NCLA through the application
of principles and practices of fund accounting which
support the above policy and that any section funds not be
transferred until by-laws change consistent with the above
policies and procedures are in place.

There was no second to the Addendum. Several board
members voiced concern that a change in the Bylaws might
require too much time and stated that it was important that the
accounting changes be put in place as soon as possible. It was felt
that the wording of the original resolution guaranteed each
section control over its funds. In further discussion of the
original resolution, it was stated that the Administrative Assis-
tant should have had the responsibility for bookkeeping all
along. An accounting firm in Raleigh will be used for future

bookkeeping so that it will be convenient for the firm and the -

Administrative Assistant to work together. Several board
members noted that this accounting situation has needed to be
rectified for some time. Carol Southerland said that a Task Force
had already made the determination that this should be done"
the accountants had just forced the issue. Under the new system
each section head would approve expenditures but the NCLA
Administrative Assistant would write all checks. The resolution
was approved.

In fulfillment of a request made at the October board
meeting, Beverley Gass read two definitions to be included in
the minutes for future reference. The definitions were obtained
from Elliot, Lang, & Company:

audit: An audit is conducted in accordance with generally
accepted auditing standards. Those standards require planning
for the performance of an audit to obtain reasonable assurance
about whether the balance sheet is free of material misstatements.
An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the balance sheet. An audit also
includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
balance sheet presentation. A characteristic of an audit is the
rendering of an opinion by those performing the audit.

review: A review consists principally of inquiries of company/
organizational personnel and analytical procedures applied to
financial data. It is substantially less in scope than an audit in
accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Those
conducting a review do not express an opinion.

Governmental Relations: Carol Southerland submitted a
written report. Plans had been in place for Legislative Day in
Washington in April, but the date has now been changed to May
9, 1995. It is still hoped that arrangements can be made for a
luncheon on that date for all North Carolina legislators. Section
and round table chairs were asked to submit summaries of their
special concerns for information packets that will be distributed
to legislators. Public library directors are planning North Caro-
lina Legislative Day on May 10 in Raleigh. John Welch will
attend a legislative workshop at ALA Midwinter as a representa-

42 " Spring 1997

tive of the Governmental Relations Committee.

Intellectual Freedom: Gene Lanier submitted a written
report showing the work of the committee during the last
quarter. One item of considerable current interest is childrenTs
access to all Internet resources. Librarians throughout North
Carolina are urged to send reports of challenged materials to the
committee so that trends can be monitored.

Literacy: Steve Sumerford summarized a written report for
the committee. NCLA is providing its database related to
literacy to a number of state agencies. Work is being coordi-
nated with Smart Start. Presentations have been made around
the state and the committee is working to develop a database of
libraries with literacy programs.

Membership: Gwen Jackson reported that in December,
1994, 1,156 former NCLA members who had not renewed their
membership in recent years were sent a letter to encourage
renewal. Martha Davis displayed a new poster promoting
membership in NCLA which had been sent to the meeting by
John Via, who could not be present. Those attending were given
the chance to request copies of the poster for display in appro-
priate areas.

Nominating: Committee Chair Barbara Baker stated that
the nominating committee report was incomplete because two
more candidates for director were needed, and she asked that
board members make suggestions. The board approved the
report as presented. Candidates for NCLA officers in the next
election are:

Vice-President/President-Elect
Ed Shearin, Carteret Community College
Beverley Gass, Guilford Technical Community
College
Secretary
Anna Yount, Transylvania County Public Library
Steve Sumerford, Greensboro Public Library
Directors
Barbara Akinwole, State Library
Jackie Beach, Edgecombe County Public Library

President Jackson reported that the search for a new Adminis-
trative Assistant of the association is making progress. David
Fergusson and Gwen Jackson will join with the Search Committee
on January 24 to interview five finalists for the position. Barbara
Baker is Chair of the Search Committee; Bryna Coonin and Janet
Freeman are also members. President Jackson will inform the
membership of the person selected via NCLA-L.

Publications: The committee met on October 4 and pub-
lished the quarterly newsletter shortly thereafter. Eleanor Cook
told the board that members were anticipating merger with the
Marketing and Public Relations Committee. There is a vacancy on
the committee due to a member moving out of state, and this
position will be filled as soon as the new organizational structure
is clear.

Special Projects: Patrick Valentine asked advice from the
board concerning funding. The committee questions how much
money should be used for the Conference vs. how much should be
reserved for section, round table, and committee projects during
the biennium. General discussion addressed several points: re-
search and publications efforts are also eligible for Special Projects
funds; grants havea cap of $1,500, butifall who are eligible to apply
did so, there would not be enough money in the budget to fund all
requests; perhaps a cap of $20,000 should be set aside for confer-
ence programming leaving $6,000 for other projects; the amount
of available money depends on conference profits in each bien-
nium; funds are not carried over if not expended but revert to the
general fund. No motion for action was deemed necessary; the
committee will consider ideas of board members in determining
how to budget Special Projects funds.

North Carolina Libraries

Reports of Workgroups

Communications: Eleanor Cook reported for this group.
Members hope that the newly merged Publications Committee
will serve as a resource for the entire organization. They
continue to discuss a marketing plan and to study how promo-
tional efforts are intertwined with the objectives of those work-
ing in the areas of governmental relations and technology,
among others.

Organizational Issues: Cheryl McLean said the group ison
target with established benchmarks. They requested that each
section and round table return requested information by Febru-
ary 15, 1995, so that a compilation can be made to see how each
group supports the overall goals and long-range plans for the
organization.

Intellectual Freedom: According to Gene Lanier, this
group met all benchmarks by December 31. A chronological
notebook noting censorship efforts is being maintained. Re-
quests for information are received and answered on a regular
basis. There will possibly be a regional workshop on intellectual
freedom in 1996.

Technology: The committee agreed on several specific
strategies for emphasis. Executive Board members are encour-
aged to subscribe to and use NCLA-L, particularly in planning for
meetings and disseminating reports. At the April 1995, Executive
Board meeting there will be a fifteen-minute presentation by
Cristina Yu concerning how to use NCLA-L. Section chairs were
encouraged to assess technology training needs among their
members and to make such training an ongoing process.

Personnel: Martha Davis submitted a written report. A
number of benchmarks have already been realized. Sandra
Smith has drafted scholarship guidelines and these will be
refined. Information has been sent to schools regarding recruit-
ment into the profession. The suggestion was made that some
students be invited to attend North Carolina Legislative Day.

Other Reports

North Carolina Libraries: Frances Bradburn sent a written
report. The NCL editorial board held their annual retreat on
October 20 and 21. Upcoming issues are planned through
Summer 1997.

ALA Councilor: Martha Davis reported that discussion at
1995 ALA Midwinter Council will probably focus on the organi-
zation and structure of ALA. She recently surveyed ALA mem-
bers in North Carolina to ascertain their ideas about the selec-
tion of councilors. 457 surveys were sent, 252 to those who were
also NCLA members. Currently 51.6% of ALA members in
North Carolina also belong to NCLA. There were 60 returns on
the survey and they indicated diverse opinions about how at-
large councilors should be selected.

, SELA: A written report submitted by Dave Fergusson
noted that there are currently 82 North Carolina members of
SELA. SELA will sponsor a Leadership Conference in Atlanta
on March 24-25.

Section and Round Table Reports

ChildrenTs Services Section: New Chair Beth Hutchison re-
ported that the ChildrenTs Book Award Committee has distrib-
uted program booklets featuring the nominated books to all
school systems and public libraries across the state. Children
will vote for their favorite books during the month of March.
The sectionTs Spring Conference will be held April 3-4 at Brown
Summit Conference Center.

Community & Junior College Libraries Section: The
board for this section will meet on February 10.

Documents: New Chair Richard Fulling presented a writ-
ten report of the sectionTs Fall Workshop and Annual Meeting
on December 9. The workshop was entitled oGovernment
Documents and the Internet.� At a meeting on January 13,
Executive Board members began planning both a Spring T95

North Carolina Libraries

Workshop and their Fall 95 Biennial Conference Program.

Library Administration & Management Section: Dale
Gaddis presented a written report which told of the sectionTs
workshop on December 8-9 entitled oOut of Bureaucracy, Into
Leadership� which attracted sixty-one registrants. On April 6
the section will offer a Ropes Course in Alamance County.
Interest continues to grow in the Leadership Institute. LAMS
will edit the Summer 1996 issue of North Carolina Libraries on the
topic of leadership, with Robert Burgin serving as guest editor.
New members are being recruited for the section, and plans are
being made for the NCLA Conference in October.

NC Association of School Librarians: Augie Beasley told
of the sectionTs plans to co-sponsor, along with NCCUTs School
of Library and Information Sciences and Durham Public Schools,
the First Annual Student Media Fair in North Carolina. The fair
will give an opportunity for K-12 students throughout the state
to participate in the categories of audio, computer program,
multimedia, photographic essay, slide presentation, and video.
The event will be held on the campus of NCCU on March 18,
1995; the deadline for registration is March 3. NCASLTs biennial
conference will be held in August beginning in 1996.

Public Library Section: Steve Sumerford reported for
Margaret Blanchard. The section is working with the Govern-
mental Relations Committee to lobby for increased funding for
public libraries.

Reference & Adult Services Section: Bryna Coonin told
the board that the sectionTs spring program will be held Friday,
April 28, at UNC-Charlotte. Featured speaker will be Sandy
Cooper, State Librarian, who will talk about the Information
Highway and its users. RASS is at work on its program for the
Biennial Conference which will be moderated by Elfreda
Chatman.

Resources & Technical Services Section: Catherine
Wilkinson reported that RTSS sponsored a program at the SELA

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Spring 1995 " 43

conference, and work has now begun on two programs for the
Biennial Conference. The Executive Committee of RTSS will
award both a Student Award and a Significant Contribution
Award at the Biennial Conference. The nomination deadline for
both awards is July 31, 1995.

NC Library Paraprofessional Association: Joan Carothers
gave information about the Dupage Teleconference Programs.
These videotapes will be presented in the four regions of NCLPA.
The round table presented two programs on stress management
in November. Meralyn Meadows has been nominated for the
COLT staff award.

Round Table for Ethnic Minority Concerns: The REMCO
Board met January 12 at NCA &T University. Cynthia Cobb said
that discussion focused on conference program options, includ-
ing co-sponsorship with the Round Table on the Status of
Women, of a Biennial Conference session on recruiting and
retaining librarians.

Round Table on the Status of Women: Betty Meehan-
Black told the board of the round tableTs successful workshop in
October.

Technology & Trends Round Table: Cristina Yu said that
the round table will sponsor a teleconference in May on copy-
right in the electronic environment.

Old Business

The Executive Board reconsidered a motion made by David
Fergusson in October1994: oThe North Carolina Library Asso-
ciation, an affiliate member of ALA, proposes that ALA Council
members be elected geographically, either by state or by 203
state regions, with representation apportioned according to
ALA membership. This method of electing representative is
modeled on representation in most democratic assemblies, such
as the U. S. House of Representatives. The affiliate councilors
would continue to be elected as they are now (as in the U. S.

Senate). This change would greatly increase interaction be-
tween membership and Council and would redefine the ac-
countability of Council members.�

Fergusson stated that he did not believe the proposal of
the ALA Self Study Committee on this matter is sufficient. He
sees school librarians as under-represented and many coun-
cilors as being out of touch with present needs and intent on
their own agendas. Martha Davis said that the Self Study
Committee does believe that there should be changes in the
makeup of Council. Their recommendation at Midwinter will
be to keep 53 chapter councilors and eleven division council-
ors while reducing the at-large number from 100 to 95 and
making these have some constituency to whom they report.
Thirteen of these would be regional, 40 according to type of
library, and 42 allocated to percentage of membership in the
divisions. She requested two changes in wording of the
motion"�ALA Council members� to oALA at-large Council
members� and oaffiliate councilors� to ochapter and delegate
affiliate councilors.� These wording changes were approved
for clarification without formal amendment. Further discus-
sion of the motion addressed the effects of these changes on
librarians who move to a different area. Martha Davis re-
minded the board that one choice would be simply to do
nothing and leave Council as it is presently organized.

The motion was re-read and was passed.

Martha Davis then inquired as to what should be done with
the resolution. Suggestions included presentation of the NC
resolution on the floor at ALA Midwinter and/or sending letters
to all other state councilors to gain support for the resolution.
The board requested that Martha Davis make best determina-
tion of how the resolution should be presented.

The next matter to be discussed was the merger of the
Publications Committee with the Marketing & Public Relations
Committee. Upon advice of the Constitution, Codes and

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44 " Spring 1999

North Carolina Libraries

Handbook Committee, President Jackson abolished the ad hoc
Marketing & Public Relations Committee, declaring those mem-
bers now a part of the Publications Committee and continuing
to serve under that name. Marketing & Public Relations mem-
bers were asked to send any suggestions for changes in the
functions of the Publications Committee to Kem Ellis by Febru-
anys OF1995%

New Business
Martha Davis introduced two motions:
1) Because there may be discussion about getting rid of
chapter councilors, she moved that othe President of
NCLA write a letter to the ALA President, the ALA
Chapter Relations Officer, and to Bill Summers, Chair
of ALA Self Study Committee in support of chapter
councilors serving on ALA Council.� Dale Gaddis
seconded this motion. The motion passed unani-
mously.
2) Moved that othe North Carolina Library Association
endorse the resolution from the ALA Library History
Round Table on the preservation and retention of
existing and future library records, authored by James
V. Carmichael, NCLA member.� The motion was
seconded by David Fergusson. This motion also passed
unanimously.

News from the State Library

Sandy Cooper could not be present but sent thanks to the board
for supporting the State Library legislative agenda. She expressed
concern that the State Library is already experiencing $500,000
in cuts.

National Commission for Library and
Information Science

Elinor Swaim will be stepping down from a position on the
Commission which she has held since 1988. Recently commis-
sion efforts have focused on the reauthorization of LSCA and on
studies promoting technology in libraries.

PresidentTs Report

President Jackson summarized recent accomplishments and
challenges. A new Administrative Assistant will soon be hired.
The 1992 tax report has been filed. She pointed out the
opportunity to nominate a recent graduate in librarianship and/
or information science for the Snowbird Leadership Institute to
be held in August, 1995. She presented a challenge to board
members"that all would subscribe to NCLA-L by February 1. (A
poll of the 27 present at the meeting revealed that 11 are
currently subscribers.) The President thanked the committee
that prepared the Conference Handbook and thanked the Mar-
keting & Public Relations Committee for their past work. She
challenged board members to make three oe� words integral to
their efforts: energy, enthusiasm, and excitement.

" Respectfully submitted,
Judy LeCroy, Secretary

North Carolina Libraries



Instructions for the Preparation of Manuscripts
for North Carolina Libraries

. North Carolina Libraries seeks to publish articles, materi-
als reviews, and bibliographies of professional interest to
librarians in North Carolina. Articles need not be of a
scholarly nature, but they should address professional
concerns of the library community in the state.




. Manuscripts should be directed to Frances B. Bradburn,
Editor, North Carolina Libraries, Media and Technology,
State Dept. of Public Instruction, 301 N. Wilmington St.,

Raleigh, NC 27601-2825.

. Manuscripts should be submitted in triplicate on plain white
paper measuring 8 1/2" x 11" and on computer disk.



. Manuscripts must be double-spaced (text, references, and
footnotes). Macintosh computer is the computer used by
North Carolina Libraries. Computer disks formatted for
other computers must contain a file of the document in

original format and a file in ASCII. Please consult editor for

further information.





. The name, position, and professional address of the author
should appear in the bottom left-hand corner of a separate
title page. The author's name should not appear anywhere
else on the document.




. Each page should be numbered consecutively at the top
right-hand corner and carry the title (abbreviated if neces-
sary) at the upper left-hand corner.




. Footnotes should appear at the end of the manuscript. The
editors will refer to The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th
edition. The basic forms for books and journals are as
follows:



Keyes Metcalf, Planning Academic and
Research Library Buildings (New York:

McGraw, 1965), 416.



Susan K. Martin, oThe Care and Feeding of the

MARC Format,� American Libraries 10 (Sep-
tember 1970): 498.




. Photographs will be accepted for consideration but cannot
_ be returned.



. Upon receipt, a manuscript will be acknowledged by the

editor. Following review of the manuscript by the editor and
at least two jurors, a decision will be communicated to the
writer. A definite publication date cannot be given since any
incoming manuscript will be added to a manuscript bank
from which articles are selected for each issue.



10.North Carolina Libraries holds the copyright for all
accepted manuscripts. The journal is available both in print
and electronically over the North Carolina Information
Network.

11.Issue deadlines are February 10, May 10, August 10, and
November 10. Manuscripts for a particular issue must be
submitted at least 2 months before the issue deadline.



Spring 1995 " 45

NortTH CAROLINA LiprARY ASSOCIATION 1993-1995 EXECUTIVE BOARD

PRESIDENT

Gwen Jackson

Southeast Technical Assistance Ctr.
2013 Lejeune Blvd.
Jacksonville, NC 28546-7027
Telephone: 910/577-8920
Fax: 910/577-1427

VICE PRESIDENT/
PRESIDENT ELECT

David Fergusson

Forsyth County Public Library
660 W. Fifth St.
Winston-Salem, NC 27101
Telephone: 910/727-2556
Fax: 910/727-2549

SECRETARY

Judy LeCroy

Davidson County Schools

P. O. Box 2057

Lexington, NC 27293-2057
Telephone: 704/249-8181
Fax: 704/249-1062
JLECROY@DAVIDSN.CERF.FRED.ORG

TREASURER

Wanda Brown Cason

Wake Forest University Library
PO Box 7777 Reynolda Station
Winston-Salem, NC 27109-7777
Telephone: 910/759-5094
Fax: 910/759-9831
WCASONG@LIB.WFUNET.WFU.EDU

DIRECTORS

Sandra Neerman
Greensboro Public Library

P. O. Box 3178

Greensboro, NC 27402-3178

Telephone: 910/373-2269
Fax: 910/333-6781
John E. Via

Z. Smith Reynolds Library
Wake Forest University

Box 7777 Reynolda Station
Winston-Salem, NC 27109-7777
Telephone: 910/759-5483
Fax: 910/759-9831
JEV@LIB.WFUNET.WFU.EDU

ALA COUNCILOR

Martha E. Davis

M. W. Bell Library

Guilford Tech. Comm. College
P. O. Box 309

Jamestown, NC 27282-0309
Telephone: 910/334-4822
Fax: 910/841-4350

46 " Spring 1997

SELA REPRESENTATIVE

David Fergusson

Forsyth County Public Library
660 W. Fifth St.
Winston-Salem, NC 27101
Telephone: 910/727-2556
Fax: 910/727-2549

EDITOR, North Carolina Libraries

Frances Bryant Bradburn

Media and Technology

State Dept. of Public Instruction
301 N. Wilmington Street
Raleigh, NC 27601-2825
Telephone: 919/715-1528
Fax: 919/733-4762
FBRADBUR@DPI.STATE.NC.US

PAST-PRESIDENT

Janet L. Freeman

Carlyle Campbell Library
Meredith College

3800 Hillsborough St.
Raleigh, NC 27607-5298

Telephone: 919/829-8531
Fax: 919/829-2830
FREEMAN@UNCECS.EDU

ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT

(ex officio)

Christine Tomec

North Carolina Library Association
c/o State Library of North Carolina
Rm. 27 109 E. Jones St.

Raleigh, NC 27601-1023
Telephone: 919/839-6252
Fax: 919/839-6252
SLLA.MNF (NCDCR Prime address)

SECTION CHAIRS

CHILDRENTS SERVICES SECTION

Edna Gambling

Creech Road Elementary School
450 Creech Road

Garner, NC 27529

Telephone: 919/662-2359

COLLEGE anp UNIVERSITY SECTION

Plummer Alston Jones, Jr.
Corriher-Linn-Black Library
Catawba College

2300 W. Innes St,
Salisbury, NC 28144
Telephone: 704/637-4448
PAJONES@catawba.edu.

COMMUNITY anp JUNIOR
COLLEGE LIBRARIES SECTION

Shelia Bailey

Rowan-Cabarrus Comm. College
P. O. Box 1595

Salisbury, NC 28144
Telephone: 704/637-0760
Fax: 704/637-6642

DOCUMENTS SECTION
Michael Cotter
Joyner Library
East Carolina University
Greenville, NC 27858-4353

Telephone: 919/328-6533
919/328-4882
Fax: 919/328-4834

LBCOTTER@ECUVM1.BITNET

LIBRARY ADMINISTRATION anp
MANAGEMENT SECTION
Dale Gaddis
Durham County Library
P. O. Box 3809
Durham, NC 27702
Telephone: 919/560-0160
Fax: 919/560-0106

NORTH CAROLINA ASSOCIATION
OF SCHOOL LIBRARIANS
Augie Beasley
East Mecklenburg High School
6800 Monroe Drive
Charlotte, NC 28212
Telephone: 704/343-6430
Fax: 704/343-6437
ABEASLEY@CHARLOT.CERE.
FRED.ORG

NORTH CAROLINA PUBLIC
LIBRARY TRUSTEES ASSOCIA-
TION
John Childers
1101 Johnston Street
Greenville, NC 27858
Telephone: 919/757-6280 (w)
Fax: 919/757-6283

PUBLIC LIBRARY SECTION
Margaret Blanchard
Central North Carolina
Regional Library
342 S. Spring Street
Burlington, NC 27215
Telephone: 910/229-3588
Fax: 910/229-3592

REFERENCE anp ADULT SERVICES
Bryna Coonin
D. H. Hill Library
North Carolina State University
Box 7111
Raleigh, NC 27695-7111
Telephone: 919/515-2936
Fax: 919/515-7098
BRYNA_COONIN@NCSU.EDU

RESOURCES anp TECHNICAL
SERVICES SECTION
Catherine Wilkinson
Belk Library
Appalachian State University
Boone, NC 28608
Telephone: 704/262-2774
Fax: 704/262-3001
WILKINSNCL@CONRAD.APP
STATE.EDU

ROUND TABLE CHAIRS
NEW MEMBERS ROUND TABLE
Maria Miller
Lorillard Research Ctr. Library
420 English Street
Greensboro, NC 27405
Telephone: 910/373-6895
Fax: 910/373-6640
MILLERMS@CHAR.VNET.NET

NORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY
PARAPROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATION
Joan Carothers
Public Library of Charlotte and
Mecklenburg County
310 N. Tryon Street
Charlotte, NC 28202
Telephone: 704/336-2980
Fax: 704/336-2677

ROUND TABLE FOR ETHNIC
MINORITY CONCERNS
Cynthia Cobb
Cumberland Co. Public Library
300 Maiden Lane
Fayetteville, NC 28301
Telephone: 910/483-0543
Fax: 910/483-8644

ROUND TABLE ON SPECIAL
COLLECTIONS
Sharon Snow
Wake Forest University Library
P.O. Box 7777 Reynolda Station
Winston-Salem, NC 27109-7777

Telephone: 910/759-5755
Fax: 910/759-9831
SNOW@LIB.WFUNET.WFU.EDU

ROUND TABLE ON THE STATUS
OF WOMEN IN LIBRARIANSHIP
Anne Marie Elkins
State Library of North Carolina
109 E. Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27601-2807
oTelephone: 919/733-2570
Fax: 919/733-8748
SLAD.AME@NCDCR.DCR.STATE.
NC.US

North Carolina Libraries

EDITORIAL STAFF

Editor
FRANCES BRYANT BRADBURN
Media and Technology
State Dept. of Public Instruction
301 N. Wilmington Street
Raleigh, NC 27601-2825
(919) 715-1528
(919) 733-4762 (FAX)
fbradbur@dpi.state.nc.us

Associate Editor
ROSE SIMON
Dale H. Gramley Library
Salem College
Winston-Salem, NC 27108
(910) 917-5421

Associate Editor
JOHN WELCH
Division of State Library
109 East Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27601-2807
(919) 733-2570

Book Review Editor
DOROTHY DAVIS HODDER
New Hanover Co. Public Library
201 Chestnut Street
Wilmington, NC 28401
(910) 341-4389

Lagniappe/Bibliography
Coordinator
PLUMMER ALSTON JONES, JR.
Corriher-Linn-Black Library
Catawba College
2300 W. Innes St,
Salisbury, NC 28144
(704) 637-4448

Indexer
MICHAEL COTTER
Joyner Library
East Carolina University
Greenville, NC 27858-4353
(919) 328-6533

Advertising Manager/Point
CounterPoint Editor
HARRY TUCHMAYER
New Hanover Co. Public Library
201 Chestnut Street
Wilmington, NC 28401
(910) 341-4036

ChildrenTs Services
LINDA TANENBAUM
Westchester Academy
204 Pine Tree Lane
High Point, NC 27265
(910) 869-2128

College and University
ARTEMIS KARES
Joyner Library
East Carolina University
Greenville, NC 27858-4353
(919) 328-6067

Community and Junior College
BARBARA MILLER MARSON
Paul H. Thompson Library
Fayetteville Tech. Comm. College
PO Box 35236
Fayetteville, NC 28303
(910) 678-8253

Documents
MICHAEL VAN FOSSEN
Reference Documents
Davis Library CB #3912
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, NC 27599
(919) 962-1151

North Carolina Libraries

Library Administration and
Management Section
JOLINE EZZELL
Perkins Library
Duke University
Durham, NC 27708-0175
(919) 660-5880

New Members Round Table
RHONDA HOLBROOK
Glenwood Branch Library
1901 W. Florida St.
Greensboro, NC 27403
(910) 297-5000

N.C. Asso. of School Librarians
DIANE KESSLER
Durham Public Schools
808 Bacon St.
Durham, NC 27703
(919) 560-2360

North Carolina Library
Paraprofessional Association
MELANIE HORNE
Cumberland Co. Public Library
6882 Cliffdale Road
Fayetteville, NC 28314
(910) 864-5002

Public Library Section
JEFFREY CANNELL
Wayne County Public Library
1001 E. Ash St.
Goldsboro, NC 27530
(919) 735-1824

Reference/Adult Services
SUZANNE WISE
Belk Library
Appalachian State University
Boone, NC 28608
(704) 262-2189
Resources and Technical Services
FRANK MOLINEK
E.H. Little Library
Davidson College
Davidson, NC 28036
(704) 892-2151

Round Table for Ethnic Minority
Concerns
JEAN WILLIAMS
F.D. Bluford Library
NC A &T State University
Greensboro, NC 27411
(910) 334-7617

Librarians,

When your library
needs children's

books, why not consult
with a specialist?

Round Table on Special Collections
MEGAN MULDER
Wake Forest University Library
PO Box 7777 Reynolda Station
Winston-Salem, NC 27109-7777
(910) 759-5755

Round Table on the Status of
Women in Librarianship
JOAN SHERIF
Northwestern Regional Library
111 North Front Street
Elkin, NC 28621
(910) 835-4894

Wired to the World Editor
RALPH LEE SCOTT
Joyner Library
East Carolina University
Greenville, NC 27858-4353
(919) 328-6533

Trustees
ANNE B. WILGUS
N.C. Wesleyan College
Rocky Mount, NC 27804
(919) 985-5235

At Book Wholesalers, we specialize in supplying libraries with
children's books. We are large enough to supply you with
every children's book you need " yet small enough to offer you personalized,

dedicated service. Quite simply, we work with you to make sure you will never have to
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We offer you:

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Contact us today and speak with one of our representatives about how we can
end your worries when ordering children's books!

Spring 1995 " 47

NLA. North Carolina Library Association

Use the application below to enroll as a member of the North Carolina Library Asssociation or to renew your
membership. All memberships are for one calendar year. THE MEMBERSHIP YEAR IS JANUARY 1 THROUGH
DECEMBER 31. If you join during the last quarter of the year, membership covers the next year.

Dues (see below) entitle you to membership in the Association and to one section or round table. For each
additional section or round table, add $5.00. Return this form with your check or money order, payable to
North Carolina Library Association.

NCLA DUES
(Membership and One Section or Round Table)
m FULL-TIME LIBRARY SCHOOL mg LIBRARY PERSONNEL
STUDENTS (two years only) ... $10 Batmin SarpstOyplS;OO0 -... sc, -..2.c0:- $15
Earning $15,001 to $25,000........... $25
m RETIRED LIBRARIANS. ............. $15 Earning $25,001 to $35,000 ........... $30
gm NON-LIBRARY PERSONNEL: Earning $35,001 to $45,000 watet encore $35
(Trustee, Non-salaried, or Friends Earning $45,001 and above ........... $40
of Libraries member) ............... $15
gm INSTITUTIONAL (Libraries & m CONTRIBUTING (Individuals, Associations,
Library/Education-related and Firms interested in the work of
BUSHIESSOS) CS Seite. cose texans ooxest es: $50 NGEA) era Ret5e.. 04.055 kee $100
| FR Si eee OST aa ea Se ee oe
NORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
please print or type CHECK SECTIONS AND ROUND TABLES
New membership Renal ONE INCLUDED IN BASIC DUES. Add $5.00 for

Membership Number if Renewal

each additional section or round table.

ChildrenTs Services

Name

College & University Section
Community & Junior College Libraries Section

Last First

Title

Middle Documents Section

Library Administration & Management
NC Association of School Librarians

Library

NC Public Library Trustees Association

Business Address

Public Library Section
Reference & Adult Services Section
Resources and Technical Services Section

New Members Round Table

NC Library Paraprofessional Association
Round Table for Ethnic Minority Concerns
Round Table on Special Collections

State Zip

Daytime Telephone Number
Area Code

Mailing Address (if different from above)

Round Table on the Status of Women in Librarianship
Technology & Trends Round Table

AMOUNT ENCLOSED: (SEE ABOVE)

$ Membership and one section/round table

TYPE OF LIBRARY I WORK IN:
___. Academic

Public
School
Special
32 se Other

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
City
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

$5.00 for each additional section/round table

$ TOTAL (PLEASE DO NOT SEND CASH)

Mail to: North Carolina Library Association
c/o State Library of North Carolina
109 East Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27601-1023

3 THANK YOU FOR YOUR SUPPORT, NCLA Office Hours: Mon.-Fri. 9-1 Telephone (Voice & FAX) 919/839-NCLA

ESSENTIAL EDITIONS FOR THE UIBRARY

WILLIAM FRIDAY

Power, Purpose, and American Higher Education
by William A. Link

Link traces the long and remarkable career of William Friday, president of the University

of North Carolina for thirty years and one of this countryTs most influential educators.

oA good story of a great man. Bill Friday is
the best North Carolinian of his time. It is
elevating to read the intimate details of his
life, a chronicle of grace under pressure.�
"CHARLES KURALT

oAnything about Bill Friday is important
because his career as a teacher, philoso-

great qualities are in this new book.�
"DAVID BRINKLEY, ABC NEWS

2167-5, February, $29.95 Tr

THE PARTY AT JACKTS

A Novella

by Thomas Wolfe
Edited and with an Introduction by Suzanne
Stutman and John L. Idol, Jr.

The Party at JackTs affords a significant glimpse of
a Depression-era New York inhabited by Wall
Street wheelers and dealers and the theatrical
and artistic elite. Suzanne Stutman and John Idol
reconstruct Thomas WolfeTs novella as outlined
by the author before his death and present it
here for the first time, in its untruncated state.
oI think it is now a single thing, as much a single
thing as anything ITve ever written.� "Thomas
Wolfe, to his agent, Elizabeth Nowell

2206-X, April, $19.95 Tr

Mlustration © Ed Lindlof

by Elizabeth Lawrence
Edited by Bill Neal

pher, and leader is unsurpassed. All these

THROUGH THE GARDEN GATE

DAY

Power, Purpose, & American lieher Education

BIRDS OF THE SOUTH

Permanent and Winter Birds

by Charlotte Hilton Green

With a new Introduction and Appendix by
Eloise F. Potter

Long considered a classic, this charming collection
of essays details more than sixty varieties of birds
common to southern gardens, fields, and woods.

4516-7, March, $16.95 Tr paper
32 color plates + 32 black & white drawings
A Chapel Hill Book

THE TRAILS OF VIRGINIA
Hiking the Old Dominion

by Allen de Hart
New and Revised Edition

Originally published in 1984 and now completely
revised, this book is the most comprehensive
guide to hiking and walking trails in the Old
Dominion. Allen de Hart gives directions to and
descriptions of more than |,000 trails and covers
all national, state, county, and city recreational
areas with hiking or interpretive trails accessible
to the public. Twenty easy-to-use maps and
fifteen photographs supplement the descriptions.

4508-6, April, $18.50 Tr paper

Through the Garden Gate is a collection of 144 of the popular weekly
articles that Elizabeth Lawrence wrote for The Charlotte Observer from
1957 to 1971. With those columns, a delightful blend of gardening lore,
horticultural expertise, and personal adventures, Lawrence inspired
thousands of southern gardeners. oThis collection is a treasure.�
"ALA Booklist

1907-7, available, $24.95 Tr cloth
4519-1, March, $14.95 Tr paper

A Selection of the Garden Book Club
A Chapel Hill Book

ISBN prefix 0-8078-
Please write for our catalog

Post Office Box 2288, Chapel Hill, NC 27515-2288
Toll-free orders: Phone (800) 848-6224, Fax (800) 272-6817

Upcoming Issues

Summer 1995

Fall 1995

Winter 1995

Spring 1996

Summer 1996

Fall 1996

Winter 1996

Spring 1997

Summer 1997

Sex and the Library
Dr. Pauletta Bracy, Guest Editor

Resource Sharing
Barbara Miller Marson, Guest Editor

Conference Issue

School Libraries
Diane Kessler, Guest Editor

Leadership in Libraries
Robert Burgin, Guest Editor

Community of the Book
Rosemary Aronson, Guest Editor

Managing Technology
TBA

Regrowing Libraries
Suzanne Wise, Guest Editor

Library Construction and Design
Phil Barton, Guest Editor

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Unsolicited articles dealing with the above themes or any issue of interest to North Carolina librarians

are welcomed. Please contact the editor for manuscript guidelines and deadlines.

North Carolina Libraries, published four times a year, is the official publication of the North
Carolina Library Association. Membership dues include a subscription to North Carolina
Libraries. Membership information may be obtained from the Administrative Assistant of

NCLA. Subscription rates are $32.00 per year, or $10.00 per issue, for domestic

subscriptions; $50.00 per year, or $15.00 per issue, for foreign subscriptions. Backfiles are
maintained by the editor. Microfilm copies are available through University Microfilms.
North Carolina Libraries is indexed by Library Literature and publishes its own annual index.

Editorial correspondence should be addressed to the editor; advertisement

correspondence should be addressed to the advertising manager. Articles are juried.