[This text is machine generated and may contain errors.]
A non-reader in prison
is truly locked out
as well as locked up.
President
LELAND M. PARK
Davidson College Library
Davidson, NC 28036
(704) 892-2000 Ext. 331
First Vice-President/
President-Elect
PAULINE F. MYRICK
Moore County Schools
Box 307
Carthage, NC 28327
(919) 947-2976
Second Vice-President
M. JANE WILLIAMS
Division of State Library
109 East Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27611
(919) 733-2570
Secretary
ROBERTA S. WILLIAMS
Transylvania County Library
105 South Broad Street
Brevard, NC 28712
(704) 884-3151
Treasurer
EUNICE P, DRUM
Box 40034
Raleigh, NC 27604
(919) 733-4488
Director :
SHIRLEY B. McLAUGHLIN
Asheville-Buncombe Technical
College
840 Victoria Road
Asheville, NC 28801
(704) 254-1921 Ext, 300
Director
JERRY A. THRASHER
Cumberland County Public
Library
Box 1720
Fayetteville, NC 28302
(919) 483-1580
Past President "
MERTYS W. BELL
5608 Scotland Road
Greensboro, NC 27407
ALA Representative
EMILY BOYCE
Department of Library Science
East Carolina University
Greenville, NC 27834
(919) 757-6621
NCLA EXECUTIVE BOARD
1983-85
SELA Representative
REBECCA S. BALLENTINE
Institute of Government
UNC-Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
(919) 966-4130
Editor, North Carolina
Libraries
PATSY J. HANSEL
Cumberland County Public Library
P.O. Box 1720
Fayetteville, NC 28302
(919) 483-8600
SECTION/ROUND TABLE CHAIRS
ChildrenTs Services
KAREN M. PERRY
Archdale-Trinity Middle School
Box 232
Trinity, NC 27370
(919) 431-6714
College and University
ROBERT N. BLAND
Ramsey Library
UNC-Asheville, NC 28814
(704) 258-6543
Community and Junior
College Libraries
MARY AVERY
Learning Resources Center
Rowan Technical College
Box 1595
Salisbury, NC 28144
(704) 637-0760
Documents
STUART BASEFSKY
Duke University Library
_ Durham, NC 27606
(919) 684-2373
Junior Members Round Table
VIVIAN W.BEECH
New Hanover County Public
Library
201 Chestnut Street
Wilmington, NC 28403
(919) 763-3303
~N.C. Association of School
- Librarians ;
JUDIE DAVIE
Greensboro Public Schools
Drawer V _
Greensboro, NC 27402
(919) 378-9981
Public Library
JUDITH K. SUTTON
Public Library of Charlotte
and Mecklenburg County
310 North Tryon Street
Charlotte, NC 28202
(704) 336-2660
Reference and Adult Services
LARRY BARR
Department of Library and
Media Studies
Appalachian State University
Boone, NC 28608
(704) 262-2243
Resources and Technical Services
BENJAMIN F. SPELLER, JR.
School of Library Science
North Carolina Central UnviersitY
Durham, NC 27707
(919) 683-6485
Round Table for Ethnic Minority
Concerns
MARY P. WILLIAMS
J. Y. Joyner Library
East Carolina University
Greenville, NC 27834
(919) 757-6691
Round Table on the Status of
Women in Librarianship
PATSY J. HANSEL
Cumberland County Public
Library
Box 1720
Fayetteville, NC 28302
(919) 483-8600
Trustees
J. A. oJAKE� KILLIAN
P.O. Box 143
Peachland, NC 28133
(704) 272-8375
iS
th cQIOINO
COIS
ISSN 0029-2540
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Theme Articles: Institutional Libraries
in North Carolina
133 Introduction, James R. Myrick
135 OBerry Center Resident Library, Robert
C. Kemper and Nancy Hardee
138 Library Services at Broughton Hospital,
Mary E. Bush
140 The Governor Morehead School Library,
Alice B. Walker
143 Library Services for Deaf Students,
Wrenn Sharpe
146 Library Service at the North Carolina
Special Care Center, Johnnie M.
McManus
147 The PatientsT Library at Cherry Hospital,
Dale E. Doverspike
149 Beyond Books, Carol P. Lachenman
151 Organizing and Establishing a Prison
Library, Mike Johnson and
Sandra Morris
156 Finding the Line, John Michaud
Cover: Mike Johnson and Sandra Morris, oOrganizing and Estab-
lishing a prison library,� NorthCarolinaLibraries44 (Fall 1985):
151-155
Volume 43, Number 3
Fall 1985
158 I Work in a Prison, Michael Childress
160 A PrisonTs Library"A Look Inside,
Betty J. Gholston and P. T.
Lancaster
162 Sandhills Youth Center Library, Robert
E. Drake
164 Computer Project at Western Carolina
Center Library, Bird R. Williams
166 Use of a Microcomputer with Residents
and Staff at a State Institution
Serving Mentally Retarded Persons,
Mary Lou Lyon
Features
131 From the President, Leland Park
172 Supervision of the Libraries in a School
System, Arabelle Fedora
176 A Twenty-Five-Year-Old Dream Becomes
Reality, Nancy F. Bates
178 In Pursuit of State Aid, Nancy F. Bates
180 New North Carolina Books
190 NCLA Minutes
Advertisers: Ebsco, 148, 189; H. W. Wilson, 171; McGregor, 132;
Ruzicka, 150, 161.
Institutional membership in the North Carolina
Library Association is an important way to promote
libraries and library service in the state. Libraries
and media, learning resources and information
centers are eligible for institutional membership.
Dues are $50.00 per biennium. NCLA currently has
the following 52 institutional members:
Barber-Scotia College Learning Resources
Center
Bowman Gray School of Medicine,
Carpenter Library
Burroughs Wellcome Company Library
Cape Fear Academy Library
Catawba College Library
Catawba County Library
Cecils Junior College Library
Public Library of Charlotte and
Mecklenburg County
Cleveland County Memorial Library
Columbus County Public Library
Library of Davidson College
Davidson County Library System
Duke University, Perkins Library
�,�ast Carolina University, Joyner Library
Edgecombe County Memorial Library
Elon College Library
Farmville Public Library
Forsyth County Public Library
Gardner-Webb College, Dover Library
Greensboro Public Library
Guilford College Library
Henderson County Public Library
Iredell County Public Library
Public Library of Johnston County and
Smithfield
Livingston College, Carnegie Library
130"North Carolina Libraries
Methodist College, Davis Library
Montreat-Anderson College, Bell Library
North Carolina Central University, Shepard
Library
North Carolina School of the Arts Library
North Carolina State Library
North Carolina State University, Hill Library
North Carolina Wesleyan College Library
Pack Memorial Public Library (Asheville)
Pender County Library
Randolph County Public Library
Robeson County Public Library
Rockingham County Public Library
St. Mary's College, Kenan Library
Salem Academy and College, Gramley
Library
Sampson-Clinton Public Library
Sandhill Regional Library System
Scotland County Schools
Sheppard Memorial Library (Greenville)
Southern Pines Public Library
Union County Public Library
UNC-Asheville, Ramsey Library
UNC-Chapel Hill, School of Library Science
UNC-Charlotte, Atkins Library
UNC-Greensboro, Jackson Library
UNC-Wilmington, Randall Library
Wake Forest University Library
Western Carolina University, Hunter Library
From The President
In The News. NCLA and NCLAers have been
in the news in recent months, and it has been
impressive. I attended the ALA conference in
Chicago this summer and decided that my sched-
ule would be to appear anywhere and everywhere
an NCLAer was on a program, receiving an award,
presenting a paper or workshop, etc. Try as I did,
I couldnTt get to every one of the events, so many
were there. Everywhere I turned Tar Heels were
there and involved and leading and being recog-
nized. The headline news was that Dr. Marilyn
Miller of the School of Library Science/UNC-
Chapel Hill was elected on a write-in ballot as
president-elect of the American Association of
School Librarians. Also, NCLATs Intellectual Free-
dom Committee under the leadership of Dr. Gene
Lanier received the ALA Intellectual Freedom
Round TableTs State Program Award. The award
recognized the program which has been carried
out by Dr. Lanier and his committee for the past
several years. If you read the papers, you will
know that they have had ample cause to be busy,
too! Our congratulations to these folks and also to
all of the other Tar Heels who believe that we are
a part of a bigger library world and work for its
betterment.
Louise Boone. By the time this reaches the
printer, Miss Louise V. Boone, Director of the East
Albemarle Regional Library System, will have
retired. She has earned her retirement, in fact she
has earned a splendid retirement. No one has
labored more faithfully and fairly and effectively
for the betterment of libraries in our state than
has this charming lady. Louise Boone has served
as chairman of the Governmental Relations
Committee, leading the troops to Washington, to
Raleigh, or to any place needed to rally-the-flag
and spread the gospel of library service. It
mattered not whether the issue at hand directly
affected her eastern North Carolina library
System. If it is good for libraries"any libraries "
count on Louise Boone to be there and to be
heard. She has our admiration, our deepest
8ratitude, our best wishes, and our love.
stand up for
libraries
NORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
New Libraries. Two library systems recently
dedicated new library facilities, and I had the
pleasure of representing you at the festivities. The
Davidson County Public Library System, Mrs.
Nancy Bates"Director, has moved its head-
quarters library into a newly renovated grocery
store ... and such a grocery store! Dr. William
Friday, President of the Consolidated University
of North Carolina, was the principal speaker, and
there were large numbers of well-wishers there,
also. The Thomas H. Leath Memorial Library in
Rockingham, William Bridgman"Director, Jake
Killian"Chairman of the Board, was dedicated in
late July. Secretary of Cultural Resources Patric
Dorsey introduced Governor James G. Martin
who had the dedication address; Lt. Governor
Robert Jordan III brought greetings; and a host of
other dignitaries shared in the limelight of this
glorious day. (The Leath Library, by the way, isa
former grocery store, too! oMr. Winn Dixie� would
be green with envy if he saw these two buildings
now.) There have been other dedications which I
have not been able to attend, but each represents
one more testimony to the movement in our great
state for the improvement and expansion of
library services to all. We have much for which to
be proud ... and thankful.
New News. Our sections have been active in
their own right as publishers of newsletters for
their members. July saw the appearance of the
newest one, oThe Reference Desk,� published by
the Reference and Adult Services Section, Joel
Sigmon"editor. It promises to become a main-
stay in NCLATs publishing efforts. Our congratula-
tions.
Reflections. It is now mid-August and the
pace has been fast and furious for many NCLAers
working to pull together the most outstanding
conference ever. October 2-4 in Raleigh will be a
oshower of stars.� Governor and Mrs. James G.
Martin, Lt. Governor Robert Jordan III, Attorney
General Lacy H. Thornburg, Secretary of Cultural
Resources Patric Dorsey, Associate N.C. Super-
intendent of Public Instruction Dudley Flood,
ALA President Emeritus E.J. Josey, Congressman
1985 Fall"131
Major Owens, author David McPhail, author Joe
McGinniss, and Ogilvie Lecturer Charles V. Petty
comprise a most impressive line-up. I cannot
remember in my twenty years with NCLA ever
having this many public figures accepting invita-
tions to share in our biennial conference"and itTs
not even an election year! I think this indicates
that NCLA and the library movement across our
state have been energized. We are oStanding Up
for Libraries� and being counted on to represent
and to explain that which is good and that which
can be improved. There is momentum and
progress; it is essential that we continue it.
The past two years for me personally have
been rewarding. I have met librarians and friends
of libraries across this state and region whom I
would not otherwise have had the opportunity to
meet; I have learned more about and greatly
increased my awareness of and appreciation for
types of libraries other than that in which I work;
I have had reaffirmed the inherent goodness in
others as time and time again acts of kindness,
concern, hard work and professionalism are
exhibited by NCLAers from one end of the state to
the other; I have been amazed at the time and
money and effort and distances traveled which
librarians will incur in order to do their part in
this great march forward. You, my friends, are an
impressive association in every sense of the word.
I salute especially those who have been in
leadership positions this biennium, and there are
many, too many to list. The executive board has
been outstanding. They worked hard and with
good humor and patience. The committee chair-
men have made impressive contributions. The
conference committee is professional and tireless
in its work. The staff of the State Library has
belonged to the association, supported and
worked with us, and we are grateful. Our new
friend in the Department of Cultural Resources,
Secretary Patric Dorsey, has come to our meet-
ings, participated in our activities, helped in so
many ways. We welcome her and look forward to
a continuation of this special association.
You have been asked to oStand Up for
Libraries� these past two years, and that you have
done. All over this state there is renewed evidence
of growing appreciation and advocacy for librar-
ies, and it is thanks to the leadership and work of
each of you. As Jamie Wyeth said so eloquently:
oWorking within the framework of a strong
tradition can produce many achievements that
create their own tradition.� We have a splendid
and challenging tradition in NCLA out of which
will come an even finer tradition of service. I
salute you all. And I thank you for the honor of
132"North Carolina Libraries
serving this past term as your president. I
commend to you a charming lady, your new
president, Mrs. Pauline F. Myrick, as she works
with you in oExalting Learning and Libraries.�
God Bless.
Leland M. Park, President
te a
yency
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Introduction
Institutional Libraries in North Carolina
James R. Myrick
ws hs a ai mcm tNa
The North Carolina State Library focuses its
institutional consultive services on the institu-
tions found in the Department of Human Re-
sources and the Department of Correction. There
are currently 107 such institutions that include
schools for the deaf or blind, centers for the
mentally retarded, mental hospitals, alcoholic
rehabilitation centers, prisons, special schools
and special hospitals. Collectively, these institu-
tions serve a resident population of approximate-
ly 24,000. As there is no central library authority
in the Department of Human Resources and since
the library consultant in the Department of
Correction is responsible principally for the
prison law libraries, the administration of each
institution is left to determine, independently, its
commitment to library service. Continuity in
public library types of services to residents of
state institutions has come from the state library,
in the Department of Cultural Resources, due to
its administration of federal and state grants and
its consultive services.
The state library awarded its first grants to
institutional libraries in 1968, via the availability
of funds allocated to Title I of the Library Services
and Construction Act (LSCA). Its plan was to use
federal funds to buy books and other library
materials, purchase library equipment and to
train staff or residents of the institutions to
operate the library. The expectation was that the
institutions would continue to support the library
at the expiration of the grant period. Since 1968,
the General Assembly also has appropriated
limited funds to the state library to be used for
establishment grants for new libraries in institu-
tions. These libraries were to serve to demon-
strate the value of library service and to serve as
models for further development.
While there are now library materials avail-
able in all the aforementioned institutions, the
quality of library service varies enormously. It is a
James R. Myrick is Coordinator of Automated Services with
the Flint River Regional Library in Griffin, Georgia. His
former position was Institutional Consultant, Division of
State Library, North Carolina Department of Cultural
Resources.
constant challenge to the state library to main-
tain and improve levels of library service when no
control can be exercised over the administration
of the institutions and provision of library service
is neither part of the mission, nor a high priority,
of the institutions. To compound the problem,
because of limited resources, institutions have
attempted, from time to time, to divert LSCA
funding from the library program to other
institutional programs considered to be of higher
priority. The major contribution of the institu-
tions to their library programs has been provision
of library personnel; however, all too frequently,
library positions are vulnerable to transferral
or elimination. Demonstrated success of library
programs in institutions correlates directly with
the motivation and interest of the library staff.
One of the more important aspects of state library
consultive services is training of institutional
library personnel. Almost as important is main-
taining constant communication with the institu-
tional libraries.
Department of Correction
North Carolina has one of the largest prison
systems in the country. It currently totals 87
separate correctional facilities that include treat-
ment facilities for women (half-way houses), field
units (road camps), youth centers and adult
Ss el
Often, with the exception of a
few newspaper and magazine
subscriptions purchased with
prison canteen profits, library
materials consist solely of old
and outworn donations.
" es
prisons. There is a great range in the resident
population of these units, the smallest having only
eight and the largest over one thousand. As one
might expect, the smaller the correctional unit,
the more difficult it is to establish a library. It is
1985 Fall"133
possible that the denomination of olibrary� is
inappropriate in this context, for the olibrary�
may be only a few bookshelves in the unit barber
shop or it may be some discarded public school
materials in a locked closet in a trailer. Often,
with the exception of a few newspaper and
magazine subscriptions purchased with prison
canteen profits, library materials consist solely of
old and outworn donations.
The state library does not have the resources
to meet the needs of all the correctional libraries;
however, the larger adult prisons receive new
books from the state library on a fairly regular
basis. The best prison libraries are found in the
youth centers. These centers have a strong
educational program, they all have librarians on
staff and they have received the largest grants
from the state library over the years. Their
collections include not only books and magazines,
but also contain filmstrips, phonodiscs, and other
media.
Department of Human Resources
There are twenty institutions in the Depart-
ment of Human Resources that include mental
hospitals, centers for the mentally retarded,
alcoholic rehabilitation centers and_ special
schools. Populations of these institutions range
from about 75 to over twelve hundred. Library
services in these institutions that dre associated
with well-established educational components
have been the most successful, although dona-
tions still form the core of most collections.
The most successful libraries
are found in the school for the
blind and the schools for the
deaf.
In the mid and late T70Ts, on both the national
and state level, a concerted effort was made to
deinstitutionalize populations and move them
into societal and educational mainstreams. The
catalyst for this was a growing public disillusion-
ment with the institutional process and resulted
in repercussions on the constitution of the
populations of mental institutions, schools for the
deaf or blind, or mentally retarded centers. The
less severe cases were subsequently reassigned to
local mental health centers or the public schools,
or they were released. This has had profound
implications for both library programming and
134"North Carolina Libraries
collection orientation, for, as patient populations
declined, library service was obliged to focus on
the nucleus of chronic or severe cases that
remained in the institutions.
Paralleling the systematic deinstitutionaliza-
tion of the handicapped is a program to ensure
that their treatment take place in an environment
that places the least possible restrictions on their
developmental potential. This program affirms
that educational or recreational materials used
by the mentally retarded should reflect, as nearly
as possible, their chronological age and not
necessarily their mental age. This has made
selection of library materials extremely difficult
for it is practically impossible to find library
materials that correspond to the physical ages of
profoundly mentally retarded patients on levels
appropriate to their mental capacities.
The most successful libraries are found in the
school for the blind and the schools for the deaf.
Their libraries in general appearance, organiza-
tion and function strongly resemble school media
centers. They have comparatively better trained
staff, substantial collections, varied materials and
a history of continuous service. However, these
schools now have students who might not only be
deaf or blind, but profoundly mentally retarded
or disruptive as well.
Conclusions
Currently, library materials are available in
all the institutions of the Department of Human
Resources and the Department of Correction;
however, the collections are very uneven both in
quality and quantity. From the state libraryTs
point of view, institutional libraries are woefully
inadequate and the impediments to improvement
are formidable. In the institutions of the Depart-
ment of Correction, highest priorities are given to
custody, control and security; in the institutions
of the Department of Human Resources, highest
priorities are given to rehabilitation and deinsti-
tutionalization. If progress is to be made, the
benefits that can accrue to library patrons, both
prisoner and patient, must be demonstrated in a
convincing manner to institutional administra-
tors. If this is accomplished, it should lead to the
significantly higher levels of funding necessary to
build collections, provide equipment and staff the
libraries.
In the following pages will be found several
articles by educators, institutional librarians,
library technicians, chaplains and therapists that
give an invaluable insight into the realities of
institutional librarianship.
i
OTBerry Center Resident Library
Robert C. Kemper
Nancy Hardee
a
OTBerry Center is a state, residential facility
for severely and profoundly mentally retarded
citizens of North Carolina. The residents come
from communities located in the 17 counties
which make up the Division of Mental Retarda-
tionTs South Central Region. Severely and pro-
foundly mentally retarded persons have 1.Q.s of
34 or below and many of the centerTs residents
have physical handicaps. The center itself is
located on a 65-acre, campus-style setting about
50 miles east of Raleigh, just outside Goldsboro.
Essentially, the function of OTBerry Center is
to serve as an environment for development. The
center provides 24-hour care, including extensive
training, to more than 500 residents seven years
of age and older. OTBerry is their temporary home
until they complete their developmental pro-
grams and return to their communities.
Direct development of the mentally retarded
individual may include services provided by spe-
cial education teachers, psychologists, communi-
cation (speech and hearing) specialists, physical
and occupational therapists, therapeutic recrea-
tors, medical and dental staff, social workers, die-
ticians and, of primary importance, the develop-
mental technicians (health care workers) who, in
their direct care of the residents, implement the
coordinated programs developed by the others.
Those coordinated programs are called Individ-
ual Active Treatment Plans and are the crux of
the residentTs training and development at the
center. Once a client has completed his develop-
mental program"as specified in a written con-
tract with the community"the client returns to
his home community. While the concept may
sound elementary and straightforward, the real-
ity of implementing developmental programs
Serving severely or profoundly mentally retarded
individuals who often have physical or behavioral
problems can be draining on both residents and
staff. How then can the stress be reduced and
enjoyable activities be increased?
The resident library is an area which is
designed for leisure rather than for training. The
Robert C. Kemper is Coordinator of Media Services and
Nancy Hardee is Library Specialist at OTBerry Center in
Goldsboro.
library is an oasis where residents, accompanied
by staff, may come and enjoy movies, magazines,
music, puzzles with adaptive handles, stuffed
animals, toys, and the latest item, a computer
with games. All these sensory stimulation items
are there for the enjoyment of the residents.
The positive perception staff
and residents have about li-
brary activities reflects the
working style of the librarian
as much as the physical envi-
ronment.
Ideally, each resident should have an oppor-
tunity to come to the library. If visits were evenly
divided among the residents, a resident would
average one visit every two weeks. In actuality,
the average is much less. Many residents are
unable to visit the library for various reasons,
including physical and behavioral. However, the
attendance of those who can come is good and
the available time slots for groups to visit are
almost always filled. The number of residents
attending the library averages 120-135 weekly.
Almost all the residents enjoy the trips to the
library and seem eager to come back for another
visit.
The resident library was merged into the
Media Services Department several years ago.
Media Services is a support service to the center
and, through the center, to the communities in
the south central region. It is a production-
oriented, audiovisual department. The staff pro-
duces television and slide/tape programs, photo-
graphs, and in-house news publications for
resident and staff training, documentation, and
staff/parent/community information. Media Serv-
ices also provides audiovisual equipment support
to other departments within the center.
The library maintains its own identity within
the Media Services Department while being able
to draw on Media Services resources. The library
does not have its own budget and must rely on
1985 Fall"135
government grants for most of its equipment and
supplies. Media Services is responsible for staffing
the library, administrative duties, equipment
maintenance and repair. Those items are funded
from the Media Services budget or as separately
budgeted line items.
Very few library materials are ordered locally.
However, we have purchased animal stick-ups,
albums and picture puzzles from the Learning
Center in Goldsboro. And, from the local RoseTs
Department Store, read-along-books and tapes,
picture puzzles, listen-and-look books, and talk-
ing-story books were purchased. Viewmasters and
films were bought at K-Mart, while two rocking
chairs for our residents to use in the library were
purchased from Kaplan Corporation. Polypockets
used for equipment and books, and hang-up bags
used for filmstrips and cassettes were purchased
from Demco Educational Corporation. Purchases
have also been made from Carolina School
Supply, StoneTs Southern School Supply and Spe-
cial Education Materials, as well as other vendors.
The resident library is located in the A-3
Building, which is centrally located to all buildings
housing center residents. It is approximately
18T x 28T excluding the office and storage area.
The library is carpeted and has coordinated
draperies covering all the windows. Book stacks
are brightly painted in a coordinated color
scheme. The bulletin board and the walls are dec-
orated with Disney characters, animals, and self-
help pictures. There are three tables for reading
and working, and two tables of paperback publi-
cations for residents to thumb through. Magazine
selections include National Geographic, Wildlife,
Southern Living, Wee Wisdom, and Sports Illus-
trated. The book stacks contain toys for the resi-
dents to play with while they are in the library,
and which may also be checked out by the resi-
dents. Some of the toys available are telephones,
Viewmasters, artifical fruits/vegetables, blocks,
airplanes, trains, cars, and animals. A window
seat between two book stacks serves as the setting
for stuffed animals, puppets, and dolls. These also
may be checked out by the residents. Colorful
stacking chairs and beanbags provide seating for
residents.
The resident library also has a very good
supply of materials available for staff to check out
for use with residents in the living units. These
include approximately 1500 hardback books, 120
albums with filmstrips, and 130 cassettes with
books and/or filmstrips. Staff may also check out
audiovisual equipment, cassettes, filmstrip pro-
jectors, movie projectors, an autoharp, and other
materials.
Mrs. Nancy Hardee is in charge of the library.
She is a very caring person and her actions with
oThe library is an oasis.�
136"North Carolina Libraries
the residents show that quality. The positive per-
ception staff and residents have about library
activities reflects the working style of the librarian
as much as the physical environment. While the
rocking chairs, carpeting, restful colors, plants,
pictures and quiet are invaluable, the hub of
OTBerry Center's library is Nancy. She works well
with residents and staff and works to improve
library services both in the library and out in the
living units.
Nancy schedules weekly activities such as a
weekly movie (the effect of a movie theater) or a
videotaped movie on television, storytime, and an
independent time when the residents can play
computer games, look at Viewmasters, magazines,
and/or story books, and play with assorted
objects (building blocks, airplanes, Fisher-Price
games, puzzles, stuffed animals and puppets). For
residents, especially those that are blind, ear-
phones are available so that they can enjoy listen-
ing to music without disturbing the others.
The library is also fortunate to have a volun-
teer working part-time with the residents. She
helps to keep the resident library neat and invit-
ing. She replaces any badly torn magazines with
new copies, straightens the books in the book
stacks and publications on the tables. As the sea-
sons change, she helps to change the decorations,
pictures, mobiles, and bulletin boards. Our volun-
Nancy Hardee, library specialist, shares a book with residents.
teer also assists the residents using earphones or
the computer.
The library is presently experimenting with
computer games as a form of entertainment/sen-
sory stimulation. The residents do not under-
stand how to play the games, but from observa-
tions, they do enjoy the colors, motions and
sounds from the television set. Acquisition of a
large screen, video projection system for the
library is planned in the near future due to the
trend away from 16mm film and to video-
cassettes. OTBerry currently has one such system,
which is used to train residents in appropriate
behavior for a theater setting. The State Library
now has videocassettes which may be checked
out. The local community college has recently
acquired a VCP/LSTV system also. A system in the
library would be used,for entertainment as a doc-
umented part of the Individual Active Treatment
plans.
The resident library has plans for expansion
in the near future. We do not plan to get stale. We
are never satisfied with things just as they are. A
used aquarium was recently acquired with plans
to convert it to a terrarium for our clients to
enjoy. Plans also include exposing more residents
to video games, and continuing to grow in quality
and quantity. As long as there is a need, we will be
available with all that we have for our residents.
1985 Fall"137
Library Services at Broughton Hospital
Mary E. Bush
Since it first opened in 1883, Broughton Hos-
pital, a large mental hospital in Morganton, has
stressed the need for books in its total program.
This need has led to the development of two dis-
tinct and separate library programs, one to meet
the informational and recreational needs of
patients and the other for the varied needs of the
staff.
The Patient Library
The patient library was begun with the pur-
chase of a small number of books by the hospital
and the donation of newspapers from some of the
communities served by the hospital. At first, the
library grew in a more or less haphazard fashion,
primarily through donations. The bulk of these
donations came either from individuals (includ-
ing patients) or from the local public library in
Morganton.
In addition to helping with book donations,
the staff at the Morganton Public Library taught
the Occupational Therapist (then working in the
library on a part-time basis) the basic skills
involved in the processing and cataloging of
books.
The Director of Occupational Therapy (OT)
had the responsibility for the overall library pro-
gram, while the day-to-day library routines were
performed by interested patients. These patients
also provided book cart services for the wards
containing patients who were not permitted to
visit the library.
In 1966, the patient library received a LSCA
Title I grant through the North Carolina State
Library and began to develop its collection in a
purposeful manner. In 1970, the old donated
books were weeded from the collection and with
the guidance of the Institutional Consultant from
the State Library, the library moved into new
quarters and set up new policies and procedures
governing its operation. The OT aide managing
the library was reclassified as a Library Assistant
and relieved of all duties except those related to
Mary E. Bush is Medical Librarian at Broughton Hospital in
Morganton.
138"North Carolina Libraries
the library. Programs"including book talks and
audiovisual story hours"were set up for groups,
and individuals used the library for recreational
purposes. Through additional State Library fund-
ing, other materials, including large print, for the
partially sighted, and picture books for the less
educated, were added to the collection.
Today, the patient library holds approxi-
mately 5,000 books including large print, picture
books and paperbacks, has subscriptions to 26
general interest magazines, and also has a
number of newspaper subscriptions representing
those communities served by the hospital.
In addition to the simple circulation of
printed materials, the library also offers other
services. The librarian works with retarded
patients in the library and helps hospital techni-
cians to secure materials to use with these
patients in their learning labs. Adolescent pa-
tients use the patient library as well as a library of
their own. This adolescent library, however, is
made up largely of books that are shared from the
patient library. All geriatric patients"bedfast
and ambulatory"have the opportunity either to
use the talking book service of the Special Services
Section of the State Library or to read large print
books such as the large print Reader's Digest.
Staff Library
The staff may borrow books from the patient
library, and those going to school have found the
material there useful in research. In addition, the
staff is also provided with professional book col-
lections in their work areas as well as with a fully
equipped staff library. This library holds approx-
imately 3,000 reference books, 100 journal titles
and 2,000 pieces of audiovisual material. The staff
library carries current journals found to be of
interest to the majority of the staff and maintains
a core collection of medical and psychiatric
books. It supplements its holdings through inter-
library loan arrangements with medical schools
and MEDLINE (Medlars, BRS etc.) services
through the Unifour Consortium of NW Area
Health Education Center based in Hickory, N.C.
The scope of the North Carolina AHEC pro-
gram is extensive: it provides information about
continuing education services to physicians lo-
cated throughout the state, provides field place-
ment for interns and residents from the medical
schools and provides easy access to needed refer-
ence materials through the creation of a system of
conveniently located base libraries throughout
North Carolina. This state-wide network is acces-
sible by any member hospital or institution and
offers a cost effective method of supplementing
local reference holdings thus ensuring that all
physicians will have access to the literature
through their local AHEC representative. Brough-
ton, as a member of the Unifour Consortium, can
access for its staff as well as for clients from out-
side the hospital the holdings of the medical
school libraries. Book loans, journal reprints and
audiovisual materials are secured without undue
loss of time or any expense to the client. The State
Library is also useful in providing materials on
management, recreation, crafts, industrial arts,
sociology, etc. (materials not always accessible
through medical school libraries). The majority of
the staff needs for materials not housed on cam-
pus are met through AHEC and the medical
school libraries; however, if a need arises for spe-
cialized reference materials, the resources of the
State Library, North Carolina public libraries, out-
of-state public and medical libraries and the
National Library of Medicine are also available.
Broughton Hospital is one of only four mental
hospitals in North Carolina and one of the few
mental institutions in the state; therefore, to sup-
plement what is available from medical school
collections, the staff library at Broughton serves
the entire state as a resource for reprints from
psychiatric and psychological journals.
ee ES
FOUR PRESIDENTS. The Executive Board of the North Carolina Library Association met at Davidson College, Davidson, NC on
July 19th. For the first time in recent memory there were four presidents on that board. Those attending included (left to right): Dr.
Leland M. Park, President, 1983-1985 (Director, Davidson College Library, Davidson); Mrs. Mertys W. Bell, Past President, 1981-83
(Dean Emeritus of Learning Resources, Guilford Technical Community College, Greensboro); Ms. Patsy J. Hansel, President-elect,
1987-89 (Assistant Director, Cumberland County Public Library); and Mrs. Pauline F. Myrick, President-elect, 1985-87 (Director of
Instruction and Educational Media, Moore County Schools, Carthage).
1985 Fall"139
The Governor Morehead School Library
Alice B. Walker
In 1845, North Carolina passed the necessary
legislation to establish a school for deaf, dumb
and blind children, the ninth state to do so. As
early as 1847, when the first buildings were being
designed, the planners recognized the need for a
library. A room designated oLibrary and Cabinet�
was included in the plans for the first administra-
tion building on Caswell Square in Raleigh.
Today, the library at The Governor Morehead
School, which is the current name for the school
for visually impaired youth of North Carolina, is a
well-equipped media center which not only
enriches the academic curriculum but also fills a
opublic library� need for students and staff.
The school serves visually impaired and multi-
handicapped children ages five through twenty-
one from all over North Carolina. One hundred
and fifty-six are currently enrolled. Some of these
students are day students, but a larger propor-
tion are residential students who return to their
homes only on weekends. A large staff of class-
room and special teachers, counselors, adminis-
trators, nurses and houseparents completes the
population at The Governor Morehead School.
The library strives to meet the diverse needs of all
of these people. The campus, consisting of aca-
demic and administration buildings as well as
cottages, a central dining hall and a gymnasium
with indoor pool, is located off RaleighTs Western
Boulevard near Pullen Park.
Many changes have taken place at The Gov-
ernor Morehead School since its beginnings as
oThe North Carolina Institution for the Education
of the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind� back in
1845. The history and development of the library
closely parallels that of the school. In the begin-
ning, only white deaf and blind children were
admitted, but in January 1869 a black depart-
ment for deaf and blind was opened in a separate
location in downtown Raleigh, thereby increasing
the scope of the library population surveyed.
Just as the school changed over the years,
education of the blind has undergone changes.
Alice B. Walker is Librarian, The Governor Morehead School,
Raleigh.
140"North Carolina Libraries
The founders of schools for the blind in the United
States turned to Europe for special appliances
and methods of teaching. In the 1830s, the com-
mon type of reading material in official use in
Europe was embossed or raised letters, simplified
to make them more readable. One advantage of
this method was that it could be read by sighted
teachers with no special instruction. Also, it was
contended that by using a type similar to that
used by the sighted, the blind would be less set
apart from others. This method had drawbacks,
however, and various raised dot codes similar to
the Grade 2 Braille code in use today were
adopted by the different schools in the United
States. In 1932, after a long and bitter contro-
versy, an agreement was signed by representa-
tives of the blind of Great Britain and the United
States that adopted the present-day English lan-
guage Grade 2 Braille.
In the early days of the school
books for the blind were scarce,
for the schools that had been in
existence longer than North
CarolinaTs consumed the entire
output of books produced espe-
cially for the blind.
In the early days of the school books for the
blind were scarce, for the schools that had been in
existence longer than North CarolinaTs consumed
the entire output of books produced especially for
the blind. During 1858-1860, special equipment
was installed in the North Carolina schoolTs print-
ing department to produce raised letter books.
The shortage was eased further when the United
State Congress enacted legislation in 1879 appro-
priating funds for the education of the blind.
These funds were used to manufacture embossed
books at the American Printing House for the
Blind. In 1900, North CarolinaTs General Assembly
granted an annual appropriation of $50.00 to the
school for the purchase of new books. Although
the appropriation was small, the library holdings
were gradually increased.
In 1893, the white deaf students were trans-
ferred to a special school in Morganton, but the
oBlind School� continued to grow in size and scope
and there became a pressing need for larger quar-
ters for both black and white departments. In
1923, the white department moved to the present
Ashe Avenue campus and a few years later the
black department moved to a large campus which
included farmland located on Garner Road near
Raleigh. It was not until 1977 that the entire
school was on one site once again and by that
time all of the deaf children were being educated
elsewhere.
During these years, the school library had
been growing and evolving. Reading materials in
Braille, large print and recorded formats were
being added to the collection. A graduate librar-
ian was hired in 1943 to organize the expanding
collection on a professional basis, and before long
the requirements of The Southern Association of
Colleges and Secondary Schools had been satis-
fied. A large new library wing was added to the
school building soon after World War II. Inter-
library loans between the libraries on the two
campuses were in effect until their merger in 1977
when the Garner Road campus, the former black
department, was given up.
Ne
Development of the card cata-
log enabled even the totally
blind students to use the library
independently.
aS
The sudden growth spurt of media in school
libraries that occurred in the 1960s was felt at
The Governor Morehead School also. Tape record-
ers, phonographs, and movie and filmstrip projec-
tors, as well as other equipment and materials
were purchased by the library and circulated to
students and teachers. Other important changes
were taking place as the library holdings grew. A
card catalog of all library materials"print,
Braille, and audio-visual"was produced on
5� x 8� cards. These cards contained all of the
necessary information in large print on one side
with the same information in Braille on the other
Side. Development of the card catalog enabled
even the totally blind students to use the library
independently. During this decade of change, oThe
State School for the Blind and Deaf,� the schoolTs
second name, became oThe Governor Morehead
School� in honor of John Motley Morehead who
had been governor of North Carolina when the
school was founded in 1845.
The Governor Morehead School Library of
the 1980s is an up-to-date media center with the
newest technologies available for the visually
impaired. Print materials are made accessible by
means of electronic reading devices such as
closed circuit TV reading machines and a Kurz-
weil reading machine. The CCTV or video visual
aid not only magnifies print but maximizes the
contrast and displays it on a TV screen. The user
can control the magnification to suit his needs.
The Kurzweil machine, on the other hand, scans
print material and reads it with a synthesized
voice.
A recorded encyclopedia with Braille and
print indexes facilitates reference work. The stu-
dent can find his topic in one of the indexes,
select the proper cassette and set the dials on a
special cassette player according to directions
found in the index. The cassette player then scans
the tape electronically to find the topic indexed.
oTalking� calculators are in great demand for
math classes. Students can solve complicated
problems and check their work much faster than
with the abacus, which is also a useful tool for the
totally blind.
During after-school hours students can be
found enjoying computer games in the library or
doing homework for computer classes. Many
computer programs can be used with a speech
synthesis system which makes them meaningful
for visually impaired students. Soon students and
teachers will be able to generate Braille copy by
means of a Braille embosser interfaced with a
computer. A typist who doesnTt know Braille will
be able to key into the computer and, using a spe-
cial program, produce Grade 2 Braille.
The Governor Morehead School
Library of the 1980s is an up-to-
date media center with the
newest technologies available
for the visually impaired.
In many respects The Governor Morehead
School Library resembles other public school
libraries throughout the state. Teachers bring
their classes to do reference work or to learn
library skills. They come to watch programs on
the instructional TV channel and to check out
1985 Fall"141
books. A trained librarian and a technical aide are
on the job performing such diverse tasks as keep-
ing the Braille catalog up to date, videotaping
school projects, editing a newsletter, or providing
story hour for the younger children. The library is
also a valuable resource center for summer
school. A selected group of students from around
the state, not limited to those who attend The
Governor Morehead School for the regular ses-
sion, attend a five-week summer session for
enrichment. This may be their only opportunity to
use a library independently.
From a modest beginning in the oLibrary and
Cabinet� room in 1849 to an entire two-story wing
of the academic building equipped with the most
modern technology of the 1980s, The Governor
Morehead School Library has grown and con-
tinues to change with the times and the needs of
the school.
Sources
Edsall, Katherine Chrichton Alston. A Century of Growth.
(Unpublished) 1945.
Irwin, Robert B. The War of the Dots. American Foundation for
the Blind, n.d.
Sawyer, John Richard. oA Study of the Development and Present
Condition of the State School for the Blind, Raleigh, North Caro-
lina.� Unpublished thesis. Chapel Hill, N.C. University of North
Carolina, 1945.
Strickland, Eugenia Love. oA Century of Educating the Deaf and
Blind in North Carolina.� Unpublished thesis. Chapel Hill, N.C.
University of North Carolina, 1950.
ANNOUNCING
A NEW WAY TO MEET YOUR CONTINUING EDUCATION AND STAFF DEVELOPMENT NEEDS
NORTH CAROLINA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE'S
OFFICE OF CONTINUING EDUCATION AND LIBRARY STAFF DEVELOPMENT
services
Needs Assessments " We help you or your organization determine your continuing education
and staff development needs.
Workshops " We conduct workshops on a wide range of Topics.
Courses and Institutes " We offer full-length courses and special institutes.
Microcomputer Laboratory " We offer hands-on training in the use of microcornputers in
libraries.
For more information on our program and services, contact:
Duncan Smith, Coordinator
Office of Continuing Education and Library Staff Development
Schoo! of Library and Information Science
North Carolina Central University
Durham, N.C. 27707
phone: 919-683-6485
919-683-6347
142"North Carolina Libraries
Library Services for Deaf Students
Wrenn Sharpe
Central North Carolina School for the Deaf is
located on a 75-acre campus, ten miles north of
Greensboro. The school was established in Greens-
boro in 1975 to serve the central Piedmont sec-
tion of North Carolina. There are eight buildings
on the campus: a general administration building,
two classroom buildings, two dormitories, one
gymnasium/auditorium, a central kitchen, anda
maintenance/repair shop.
The school serves gifted, average, and multi-
handicapped hearing-impaired students from 19
central Piedmont counties. Students range in age
from 18 months to 16 years. The majority of the
students stay on campus in the dormitories dur-
Wrenn Sharpe is Librarian for Deaf/Blind at the Central
North Carolina School for the Deaf in Greensboro.
ing the week, and all the students go home on the
weekends. The school also serves preschool chil-
dren in six satellite programs in Lexington, Win-
ston-Salem, Burlington, Chapel Hill, Southern
Pines, and on campus here in Greensboro.
The schoolTs library program has a staff con-
sisting of the librarian for the deaf/blind and an
aide. Libraries are in each of the two classroom
buildings. Dixon Building has classes for students
from preschool through grade four, and Phillips-
Payne Building has students from grade five
through junior high school. The library aide works
with the younger students in the primary pro-
gram in Dixon Building, and the librarian works
with the older students in Phillips-Payne Building.
The librarian is also responsible for the ordering
and processing of materials and for computer
�"� LLL! |
PEROEIEA HO
ane
oAs a professional librarian who started as a library assistant in elementary, high school and church libraries and who has worked
in North Carolina public schools and public libraries, I find this job the most challenging, most exciting, and most rewarding of any
Thave ever had...�
1985 Fall"143
programs. The libraries have white walls deco-
rated with colorful posters, and new books are
always on display on the tops of the counter-high
shelving. The design of both libraries is the same,
but they contain different materials since they
serve different age groups. We also have a profes-
sional library housed in the same room with
resource materials for teachers. Four years ago
we set up the resource room to store materials
and units written by our teachers so our staff
could share ideas, materials, and resources with-
out re-inventing the wheel each school year. The
resource room has proven to be very successful
for teachers, since they or the librarian and aide
can easily find materials for various units of
study.
Students come to the library once a week for
storytelling, reading magazines, viewing captioned
movies, and checking out books for pleasure read-
ing. The younger students have the opportunity to
watch stories told in ASL (American Sign Lan-
guage) because the library aide is deaf herself.
This provides a wonderful opportunity for the
students to learn about books in their native lan-
guage"ASL. The older students come to the
library for storytelling, library skills study to pre-
pare them both for high school and to use the
public library, and for pleasure reading. The older
students also use the library for reports for their
social studies and science classes.
Here at Central School, we also have a class of
deaf-blind students which is unique. It presents a
real challenge to the librarian. These students
come to the library weekly just as do all of the
other students. Their limited vision permits use of
large print materials only, so library activities
consist of craft ideas for the students to improve
their eye-hand coordination and the reading of
simple stories with a lot of action and body
movement. These students require one-on-one
attention so the librarian uses older students to
assist her with them.
ChildrenTs Book Week and National Library
Week are very special times of the year at CNCSD.
We always try to have some kind of special activ-
ity which will involve the students in both class-
room buildings. In the past we have had a book
character parade complete with a real, live
horse and donkey; jogging teams going on a scav-
enger hunt; reading teams made up of students
who dressed up as storybook characters and
dramatized stories for our younger students. This
The school serves gifted, average, and multi-handicapped hearing-impaired students from 19 central Piedmont counties.
144"North Carolina Libraries
past autumn, we were visited by a professional
storyteller, and this spring, we held a balloon
launch.
As the librarian, one of the more difficult
aspects of my job is the ordering of materials.
Since all of the students and some of the staff are
hearing-impaired, I must find books (especially
fiction) that have the interest level of our stu-
dents but are written with an easy vocabulary.
This is not always possible because many of the
high-interest, low-vocabulary books available do
not fit our needs. When ordering filmstrips or
sound filmstrips, I must make sure that the film-
strip is either captioned or that the kit has a writ-
ten teacher's guide because some of our hearing-
impaired teachers cannot use a record or cassette
and must have a script to accompany the film-
strip.
LT
National Award to
N. C. Library Association
Chicago, IL ... The Intellectual Freedom
Committee of the North Carolina Library Associa-
tion was presented the Intellectual Freedom
Round TableTs State Program Award this summer
in ceremonies at the 104th Annual Conference of
the American Library Association meeting in Chi-
cago. The award honors the state intellectual
freedom committee that has implemented the
most successful and creative state project for the
year. Accepting the award was Dr. Gene D. Lanier,
professor of library science at East Carolina Uni-
versity in Greenville, NC, who has served as
chairman of the committee since 1980.
Dennis Day, representing the Award Commit-
tee, cited the multi-year work of the committee to
keep intellectual freedom alive in North Carolina
through programs, publicity, and testimony. The
committee was presented a plaque and a $1000
award from Social Issues Resources Series, Inc.,
represented by president and owner Elliot Gold-
stein. The committee has fought attempts by indi-
viduals and groups who have tried to censor
materials in Tar Heel libraries. They have also testi-
fied in the N. C. General Assembly concerning leg-
islation which could put librarians in jeopardy.
They initiated the Confidentiality of Library User
Records Bill which was ratified this session.
Dr. Lanier received the John Phillip Immroth
Memorial Award for Intellectual Freedom last
year from the American Library Association for
his work in this area, as well as awards from the
N. C. Association of School Librarians and the
Playboy Foundation.
Last year we started a pre-vocational pro-
gram using students as library assistants to shelve
library books. This has proven to be very success-
ful. When we began the program, we had one stu-
dent working in the library and one student
interested in working. This year we have three
students involved and one interested in partici-
pating next year. This program not only helps me,
the librarian, but also gives the student an oppor-
tunity to earn some spending money and learn a
skill which could lead to a summer job.
As a professional librarian who started as a
library assistant in elementary, high school, and
church libraries and who has worked in North
Carolina public schools and public libraries, I find
this job the most challenging, most exciting, and
most rewarding of any I have ever had in my short
17-year career.
NCLA Scholarships
The North Carolina Library Association
administers three funds which assist stu-
dents of library science who are residents of
North Carolina.
The North Carolina Library Association
Memorial Scholarship is a $1000 scholar-
ship for any type of study in library science.
The Query-Long Scholarship is a $1000
scholarship for a student who plans to work
with children or young adults. The McLen-
don Student Loan Fund awards loans at a
low rate of interest.
The association is pleased to announce
its scholarship winners for 1985. The Memo-
rial Scholarships will be awarded to Sharon
Arnette of Brevard, who will be attending
the University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, and Linda Shoffner of Greenville, a stu-
dent at East Carolina University. The Query-
Long Scholarship will go to Barbara Privette
of Zebulon, a student at East Carolina Uni-
versity. In addition, two loans of $300 each
will be made from the McLendon Fund.
Applications for 1986 Scholarships are
due March 1, 1986. For application forms
and further information about require-
ments, contact
Sheila A. Core, Chairman
NCLA Scholarship Committee
Surry Community College Library
P.O. Box 304
Dobson, North Carolina 27017
1985 Fall"145
Library Service at the North Carolina
Special Care Center
Johnnie M. McManus
The North Carolina Special Care Center is
located in Wilson, North Carolina. Its population
is geriatric mental patients who suffer a variety of
handicapping conditions. The majority of the
patients are nonambulatory and functioning on a
very low mental state. The staff at the North Caro-
lina Special Care Center focuses on assisting each
resident to reach his maximum potential by utiliz-
ing an interdisciplinary approach to the rehabil-
itative process. We feel that a functioning library
could contribute to this process. Developing a
library program for institutionalized geriatric res-
idents is challenging, to say the least.
At present, there is no real library program.
We have a library in the basement but it is very
difficult to access and the library materials are far
too advanced to be useful. The balance of this
article will describe our concept of an ideal library
for our situation.
Any future library program established at the
Special Care Center must serve as adjunctive
therapy in coordination with existing programs.
The program must be designed to encompass the
total informational needs of the library patrons. It
should supplement and reinforce not only the
recreational or leisure time programs but also the
developmental programs for ward patients suffer-
ing from a wide variety of disabling conditions.
Many residents have little energy, limited mobility
and reduced senses: sight, hearing, touch and
smell. Because of these limitations it is necessary
to utilize special environmental safety precau-
tions.
To compensate for the limited movement and
strength of our patients library materials must be
placed within comfortable reach. Furniture, bath-
rooms, and other fixed library accessories must
be adapted to accommodate wheelchairs. To
reach the maximum number of residents who
cannot leave their wards, a mobile library utilizing
Johnnie M. McManus is Activities Director at the North Caro-
lina Special Care Center in Wilson.
146"North Carolina Libraries
volunteers from the community should be imple-
mented.
In order for the residents to develop inde-
pendent library skills, a variety of multimedia
materials must be utilized. These include talking
books; lightweight, colorful, large print books;
sand boxes; mirrors; etc. The library program
should incorporate a variety of stimulating expe-
riences: films, field trips, flash cards, scientific
experiments, etc. Materials should be age appro-
priate and on the level that would provide the
maximum pleasure and benefit to our residents.
It has been very difficult to find library mate-
rials designed specifically for geriatric residents
with a psychiatric background. If any of our read-
ers know of successful projects or appropriate
materials please contact us at the Special Care
Center.
It has been very difficult to find
library materials designed spe-
cifically for geriatric residents
with a psychiatric background.
Currently, a group of twenty residents meets
on a weekly basis for a storyhour conducted by
volunteers. The volunteers use a variety of tools to
assist each resident in developing fine motor,
gross motor, cognitive and social interaction
skills. The residents are encouraged to be creative
and make up their own stories with such things as
pictures, plants and animals. Field trips and
audiovisual equipment. help to reinforce the resi-
dentsT learning. Talking books, magazines, puzzles,
texture boards, etc., are placed on the wards by
the volunteers. In addition, volunteers from a
local church provide residents with weekly Bible
classes. Volunteers play a vital role in providing
special services for our residents.
en AAA AL
The PatientsT Library at Cherry Hospital
Dale E. Doverspike
nnn
The PatientsT Library at Cherry Hospital was
established with the help of the Library Services
and Construction Act in 1968. It was felt at that
time that the psychiatric patients needed a place
where they could read current news items, peri-
odicals, and both fiction and nonfiction as an aid
to their rehabilitation process. At the very outset
of this program, Cherry Hospital sought consulta-
tion and supervisory help in establishing the
library from Marian Leith, regional librarian,
North Carolina State Library and Charles H. Fox,
consultant, Special Services Division, North Caro-
lina State Library. It was through their profes-
sional help that the PatientsT Library got off to a
very good start.
Chaplain Thomas A. Wolfe, hospital chaplain,
and Mrs. Barbara Head, his secretary, were the
in-house people who did the primary work in
establishing the library. Grant monies along with
matching funds from the state enabled them to
establish the first basic library here at Cherry
Hospital. In addition to the books that were pur-
chased, the hospital through its PatientsT Benefit
Fund began to secure magazine subscriptions and
other supplies to make the library a very func-
tional and informative area. Many patients who
have been here for a long time have ceased to be
aware of current events, and this can be a prob-
lem to them when they leave the hospital. What
they learn at the hospital can help in the rehabili-
tation process leading to releasé from the hospital
back into the real world.
Function of the Library
We feel that it is our function in the PatientsT
Library to foster the growth and development of a
personTs totality and attitudes toward life, to aid
in meeting their needs by helping them to make
use of all that is happening to them, and to inte-
grate this into their move toward health and
Dale E. Doverspike is Supervisor of the Patient Library at
Cherry Hospital in Goldsboro.
wholeness. The library becomes one of the arms in
the therapeutic environment of meeting the total
need through stimulation of their interest in the
world around them. It is something that they can
do on their own and at their own speed in order
to become more sensitized to their awareness or
lack of it in learning to cope with world problems.
As the library grew, we expanded our inter-
ests and provided greater services to the patients
here at Cherry Hospital. We have established a
rather large audio program where the patients
can listen to stereo records or cassette tapes of
various types of artists and music. We also have
established some literature in large print and
Braille for the visually impaired patient. In addi-
tion, we have established an oEasy Reading�
library that is specifically designed for the men-
tally retarded and the low-level readers from the
Children and Youth Unit. In this oEasy Reading�
library we have such things as oTalking Books�
and filmstrips which aid them not only in reading
but also in their awareness of the value of reading.
This part of the library is supported with record
players, cassette players and various types of
slide/film strip projectors.
Hometown Newspapers
Cherry Hospital is the hospital for a catch-
ment area of thirty-three counties in the eastern
region of North Carolina and a lot of the patients
wish to read their local newspapers to keep up
with local news. Therefore, we have written to the
various areas of the eastern part of the state
requesting that their local newspaper be fur-
nished to our library so that the patients in that
area can keep up with their neighbors and
friends. Using this approach, we now have a
rather large newspaper selection which many of
the patients use on a regular basis. At the present
time, we have about thirty current magazines, six
or eight regional newspapers, and one of the
national papers that gives both national and for-
eign news. In this way, the patients at Cherry
1985 Fall"147
Hospital are able to keep up with what is going on
both in their local world back home and in the
larger areas of the state, national and world news.
One of the goals that we try to achieve in this
library is to provide a place where the patients can
come and find the quietness they need to write or
read and get away from the frenzied pace of the
ward; a place where they can come to find them-
selves, to contemplate their particular personal
problems; a place where they can just take time to
look around and explore what is available to
them in finding wholeness. Many patients in the
past have expressed their gratitude for the library
and the opportunity it affords them to get away
from the confusion of the ward and have some
quiet time where they can find some inward
peace and reflect upon their own circumstances
in life. We also find that there are times when they
want to talk about the books and the magazines
that they are reading and to do some checking on
their own rational awareness of who and what
and where they are in the here and now. We feel
that we have provided that kind of service and
continue to strive to enhance our library so that it
will be more therapeutic and entertaining for our
patients.
OUR JOB
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major goal in mind: to simplify your serials
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148"North Carolina Libraries
Dr. Evelyn H. Daniel has been named dean of the School of
Library Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill effective July 1.
A prolific author in the fields of information systems,
computer technology, business management, library science
and telecommunications, Daniel has been dean and professor
at the School of Information Studies at Syracuse University
since 1981. She has previously taught at the universities of
Rhode Island, Kentucky and Maryland, and has held profes-
sional positions in school, public, special and academic
libraries. She received her masterTs degree and doctorate
from the University of Maryland, and her undergraduate
degree in history from the University of North Carolina at
Wilmington.
Daniel succeeds Dr. Edward G. Holley, dean of the school
since 1972. Holley will return to full-time teaching and
research.
This publication
is available
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Microfilms
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Call toll-free 800-521-3044. In Michigan,
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mail inquiry to: University Microfilms International,
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cere OE LL SACS
Beyond Books
Carol P. Lachenman
Nestled amid trees and grassy areas, Wright
School is situated on 32 acres in the modest Brag-
town neighborhood of Durham. It does not look
like an institution, yet it is. As the North Carolina
Re-Education Center, Wright School is a state-op-
erated residential treatment center for children
with learning and behavior problems. It is funded
by the Department of Human Resources: Division
of Mental Health, Mental Retardation, and Sub-
stance Abuse Services. Coming primarily from the
north central region of North Carolina, the chil-
dren live at Wright School from Monday to Friday,
year-round. The average residential stay is ap-
proximately 5 months, although some children
stay as long as one year. Compared to other insti-
tutions, Wright School is tiny, serving 24-26 chil-
dren on a given day.
Who are these children? They are young: 6 to
12 years of age. Almost all are boys. They are not
mentally retarded or physically handicapped.
Most are academically underachieving despite
average or above average estimated intellectual
functioning. Many are fighters, tough guys. Some
are passive and withdrawn. Most have serious
academic and/or behavioral problems in their
public schools back home. Many of their families
are in crisis. The children come to Wright School
because they need a highly structured, supportive
setting in which to learn more adaptive ways to
handle themselves in response to their families,
schools and communities.
The children, typically, are turned off by
school. Their history of failure in the academic
arena derives from diverse sources such as per-
ceptual problems, attentional deficits, defiance of
authority, to name a few. Whatever the cause,
however, most of the children approach Wright
School in the same way they have approached
other settings: expecting failure. In order to break
this self-fulfilling, defeatist cycle, educational,
therapeutic, and recreational activities are struc-
tured throughout the day and evening to ensure
success as well as to teach new skills. The enor-
mity of the task"to plan and to implement such
Carol P. Lachenman is Educational Diagnostician at the
Wright School in Durham.
activities"is much reduced through the compre-
hensive services of the library program
Library services at Wright School comprise
five components: the curriculum library, the pro-
fessional library, media services, the computer,
and the childrenTs library. Coordinated by the
Curriculum and Resource Team, each of the com-
ponents makes its unique contribution to the
total Wright School program.
Whatever the cause, most of
the children approach Wright
School in the same way they
have approached other settings:
expecting failure.
Educational needs are addressed through
the curriculum library containing public school
basal materials, remedial programs, and supple-
mentary materials such as kits, flashcards, and
audiovisual aids. For many of the children, such
multisensory approaches and materials are neces-
sary in order for them to acquire age-appropriate
academic skills.
Literature in the areas of residential treat-
ment and special education, as well as current
journals and reprints, fill the professional library.
This library is used by university interns and
Wright School staff. Media services are typical
school fare: recorders, projectors, screens, and a
modest supply of filmstrips and tape recordings.
The Apple II Plus computer is used by children for
academic drill, creative writing (using the Bank
Street Writer program), and computer games.
With growing frequency and enthusiasm, teachers
utilize the computer for report-writing and
record-keeping.
The ChildrenTs Library is the heart of the
library program. Although its holdings are small
(approximately 1750 books), it offers a broad
spectrum of subjects, reading levels, and formats.
Each group of children has a weekly library sched-
ule permitting selection of books for reading dur-
ing free time, silent reading activities, or other
1985 Fall"149
class assignments. Traditionally favored topics
are reptiles and spiders, jokes and riddles, picture
books, sports, and current heroes of the media
(such as Michael Jackson or Kareem-Abdul Jab-
bar).
Teachers also use the childrenTs library.
Materials are selected for introduction and
implementation of projects or units of study, e.g.,
The Solar System, Aquariums. Frequently, fiction
and picture books are chosen for daily reading to
the children. Often they are read before bed (a
routine comforting as well as entertaining).
Sometimes books with affective content are
selected purposefully, as for example, to intro-
duce the topic of death or adoption. Directed to
an individual or a group of children having diffi-
culty talking frankly about an issue, literature can
be a non-threatening means to promote discus-
sion. Bullies, the new kid on the block, sibling
rivalry, even learning disabilities are just a few of
the topics that become accessible to the children
through literature.
In addition to the direct benefits of reading
and listening experiences, the library at Wright
School gives the children regular opportunities to
practice proper library decorum. It also sets
a\
SS
parameters of responsibility for the care and
return of materials.
Periodic excursions to the main Durham
County Public Library provide a larger context for
the children to practice appropriate library
behavior as well as access to a more extensive
selection of materials. Teachers also utilize that
library as a resource for ideas and materials on
particular themes such as black history, birds,
North Carolina. In addition, recreational films are
borrowed from DCPL for group showings.
Library space and financial considerations
are perennial impediments to the expansion of
library services at Wright School. A small LSCA
Title I grant for 1984-85 purchased dozens of new
childrenTs books as well as mobiles and posters for
sprucing up the appearance of library areas. Next
year, perhaps LSCA money will be available again.
Donations of current books in excellent condition
are very welcomed, although infrequent.
Wright School values its library services as an
integral part of the total treatment program. To
educate, to relax, to entertain: these objectives
are achievable when all library components are
utilized to their fullest.
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Call or write for particulars.
911 Northridge Street e P. O. Box 21568 ¢ Greensboro, North Carolina 27420
Telephone (919) 299-7534
An Equal Opportunity Employer
150"North Carolina Libraries
a nnn se eg TE eT oT
Organizing and Establishing
a Prison Library
Mike Johnson Sandra Morris
Sen eee ene ee ree ee ae ee a a ne
Southern Correctional Center is one of North
CarolinaTs newest medium/close custody adult
male felon institutions. It is located in rural Mont-
gomery County near the town of Troy. This 480
bed single cell complex serves as a diagnostic and
reception center for inmates from the 56 counties
in eastern North Carolina and has a total staff of
271. Its primary mission is to protect the public
and secondarily, to further human potential for
those incarcerated by providing them with pro-
grams for rehabilitation, enrichment, and growth,
Mike Johnson, SouthernTs principal, arrived
in January 1983. Before him lay the difficult task
of establishing a school program in the prison.
SouthernTs Education Section, with only 14
employees, would include academic, vocational,
and library components and would serve as a
foundation on which to build; therefore, staffing it
with the most competent and qualified individu-
als was essential. One such person, Sandra Morris,
was selected to establish the library.
On April 5, 1983, the new prison librarian
began her first day of employment as library
technician at the brand new correctional center.
She had been employed by the Montgomery
County Public Library for four years and quickly
realized upon her entrance through the admis-
sion gates at the institution that her new library
position would be quite different from her pre-
vious one. During the first week there were Many
orientation sessions and briefings on institutional
rules and regulations. Getting acclimated to an
environment where security had top priority
proved to be a difficult task.
As we would be working together as principal
and librarian, we were relieved to find that we
shared a genuine enthusiasm for establishing a
functional library. Our plan was that the library
at Southern be both the hub of the school pro-
gram and an oasis for those inmates not attend-
ing school. We realized that our patrons would
represent various racial, social, and religious
groups and would need a wide variety of mate-
rials. We hoped to satisfy the recreational, liter-
Mike Johnson is Principal and Sandra Morris is Library Tech-
nician at the Southern Correctional Center in Troy.
ary, and educational needs of our patrons by
maintaining a public library image.
Arrangements were made for
inmates in disciplinary and
administrative segregation (sol-
itary confinement) to receive
books from a book cart trans-
ported to their unit.
It was immediately apparent that one of the
major problems to be resolved was the small size
of the area designated for the library. Initially,
this space, about 920 square feet, was to be used
both as a work room for processing books and for
the library. The adjoining room was to be used as
the law library. It soon became evident that this
room could not house the number of volumes
necessary for a full law library and the location
was changed. It was recommended that this
adjoining room be utilized by the library as an
office, work room, and a space to house the
equipment for a proposed music listening center.
For security purposes, the library is constructed
with the entire front wall of glass. Shelving could
not be placed in front of this wall as it would block
the view of the interior of the library. This was
another limitation.
In the previous months several boxes of
donated books had been gathered and placed in
the library. These donations came both from the
general public and from the Education Office of
the Department of Correction (which subscribes
to a publisher's giveaway program). This was our
initial collection. On taking inventory of these 500
books, we found many to be duplicates or of little
value to us. At that time, furniture in the library
consisted of one reference table, one card catalog
(far too large), and a number of four-foot book-
shelves.
On April 7, 1983, James R. Myrick, institu-
tional consultant for the State Library, visited our
library. He came to discuss the possibility of our
obtaining LSCA Title I funds for our library and
1985 Fall"151
presented us with several boxes of new paper-
backs purchased by the State Library. Jim proved
to be a valuable asset to our library program. Hav-
ing worked as librarian at Sandhills Youth Center,
he had experience in correctional library settings.
He also provided us with the following informa-
tion that proved to be very beneficial in establish-
ing our library:
1. A copy of the oLibrary Standards for Adult
Correctional Institutions�
2. The booklet oHow to Organize and operate a
Small Library� by Genore H. Bernhard
3. Information on the State LibraryTs film service
and its processing center
4. A copy of suggested rules and regulations we
might adapt for our library
5. Results of readerTs interest surveys he had
conducted in prisons
Criteria for discarding books
Guidelines for materials selection
SES
On April 22, Dr. Swarn Dahiya, curriculum
specialist for the Department of Correction
(DOC), and Nathaniel Boykin, DOC Library Con-
sultant, visited the education section at Southern.
Mr. Boykin gave us a list of reference books that
we might consider purchasing, relayed to us
information on how to obtain materials for the
library through the inmate welfare fund, and gave
us a report on the status of our newspaper and
magazine orders (which had been placed with the
DOC several months previously and had not as
yet been received).
We visited a number of libraries prior to
opening the library at Southern. Among these
were Montgomery Technical College Library,
Montgomery County Public Library, and Cameron
Morrison Youth Center Library. We discussed our
basic needs with the librarians and made note of
the types of audiovisuals and books used in each
library. Most profitable was our visit to the library
at Piedmont Correctional Center in Salisbury, NC,
where Michael Childress, the library technician,
provided us with a wealth of valuable informa-
tion.
Using the Gaylord, Demco, and Highsmith
library supply catalogs borrowed from the Mont-
gomery County Public Library, we compiled a list
of necessary supplies. At this time, we were intro-
duced to the purchasing procedures used by the
Department of Correction. While awaiting the
arrival of library supplies (which were not
obtained until August), the following duties were
performed:
Preparation of the LSCA grant application;
Compilation of library rules and regulations;
Discarding of old, inappropriate books;
Classification of all salvageable books;
Procurement of additional library furniture;
Functional arrangement of the shelving;
Inventory of all books and equipment;
Preparation of shelf title guides;
Requests for current catalogs, as well as pos-
sible donations, were sent to publishers;
Stencils were prepared for monthly circula-
tion statistics.
Se Se ON eco Noor
_"
=
Southern Correctional Center in Troy.
152"North Carolina Libraries
On April 25, 1983, we received a number of
minimum security inmates. These inmates re-
sided at Southern for less than a month and
assisted in preparing the institution to house its
permanent population of medium security in-
mates. A temporary check-out system was put in
place in the library to accommodate these
inmates.
The first of our medium security inmates
arrived on May 23. By this date, we had estab-
lished a permanent schedule for inmate use of the
library. This schedule permitted each inmate to
visit the library twice a week for not more than
one hour per visit. Inmates were to be escorted to
the library by a correctional officer who was to
remain in thelibrary during their visit. Due to the
small size of the library, no more than ten inmates
were allowed to utilize the facility at a given time.
Arrangements were made for inmates in discipli-
nary and administrative segregation (solitary
confinement) to receive books from a book cart
transported to their unit.
On May 16, we signed a film service agree-
ment with the Film Service Branch of the North
Carolina State Library. This enabled us to begin
borrowing 16mm films.
pecs
Slane S
In June, the DOC consultant informed us that
we had been approved to receive $950 from the
inmate welfare fund to be used for the purchase
of reference books for the library. We ordered a
set of World Book encyclopedias, as well as other
needed reference materials with these funds.
Donations from various sources continued to
arrive almost weekly and by July the book collec-
tion exceeded 1,000 books. Circulation reports
continued to show a steady increase. Inmates
began expressing a desire for more new books
and in August, we distributed an inmate reading
interest survey form to assess our patronsT needs.
August also brought the arrival of our magazines
and our processing supplies.
Foreseeing the vast amount of work ahead,
the prison administration assigned an inmate
aide to the library.
The State Library institutional consultant
brought a number of paperback books in August,
as well as the good news that our grant had been
approved. The $4,200 in grant funds allowed us to
purchase additional books and enough equip-
ment to initiate our listening center operation.
The listening center features wireless head-
sets and has proved to be a very popular library
a:
Piedmont Correctional CenterTs vocational carpentry class built the seven-foot shelves that the inmates are browsing.
1985 Fall"153
program. Statistical reports for 1984 indicate an
average of 213 inmates utilizing this resource per
month. Listeners have the privilege of selecting
music by their favorite artists. A wide array of
cassettes and phonodiscs provide patrons with
many types of music, such as rock and pop,
rhythm and blues, gospel, soul, jazz, and country.
Religious and motivational tapes are also avail-
able upon request.
A non-reader in prison is truly
locked out as well as locked up.
With the continuing contribution of books
from the State Library, donations from the
Department of Correction and from individuals,
and materials purchased with LSCA and inmate
welfare funds, the book inventory has increased
to over 2,000 volumes by January 1984. Four-foot
book shelves would no longer accommodate our
growing collection. With funds provided by the
inmate welfare fund, we arranged for Piedmont
Correctional CenterTs vocational carpentry class
to build seven-foot book shelves for the library. We
received these shelves in February. The institution
itself provided us with the funds to purchase
three revolving book racks, thus providing us with
additional shelving space.
In June 1984, we submitted another LSCA
proposal. The library received $2,045 from this
effort. $1,000 was spent on books, $420 on phono-
discs and cassettes, and $625 on listening center
equipment which included a turntable and three
wireless headsets. Inmate welfare funds were
applied towards the purchase of another cassette
recorder and four additional headsets.
By the end of December 1984, our book
inventory increased to 3,300. According to 1984
circulation statistics, the percentages of types of
materials circulated were as follows:
BOOKS
Non-fiction 17%
Mysteries 13%
Westerns 14%
Science Fiction 3%
Occult 4%
Other 14%
65%
Magazines accounted for 35% of the total
print circulation. No record is kept of newspaper
use.
An inmate prison aide checks out materials to another inmate at Southern Correctional Center Library.
154"North Carolina Libraries
The three most popular authors in the collec-
tion are Donald Goines (black experience), Louis
LTAmour (western) and Harold Robbins (soft core
sex). The most popular magazines are osoft porn�
types such as oPlayboy,� oPenthouse,� and oPlay-
ers.� oPeople,� oEbony,� and oSports Illustrated�
are also in demand.
Our increased book inventory and the addi-
tion to our listening center boosted our number of
patrons to 1,717 in January 1985. Our total circu-
lation for the same month reached a record high
of 2,559 items.
Future plans for the library include discard-
ing all noncirculating items to allow space for
books proven to be in demand. With the purchase
of additional book racks, we anticipate housing a
collection of around 8,000 books. We hope to
make the library's physical appearance more
appealing by carpeting the floor and adding some
lounge-type furniture. We foresee establishing a
computer station for the recreational and self-
educational purposes of our patrons. Relying on
institutional and inmate welfare funds, donations
coordinated by the Department of Correction and
individuals, state and federal grant funds, and
book money administered by the State Library, we
will strive to maintain and build upon a good
beginning. Our prison library, although small, is
viewed as a quality product. It is one that the
inmates themselves view as a Mecca for enlight-
enment and for brief periods of escape: a window
to the outside world. A non-reader in prison is
truly locked out as well as locked up.
Be 3 i ek eee ee eee ence a ee LERI& MMA a ENT dae
Join NCLA
Satis sagt cimitocsen pits ket nt ne
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NC 27611.
1985 Fall"155
Finding the Line
John Michaud
I am writing about my new job at a medium-
security prison for adult male felons. The library
is a little more than two years old and I am the
third librarian to hold the position. Things are a
lot different here from the public library where I
used to work. For one thing, along with my library
science degree, I now have a correctional officerTs
certificate.
In order to fulfill the requirements of the
Department of Correction, I had to complete a
four week course at the North Carolina Justice
Academy a few months after being hired"sort of
a basic training. The curriculum covered such
arcane subjects as unarmed self-defense, pistol
qualification, training in case of a riot and some
useful courses in interpersonal skills. In all the
classes I sat through, there was one lesson to be
learned: my basic duty as a prison employee is to
protect the public from those individuals judged a
threat to society. This means that as I deliver
library services I must never forget that the
patron is an inmate. Finding the line between
staff and inmates is not always easy.
As an experienced bookman, I
know that a visit to the library
should be more than a series of
inmate/staff confrontations.
Centrally located to the five cell blocks, the
library contains 800 square feet of floor space
with shelving for around 7,000 books and seating
for ten patrons. The inventory stands at 4,031
books including paperbacks. The library also
houses a small record collection with two stereo
turntables that transmit to wireless headphones.
To help me I have two inmate assistants. They
manage the circulation desk and the stereo sys-
tem, shelve books, file and process books; how-
ever, a lot of routine work like answering the
telephone and photocopying cannot be delegated
to them for reasons of internal security. One of
John Michaud is Librarian, Eastern Correctional Center in
Maury.
156"North Carolina Libraries
the library assistants spins the records, but the
institution rules mandate that the librarian sign
out the headphones. So, when I am at a meeting
or someplace else on business, there is no music.
Inmates who come to the library must hand me a
pass as well as sign in. When they get ready to
leave, I sign them back to their cell blocks.
As an experienced bookman, I know that a
Things are a lot different here
from the public library where I
used to work. For one thing,
along with my library science
degree, I now have a correc-
tional officerTs certificate.
visit to the library should be more than a series of
inmate/staff confrontations. So the major chal-
lenge of my job is to create a real library within
the prison (a library equipped with a card
catalog, classified books and materials that reflect
the interests and needs of the residents) and, in
the process, demonstrate to some skeptics that
the library can be a place for information and
leisure time enjoyment. The notion of quality pris-
on library service is slow to materialize for
obvious reasons: the systemTs basic function is
incarcerating individuals; consequently, money
for building a book collection has low priority. As
a matter of fact funding by the Department of
Correction for library materials is negligible, all of
it going to by magazines. Fortunately, we cur-
rently have a small LSCA Title I grant; on the
other hand, because of cumbersome purchasing
procedures, it is difficult to spend the grant funds
in such a way as to respond to the reading inter-
ests of the inmates. As I was heard to say recently,
oBuying books is not like procuring ammunition.�
The collection remains essentially an odd
assortment of discarded books and ogifts.� For
titles not in the collection, I rely on the State
LibraryTs interlibrary loan network. Another good
source of books is a rotating collection provided
to us by the Neuse Regional Library. While the
typical inmate reads on a sixth grade level, read-
ing interests are surprisingly varied, from solar
powered satellites and plate tectonics to C.
Wright Mills and Sufism. Paperback fiction, espe-
cially westerns, accounts for most of the circula-
tion. There is also a steady demand for the
classics, black history, religion, art and school
related subjects.
""""""
The longer I work at it, the
more confident I am of finding
a workable compromise be-
tween being a librarian and
being a correctional officer.
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The library is a popular place and I enjoy
making it work. It serves an average daily inmate
population of 450 and the institutional staff.
There are 1,150 inmate library visits a month. Of
course, many come simply to listen to music or to
scan the special oanatomy magazines.� Book circu-
lation has increased concomitantly with collec-
tion development. By the way, statistics for this
library's productivity tend to understate the out-
put as books are often passed around from one
resident to another or they simply leave under
someone's shirt.
In the game of tennis that I like to play, itTs
always good to get out there and play a tough
opponent. It improves oneTs game. And, itTs a
characteristic of this job that the longer I work at
it, the more confident I am of finding a workable
compromise between being a librarian and being
a correctional officer.
EEE
H. William OTShea, Jr., chairman of the NCLA
Nominating Committee, has announced the fol-
lowing election results:
Vice-President/President-Elect Patsy J. Hansel
Second Vice-President Edith Briles
Secretary Dorothy W. Campbell
Treasurer Nancy C. Fogarty
Directors Arial A. Stephens
Benjamin F. Speller
ALA Representative Fred Roper
President of the organization for 1985-87 is Pau-
line F. Myrick.
David Harrington, chairman of the North
Carolina Association of School Librarians Nomi-
nating Committee, has announced the following
results of the 1985 NCASL elections:
Vice-Chairman/Chairman-Elect Carol Southerland
Director at Large 1985-89 Carolyne Burgman
Director Geographial Area
1985-89 Kathy Kiser
AASL Affiliate Assembly Delegate
1985-86 Glenn Wall
Chairman of NCASL for 1985-87 is Helen Tugwell.
ener ae eg A A A RSS
1985 Fall"157
I Work in a Prison
Michael Childress
I work in a prison. Some people refer to it as a
ocorrectional facility.� A hundred years ago the
progressive leaders of an enlightened populace
referred to a correctional facility as a peniten-
tiary. Today that sounds harsh. In the 1930's big
gangsters and big matinee idols called a correc-
tional facility the obig house,� inmates were called
ocons,� and doing time was oin stir.� oStir� was
done under the considerate care of a correctional
officer called a obull.� I donTt know what librarians
were called if they existed. Sometimes I wonder if
we have a name now. I hear a few now and then,
but I am not allowed to print them. Being a librar-
ian in a prison requires ego control. Before every-
one earned a degree, ego control was called othick
skin.� If you work anywhere in a prison, at any job,
you need thick skin. I'll tell you why.
I arrive at work at 7:00 a.m. I go to the office
30 minutes early to beat the traffic and enjoy a
quiet cup of coffee. I take it black. ItTs really quiet
at 7:00 in the morning at this prison. Breakfast is
just being served to 540 close custody, gun-con-
trolled murderers, rapists, child molesters, pro-
fessional thieves, and drug pushers"all library
patrons. In spite of the quiet murmurings of a
slowly heating architecture being warmed up in
the clear gold of a beautiful Carolina sunrise, I
must not fail to remind myself that the peace is
illusive. This place is dangerous. Professional
trainers have informed me, nagged me, pleaded to
me, and demonstrated to me many different ways
that my jobrcould get me killed or permanently
injured. I have standard security procedures to
obey. If ITm not careful in following them my fam-
ily may end up very sad. If that sounds overdra-
matic, then prison work is not for you.
At precisely eight oTclock inmates begin enter-
ing the library. My inmate clerk checks out the
books so I can observe as much as possible. Aside
from my inmate clerk and the guidance counselor
who shares office space with me in the library, I
am on my own. Often my colleague is out of the
library for long stretches of time. At that time, I
Michael Childress is Library Technician I at Piedmont Cor-
rectional Center in Salisbury.
158"North Carolina Libraries
am absolutely alone with sixty criminals who, if
they wanted, could take me hostage at the merest
whim. Technically, I am helpless to prevent this
from happening if they actually ever decide to do
it. Unprofessionally speaking, I must be nuts.
Either that, or foxholes and prison libraries have
no atheists.
Inmates including the murderers from break-
fast surround me. They are listening to music on
headphones, reading magazines, looking through
the 7,000 paperbacks, and reading the newspap-
ers. The scene looks pretty tame, but I donTt know
what they are thinking. No one is talking. I had to
stop all talking. Once a large homosexual ring
infiltrated the library for several days. They
decided that this would be their place to raise
institutional hell. They disturbed everyone so
much, something had to be done. It was. No talk-
ing. No whispering. No murmuring. No clucking.
No nothing.
As well as being a librarian, I am a certified
correctional officer just like a policeman. As a
correctional officer, I often have the uncomforta-
ble responsibility of confronting a 6T4� 290 lbs. iron
pumper with muscles like Conan the Barbarian
with the news that he must leave the library"
now. Another danger of being a prison librarian is
emotional stress. See above. Anyone who says he
is not nervous in such situations is either stupid, a
liar, or all three. I've lost count.
ItTs my personal practice to keep open doors
deadlocked at the knob. This is to ensure that if
someone does try to attack me, at least I will have
between 10 and 15 seconds to grab the telephone
before he breaks through the glass. No kidding.
Just to make sure I see him coming, all book-
shelves in the library are bolted flush to the wall
with any free-standing shelf not more than three
feet tall. None of the free-standing shelves are
arranged in rows. They run straight end to end.
This is done so no one can play jack-in-the-box,
thus encouraging staff into asking about the early
retirement plan.
Some of my patrons are nuts. Mental health
staff have descriptive words of Latin derivation to
tell me to be careful (really, really careful) around
these particular inmates. These inmates cannot
come to the library because they are locked in
little cells upstairs. I take books to them twice a
week. In the course of checking out books to these
men, I have been cussed, spit on, and attacked. I
go home at 4:30 p.m. (on the dot, pal).
What in the world am I doing here? Well, I
love ideas, and I respect challenges. This has
plenty of both. When I think sometimes that itTs all
a farce, I remind myself of the old, thin, bald-
headed guy who comes almost every day to check
out a book. One day he returned a copy of Henry
Steele CommagerTs History of the American Peo-
ple. This day, I was working the circulation desk.
As it left his hand, his face took on a concentrated
appearance and his voice a studious tremor. He
said, oITve read two books in my whole life and ITm
sixty-one years old. The first one I read was
Tobacco Road when I was sixteen. It wasnTt
nothinT. But everybody in American ought to read
this book. Do you have anything on Thomas Jef-
ferson? He was one of the smartest men who ever
lived in the world.� Before he stepped into this
library, this old man had read only one book.
Since then this old fellow has read nearly every-
thing in the 900Ts on American history. I often
hear him in the hallways around the prison talk-
ing to other inmates about Thomas Jefferson, the
Civil War, and the Constitution of the United
States. B.F. Skinner might say that this was one
piece of corn that dropped down and supplied
just enough reinforcement to keep me from
struggling against a sea of troubles. No matter.
Anyway you look at it, somehow, through all this
mess, a human mind was unlocked.
Instructions for the Preparation
of Manuscripts
for North Carolina Libraries
1. North Carolina Libraries seeks to publish articles, book
reviews, and news of professional interest to librarians in
North Carolina. Articles need not be of a scholarly nature,
but they should address professional concerns of the library
community in the state.
2. Manuscripts should be directed to Robert Burgin, Editor,
North Carolina Libraries, School of Library Science, N.C.
Central University, Durham, N.C. 27707.
3. Manuscripts should be submitted in triplicate on plain white
paper measuring 8%"x11".
4. Manuscripts must be double-spaced (text, references, and
footnotes). Manuscripts should be typed on sixty-space lines,
twenty-five lines to a page. The beginnings of paragraphs
should be indented eight spaces. Lengthy quotes should be
avoided. When used, they should be indented on both
margins.
5. The name, position, and professional address of the author
should appear in the bottom left-hand corner of a separate
title page.
6. Each page after the first should be numbered consecutively
at the top right-hand corner and carry the author's last
name at the upper left-hand corner.
7. Footnotes should appear at the end of the manuscript. The
editors will refer to The Chicago Manual of Style, 13th edi-
tion. The basic forms for books and journals are as follows:
1, Keyes Metcalf, Planning Academic and Research Library
Buildings New York: McGraw, 1965), 416.
Susan K. Martin, oThe Care and Feeding of the MARC
Format,� American Libraries 10 (September 1979): 498.
8. Photographs will be accepted for consideration but cannot
be returned.
9. North Carolina Libraries is not copyrighted. Copyright rests
with the author. Upon receipt, a manuscript will be acknowl-
edged by the editor. Following review of a manuscript by at
least two jurors, a decision will be communicated to the writ-
er. A definite publication date cannot be given since any
incoming manuscript will be added to a manuscript from
which articles are selected for each issue.
Issue deadlines are February 10, May 10, August 10, and
November 10.
1985 Fall"159
A PrisonTs Library " A Look Inside
Betty J. Gholston
P.T. Lancaster
As you walk through the doors of the media
center, you will see what appears to be an ordi-
nary library. The colorful books in Mylar jackets
are arranged on the shelves that surround the
2,000 square feet of floor space. Shiny rectangular
tables and upholstered chairs fill the orange-car-
peted and well-lighted room. Seasonal and color-
ful bulletin boards line one wall while scenic
paintings and hanging green plants grace the oth-
ers. Attractive lounging furniture, paperback
novels, periodicals and newspapers all help to
create an atmosphere that is relaxing and entic-
ing. However, the young men you see browsing
through magazines while listening to the latest
tunes on tape or phonodisc are not the ordinary
patrons of a library; they are incarcerated youth-
ful offenders"prison inmates. Even the color of
their clothes has a very distinctive meaning. The
grayish brown signifies medium custody (re-
stricted movement with gun towers) and the dark
green signifies minimum custody (less restricted
environment). These eighteen-to twenty-three
year-old offenders are housed at Cameron Morri-
son Youth Center, part of the Youth Complex of
the North Carolina Department of Correction. It
is situated in Hoffman, North Carolina, in the
northern end of Richmond County.
The media center, located in the academic/
vocational building, is the oheart� of Cameron
Morrison. The question of how the oheart�
responds to the demands of its patrons is an-
swered by the large number of residents using the
service. The 4,000 hardback books (classified
according to the Dewey Decimal System) offer the
resident varied opportunities for research. Audio-
visual materials selected according to the aca-
demic and vocational needs of the residents
provide learning experiences through pictures
and sounds.
The recreational library is a special feature of
the media program and is the most popular. For
hours, residents leave the world of reality behind
Betty J. Gholston is Media Specialist and P.T. Lancaster is
Educational Director at Cameron Morrison Youth Center in
Hoffman.
160"North Carolina Libraries
and live in a world of fantasy by reading their
favorite paperback books or listening to the otop
of the chart� soundtracks through stereo head-
sets (a wireless system of electronic and mechan-
ical technology). Color television, movies and
games are also part of the recreational library
privileges. The library has an area designated for
residents who desire to read religious materials or
to listen to religious tapes. Other media programs
include a core law library which allows residents
at Cameron Morrison and Sandhills Youth Center
to do legal research. Poetry contests, quiz bowls,
book review and other programs are used to
stimulate and maintain interest in the offerings of
the media center.
The demand for services has
been so great that media per-
sonnel have established three
satellite libraries in the dormi-
tories.
Of the 400 inmates at Morrison, approxi-
mately half are enrolled in academic and voca-
tional classes. All classes are scheduled to visit the
media center once or twice a week. On Fridays
and two Sundays each month, those residents on
work assignments or those not assigned specific
duties may use the media center. The demand for
services has been so great that media personnel
have established three satellite libraries in the
dormitories.
The Media Specialist holds both Bachelor of
Science and Master of Science degrees. She has
spent sixteen years at Cameron Morrison Youth
Center and relates well to the residents and staff.
The library aides are inmates working in incentive
wage jobs which pay from forty cents to one dol-
lar a day. Their jobs are like those of most library
aides or assistants. They check media in and out,
process books and materials, and perform routine
maintenance.
"""""ee rc eS S"( Str
The philosophical concepts of any media cen- the routine of prison life through the magic of
ter are as varied as the clientele it serves. media.
Cameron MorrisonTs objectives are as follows: As a result of funding by LSCA Title I Grants
1. To serve the educational needs of residents (through the North Carolina State Library) and
based on their individual goals. state funds, meeting these objectives is possible.
2. To strengthen and support the rehabilitative Thus, we may conclude that the media center
needs. is the oheart� of the campus and that its obeat� is
3. To serve the leisure or recreational needs of its loud and clear, and would be a welcome addition
residents by providing them an escape from to any correctional facilty anywhere.
Sao icabvate pees Inc
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911 Hoare? Street e P. O. Box 21568 ¢ Greensboro, North Carolina VI)
Telephone (919) 299-7534
An Equal Opportunity Employer
1985 Fall"161
Sandhills Youth Center Library
Robert E. Drake
The library at Sandhills Youth Center serves a
multitude of purposes. It is located within the
school complex. It supports the educational pro-
gram and falls under the supervision of the Edu-
cation Director. Being the institutionTs only
library, it must provide for recreational pursuits
including facilities for pleasure reading, amuse-
ment games such as chess and checkers, a listen-
ing center for popular music, film showings for
both video cassettes and regular 16mm films and
live television. The library is also the holding and
distribution center for all audiovisual equipment.
Since it is the hub of so much activity, its bulletin
board is a posting place for current directives and
notices for residents.
The Youth Center population is made up of
18-24 year-old male youthful offenders whose
average academic achievement level is between
5th and 6th grade and whose school history typi-
cally ended with them as 8th grade dropouts. The
students are essentially considered in two catego-
ries: those who have the potential to earn their
high school equivalency (GED) and those who can
be expected only to learn to cope with daily living.
Thus, our program reaches from the elementary
through high school grades. With the residentTs
average stay of 7 months, the curriculum ad-
dresses only basic needs in mathematics, lan-
guage arts, science, and social studies. In addi-
tion, there are daily periods of vocational training
and physical education.
To. support the education program, the
library reference section, comprising about 500
books, includes the usual encyclopedias, fact
books, and atlases (studentsT knowledge of geog-
raphy is incredibly poor). The reading level of
these reference books is generally too high for the
average resident. Why then do we have such
books? The answer is a puzzling dilemma: resi-
dents will not publicly use books of low-level read-
ing since the child-like presentation of these
Robert E. Drake is Education Director, Sandhills Youth Cen-
ter in McCain.
162"North Carolina Libraries
books is ego-deflating; on the other hand, they
understand little from a reference resource too
advanced for their comprehension. So the refer-
ence sectio ndoes not get a big play by the stu-
dents. It is useful to the staff. As part of our staff
support, we subscribe to eight professional jour-
nals such as The Journal of Learning Disabili-
ties, Library Journal, The Physical Educator,
and Science Teacher.
The school is supported to some extent by a
small collection of classics. Except for occasional
required reading this material does not often
leave the shelves. We have also accumulated
extensive material to support our vocational
training. Even though this material does have
appeal, the reading level (technical vocabulary)
and measurement techniques are pitched too
high for our average student. We do try, however,
to surmount these shortcomings by supportive
teaching in our basic mathematics and reading
classes.
... the major attractions of our
library are music and video
presentations.
The general reading collection includes about
7000 volumes (3000 paperbacks and 4000 hard
covers) and many current periodicals. The favor-
ite reading or browsing material reflects the cul-
tural mode of todayTs young society. No wonder
then that Playboy ranks highest on the magazine
list and that Conan the Barbarian is the pre-
ferred way to enjoy mythology. The popular
authors are Donald Goins, Stephen King, Harold
Robbins, Louis L'Amour and the multiple Conan
authors. In addition to Playboy other magazine
favorites among our twenty-one subscriptions are
Easyriders, Hot Rod, Ebony, People, GentlemenTs
Quarterly, Jet, Sports Illustrated, and Iron Horse.
Because our residents are drawn from every
corner of the state, we keep six of the major daily
state newspapers on our racks. In this connec-
tion, our post GED classes have used the oNews-
papers in Education� program with much success.
We have had classes in science, current events,
cultural affairs, and communication skills all
based on the daily newspaper as text material.
The program also has taught students how to use
a newspaper and has motivated their interest in
reading. The librarian distributes these papers
and varies or cancels the weekly subscriptions to
meet the unpredictable weekly fluctuation in
enrollment.
In spite of our effort to foster good reading
habits, the major attractions of our library are
music and video presentations. Through our lis-
tening center we transmit cassette and phonodisc
music over four different stations to wireless
headsets. Like the use of the library, the use of the
headsets is a privilege earned by residents as part
of the institutionTs behavior modification pro-
gram. Issuance of the headsets as well as admit-
tance to the library is regulated by the librarian.
Keeping up with the musical tastes of the popula-
tion is a further responsibility of the librarian,
who must choose the cassettes and discs for pur-
chase. Recognizing that video constitutes a prin-
cipal means of reaching our students, we include
in our video cassette collection documentaries of
cultural depth, many recorded by the librarian
from live broadcasts. We show video cassettes or
16mm movies one day each week. The movies are
selected from the State Library Film Service on
the basis of their educational merit. We also order
films from industry usually to enhance vocational
training and science classes. Sources are typically
the aircraft, steel and petroleum industries and
are at no cost. Correspondence relating to these
films is maintained by the librarian in coordination
with the responsible teacher. By careful advance
planning, the librarian keeps up 4 steady ex-
change of films. Live television is infrequent: we
permit classes to view news items of special inter-
est such as the space shuttle, political highlights,
and, of course, ACC basketball finals.
The Sandhills Youth Center library is a busy
place and the librarian and assistants are busy
people. Use of the library, by those earning the
privilege and by an occasional class from absent
vocational teachers, involves some 1500-2000 res-
idents per month. We are proud of our good ser-
vice and of the professional environment offered
by our library. Surely, it is a major step to divert
the attention of these youthful offenders from
crime to more worthwhile pursuits.
State Official Presented ECU Award
Helen Tugwell of Greensboro and President of
the ECU Library Science Professional Society
presented last week the first Honorary Member-
ship of the organization to Carol Gaston Lewis,
Director of the Division of School Media Programs
in the N.C. State Department of Public Instruc-
tion. Ms. Lewis, who holds degrees from East
Carolina and the University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill was cited for her many contributions
to library development in North Carolina and her
aid given to members of the society which is made
up of the alumni of the Department of Library
and Information Studies.
Ms. Lewis has been with the State Depart-
ment for several years and prior to that was asso-
ciated with the public schools in various North
Carolina communities. She is a native of Pitt
County, North Carolina and has often been asso-
ciated with workshops and seminars sponsored
by East Carolina. The presentation was made at
the annual alumni workshop sponsored by the
society with over 100 participants present. The
Professional Society is a section within the ECU
Alumni Association.
This
publication
is available in
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International.
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1985 Fall"163
Computer Project at
Western Carolina Center Library
Bird R. Williams
Western Carolina Center is a regional mental
retardation facility operating as a part of the Divi-
sion of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and
Substance Abuse, within the North Carolina
Department of Human Resources. The center
serves the western 35 counties of North Carolina
as part of the StateTs developing system of habili-
tation for the mentally retarded. Western Caro-
lina Center operates on the premise that its
residents enjoy the same rights of citizenship as
does every other citizen of the state and of the
United States.
The mission of the facility is to provide resi-
dential treatment and care for those mentally
retarded persons in need of the same who are
unable to receive appropriate services within the
community. The goal is time limited so as to pro-
tect the resident from unnecessarily prolonged
institutionalization and in order to enhance his
early return to the community. Thus the facility
strives to be a otherapeutic detour� rather than a
dead-end street.
A restatement of the philosophy of Western
Carolina Center by Dr. Iverson Riddle, director,
dated June 15, 1981, reads, oApologies will not be
made for giving the highest priority to bringing
pleasure to the lives of handicapped people, a
priority which, on some occasions, will take
precedence over training and treatment.�
The opportunity to apply for a LSCA Title I
grant for 1983-1984 was a perfect way to act
upon this philosophy.
The canteen at Western Carolina Center con-
tains several video games. Students at Western
Carolina Center play these games during their
free time; however, the machines require money
and the games are played mostly by students who
are earning salaries and are able to travel inde-
pendently to the canteen. The time seemed right
for a computer to be available in the library for
games and the LSCA Title I program was our
answer to the funding.
Bird R. Williams is Library Media Technical Assistant in'the
Western Carolina Center Library in Morganton.
164"North Carolina Libraries
Jim Myrick, Institutional Consultant of the
Division of the State Library, was our mentor in
our decision to request a computer for games to
be played in the library. Judy Kurzer, Director of
Standards, Reports, and Special Projects and the
supervisor of the library, is a strong advocate for
the library and for the quality of life of our resi-
dents.
In order to apply for this grant, we had to
make many decisions and do much research. The
first decision was to attend an introduction to
data processing class offered to Western Carolina
Center personnel through Western Piedmont
Community College in Morganton, N.C. This
proved to be most helpful.
It was decided to make the computer avail-
able during library periods and also to make it
portable so it could be checked out for games to
be played in the classrooms during free time.
The facility strives to be a other-
apeutic detourT rather than a
dead-end street.
A prior decision had been made to remove
televisions from the classrooms and two of these
ancient, but still good, 21� television sets were
placed in the library. This meant we did not have
to spend our grant money for a monitor. This
came back to haunt us.
To meet the requirements of the grant appli-
cation, we had to specify which computer would
be bought. We picked up brochures, visited com-
puter centers, talked to users and discussed the
whole thing with Mr. Myrick, who is a computer
buff, and, of course, compared prices. Finally, and
carefully, the decision was made to purchase a
Commodore 64. This computer could play games,
play music, show colors, and it also showed prom-
ise of use for a long time. Its sturdiness was also in
our favor. We were satisifed with the decision to
purchase the Commodore 64.
The software market for the 64 seemed to be
diversified, plentiful, and forward looking. The
games looked like fun and seemed to be suitable
for our students.
Since we were not going to buy a monitor, we
decided to purchase a 1541 disk drive, which
would enable us to have access to many more
games.
Our computer system was enhanced with a
later grant, and we decided to purchase a printer,
an Okimate 10.
We did not have to use grant funds to pur-
chase a table as Dr. Denny Reid, director of pro-
grams, and an enthusiastic supporter of what we
were trying to do, allowed us $100 to purchase a
table.
Our first joystick purchase was later adapted
for the constant and sometimes rough use it
would get in our setting. This joystick is still being
used. We also purchased a set of remote control
sticks. Some games called for paddles, and we
finally found them at Sears.
The library at WCC is scheduled from Monday
through Friday in forty-five minute periods. These
periods are scheduled for every area on campus.
Our goal was to introduce these games during the
scheduled times. This learning period was sup-
plemented by workshops and individual visits to
Mike Pettit works on the microcomputer at Western Carolina
Center Library.
the computer. When the students were being
taught the games, students who were not actually
able to play the games enjoyed watching the
games in progress. Teaching the teachers also
worked out very well.
Several students visited the library inde-
pendently and were taught to play any games
they chose. Some students can now load and play
without further instruction. Recently, a student
intern selected a student and taught him to load a
cartridge and to turn on the computer. How
proud he became! As an after-school recreational
activity, students may choose to visit with a
recreator and play. Students have also dictated
letters and had them printed on the Okimate.
This project has been successful for our
library and we have learned many things along
the way. Some of the pluses and minuses are
listed below:
1. The 21� color TV is good graphically and can be
seen easily; however, it is not portable. This has
cut down on the use of the computer for free
time out of the library.
2. The Okimate 10 printer is suitable, but a better
quality printer would have been more pleasing.
The quality of the color and printing, and the
need for frequent ribbon changes are not in its
favor.
3. The market of software for the 64 has been
very good and easy to find. Places like K-Mart
or Brendles have some good sales. Our favorite
games are Pac-Man, Clowns, Wizard of Wor,
Kindercomp, Delat Drawing, Christmas Car-
ols for the 64, Facemaker, Radar Rat Race and
Sea Wolf. Another favorite is the Koala Pad.
Our players do not like Frogmaster or Zork. A
borrowed copy of Creative Writing brought a
request from a student to write a letter for him
and print it for mailing. What a good idea he
had!
4, We have found the Wico sticks to be sturdy and
able to stand a lot of abuse. The adapted joy-
stick is of help for the students with the use of
one hand as it is clamped to the table. It, too, is
very sturdy.
5, We purchased our equipment wherever we
could get the best price. Our biggest problem
was finding knowledgeable people to help us.
The entire experience has been enlightening,
educational, frustrating, and joyful. I would jump
in and do it all over again.
1985 Fall"165
Use of a Microcomputer with Residents
and Staff at a State Institution Serving
Mentally Retarded Persons
Mary Lou Lyon
The lack of appropriate leisure skill oppor-
tunities for adult residents at large state residen-
tial facilities is a well documented problem
(Baker, 1980; Ingalls, 1978). Because this group of
residents is predominantly older, fewer and fewer
materials marketed for leisure or play time can be
used by them, considering their handicapping
conditions and developmental status (Certo,
Schleien, & Hunter, 1983). The dilemma rages
because games, books and toys made for adults
are most likely too complex and therefore not fun,
while materials for children are not appropriate
for adults and may quickly lose their appeal.
One possibility for increasing leisure skills
opportunities is through the use of microcomput-
ers. In the student library at Murdoch Center in
Butner, a Commodore 64 microcomputer has
been made available to all residents on campus.
For the past six months, efforts have been made
to encourage use of the microcomputer with
announcements in several campus newsletters
and an active ospreading-of-the-word� by enthu-
siastic participants.
But why computer training with mentally
retarded residents? Computers fit many of the
desired qualifications for leisure skill activities:
age-appropriate, non-edible, able to increase or
decrease in level of difficulty, multi-sensory (vis-
ual, tactile, auditory), non-sexist, safe and fun.
Other advantages of using computers versus peo-
ple as a diversion are immediate feedback and the
computerTs limitless patience.
There has not been much effort made to work
with persons who are severely handicapped using
computers due to the inaccessibility of machines,
the complexity of operation and the lack of avail-
able programs which are feasible for a severely
physically or mentally retarded group. With
recent technological advances, special devices are
now becoming available which make computers
more accessible to even the most physically handi-
Mary Lou Lyon is a Research Associate at the University of
North Carolina and Educational Consultant at Murdoch Cen-
ter in Butner.
166"North Carolina Libraries
capped persons. For instance, special devices
allowing a person to operate the computer with a
push button switch, blow switch or infra-red
detector are on the market. In addition, com-
puters can be programmed to talk with an elec-
tronic female or male voice and adapted with
raised braille dots, making it accessible to persons
who are blind (Keating, 1984). Many more pro-
grams are also being developed for all ages and
ranges of ability, making the selection of games
and activities which can be used for fun and
teaching on the computer more diverse.
The purpose of this study was to help evalu-
ate the potential applicability of computer use
with residents at Murdoch Center. Classes were
arranged with a number of residents to begin
computer training on a weekly basis. Students
ranged from 18 to 72 years, with classifications
from quadriplegic and profoundly mentally re-
tarded to moderately retarded and behaviorally
disturbed.
Other advantages of using com-
puters versus people as a diver-
sion are immediate feedback
and the computerTs limitless
patience.
The goals established for the computer pro-
gramming at Murdoch Center included:
1. The expansion of leisure activity opportunities
for residents;
2. An increase in the amount of time residents
will spend interacting with an object;
3. The provision of a reinforcing stimulus for res-
idents;
4. An increase in residentsT overall skill develop-
ment (e.g., visual acuity, fine and gross motor
dexterity, receptive communication, etc.);
5. The encouragement of social interactions be-
tween residents and between residents and
staff; and
6. An increase in the general use of the Student
Resource Library.
There were six students who participated in
the project. Residents involved in the computer
training sessions finished the program at varying
stages of mastery; however, all made degrees of
progress and appeared to enjoy the work. Data
was kept on their weekly performance to help
assess the methods of training and the applicabil-
ity of the selected programs.
An important factor in working with handi-
capped persons is documenting their medication
status (Poling, 1983). Residents at state institu-
tions are often found to be on various substances
for controlling such problems as seizure activity
or aggression. These medications in turn can have
a profound effect on the personTs behavior,
depending on such things as tolerance, amounts
and drug interaction effects. Drug information on
each subject was documented for the duration of
the project.
Method
Presented are profiles of two of the subjects
involved in the study. Though one subject was
higher functioning than the other, both were able
to operate and enjoy the use of at least one pro-
gram on the microcomputer after training. Medi-
cation histories for the subjects during the study
are also included.
Subject 1. Joan was the oldest female student who
participated. She has been a resident of Murdoch
Center since 1964 and is 53 years old. Her classifi-
cation includes severe mental retardation, spas-
ticity and moderate diplegia (paralysis). She also
has a visual impairment, most pronounced in one
eye.
In reviewing JoanTs records for the computer
programming period, her medications were found
to include a potassium supplement given every
day, one cap daily of Diazone and 45 ccTs of Milk of
Magnesia.
Before computer programming began, Joan
was evaluated and found to have adequate fine
motor control to press individual buttons on the
computer in several locations, with some consist-
ency. Her attending behavior was good, and she
appeared to enjoy social contact and verbal
praise.
Subject 2. Jerry is a 22-year-old, moderately men-
tally retarded male with a behavior disorder and
classification of psychopath. He had been incar-
cerated in a number of residential facilities before
being admitted to Murdoch Center in 1983.
Jerry's teachers were particularly interested
in expanding his classroom and leisure skills
activities, due to his generally restless behavior
and tendency to create trouble when not actively
involved in structured situations.
His medications at the time of programming
included a daily dose of Colace, and 75 milligrams
of the anti-psychotic drug, Mellaril.
Jerry was a motivated student and quickly
mastered the rudimentary procedures necessary
to operate the computer. Although there were
instances where he regressed into obaby-talk� or
inappropriate touching behavior, JerryTs overall
behavior was exemplary during class periods,
indicating his desire to continue in the program-
ming.
Setting
Classes were conducted in the Student
Library on campus. The library, located in the
Rehabilitation Services Building, is centrally lo-
cated on the Murdoch Center Campus. The
library is housed in a large room on the main floor
and the computer, monitor and computer pro-
grams are situated at desks in the back right hand
corner.
Procedure
For the computer classes, each student met
for individual work at various times between 8:30
AM and 4:30 PM, Monday through Friday, depend-
ing on their personal schedules. Each class period
lasted for approximately thirty minutes.
Training with each student began with an
identification of the parts of a microcomputer.
Next the student was asked to assist in retrieving
the program, inserting the disk into the disk drive
and turning on the various parts. Depending on
the physical and mental abilities of the student,
the program selected was then adapted to a level
which would make the computer work challeng-
ing but not impossible.
The program selected for training in this proj-
ect was oBuild a Face� (Quinn & Weinstein, 1982).
The choice of the game as the training tool was
based on the following criteria: (1) the game was
suitable for adults; (2) it had simple rules; (3) it
required the use of only a few keys on the com-
puter keyboard; (4) it could be played by persons
with limited motor movements; (5) it was visually
attractive, and (6) it had interesting responsive
reactions.
To begin the training the student was checked
on the program task analysis sequence to find
the step where instruction should begin. The
1985 Fall"167
task analysis for the oBuild a Face� program is
presented in Table 1.
Results
Systematic data was kept on Section C (see
Table 1) of the task analysis for each subject.
Though Sections A, B and D were part of the
instructional sequence during each class session,
TABLE I
Task Analysis for playing the Microcomputer Program,
oBuild a Face�
A. Identifying and Readying the Computer
iL
Pps iSe See Corte
9.
10
B. Loading the Computer Program
it;
12.
13.
14.
C. Playing the oBuild a Face� game
15.
16.
bv
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24,
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
Identifies a disk
Identifies the disk drive
Identifies the monitor
Identifies the computer
Selects the oBuild a Face� program
Removes disk from sleeve
Inserts disk into disk drive and closes door
Turns on disk drive
Turns on computer
Turns on monitor
Wait for the word READY to appear on the monitor
screen and type LOAD o*�, 8 on the keyboard
Press the Return key
Wait for the word READY to appear on the monitor
screen and type RUN on the keyboard
Press the Return key
Press 1
Press return
Press space bar 1 time
Press return
Press space bar 1-8 times
Press return
Press space bar 1 time
Press return
Press space bar 1-8 times
Press return
Press space bar 1 time
Press return
Press space bar 1-8 times
Press return
Press space bar 1 time
Press return
Press space bar 1-8 times
Press return
Press space bar 1 time
Press return
Press space bar 1-8 times
Press return
D. Turning off computer
ON,
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
Turns off monitor
Turns off computer
Turns off disk drive
(to build face)
(to see list of features)
(to select mouth)
(to see mouth choices)
(to select a particular
mouth)
(to see list of features)
(to select eyes)
(to see eye choices)
(to select particular eyes)
(to see list of features)
(to select ears)
(to see ear choices)
(to select particular ears)
(to see list of features)
(to select nose)
(to see noise choices)
(to select particular nose)
(to see list of features)
(to select hair)
(to see hair choices)
(to select particular
hairdo)
(to see created face)
Opens disk drive door and removes disk
Replaces disk in sleeve
Returns disk to shelf
168"North Carolina Libraries
the abilities of students to accomplish these steps
were quite varied. Thus adaptations were neces-
sary, making comparisons among students diffi-
cult.
Data for Section C was analyzed using the
percentage of steps completed independently
during the programming sessions. As can be
noted in Figure 1, JoanTs performance level during
baseline was very low, indicating her lack of prior
exposure to microcomputer application.
After the intervention training, however, she
demonstrated relatively stable gains in skill levels
over the next five sessions. By the sixth session
she was playing at least half of the program inde-
Baseline
Intervention
100
Percentage
y
te
Sessions
Figure 1. Data for Joan across the ten sessions of the
computer training.
Baseline Intervention
100 ¢ so
95 ; pe
90 /
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10] @
-
ie)
Percentage
Sessions
Figure 2. Data for Jerry across the ten sessions of the
computer training.
pendently, which was the rate she maintained for
the remainder of the sessions.
JerryTs data for Section C shows a steady pro-
gression throughout the sessions. As stated pre-
viously, he wanted to learn and worked hard
during each class period to please himself, the
instructor and the unit staff who attended with
him. He also displayed good retention particularly
between sessions 3 and 4, as did Joan, where
scores were greatly improved.
As Jerry's scores improved tremendously
around the eighth session, he was asked to begin
concentrating on the amount of time it was taking
him to finish playing the game. Because he was
able to speed up his work on Section C and make
perfect scores for sessions 9 and 10, he was
allowed to play other games of his choice during
part of those class periods.
Both Joan and Jerry appeared to enjoy their
microcomputer classes, as demonstrated by their
anticipation of the sessions and their reminders
to staff when classtime was approaching. They
also acknowledged when asked, that playing on
the microcomputer was a favored leisure skills
activity.
Conclusions
The purpose of this study was to determine
Jerry works on the oBuild a Face� program.
the extent to which institutionalized, mentally
retarded adults could learn to play a game on a
microcomputer, and whether work on the com-
puter would become reinforcing and a leisure
skills activity the residents would request. Using a
task-analyzed instructional sequence based on a
particular computer program, students were
taught to identify parts of the computer. In addi-
tion, they learned how to turn the computer on
and off, and how to play all or part of a selected
computer game.
Results of this study support previous re-
search findings demonstrating the ability of
severely handicapped and mentally retarded per-
sons to expand their leisure skills opportunities
through the use of systematic behavioral teaching
techniques (Schultz, Vogelsberg, & Rusch, 1980;
Matson & Marchetti, 1980; and Schleien, Muccino,
& Certo, 1984). The study further demonstrated
that work on the microcomputer can be consid-
ered an appropriate leisure skills activity for an
institutionalized population.
The importance of leisure skills opportunities
for residents of state institutions is emphasized.
By substituting positive leisure skills activities
during residentsT free time, negative behaviors
have shown to be reduced (Horner, 1980; Wahler
& Fox, 1980). The increased availability of such
, 4
1985 Fall"169
materials as suitable books, games, microcom-
puters and record players would greatly enhance
the existence of life for those at residential facili-
ties. At Murdoch Center, these and other items
are being offered with assistance at the Student
Library. Further research is needed to identify
other appropriate computer games and sources
of recreation which would lead to an increase in
the desirability and use of libraries at all residen-
tial facilities in North Carolina.
I wish to thank Lillian Gray, Murdoch Center Librarian, for
her invaluable assistance and willingness to help throughout
this project. I also appreciated the constant support of Kerry
McIntosh, and the tutorial guidance of Pete Newman and Bill
Fleeman.
References
Baker, D.B. oApplications of environmental psychology in
programming for severely handicapped persons.� Journal of the
Association for Severely Handicapped Persons 5 (1980)3:234-
239.
Certo, N.J., Schleien, S., & Hunter, D. oAn ecological assessment
inventory to facilitate community recreation participation by
severely disabled individuals.� Therapeutic Recreation Journal
17(1983):29-38.
Horner, R.D. oThe effects of an environmental enrichment
program on the behavior of institutionalized profoundly
retarded children.� Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
13(1980):473-491.
Keating, K. oTalking computers bring non-sighted out of dark
ages.� Closing the Gap (Oct./Nov. 1984):7.
Ingalls, R.P. Mental retardation: The changing outlook. New
York: John Wiley & Sons, 1978.
Matson, J., & Marchetti, A. oA comparison of leisure skills
training procedures for the mentally retarded.� Applied
Research in Mental Retardation 1(1980):113-122.
Poling, A. Picker, A., & Scott, W. oPsychopharmacological
research with the mentally retarded: A methodological analysis
of thirty-nine studies from 1970-1982.� In Advances in the
treatment of self-injurious behavior, edited by J.C. Griffin et al.,
1983, 89-122.
Quinn, C., & Winstein, M. Build a Face. Spinnaker Software
Corporation, Cambridge, MA., 1982.
Schleien, S.J., Muccino, A., & Certo, N.J. oAcquisition of leisure
skills by a severely handicapped adolescent: A data based
instructional program.� Education and Training of the Mentally
Retarded (Dec. 1982):297-305.
Schultz, R., Vogelsberg, R., & Rusch, F. oA behavioral approach to
community integration of mentally retarded persons.� In
Community integration of developmentally disabled indi-
viduals, edited by A. Novak and L. Heal, Baltimore: Paul H.
Brookes, 1978, 107-119,
Wahler, R.G., & Fox, J.J. oSolitary toy play and time out: A family
treatment package for children with aggressive and oppositional
behavior.� Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 13(1980)23-
29.
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1985 Fall"171
Supervision of the Libraries
in a School System
Arabelle Fedora
It is ironic that I was asked to speak about
things I wish I had known as a new supervisor. In
1980, for a course assignment, I wrote a proposal
for research on the most important tasks for the
new supervisor to perform the first year. Unfor-
tunately, I never conducted that research as it
was proposed. At the time I wrote the proposal, I
had completed my third year as a supervisor but
had not forgotten the feeling of being over-
whelmed that first year.
After agreeing to do this talk, I began to
scribble little notes as I remembered incidents
and impressions from my first year. I sorted these
thoughts into two groups, 1) ounexpectations� of
the job, or, things I did not anticipate, and
2) coping strategies.
Before I begin, let me issue my disclaimers. I
must say that I have yet to learn much about
being effective in this job. One of the pleasures of
the position is that there are endless opportu-
nities for professional growth. Furthermore, I
have only worked in large school districts, so my
remarks may not be pertinent to smaller ones.
Finally, I donTt always practice what I preach"
some suggestions are easier said than done!
Unexpectations
Different Set of Rewards
The rewards of being a district-level library
supervisor are different from those of being a
school librarian. Every day as an elementary
school librarian 1 relished lots of rewarding
moments helping students. Children are wonder-
ful boosters because they are so open and
expressive about their feelings. The owarm fuzzy�
moments as a supervisor are present"getting a
budget increase, helping a librarian solve a
problem, thwarting a censorship effort, seeing the
construction of a new library"but these rewards
are less obvious at first and may be slower in
coming.
Arabelle Fedora, Coordinator of Media Services, Winston-
Salem/Forsyth County Schools, made this presentation at the
supervisory workshop sponsored by the Round Table on the
Status of Women in Librarianship in May 1985.
172"North Carolina Libraries
Overwhelming Number of Responsibilities
Most school librarians are oIt.� They run one-
person shows of acquisitions, technical services,
reference, bibliographic instruction, AV, not to
mention hospitality manager and back-up cus-
todian. Similarly, the supervisor is bombarded
with hundreds of tasks and must sort out which
are the most important to do first. I found it more
difficult than expected to keep the substantive
program planning and development ahead of
paper shuffling and telephone ringing.
AdministratorsT Knowledge of Libraries
Prepare to encounter incredible ignorance of
libraries! I expected to have to explain library
services to community groups, including school
board members, but I did not anticipate that the
level of awareness would be quite so low among
some of my central office coworkers. You know
the remarks"oITve always thought it would be
nice to be a librarian and do nothing but work
with books all day.� At the district level you get
these:
From a teacher"oIt must be nice not to have
to deal with students all day.� (Little does
this person know what it can be like to
work with adults all day, some days.)
From a principal"~SheTs a great librarian; we
only lost five books last year.�
From an assistant superintendent"~oIf we
had centralized processing, we wouldn't
need any clerical help in the libraries.�
MurphyTs Law
On any given day it is safe to expect MurphyTs
Law to take over. Have in mind what you want to
accomplish each day, but donTt be surprised if a
string of events comes up out of the blue to alter
your plans. I learned to be wary whenever I
thought I might be able to clear my desk. The next
phone call would be from a librarian distraught
over a censorship problem or from the boss
requesting a major report in an hour, or both!
I quickly learned to expect something to go
wrong every time I conducted a workshop.
Examples are snow, equipment failure, and lost
handouts.
I now know to expect a surprise resignation
during the first week of school when all the great
people I interviewed have signed contracts else-
where.
ae
Prepare to encounter incred-
ible ignorance of libraries.
a
Politics
Political gamesmanship is more of a sport to
some people in a school district than it is a
contructive method of achieving progress for an
educational program. I did not expect the
number of administrators whose style was So
manipulative and covert. Most, however, are truly
dedicated to the education of children. Learning
to recognize each is difficult for the new super-
visor, because appearances are not always what
they seem to be.
Quality of Library Programs
The first year was a shock to my professional
idealism and naiveté. I never dreamed that the
few weak library programs would be quite as
inadequate as they were. The burden of disap-
pointment in some of my coworkers was consid-
erable, at times. I felt as if I was knocking myself
out trying to be an advocate for libraries for the
sake of some people who were not in the least bit
dedicated to librarianship. Even though these
librarians were certainly the minority, some days
I believed my energy was being drained trying to
improve a few programs, leaving little time for
those people who would appreciate and benefit
more from my efforts. Migraines are common!
On the Positive Side...
Having listed some of the challenges of the job
which I did not expect to find, let me hasten to
emphasize that the thrills of being 4 supervisor
are significant. I have the pleasure of association
with many top-notch librarians. I also work with
numerous supportive administrators who are
catalysts for my efforts. It is a wonderful feeling to
know that my work can potentially benefit all of
the students in an entire school system and can
improve the quality of worklife for all of the
librarians.
Coping Strategies
Different Set of Rewards
Progress itself becomes rewarding even if a
final goal has not yet been met. Learn to
appreciate small steps as victories. Be delighted,
for example, when a person who has been
defensive and resistant to suggestions calls and
asks for your help.
Setting goals for each year (and for each day,
week, month) provides a mechanism for reward-
ing work. Accomplishing a goal is very self-
satisfying.
It will not be long before you can look back on
your job and see progress. The warm relation-
ships you will build with many people also become
rewarding in themselves.
Overwhelming Number of Responsibilities
Since so many of my thoughts fit into this
category, I shall simply list them. I learned many
of these strategies from Gertrude Coward, who
was the director of libraries in Charlotte-Mecklen-
burg for thirty years. Working in her office for
three years served as a valuable apprenticeship.
1. Get to know the people your first year.
Concentrate not only on names and faces, but
learn something personal about each. Look for
everyone's strengths. oPeople� means everybody"
librarians, library clerks and volunteers, princi-
pals, teachers, school secretaries, other adminis-
trators, all other central office employees, etc.
The first week on the job is not too soon to
introduce yourself to other central office person-
nel, such as personnel directors, purchasing
agent, building and maintenance directors, as
well as the obvious curriculum supervisors. Stop
by their offices to say hello. You may wish to ask
for an appointment for a longer visit to express
your philosophy and interest in working together.
Getting started on a friendly basis can make life
easier when differences of opinion arise later over
specific issues.
ae
I quickly learned to expect
something to go wrong every
time I conducted a workshop.
ae
Be visible in the schools. When people find
you familiar they are more inclined to call.
At the beginning of the school year, spend
lots of time with new librarians, both onew� as
librarians and onew� to the system. Helping them
get started on the right foot will pay off many
times over.
2. GertrudeTs advice on establishing credibil-
ity was to get the things people want first.
Fortunately, there is a honeymoon period for a
new supervisor, during which reasonable requests
are fulfilled. Other administrators expect you to
1985 Fall"173
make changes and hate to say ono� to the new
person. The first year I was able to get an increase
in the budget that the elementary principals and
librarians had requested for years. From then on I
had their cooperation on more significant pro-
gram changes.
3. Tend to glaring problems right away, but
donTt be afraid to take the first year to get the lay
of the land and to evaluate. Building relationships
with people will pave the way for changes you will
want to make later.
4. Ask the librarians what they think are the
needs. During the first meeting I asked small
groups of librarians to identify issues (especially
policies) in need of attention and staff develop-
ment needs. The lists generated kept me busy for
quite some time!
5. Listen to the librarians when they offer
advice. This is a simplistic statement, but one ITve
thought much about, because I have learned
plenty about supervision from the people I
supervise. I believe people want the new boss to
be effective, having had several new bosses myself.
I want him or her to be successful, respected, and
influential, because that effectiveness will bring
good things eventually to libraries. So when I see
weaknesses in my bossTs performance, I wish I
could candidly suggest changes. Thus, it stands to
reason that the people I supervise would like to
advise me from time to time. The challenge is
twofold"to make people feel comfortable and
free to express themselves, and to take any
criticism as well-intended and constructive.
6. Keeping people informed from the very
beginning of your tenure eliminates much waste-
ful worrying and misunderstanding. Rumors
abound in school systems about decisions which
are pending. There are those who try to keep
secrets and a shroud of mystery around discus-
sions (which leak out eventually anyway) in a
feeble attempt to exercise control and power. The
result is generally a lack of support. If a matter
must be kept a secret from the librarians, explain
why. In time they will learn that you can be
trusted to keep them posted.
7. When in doubt about how to handle a
personnel issue, perhaps the toughest for a new
supervisor, the Golden Rule applies. Think, oHow
would I feel if... ?�
8. Work hard on time management princi-
ples. A good secretary is wonderful and can often
identify time-savers for you. Whenever possible,
go straight to a school in the morning rather than
to the office, where you may get stuck for the rest
of the day. Delegate whatever you can.
9. When facing a tough decision, consult all
174"North Carolina Libraries
of the appropriate people, including your peers in
other school systems. Always ask whatTs best for
the education of students. Holding all deliber-
ations up to that standard has helped me many
times to make a decision and to stand by that
decision.
AdministratorsT Knowledge of Libraries
Confronting ignorance of libraries is a con-
stant marketing job. The offensive is better than
defensive. Take your boss to visit good programs.
Point out what you want him or her to see, or he
or she may miss what is obvious to you. Try to
view this part of your job as a challenge with big
payoff potential, not as a chore. Give benefit of the
doubt, assuming that the administrators are
interested in having strong programs but are
simply unaware of the key ingredients.
Use students, teachers, and parents as
advocates for you, e.g. speaking to the school
Keeping people informed from
the very beginning of your ten-
ure eliminates much wasteful
worrying and misunderstand-
ing.
board about how important libraries are to them.
Get to know the systemTs PTA Council.
Think of the parallels to the public relations
that must be carried out by the building-level
librarians. They must volunteer their services,
speak up, reach out to users. The same is true for
the supervisor. For example, offer to assist other
supervisors with curriculum revision projects.
Keep your eyes open at all times for facts and
figures to help make your points. Collect them as
an ongoing task, so that you will not have to
scramble or get caught without when you need
them on short notice. Comparison to other dis-
tricts can be effective.
MurphyTs Law
It really is important to plan ahead to
minimize the chance of things going wrong. For
example, print any handouts you will need for a
meeting as far ahead as you can.
Trying to anticipate changes that are likely to
occur in a school system will enable you to begin
planning. By keeping my ear to the ground, so to
speak, I can buy precious lead time to get my
thoughts together before I am asked to do so by
my boss.
Politics
Being aware of the politics in a school system
is critical for survival. The danger, I think, is in
getting so caught up in politicking that you forget
how to deal with people in an honest, straight-
forward manner.
It is also important to try to stay neutral if you
find yourself in an environment of cliques. A
woman who was about to retire after many years
in our system warned me not to ohitch my wagon�
to a particular ostar,� because she predicted that
he was going to ofall.� She was right.
The school system grapevine is more like
kudzu. Much inaccurate information circulates. If
you hear arumor that disturbs you because of its
potential impact on libraries, go as high as
necessary for verification. DonTt lose time stewing
about what you heard; check the rumor out. Also
be careful what you say to whom. Confidences are
violated more than you realize.
Quality of Media Programs
When you feel depressed, treat yourself to an
R&R visit. Go to one of your best schools, help
some students with whatever activity is taking
place, and enjoy watching a wonderful librarian
at work.
Tell yourself that tomorrow will come, that
the particular task at hand will get done, and
that someday you'll look back and marvel that
you got past this particular hump.
Above all...
Keep your sense of humor! Much of what
occurs in the supervisorTs job is funny, if you can
stand back and view the situation a bit objectively.
If the right to express your ideas is important to you...
then you can help fight suppression of free expression.
Freedom to Read Foundation
The battle is an important one. Today
reports of attempts to censor books
and information are at record highs.
Any book, magazine, photograph
or other material can be the target
of would-be censors from the left,
right or center.
Your membership in the Freedom
to Read Foundation can make a
difference in protecting the free flow
of information and ideas"the basic
principles of the First Amendment.
The Foundation is a 14-year-old
organization of librarians, lawyers,
educators, booksellers, authors,
publishers and other concerned citi-
zens who have joined together to
safeguard the tradition of-free expres-
sion in America. The Foundation
provides legal and financial support
to those at the frontline of censorship
Challenges.
Your membership in the
Freedom to Read Foundation will:
* help support librarians across the
nation who are beleaguered by
raids on our libraries
* expand the freedom to read by
offering legal and financial help
in cases involving authors, pub-
lishers and booksellers
* entitle you to the Freedom to Read
Foundation News, a quarterly
newsletter on censorship trends,
current court cases, legislative
developments, and reports
of successes in bouts with censors.
Books and ideas aren't dangerous .. .
but information restraints on a free
people are. Protect the future of
the First Amendment. Join the
Freedom to Read Foundation.
Yes, | want to become active in the
Freedom to Read Foundation.
My membership check for $
is enclosed. This tax-deductible
contribution entitles me to vote for
Foundation trustees and to receive
the quarterly Freedom to Read
Foundation News.
$10 student O $100 sponsor
0 $25 regular $500 patron
00 $50 contributing 0 $1000 benefactor
Name
Address
City State Zip
Please make checks payable to
Freedom to Read Foundation and
mail to Freedom to Read Foundation,
50 E. Huron St., Chicago, IL 60611.
1985 Fall" 175
A Twenty-Five-Year-Old Dream
Becomes Reality
Nancy F. Bates
The Lexington Public Library, founded in
1928 as part of the Davidson County Public
Library System, had never been in a building
designed and constructed for library service until
June, 1985. Prior to that time, the facility had
been housed in four different locations ranging
from asmall store to a former post office building.
As far back as 1962, efforts had been made to
secure a new building but each time some other
need"a new school, hospital, YMCA"superceded
that of the library. When I arrived in 1974, the
Lexington facility had been located in the old post-
al building for only four years but already space
was at such a premium that my office was moved
to the nearby Chamber of Commerce building. In
1974, a concentrated effort was begun to focus
county commissionersT attention on the problem
Nancy F. Bates is Director of the Davidson County Public
Library.
by emphasizing the need at each budget presenta-
tion. As a result of this action and a 1976 county
space assessment, the library was placed fifth on
a list of county building priorities. The more in-
depth 1979 community analysis, prepared by the
library staff as a requirement for receipt of state
aid, was also presented to the Board of County
Commissioners and generated considerable pub-
licity for the library's space needs.
By 1981, the Library Board of Trustees had
taken the initiative by commissioning Hoyt Galvin
of Charlotte to do an analysis of the Lexington
Library building. This report revealed the imme-
diate space requirements to be three times that
presently available in the old postal building. The
Galvin report was presented to the county com-
missioners in April, 1981, and received favorable
but cautious response. A commissioner was
appointed to work with the library board on seek-
ing potential sites for a new building; however, the
The new Davidson County Public Library is a renovated grocery store.
176"North Carolina Libraries
trustees were advised that such a project would
have to be a community effort not one funded
solely with tax dollars. Further credibility was
extended to the project that year when both the
city and county governments appropriated
$65,000 toward purchase of a site.
The search for sites continued until late 1982
when three-quarters of a city block of downtown
property became available for the very reasonable
price of $375,000. The site included two buildings,
one containing 20,000 square feet, the other
14,000. After consultations with Mr. Galvin and
architects, the decision was made to renovate the
20,000 square foot structure and retain the
smaller building as an income generating prop-
erty until it would be needed for future expan-
sion. Architects were hired and schematic draw-
ings and design work were developed to give the
public an idea of the buildingTs potential.
Prospects for immediate action on renova-
tion were enhanced with the receipt of a $200,000
state grant in July, 1983. Thereafter, events
unfolded rapidly. A feasibility study was commis-
sioned to determine the publicTs support for the
library building program and the very positive
results enabled the board of trustees to hire a
consultant to manage a $600,000 building fund
campaign. The campaignTs organizational phase
began in September and by May, 1984, pledges in
excess of $636,000 had been received.
A 25-year-old dream became a reality on
June 30, 1985, with the formal opening of the Lex-
ington Library. Over 500 people attended the
ceremony which was highlighted by the ~dedica-
tory address delivered by Dr. William C. Friday,
President of the University of North Carolina.
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1985 Fall" 177
In Pursuit of State Aid
Nancy F. Bates
Lobbying for state aid has never been, to
paraphrase Euclid, a royal road. In truth, history
shows the way to be rocky, steep, and filled with
potholes, detours, and dead ends. It took twelve
years to sell the idea of state aid to the General
Assembly and in the intervening forty-four years,
increases have often been small and sporadic. For
example, from 1941 to 1983, it was feast or fam-
ine with biennial increased fluctuating from $665
in 1959-61 to $1,316,353 in 1973-75.1
This hit and miss approach to funding prob-
ably can be attributed largely to the lack of an
organized, grassroots lobby to speak out for a bet-
ter level of support and, to the fact, according to a
study by Oliver Garceau, that olibrarians were not
facing the realism of the political structure of
which they, inevitably, were a part.� He also found
that oby and large, librarians did not consider
themselves as employees of government or as
members of a public bureaucracy. Public adminis-
tration was"and is"a political process, and
librarians needed to understand and appreciate
clearly the political world of the public library.�
Political Astuteness Grows
Fortunately, in the last six or eight years pub-
lic librarians have become more politically astute
realizing that elected officials, whether local or
state, listen to the people who put them in office.
We have begun to look at the large block of voters
who patronize our libraries and ask these citizens
for assistance in petitioning county commission-
ers and legislators. The past four years have
proven that public libraries are not without
friends. In some cases it has been simply a matter
of making supporters aware of the libraryTs needs
and problems.
Librarians have also become more cognizant
of the old adage, othere is strength in numbers.� In
1979 the North Carolina Public Library Directors
Association was formed having as one of its aims
the improvement of communications with local
and state governmental officials. Along with the
Nancy F. Bates is Director of the Davidson County Public
Library.
178"North Carolina Libraries
Governmental Relations Committee of the Public
Library Section of NCLA, the association has been
a catalyst in setting and carrying out legislative
goals. In 1980 concerned citizens and librarians
joined together in organizing the Friends of North
Carolina Public Libraries. One of this groupTs
objectives was to foster closer relations between
libraries and the stateTs citizenry thus increasing
the publicTs awareness of library services.
To say that the efforts of these groups were
successful from the beginning would be mislead-
ing, to say the least. For the first two years, there
remained considerable lack of unity and purpose
as different segments pursued their own agenda
with individual legislators. This lack of organiza-
tion created dissension and turmoil prompting
some legislators to advise, olibrarians get your act
together.�
Groups Join Forces
Taking this message to heart, the groups
joined forces with the common goal of securing a
six million dollar increase in state aid for the
1983-85 biennium. The strategy consisted of per-
sonal contacts with key legislators and intense
phone and letter campaigns by directors, library
staff, trustees, friends, and patrons.
With limited financial resources available for
lobbying, the Governmental Relations Committees
of PLS and PLDA were forced to rely on their
ingenuity to capture the attention of the General
Assembly. The decision was made to provide each
legislator with a brief informational brochure as
well as a small, inexpensive but very clever favor.
In 1982, the theme was carried out with a pocket
of peanuts using the caption oPublic libraries
operate for peanuts. HereTs a pocketful for you!�
At General Assembly Library Day in March, 1983,
each legislator was given a yellow rose and ribbon
which said, oPin a rose on you for supporting pub-
lic libraries.� In July when the six million dollars
was appropriated for the biennium, small baskets
of peaches were presented to key legislators who
had made possible the passage of the measure.
The tag line read, oYou're a real peach! Thanks for
supporting public libraries.�
Flushed with the success of the previous
biennium and realizing we were on to a good
thing, the lobbying effort gathered new strength.
Committee members racked their brains for an
innovative, showstopping way to thank members
of the General Assembly for the 1983-85 appro-
priation and for strategy to secure another six
million dollars for the 1985-87 biennium. Seizing
upon a patriotic topic, library directors visited the
General Assembly on February 19, 1985, giving
every legislator an informational brochure along
with a small apple pie topped with a miniature
American flag and the slogan oPublic libraries are
as American as apple pie. Thanks for giving us our
slice!�
A month or so later, Senator Harold Hardison
and Representative Billy Watkins introduced twin
bills for the sum of $3,000,000 for FY 1985-86 and
$3,150,000 for FY 1986-87 to increase state aid to
public libraries. Twenty senators and twenty-
eight representatives signed the measures ina
show of bipartisan support. John Jones, Nancy
Massey, and Arial Stephens are to be commended
for their persuasive efforts with Senator Hardison
and Representative Watkins respectively. On July
18, 1985, Senate Bill 182 was ratified by the
General Assembly. Contained in this appropria-
tion measure for the 1985-87 biennium was $6
million dollars for state aid to public libraries.
Benefits
Perhaps the greatest benefit to be derived
from the lobbying effort, in addition to the
increased funding, has been establishing visibility,
rapport, and credibility with the General Assem-
bly. Legislators now know what services libraries
perform, how many citizens use libraries, and how
libraries contribute to their communities. They
are very much aware that state aid reaches every
county and has the potential of touching the lives
of every citizen in North Carolina.
Librarians also have gained much from this
experience as, we hope, we have lost some of our
political naivete. Alice Ihrig has said, oPerhaps the
job description for any librarian should read, in
part ... ~has knowledge of the political process,
and is willing and eager to be involved as an indi-
vidual in making the process work for the good of
the people served by this library.�
Many people deserve credit for the twelve
million dollar (125%) increase in state aid over
the past four years. As Chairman of the PLS
Governmental Relations Committee and Presi-
dent of NCPLDA, I want to express my sincerest
appreciation to librarians, trustees, friends, and
users for their time and effort. Without the con-
tinuous flow of letters and phone calls, the endeav-
or would not have succeeded. There are those,
however, as there are in any venture, who went
above and beyond the call of duty. These individ-
uals are best described in the words of James
Bryant Conant: oEach honest calling, each walk of
life, has its own elite, its own aristocracy based on
excellence of performance.�
Special Thanks
In alphabetical order, our aristocracy in-
cludes Members of the General Assembly: Former
Representative Allen Adams, Representative
Bobby Etheridge, Representative Joe Mavretic,
Senator Harold Hardison, Senator Aaron Plyler,
Senator Tony Rand, and Representative Billy
Watkins; Trustees: Jake Killian and Perry White.
Librarians: Louise Boone, Bill Bridgman, Martha
Davis, Mary Jo Godwin, Henry Hall, Barbara John-
son, John Jones, Nancy Massey, Wayne Modlin,
Doug Perry, Margaret Randall, Arial Stephens,
Judith Sutton, and Jerry Thrasher. A special note
of thanks to David McKay and the State Library
staff for their support and hard work especially
on General Assembly Library Day.
References
1. Thornton W. Mitchell, The State Library and Library Devel-
opment in North Carolina (Raleigh: North Carolina Department
of Cultural Resources, Division of State Library, 1983):141-142.
2. Oliver Garceau, A Report of the Public Library Inquiry: The
Public Library in the Political Process (New York: Columbia
University Press, 1949):111, 238-239.
3. Alice Ihrig, oLibrarians and the political process,� in As Much
to Learn as to Teach, edited by Joel M. Lee and Beth A. Hamilton
(Linnet Books, 1979):93.
4, John Bartlett, Familiar Quotations (Boston: Little, Brown
and Company, 1968):1026.
Copies of articles from
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1985 Fall"179
New North Carolina Books
Alice R. Cotten, Compiler
Fred Chappell. I Am One of You Forever. Baton
Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1985. 184
pp. $14.95. ISBN 0-8071-1216-X.
I Am One of You Forever, Fred ChappellTs fifth
novel and his first since 1973, is testimony to the
immense talent of this native North Carolina wri-
ter.
Set in the hill country of western North Caro-
lina during the years just before the outbreak of
World War II, and covering about a two-year
period, the story is narrated by young Jess, an
amiable ten-year-old boy. Jess lives with his
mother, father, grandmother, foster brother, and,
occasionally, an assortment of unusual relatives
whose memorable eccentricities leave an indelible
impression on the boyTs mind. It is a novel about
growing up and coming of age in a less compli-
cated era, told with insight and understanding.
Born in Canton in 1936, Fred Chappell grew
up in Haywood County. He graduated from Duke
University in 1961 and remained at Duke until
1964, when he joined the English faculty at the
University of North Carolina at Greensboro. He
has been a full professor there since 1971. Chap-
pell has long been recognized as one of the pre-
eminent authors of this region. His literary yield is
marked by consistently high quality. Published
works to his credit include several volumes of
poetry, a collection of short stories, and five nov-
els. This year he and John Ashberry were co-recip-
ients of the prestigious Bollingen Prize in Poetry.
Though ChappellTs fiction contains a distinctive
North Carolina flavor, with identifiable settings,
thematically it is universal in scope.
I Am One of You Forever brings to the fore the
authorTs cumulative gifts as skilled poet and story-
teller. Written in the rich vernacular dialect of the
mountains and interspersed with descriptive nar-
rative of great lyrical beauty, the novel brings
together individual vignettes richly crafted and
often infused with humor. We meet Uncle Luden,
who at age sixteen left the family farm to seek his
fortune in California; his visit home upsets almost
the entire community. His debonair approach
toward romance leads him into trouble with the
180"North Carolina Libraries
husbands and boyfriends of the women he calls
upon. This flair for the ladies later causes him to
become the object of a cruel practical joke played
by JessTs father and Johnson Gibbs, his foster
brother.
Other relatives that follow Uncle Luden on
visits include mysterious Uncle Gurton with his
long, flowing beard tucked inside his overalls, who
disappears and reappears without notice. Seer-
like Uncle Zeno, the storyteller of the family, lives,
according to Jess, oin a different but contiguous
sphere that touched our world only by means of a
sort of metaphysical courtesy.� Uncle Runkin car-
ries about with him his bed, a hand-carved coffin
already twenty-five years in production, in his
search for an appropriate epigram to engrave on
the unfinished lid. Aunt Sam, the well-known
country singer, bawdy in speech, is, nevertheless,
a woman of honesty and strong character who
returns to recapture the essence of family she lost
to tragedy, and to repair the broken friendship
between herself and JessTs grandmother.
Though Chappell imbues each of the above
character sketches with humor, sometimes bor-
dering on the hilarious, he is quite capable of
evoking moments of poignancy, such as in relating
the death of Johnson Gibbs, the orphan, whose
life has enriched JessTs otherwise lonely existence
on the farm. Early in the novel we learn that
Johnson has enlisted in the army, where he is
ultimately to meet his death. A telegram reaches
the family informing them that Johnson Gibbs
died in a training accident at Fort Bragg before he
could make good his intention of killing Hitler.
The telegram repulses the family to the extent
that no one will touch it, so death-like has it
become. It next becomes the object of ritual that
the family must confront in order to be released
from its stranglehold. As Jess describes in his
encounter and subsequent emergence: oI donTt
know how long I sat looking ... At last the tele-
gram began to change shape ... I watched it go
away and my heart lightened then and I was able
to rise, shaken and confused, and walk from the
room without shame, not looking back, finding my
way confidently in the dark.�
JessTs willingness to face the reality and
harshness of death enables him to continue par-
ticipating in the lives of those who touch his
existence; one example is his vision, at the con-
clusion of the novel, of being with Johnson Gibbs
again. For Jess will be one of them forever.
This novel is highly recommended for all
adult fiction collections. Many young adults
should also find this readable.
Jim Chapman, Public Library of Charlotte and Mecklenburg
County
Mary Jane McCrary. Transylvania Beginnings: A
History. Brevard: Transylvania County Historic
Properties Commission, 1984. 321 pp. $27.50 plus
$1.95 shipping and handling (Order from South-
ern Historical Press, PO Box 738, Easley, SC
29641-0738.) ISBN 0-89308-415-8.
Mary Jane McCrary has inspired an attrac-
tively printed, well-bound book that will interest
genealogists and local historians in western North
Carolina. A fifth-generation native of Transylva-
nia County, Mrs. McCrary strove to ohonor the
families of the pioneers and to give grateful
recognition to the institutions they have be-
queathed to us"the churches, the schools, and
government by the people.� She and other contrib-
utors accomplished that goal.
The Transylvania County Historic Properties
Commission chose to divide Transylvania Be-
ginnings into four parts that focus on the period
prior to 1865. Part I, Mrs. McCraryTs overview,
titled oTransylvania Beginnings,� includes thirteen
short chapters. Utilizing secondary references
and a sprinkling of primary sources, including
court minutes and published papers, the author
weaves a folksy (and occasionally unobjective)
account of Transylvania County's physical char-
acteristics, Indians and the period of white set-
tlement, the division of counties and the creation
of Transylvania County in 1861 from Henderson
County, frontier commerce and industry, schools
and education, the development of postal service,
churches and preachers, roads and bridges, and
the countyTs role in the Civil War. In many cases
Mrs. McCrary places these topics in a broader his-
torical context. Western Carolina University Pro-
fessor of History Gordon B. McKinney verified the
accuracy of many statements and provided many
of the footnotes for Mrs. McCraryTs essay, but was
unable to document all of it. Readers will appre-
ciate the 3'4-page bibliography that follows the
end notes of Part I.
New North Carolina Books
A sixteen-page section of photographs of his-
toric buildings, tombstones, and notable resi-
dents, printed on slick paper for greater clarity, is
followed by Part II of the book. This portion
includes a well-documented discussion of the
oWalton War� during the early nineteenth century.
Robert Scott Davis Jr. intersperses his narrative
with transcribed documents to explain the con-
flict that arose over disputed land along the
borders of North Carolina and Georgia. Also of
interest in Part II are a list of Transylvania
County cemeteries, abstracts of marriage bonds
(1861-1868), and a list of county officials (1861-
1867).
Nathaniel B. HallTs contribution, Part III of
the book, traces the history of blacks. Covering
the century after 1861, Hall uses primary and
secondary sources to discuss slavesT transition to
freedom, religion, socio-economic aspects of black
life, service of blacks in various wars, and politics.
The compilers devote the final portion of the
book to family history. This 113-page group of
genealogies, essays, and document transcriptions
should be of interest to genealogists. Unfortu-
nately, these contributions lack sources.
Transylvania Beginnings, which includes an
index of names, resembles in format the series of
county heritage books published by Hunter Pub-
lishing Company of Winston-Salem. Its pleasing
physical characteristics and impressive content,
however, set Mrs. McCraryTs book above similar
county histories. It deserves a place in academic
and public libraries in western North Carolina,
high school libraries in the immediate area, and
other institutions that collect material pertaining
to western North Carolina.
Maurice C. York, Edgecombe County Memorial Library
Nannie M. Tilley. The R. J. Reynolds Tobacco
Company. Chapel Hill: University of North Caro-
lina Press, 1985. 706 pp. $35.00. ISBN 0-8078-
1642-6.
In 1958 the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
commissioned Nannie May Tilley to prepare a
company history. Tilley, whose previous work on
the bright leaf tobacco industry had become a
standard, enjoyed an ideal relationship with Reyn-
olds. She had access to company records and per-
sonnel, a salary that allowed her to devote full
time to her work, and freedom from control and
censorship. The result is a detailed account of the
origins and growth of R. J. Reynolds Tobacco from
1985 Fall"181
New North Carolina Books
its creation in 1875 to its absorption by R. J. Reyn-
olds Industries in the early 1960s.
Tilley devotes substantial attention to the
role of the companyTs founder, Richard Joshua
Reynolds, arguing persuasively that Reynolds was
crucial to the early development of the business.
He combined a talent for marketing and sales
with a family background in the growing and proc-
essing of tobacco when he formed R. J. Reynolds
Tobacco Company in Winston-Salem, North Caro-
lina. He oversaw the early growth of the company
and, more importantly, guided the concern into
an arrangement with James B. Duke and his great
monopoly, the American Tobacco Company. Reyn-
olds became Duke's lieutenant for the organiza-
tion of the bright leaf plug division of the tobacco
industry, buying out numerous smaller com-
panies in the process and emerging from the
break-up of DukeTs monopoly in 1912 as one of the
four great tobacco manufacturers in the United
States.
Tilley clearly sympathizes with R. J. Reynolds
and his successors at Reynolds Tobacco, but she
deals evenhandedly both with the companyTs suc-
cesses"the introduction of Prince Albert smok-
ing tobacco, the creation of Camel cigarettes and
later Winston cigarettes, and the companyTs sense
of community responsibility"and also with its
failures and darker side"union-busting activities
in the 1920s and 1930s, the failure of Cavalier
cigarettes in the early 1950s, and the conviction of
Reynolds executives for violation of anti-trust
laws in 1941.
The history of the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco
Company reads better at the beginning, where the
authorTs historical perspective is clear and she
confidently sets out an organizational theme,
than at the end, where historical perspective
inevitably clouds and her writing tends to become
a chronology of people and events. It also appears
that the author understands the R. J. Reynolds
Company much better before its involvement with
DukeTs tobacco trust than after. DukeTs monopoly
was dissolved by court order in 1911, but Reyn-
olds and the other successors to the trust formed
an odd industrial group. In part they behaved as
if they were an oligopoly, in part as if they were
fiercely competing adversaries. Tilley is certainly
not alone in being unsure of exactly the sort of
creature with which she deals. The long delay
between the completion of TilleyTs manuscript in
1964 and its publication in 1985 means that ques-
tions of great interest to many readers are dealt
with in passing if at all. There is almost no discus-
sion of the controversy over smoking and health
which has dramatically affected the cigarette
182"North Carolina Libraries
industry in the last twenty years, and there is
nothing on the movement away from tobacco by
Reynolds and other manufacturers in the last
decade. TilleyTs style is, as always, clear, clean, and
to the point. She has, however, the historianTs love
of detail and shares the historianTs uncertainty as
to where essential detail ends and historical trivia
begins.
Overall, Nannie Tilley has produced a thor-
ough, balanced, and lucid history of the R. J. Rey-
nolds Tobacco Company, which will serve as an
important account of industrialization in the New
South and as a model for business history.
Harry McKown, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Robert Martin Fales, M.D. Wilmington Yester-
year. Edited by Diane C. Cashman. Wilmington:
Lower Cape Fear Historical Society, Inc., 1984.
158 pp. (P.O. Box 813, Wilmington 28402).
It is amazing that a city the size of Wilming-
ton could be the subject of four pictorial volumes
within the last four years. Wilmington Yesteryear
by Dr. Robert Fales is the most recently published
Wilmington history.
An effective pictorial history must be well-de-
signed, with crisp unique visuals. Captions should
be clearly written and concise. If a book is
attempting to be a city history, text should place
the city within an urban history framework. Wil-
mington Yesteryear fails to meet these criteria.
The most disturbing problem of the volume is
uneven picture quality. Some excellent previously
unpublished photographs appear alongside fuzzy
visuals. The author acknowledges that many vis-
uals for the volume were made from his slide col-
lection. This is generally unacceptable practice for
production of quality historical photographs.
Also, in a few cases duplication of previously pub-
lished illustrations might have been avoided.
The design and layout of the book frustrated
the reviewer. Text is followed by photographs
rather than placing photographs with the appro-
priate text. Photo captions often repeat large
quantities of the text, rather than enhancing the
narrative.
Dr. Fales, a physician, notes in his preface
that he is neither a scholar nor a writer. The text
is a personal memoir about life in Wilmington dur-
ing the twentieth century. The author has cap-
tured the life of a bustling seaport and vividly
describes growing up in a commercial fishing fam-
ily. His reminiscences of recreational, commercial,
and educational activities of early Wilmington are
recorded with clarity and a sense of humor. The
narrative sometimes lacks continuity, however,
and transitions are often missing.
Libraries with limited funds might want to
consider more general pictorial histories such as
Cape Fear Adventure by Diane Cobb Cashman,
published in 1982, or A Pictorial History of Wil-
mington by Anne Russell, published in 1981. For
those interested in architecture, Tony P. WrennTs
Wilmington North Carolina: An Architectural
and Historical Portrait should be given careful
consideration. WrennTs 1984 publication is an
excellent detailed architectural inventory of his-
toric buildings accompanied by beautiful illustra-
tions.
Morgan J. Barclay, East Carolina University
Michael T. Southern, ed. Historic Montford,
Asheville, North Carolina. Asheville: Graves
Printing Company, 1985. 64 pp. $10.20 (includes
postage). Order from The Preservation Society of
Asheville & Buncombe County, Inc., P.O. Box
2806, Asheville, N.C. 28802.
This slim paperback volume, elegantly de-
signed and lavishly illustrated, briefly tells the his-
tory of the Asheville neighborhood of Montford.
Laid out in 1889, incorporated in 1893, and
annexed by Asheville in 1905, Montford devel-
oped into a large neighborhood of handsome Vic-
torian and Colonial Revival residences largely
occupied by AshevilleTs middle-class profession-
als, including lawyer Locke Craig, who was elected
governor in 1912. His house still stands.
The text, based on the Montford Historic Dis-
trict Nomination to the National Register of His-
toric Places, includes a brief history of Montford
as well as a short architectural essay. The cap-
tions to the excellent black-and-white photo-
graphs give equal treatment to both the archi-
tectural characteristics of the houses and to their
history of occupants. The text and photographs
combine successfully to describe Montford as a
community in terms of families and personalities
as well as a collection of attractive homes.
Published by The Preservation Society of
Asheville & Buncombe County, Historic Montford
provides an excellent model for any neighbor-
hood or historic district wishing to publish its his-
tory, and will be a welcome addition to any library
for its local history, historic preservation, or
urban planning collection.
Marshall Bullock, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
New North Carolina Books
Harry R. Phillips. Growing and Propagating
Wild Flowers. With Contributions by Rob Gard-
ner and Charlotte A. Jones-Roe in Collaboration
with the Staff of the North Carolina Botanical
Garden. Edited by C. Ritchie Bell and Ken Moore.
Illustrations by Dorothy S. Wilbur. Chapel Hill:
University of North Carolina Press, 1985. 331 pp.
$24.75 cloth (ISBN 0-8078-1648-5), $14.95 paper
(ISBN 0-8078-4131-5).
Harry Phillips and his colleagues at the North
Carolina Botanical Garden put ten years of work
into Growing and Propagating Wild Flowers, and
it shows. The product of those ten years of
experimentation is 331 pages of instruction and
encouragement for those who want to grow suc-
cessfully the native plants of the eastern United
States.
According to the author's introduction, the
book was designed to give the reader a thorough
understanding of the fundamentals of wild flower
gardening and to provide specific information on
the propagation and cultivation of about one
hundred species. Parts 1 and 2 of the book fulfill
the first purpose, with discussions of soil prepara-
tion, cultivation, garden planning and mainte-
nance, and explanations of seed collection and
propagation techniques. There are also sample
garden designs and a timetable of gardening
activities for each season.
The great part of the book, though, is given
over to detailed instruction for growing"from
seed, by division, or by root or stem cuttings"sev-
enty-five wild flowers, about a dozen carnivorous
plants, and fifteen native ferns. It is in this section
that the North Carolina Botanical GardenTs
experimentation truly benefits the reader, for
here are revealed the peculiarities and particular-
ities of each species, many of them important for
successful cultivation.
The writing is clear and concise. Though the
subject requires scientific terminology, Phillips
has successfully blended the scientific and the
literary. His description of the nodding onion
(allium cernuum), for example, is precise and
authoritative, but not dry: oThere is a sharp
downward arch at the top of the scape causing
the inflorescence to nod, prompting the specific
epithet cernuum, from the Latin cernuss"~with
the head facing toward the earth.�
Dorothy S. WilburTs excellent line drawings
appear throughout the book to illustrate tech-
niques and to aid the reader in plant identifica-
tion. Her drawings of the ferns are especially
useful.
Appendixes provide information on plant
1985 Fall"183
New North Carolina Books
rescue, calendars of blooming dates, and an
extensive bibliography. Appendix 4 is a produc-
tion timetable intended for use by commercial
growers and nurserymen. A glossary and an index
end the book.
Wild flowers are abundant in the Southeast"
nearly three thousand species of flowering plants
occur in North Carolina alone. Many are so com-
mon that we forget their beauty"Queen AnneTs
Lace, Black-Eyed Susan, Goldenrod. Others are
not so well known"the crimson Bee-balm, a
favorite with the hummingbirds. As Phillips writes
in his introduction, these flowers are all around,
and we ojust need to take a closer look� to recog-
nize their ornamental potential.
Becky Kornegay, Western Carolina University
Ellie M. Andrews. EllieTs Book: The Journal Kept
by Ellie M. Andrews from January 1862
through May 1865. Transcribed and Annotated
by Ann Campbell MacBryde. Davidson: Briar-
patch Press, 1984. 147 pp. $15.00.
oTheir zeal and energy will go far to sustain
the South in the forthcoming struggle,� wrote Wil-
liam Howard Russell in 1861, oand nowhere is the
influence of women greater than in America.� The
eminent British journalist was entirely correct.
Women were indeed the staunchest Rebels, and
their contributions were integral to the Confeder-
ate war effort. The one Southern woman whose
experience is depicted in this diary symbolizes all
the wives, mothers, and sisters who devoted their
lives to the Lost Cause, and in many cases were
consumed by it.
Ellie M. Butz, a native of Easton, Pennsyl-
vania, married a young Carolinian named Clinton
M. Andrews in 1856. The Andrews family, which
settled in the Piedmont during the Scotch-Irish
migration of the mid-18th century, had extensive
connections throughout Iredell and Rowan coun-
ties. The couple moved to Statesville, where
Andrews operated a small military academy.
When the war began, he volunteered in the 2nd
North Carolina Regiment of Cavalry, which he
eventually commanded.
Like thousands of other Southern women,
Ellie Andrews made the painful adjustment to
total war and detailed the process in her personal
journal. During the first part of the conflict her
morale remained high despite separation, family
bereavements, and steadily increasing economic
hardships. The diary reflects a complete identifi-
cation with the Confederate cause, combined
184"North Carolina Libraries
with a keen interest in family gatherings, local
conditions, and the military events which affected
everyone. Helping to maintain her spirits, as well
as those of the community around her, were par-
ties, charitable affairs, and the seemingly endless
round of social visits that occupied so much of the
Southern matronTs time.
Sadly, Mrs. AndrewsT situation worsened
abruptly after her husbandTs death in action in
June 1864. Her home was sold and the estate
divided; she and her nine-year-old son were
forced to board with a friend. For some time she
tried, unsuccessfully, to keep school in Statesville,
then moved to Raleigh to accept a position as a
tutor. Her diary for this latter period is intermit-
tent, occasionally skipping entire months, and
deeply tinged with sorrow and depression. oGrant
unto us Oh Lord, strength and comfort from on
high,� reads one of the final entries. oTo my pre-
cious little boy, my only one, do I bequeath this
book, that as he grows to riper years, he may read
with a loving tenderness, a small portion of his
MotherTs happiness and his MotherTs grief.� When
the fighting ended, Mrs. Andrews and her son
moved back to Pennsylvania. She died in 1876 at
age forty-one, perhaps as much a victim of the
war as her husband.
Ann Campbell MacBryde, the authorTs great-
granddaughter, has edited this journal with evi-
dent affection. Her prologue, epilogue, and explan-
atory notes concentrate on disentangling the
complicated Andrews family background, and on
identifying the numerous individuals mentioned
in the text. There is also a detailed index. Librar-
ies specializing in local history, Civil War history,
or womenTs studies will want to acquire this
volume.
Everard H. Smith, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Sue Ellen Bridgers. Sara Will. New York: Harper
& Row Publishers, 1985. 307 pp. $15.95. ISBN
0-06-015385-7.
Sue Ellen Bridgers is familiar to many readers
as the award-winning author of Home Before
Dark, All Together Now, and Notes for Another
Life. The native North CarolinianTs most recent
novel is Sara Will, a moving and tender story of a
woman who confronts and overcomes the fears
that have insulated her from her feelings and
learns to love.
Life holds few surprises and little joy for Sara
Will Burney. Over her fifty-odd years Sara Will has
become a rigid, solitary woman who cares more
for the dead than for the living and more for
things than for human relationships. Her world is
orderly, routine, and controlled with little human
contact. Then one autumn day a mud-caked
truck arrives at her door, bringing three strangers
into her life and eventually into her heart.
Here are Fate Jessop; his unmarried sixteen-
year-old niece, Eva; and her baby, Rachel. Trapped
by circumstances with no other place to go, they
ask to stay with Sara Will temporarily. The unwel-
come presence of these visitors in her home poses
a threat to Sara WillTs well-ordered and well-pro-
tected existence. Gradually, though, her resent-
ment and hostility begin to give way as she
responds to the life they bring with them. Feelings
of love, tenderness, and caring that have lain
dormant for years slowly awaken in Sara Will,
encouraged by the understanding and love of-
fered by Fate. 4
The characters dominate the novel, making
the plot seem secondary in importance. Portraits
of the characters emerge through skillfully writ-
ten descriptions, dialogue, and reminiscences
which provide information about past events and
offer insights into the thoughts and feelings of the
characters. These are believable, lovable people
who grow and change as the story unfolds.
ThereTs Fate Jessop whose life has been scarred by
the losses of an arm, a wife, and the career heTd
dreamed of, but whose humor, devotion, and love
support and sustain the people in his life. ThereTs
the irrepressible Swanee Hope, Sara WillTs wid-
owed sister, whose spirit, romanticism, and occa-
sional foolishness provoke her sister but give her
some balance. And there are the determined but
struggling teenagers, Eva Jessop and her persist-
ent suitor, Michael. From this assortment of
loosely connected individuals emerges 4 family of
varied personalities, occasionally at odds, but lov-
ing and dependent on one another. One becomes
so fond of these people that itTs difficult to leave
them at the end of the book.
Sara Will is set in the present in the small
fictional North Carolina town of Tyler Mills and
nearby Sparrow Creek. All of the action takes
place during one year, beginning in the autumn
and ending the following spring. The seasons give
structure to the novel and parallel the develop-
ment of plot and characters.
Sara Will is a warm, wonderful book with
broad appeal. Public, academic, and high school
libraries will most certainly want to include it in
their collections.
Gloria Colvin, Herald-Sun Newspaper Library
New North Carolina Books
Catherine W. Bishir and Lawrence S. Earley, eds.
Early Twentieth-Century Suburbs in North
Carolina: Essays on History, Architecture, and
Planning. Raleigh: Archaeology and Historic
Preservation Section, Division of Archives and
History, North Carolina Department of Cultural
Resources, 1985. 105 pp. $8.00 paper (plus $1.00
first copy and $.25 each additional copy for pos-
tage). ISBN 0-86526-229-2.
First presented at a 1983 conference, oKarly
20th Century Neighborhoods in North Carolina,�
the essays included in this volume reflect the con-
centration of the conference on white, middle-
class neighborhoods in five of the stateTs largest
cities: Raleigh, Durham, Greensboro, Winston-Sa-
lem, and Charlotte.
The collection explores the history and archi-
tecture of the neighborhoods, the planning that
led to their establishment, and efforts in recent
years to preserve them.
In his overview article on urbanizing the
South, David Goldfield observes that North Caro-
lina, as well as the rest of the nation, experienced
a major population shift at the turn of the cen-
tury as citizens in greater numbers left the farm
to seek employment in industries and businesses
that were booming in urban areas. Though North
Carolina lacked the large metropolitan hubs that
appeared in many other states, the housing pat-
terns that developed here were similar to those in
the rest of the nation as the availability of auto-
mobile and streetcar transportation made outly-
ing neighborhoods both convenient and attractive.
Nothwithstanding the absence in this state of
the spectacular skyscrapers and grand mansions
that graced AmericaTs major cities, the less dra-
matic, more conservative style of North Carolina's
suburban dwellings are nonetheless important
because their hallmark was simplicity.
In her article on landscape and architecture,
Margaret Supplee Smith notes that the Colonial
Revival and the bungalow were predominant
architectural styles in a mix of variations on
Tudor, Spanish and Dutch revivals, the Queen
Anne Cottage, and the Amercian Foresquare, all of
which were more often planned by local building
contractors or adapted from plans ordered from
Sears than designed by architects.
In separate chapters on each of the cities,
these North Carolina historians and city planners
acknowledge that the desire to separate the white
middle-class from the black population and oth-
ers of lower economic condition was the primary
motivator of the suburban neighborhood move-
ment.
1985 Fall"185
New North Carolina Books
We are introduced to some of the leading city
designers and planners of the day as we read how
the creation of new attractive neighborhoods was
promoted by businessmen who could profit from
large real estate transactions while diluting the
political strength of the poor who remained in the
inner city as the economically more fortunate
moved toward an alluring suburbia of curving,
tree-lined streets and parks.
Throughout these highly interesting accounts,
the text is relieved by a generous collection of
photographs and maps that document the stu-
dies and provide some moments of nostalgic
reflection for the reader who may have lived in
one of these cities in an earlier time.
The work culminates in several short articles
that are concerned with oPlanning in Today's Cit-
ies: Strategies for Protecting and Enhancing Early
Twentieth Century Suburbs.� Though the protec-
tion of these neighborhoods has been too long
neglected to preserve them intact, recent years
have seen a surge of active interest on the part of
city dwellers in using the legal means at hand to
protect their neighborhoods from encroachment
of high density housing and commercial uses of
single family dwellings.
The Survey and Planning Branch of the Divi-
sion of Archives and History is undertaking sim-
ilar surveys of the major cities in the state and
some of the smaller cities as well. We can look
forward to the publication of these studies and
hope that yet another series of surveys will con-
centrate on some of the less affluent neighbor-
hoods, for they, too, are an important part of our
history.
This attractive, very readable volume is
recommended reading for any person who has an
interest in early twentieth century North Caro-
lina, epecially those who are involved in city plan-
ning and historic preservation. Libraries that
collect North Caroliniana or items on city plan-
ning and preservation should consider this title.
Rebecca Ballentine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Horace W. Raper. William W. Holden: North
CarolinaTs Political Enigma. Chapel Hill: Uni-
versity of North Carolina Press, 1985. 376 pp. Bib-
liography, index, illustrations. $29.95. ISBN
0-8078-5060-8.
William Woods Holden, Reconstruction gov-
ernor of North Carolina, has always been the focal
point of controversy. He remains the stateTs only
chief executive to have been impeached and
186"North Carolina Libraries
removed from office. As Horace W. Raper writes,
he is the omost reviled and maligned person� in
the stateTs history. Raper, professor of history at
Tennessee Technological University and editor of
the forthcoming Holden papers for the North
Carolina Division of Archives and History, takes
as his mission the vindication of this unjustly
slighted man.
Holden, born illegitimate in Hillsborough in
1818, assumed editorship of the North Carolina
Standard in 1843. With the newspaper as his plat-
form Holden became a political power broker and
engineered the election of several governors. In
1860 Holden broke with the Democrats and, dur-
ing the war, headed up a surprisingly strong
peace movement in the state. In 1865 he was
rewarded by being named provisional governor by
President Andrew Johnson. Though he lost that
yearTs general election to Jonathan Worth he was
returned to office in 1868. On the whole, the goals
he set for his administration were entirely pro-
gressive and commendable. He was unable to
achieve them, according to Raper, due to unstable
national government, harassment by his political
enemies, and his weaknesses as an administrator.
HoldenTs greatest test as governor came when
he organized the militia in 1870 to suppress the
rampaging Ku Klux Klan in Alamance and Cas-
well counties. For his efforts he was impeached by
his Democratic opponents and, by a strictly parti-
san vote, removed from office. Holden fled the
state and sought refuge in Washington. In 1873
President Grant appointed him RaleighTs post-
master, a post he held until 1881. Until his death
in 1892 Holden sought but never received official
vindication and removal of the ban on his holding
state office. In his last years, though in fact he was
a kindly, concerned, pious man, in the eyes of
many North Carolinians he was a traitorous
monster.
Until now Holden has not had a competent or
sympathetic biographer. The study by Edgar E.
Folk and Bynum Shaw, published in 1982, con-
centrates on HoldenTs private life and his years as
editor of the Standard. Yet their book, begun by
Folk over forty years earlier and completed by
Shaw after FolkTs death, is deficient on several
counts. For many years J.G. deRoulhac HamiltonTs
broader study, Reconstruction in North Carolina,
published in 1914, has been the most consulted
source on HoldenTs years as governor. Hamilton
portrayed Holden as an irresponsible, unscrupu-
lous demagogue.
Ironically RaperTs study grew out of a disser-
tation prepared under Hamilton at Chapel Hill in
1951. Thus, like the Folk and Shaw volume, it has
had a long gestation. Certainly a thorough re-
evaluation of HoldenTs role in the stateTs Recon-
struction years is long overdue. Not surprisingly,
the picture painted by Raper is altogether differ-
ent from HamiltonTs interpretation. Indeed, on
several specific points, Raper accuses Hamilton of
misrepresenting facts in the case leading to
HoldenTs impeachment trial.
The author works hard at absolving Holden
of any guilt in the railroad corruption rampant
during his administration. Raper further demon-
strates that HoldenTs use of the militia in 1870 was
altogether defensible. Some readers may find the
detail involved in such exercises excessive. On the
whole, however, the narrative is clear and
engrossing. Raper leaves the reader convinced
that oin spite of his criticsT accusation and his lost
administrative opportunities, William W. Holden
was a man of dignity and integrity.�
Michael Hill, North Carolina Division of Archives and History
Clyde Edgerton. Raney, A Novel. Chapel Hill:
Algonquin Books, 1985. 227 pp. $12.95. (P.O. Box
2225, Chapel Hill 27514). ISBN 0-912697-17-2.
oMusic is what brought me and Charles
together,� explains Raney, the narrator of this
wonderfully funny and believable novel. If anyone
has heretofore questioned the power of music,
this statement should remove all doubt. Two
more unlikely marriage partners would be hard to
find.
Amore delightful novel would also be hard to
find. Raney, a Free Will Baptist from a small town,
and Charles, a Methodist from Atlanta rapidly
moving up to the Episcopal Church, are drawn
together by their interest in bluegrass music.
Charles, the assistant librarian at Listre Commun-
ity College, has oliberal� ideas about race, sex, reli-
gion, and politics but lacks RaneyTs sense of family
and community that nurture and bind people
together in small towns. Raney is sensitive to the
people in her world"her family, old people,
members of her church, her neighbors"yet she
has difficulty in going beyond the limitations of
her upbringing and broadening her world to
include those different from her (blacks, members
of other religions, vegetarians, her husband and
his operverted� ideas about sex).
Raney and Charles both grow and change in
the two years covered in this novel (though, mer-
cifully, they do not dissolve into that homogene-
ous slush often described by the phrase, owe two
are one�). They are without a doubt the central
New North Carolina Books
characters. But those of us who grew up in small
southern towns will recognize ourselves and
others in the minor characters and take special
delight in them. The small talk, the language used,
the situations, and the ideas are as true to life as
the events in any small town. Raney is a wonder-
ful book to read aloud with someone who appre-
ciates this gentle humor.
Edgerton, formerly on the faculty at Camp-
bell University, is now at St. Andrews College.
Raney is his first novel. LetTs hope it is the first of
many. This is another star in AlgonquinTs rapidly
growing crown.
Recommended for all adult and young-adult
fiction collections.
Alice R. Cotten, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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tions for the system(s) I checked above.
Name ets) pa eee
frye ee et Di Sa ES
Institution/Company""__
Departmen
Addres:
State.
(
Phone ( )
ticle
Mail to: University Microfilms International
300 North Zeeb Road, Box 91 Ann Arhor, MI 48106
1985 Fall"187
Library Privacy Act Passes Legislature
Legislation which will make library user
records confidential has passed the North Caro-
lina General Assembly. The act, initiated by the
Intellectual Freedom Committee of the North
Carolina Library Association, was ratified by the
Senate on Thursday, June 27. Representative
George W. Miller, Jr. (D-Durham) introduced the
bill in the House. ECU Professor Gene D. Lanier,
chairman of the Intellectual Freedom Committee,
testified in legislative committees along with
other librarians to have the bill approved.
North Carolina joins almost thirty other
states that now have this statute on the books.
The law says that a library shall not disclose any
library record that identifies a person as having
requested or obtained specific materials, informa-
tion, or services, or as otherwise having used the
library except in certain cases. Library records
may be disclosed when necessary for the reason-
able operation of the library; upon written con-
sent of the user; or pursuant to subpoena, court
order, or where otherwise required by law. The
act becomes effective October 1, 1985. The law
closely follows recommendations from the Ameri-
can Library Association for handling such library
problems.
a E
GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA
SESSION 1985
RATIFIED BILL
CHAPTER 486
HOUSE BILL 724
AN ACT RELATING TO CONFIDENTIALITY OF LIBRARY USER RECORDS.
The General Assembly of North Carolina enacts:
Section 1. This act may be cited as the Library Privacy Act.
Section 2. Chapter 125 of the General Statutes is amended by adding a new Article to read:
oArticle 3.
oLibrary Records.
og 125-18. Definitions."As used in this Article, unless the context requires otherwise:
(1) ~LibraryT means a library established by the State; a county, city, township, village, school district,
or other local unit of government or authority or combination of local units of governments and authori-
ties; a community college or university; or any private library open to the public.
(2) ~Library recordT means a document, record, or other method of storing information retained by a
library that identifies a person as having requested or obtained specific information or materials from a
library. ~Library recordT does not include nonidentifying material that may be retained for the purpose of
studying or evaluating the circulation of library materials in general.
o§ 125-19. Confidentiality of library user records. "(a) Disclosure. A library shall not disclose any
library record that identifies a person as having requested or obtained specific materials, information, or
services, or as otherwise having used the library, except as provided for in subsection (b).
(b) Exceptions. Library records may be disclosed in the following instances:
(1) When necessary for the reasonable operation of the library;
(2) Upon written consent of the user; or
(3) Pursuant to subpoena, court order, or where otherwise required by law.�
Section 3. This act shall become effective October 1, 1985.
In the General Assembly read three times and ratified, this the 27th day of June, 1985.
Robert B. Jordan III
President of the Senate
Liston B. Ramsey
Speaker of the House of Representatives
LL
188"North Carolina Libraries
Remarks by Dr. Gene D. Lanier, Chairman,
Intellectual Freedom Committee, North Caro-
lina Library Association before Senate Judi-
ciary II, July 2, 1985
My name is Gene D. Lanier and I represent
the over 2000 members of the North Carolina
Library Association in the area of intellectual
freedom and the freedom to read. As chairman of
this committee, we have handled over 150 cases
of attempted censorship of library materials in
North Carolina since 1980.
In the last session of the General Assembly I
was appointed by the Speaker of the House to
serve on a Study Commission on Obscenity Laws.
I served on this group along with representatives
from both the House and the Senate, the Depart-
ment of Justice, a district attorney, a state ;jjudge,
and representatives from the press, television, the
theater owners, and the magazine distributors.
We studied the obscenity laws already on the
books line-by-line over the period of a year. We
heard testimony from experts both from North
Carolina and from out of state. We discussed, we
debated, and we did research. Based on all of this,
we made recommendations to the Legislature for
their consideration. I am sincerely disappointed
that these recommendations were not considered
in the drafting of House Bill 1171. I hate that all
this hard work was for naught.
I agree that some legislation should come out
of this session to strengthen our present obscen-
ity statutes but I request that the recommenda-
tions of our Commission be considered before any
new laws are passed. A number of the sections in
House Bill 1171 are opposed to our findings in our
deliberations. We have found as librarians that
one of the main problems, as you might expect,
has to do with the definition of obscenity. We feel
some judicial determination of obscenity is neces-
sary prior to any prosecution. Libraries follow due
process and anyone with complaints about mate-
rials in the collection must file a written reconsid-
eration form. On these written complaint forms,
individuals have used the term oobscene� to de-
scribe their objections. As an example, individuals
filed complaints about the oR� volume of World
Book Encyclopedia due to its section on repro-
duction and in Durham they objected to Little
Red Riding Hood because of the wolf eating up
grandmother and the fact that in the original
Grimm, she had wine and cheese in the basket she
was taking to grandmotherTs house. Both of these
were described by the complainant as being ob-
scene. I think you can see how the definition
changes as you move from one person to another.
This is why my organization supports a judicial
determination based on a statewide standard
rather than leaving it up to a local police official
when a complaint is filed.
We all know that libraries are not the main
target of this legislation. Most unsavory titles
never reach the shelves of our libraries due to our
professional selection policies and criteria for
selection but we have faced a number of problems
from potential censors who do not agree with a
certain philosophy, theory, or idea found in
library materials. Intimidation and the threat of
padlocking libraries or librarians without a hear-
ing sends cold chills up my spine.
Therefore, we solicit your support in studying
carefully House Bill 1171, House Bill 143 which
incorporates many of the recommendations of
the Legislative Commission, and the thoughts I
have tried to convey. Maybe a sub-committee with
all factions being heard could iron out some of the
differences.
Thank you for your kind attention and good
luck on drafting legislation which will erase the
pornography problem in the Tar Heel state.
OUR JOB
IS TO MAKE
YOUR JOB
EASIER.
All EBSCO systems are designed with one
major goal in mind: to simplify your serials
transactions. No matter how big your library is,
how small, or how specialized, we can provide
the professional services you expect.
CONTACT EBSCO"LETTS TALK SERVICE.
8000 Forbes Place, Suite 204
Springfield, VA 22151
|34BSL@@) 00) sce-3200
SUBSCRIPTION SERVICES (900) 533-1591 (Virginia Only)
1985 Fall"189
NCLA Minutes
North Carolina Library Association
Minutes of the Executive Board
April 12, 1985
The Executive Board of the North Carolina Library Associa-
tion met on April 12, 1985 in the Green Room, Greensboro Build-
ing, Greensboro College, Greensboro. Board members present
were Leland Park, Pauline Myrick, Roberta Williams, Eunice
Drum, Shirley McLaughlin, Mary Avery, Judie Davie, Judith Sut-
ton, Rebecca Ballentine, Patsy Hansel, Stuart Basefsky, Larry
Barr, Karen Perry, Mertys Bell, Robert Bland, Emily Boyce,
Robert Burgin, Mary P. Williams, and Benjamin F. Speller, Jr.
Also present were Patricia Langelier, Marjorie Lindsey, Arial
Stephens, William Mott, Mae Tucker, Arabelle Fedora, and H. K.
Griggs, Sr.
The meeting was called to order by President Leland Park.
He recognized William R. Mott, Director of Library Services at
Greensboro College, who welcomed everyone to the campus and
spoke briefly about arrangements for the Spring Workshop.
President Park announced that, due to an increasingly
heavy load of academic and teaching commitments, Robert Bur-
gin had resigned as editor of North Carolina Libraries. After
commending Mr. Burgin for the highly professional manner in
which he handled his responsibilities as editor, the President
informed the Board that he had accepted BurginTs resignation
with regret. The President then announced that Associate Edi-
tor Patsy Hansel had agreed to accept appointment as editor,
pending approval by the Board. Emily Boyce moved that the
Board approve the appointment of Patsy Hansel as editor of
North Carolina Libraries. The motion was seconded and
passed unanimously.
President Park announced that the Nominating Committee
would mail ballots to all NCLA members on May 1. Deadline for
returning ballots is May 30. The President shared with the Board
a letter from Mr. Warren W. Stumpf of Stone and Edwards In-
surance Brokers and Consultants of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
In this letter Mr. Stumpf described the liability insurance pro-
gram developed by his company for the directors and officers of
the Pennsylvania Library Asssociation. He offered to design a
similar plan for NCLA officers and Board members. After some
discussion, it was decided not to pursue Mr. Stumpfs offer, due
to legal issues involved and also due to the fact that a number of
Board members already have liability coverage provided by their
employers. President Park also shared copies of letters from
various federal and state government officials expressing their
support of NCLA and library services in North Carolina.
The minutes of the January 25, 1985 Executive Board meet-
ing were presented by Roberta Williams, Secretary. One correc-
tion was noted on page 4, paragraph 1. For clarification, the
secretary was instructed to rewrite the last two sentences in this
paragraph to read as follows:
oDr. Davie observed that a masterTs degree is
required for state certification, but the salary
schedule for media specialists is the same as for
teaching faculty with a bachelorTs degree.�
The minutes were then approved as corrected.
190"North Carolina Libraries
Eunice Drum gave the TreasurerTs report and distributed
copies to all Board members. She stated that she had been asked
about one-year NCLA memberships for individuals planning to
retire before the end of a biennium. After some discussion, the
question of dues for retirees was referred to the Futures Com-
mittee for study and recommendations.
Arabelle Fedora, Chairman of the Futures Committee,
reported that her committee was still assessing priorities and
gathering data. She handed out copies of a brief questionnaire
which she planned to distribute to everyone attending the
Spring Workshop. She stressed that the Committee needs input
and information from many people in order to accomplish its
goals. The Committee hopes to be able to present its recommen-
dations to the Executive Board by Spring 1986.
Reporting for North Carolina Libraries, Robert Burgin
announced the appointment of Julie Sanders of the Forsyth
County Public Library as Advertising Manager. The Spring 1985
issue on Collection Development should be mailed by mid-April.
Future issues include Summer 1985, Library History (guest edi-
tor, Maury York); Fall 1985, Library Services to Institutions
(guest editor, Jim Myrick); Winter 1985, Conference Issue; and
Spring 1986, Two-year and Community College Libraries (guest
editor, Beverly Gass). Burgin also thanked the Board members
for their support during his tenure as editor.
Pauline Myrick, President-Elect, and Arial Stephens, Con-
ference Manager, gave an update report on plans for the 1985
Biennial Conference. They emphasized the July 1st deadline for
printing the conference program and urged that vitae and
glossy prints of all conference speakers be forwarded to the
Conference Planning Committee as soon as possible. A tentative
schedule of conference meetings and activities was distributed
along with space assignments. It was noted that 44 exhibitors
have already signed up and paid their fees.
The report for the Governmental Relations Committee was
given by Arial Stephens for Louise Boone, Chair. A delegation
headed by Louise Boone will represent NCLA in Washington,
D.C. at Legislative Day on April 16. Two groups of students from
the North Carolina Central University School of Library Science
will accompany the delegates.
A report from the Constitution, Codes and Handbook
Committee was given by Mae Tucker, Chair. The Committee has
studied several problems and proposed changes which have
been referred to it by the Executive Board. Chairman Tucker
pointed out that the Constitution cannot be amended by mail
ballot. Proposed changes and amendments may be recom-
mended by the Executive Board to the membership, but action
on the proposed amendments must be taken at a business meet-
ing following proper prior notification. Benjamin F. Speller, Jr.
moved that the Constitution, Codes and Handbook Committee
send its recommendations for changes in the constitution and
by-laws to members of the Executive Board for their study and
approval. Board approval may be obtained by mail ballot. All
recommendations approved by the Board would then be pub-
lished in the Summer 1985 issue of North Carolina Libraries
and distributed to the membership. Action on the proposed
recommendations would then be taken at a business session of
the North Carolina Library Association during its biennial con-
ference in October. This motion was seconded and passed. The
President then recognized Emily Boyce, who extended congratu-
lations on behalf of the Board to Mae Tucker on her recent
retirement. Board members gave Miss Tucker a large round of
applause in appreciation of her many contributions to NCLA
and to the profession of librarianship.
Emily Boyce reported on recent news from the American
Library Association. At the ALA Midwinter meeting in Washing-
ton, D.C. on January 5-10, Council approved the report of the ad
hoc Planning Process Committee. This important document is
entitled ALA Strategic Long-Range Planning: An Outline. Ms.
Boyce asked the BoardTs recommendations on the minimum
salary questionnaire recently sent out by ALA. After some dis-
cussion, it was decided to table this issue.
President Park recognized Marge Lindsey, editor of Tar Heel
Libraries. He expressed the Board's congratulations and best
wishes on her announced plans for retirement. He praised Mrs.
Lindsey for her many professional accomplishments and for her
service to NCLA. Board members accorded Mrs. Lindsey a
hearty round of applause for her dedicated support and many
contributions to library service in North Carolina.
Karen Perry, Chair, ChildrenTs Services Section, reported
that the Section has made a profit of $90.00 thus far on the sale
of notepads. Plans are being made to reprint the notepads in
order to have them available to sell at the biennial conference
and other events. The Section plans to have a oNotables Show-
case� of books, films and filmstrips chosen from the ALA oNota-
bles� list following its Thursday business meeting at the biennial
conference. The Section will sponsor a breakfast on Friday
morning with author David McPhail as guest speaker. Nominees
for Section officers for the 1985-87 biennium will be listed in the
ChildrenTs Services SectionTs August newsletter.
Robert Bland, Chair, College and University Section,
reported that the Section will sponsor a workshop entitled oThe
Electronic Network: Sharing the Costs and the Benefits of
Library Automation,� on May 30-31 at Whispering Pines Country
Club.
Stuart Basefsky, Chair, gave the report for the Documents
Section. The Section plans to set up a table to display informa-
tion about the need for public access to state publications at the
Public Library Trustee Conference to be held May 29-30 at the
Radisson Plaza Hotel in Raleigh. A similar display table will be
manned by Section members during the biennial conference
October 2-5. Basefsky introduced Ms. Pat Langelier, Chair of
State Documents Depository System Committee, NCLA Docu-
ments Section. She spoke briefly to the Board about the work of
her committee and the need to have NC General Statute 4147-
50.1 changed to establish a depository system for state docu-
ments. Basefsky and Langelier then distributed copies of the
following resolution:
WHEREAS, all citizens of North Carolina have a right to infor-
mation published by their state government and supported by
their tax monies; and
WHEREAS, this information is not now easily available to citi-
zens in all areas of the state; and
WHEREAS, the state of North Carolina does not have a state
depository law for distribution of state publications to a net-
work of libraries, and is one of the few states in the country
without such a law; and
WHEREAS, the State and Local Documents Task Force, the
Government Documents Round Table of the American Library
Association, and the Association of State Library Agencies have
approved suggested minimum standards for state servicing of
state documents; and
WHEREAS, the state of North Carolina does not meet the
approved minimum standards relating to the distribution of
state publications; and
NCLA Minutes
WHEREAS, there is an urgent need for action to correct the
inaccessibility to state publications: Now therefore be it
RESOLVED, that the North Carolina Library Association
strongly supports legislation to establish a statewide depository
system for North Carolina state publications that will make
these publications available to libraries and citizens throughout
the state; and be it further
RESOLVED, that the North Carolina Library Association author-
izes the State Documents Depository System Committee of the
Documents Section of the North Carolina Library Association to
continue preparation of a bill to establish such a depository
library system for North Carolina state publications, to work
with the Governmental Relations Committee of the North Caro-
lina Library Association to gain legislative support, and to work
to gain support of citizens throughout North Carolina.
February 21, 1985
Submitted by Pat Langelier, Chair of State Documents Deposi-
tory System Committee, NCLA Documents Section
Stuart Basefsky moved that the NCLA Executive Board approve
this resolution. The motion was seconded and passed.
Mary Avery, Chair, gave the report for the Community and
Junior College Section. Susan Janney, Secretary of the Section,
will represent the Section at Legislative Day in Washington on
April 16. With input from the Board, she wrote the position
paper to be distributed in Washington. The Community and Jun-
ior College Board will be investigating a possible off-year
summer workshop. Definite decisions on this will be made after
the October biennial conference.
Vivian Beech, Chair, Junior Members Round Table, was
unable to attend the meeting due to recent surgery. She sent a
written report which was shared with the Board by President
Park. JMRT members are still working at becoming a more vis-
ible and viable group. Brochures and application forms for the
B&T Grassroots Grants and the Young Librarians Award are
now ready for distribution. The JMRT Board will meet May 17 to
make additional plans for the Orientation Program and oNight
on the Town� which the Section plans to sponsor during the
biennial conference.
The report for NCASL was given by Dr. Judie Davie, Chair.
She reported that the Executive Committee of NCASL met on
Saturday, February 9 in Greensboro. Action items included: the
contribution of $500.00 to AASL/AECT Standards Writing
Committee; the approval of statements of support for the can-
didacy of Marilyn Miller for President-Elect of the American
Association of School Librarians and for the candidacy of Elsie
Brumback for Chair of the Supervisors Section within AASL; the
establishment of $5000.00 for the NCASL Scholarship with the
interest generated to be awarded as a scholarship at the NCASL
Biennial Work Conference; the acknowledgement of the $5000.00
Appalachian Scholarship with the interest generated to be
awarded as a scholarship at the NCLA Biennial Conference.
National topics as possible resolutions for the 1985 AASL Affil-
iate Assembly were discussed. Judie Davie and Helen Tugwell
will represent NCASL in Washington for ALA Legislative Day.
Continued support for ECIA Chapter 2 Block Grants will be the
focus. Former NCASL Chair Dr. Paula Short has been appointed
Conference Chair for the Fourth National AASL Conference in
Minneapolis, 1986. Clara Crabtree, Supervisor in Durham
County Schools, has announced her retirement at the end of
this academic year. She has been an outstanding advocate and
example of professionalism in school librarianship in North
Carolina and the nation. April 17, 1985 will be the capstone for
school library events in Spring, 1985 as balloons are launched,
stories are told, open houses are held, and media fairs are con-
ducted in celebration of oA Nation of Readers.�
1985 Fall"191
NCLA Minutes
Judith Sutton, Chair, gave the report for the Public Library
Section. The Governmental Relations Committee of this Section
has been extremely busy as N.C. legislative support is sought for
HB/SB-301 providing an additional $3 million annually in State
Aid to public libraries. The Section had six representatives in
attendance at the Lobbying Workshop held in Washington, D.C.
during ALA Mid-Winter. In cooperation with the North Carolina
Public Library DirectorsT Association and N.C. Friends of Public
Libraries, the Section is sponsoring General Assembly Day May 2
in Raleigh. Judith Sutton and Nancy Massey will be the SectionTs
official delegates to Legislative Day in Washington, D.C. April 16.
The Public Library Section, along with the Trustees Association
of NCLA, the State Library and the Institute of Government, will
sponsor the 18th Annual Public Library Trustee-Librarian Con-
ference May 29-30 at the Radisson Plaza Hotel in Raleigh. The
theme of this yearTs conference is oPublic Libraries and the
Governmental Process.� In addition to these activities, the Per-
sonnel Committee led by Tina Foti produced two outstanding
workshops with the joint sponsorship of the Cape Fear Library
Association. oHow to Improve Employee Performance: Some
Essentials of Supervision� was held March 15 and 16 in Clem-
mons and Fayetteville and featured Dr. Mardy Grothe and Dr.
Peter Wylie, nationally known for their work in personal and
organizational development. In addition to the continued publi-
cation of the nationally recognized oGrassroots,� The Young
Adult Committee under the leadership of Patrice Ebert pro-
duced a workshop March 28 in High Point on oTools for Term
Papers.� The Literacy Committee will conduct a workshop,
oLearning About Literacy: How to Set Up a Literacy Program in
Your Library,� in Kinston and Hickory on May 3 and May 24.
Reporting for Reference and Adult Services Section was
Larry Barr, Chair. The Program Committee of this Section is
planning a program concerning reviewing of reference works for
the biennial conference. The editorial board of the proposed
quarterly newsletter has selected the title, oThe Reference Desk�
and plans to publish the first issue in the early summer. The
workshop set for May 17 on oMicrocomputers in Reference and
Adult Services� is fully enrolled. Principal speakers will be Mary
A. Holloway, Media Evaluation Services, State Department of
Public Instruction; Elizabeth Evans, Department of Psychiatry,
School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;
Rosann Collins, Business and Information Support Systems,
University of North Carolina at Greensboro; and Frada Mozen-
ter, Atkins Library, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
Benjamin F. Speller, Jr., Chair, gave the Resources and
192"North Carolina Libraries
Technical Services Section report. An Evaluation Committee for
the Best Article Award has been appointed. For this bienniumTs
award, articles published in North Carolina Libraries since the
last award was made will be considered. Guidelines for payment
of RTSS members participating in RTSS events have been pre-
pared by Joline Ezzell and approved by the RTSS Executive
Board. A proposed revision of the RTSS Bylaws relating to
appointment of interest group officers has been approved by the
Executive Board; these revisions will be presented for member-
ship vote at the SectionTs breakfast/business meeting. Activities
to be sponsored by RTSS at the biennial conference include:
Breakfast/Business meeting on Thursday morning; Cataloging
Interest Group panel on oCataloging Problems and Solutions�;
Collection Development and Serials Interest Groups program on
oRetrospective Buying�; and the RTSS General Program on
oAuthority Control"the Philosophy, Where We Are Going, and
Update on Project at Library of Congress.� Speller also distrib-
uted copies of the guidelines and application form for the RTSS
grant to assist in expenses and encourage attendance at NCLA
Biennial Conferences. Deadline for applications for this yearTs
grant is July 1, 1985.
Patsy Hansel, Chair, distributed brochures on the workshop,
oUpper Level Management Speaks to Supervisors, or, Everything
We Wish We Had Known When We Started Out,� to be sponsored
by the Round Table on the Status of Women in Librarianship
May 13-14 at the School of Library Science, University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill. The Round Table will sponsor a speaker
and fashion show for the Thursday morning session of the Bien-
nial Conference and is moving forward with plans for a recep-
tion Thursday evening at the North Carolina State Museum of
Art.
Other reports were given by Mary P. Williams (Roundtable
on Ethnic Minority Concerns) and Arial Stephens (Networking).
Treasurer Eunice Drum announced that she had official
stationery and envelopes for any Board members who might
need them. President Leland Park announced that he would be
happy to write letters of thanks, appreciation, etc. on behalf of
NCLA if Board members would let him know when such letters
need to be written. He also encouraged the Board to attend the
various workshops and committee meetings scheduled for Sat-
urday, April 13 and to support these activities with their input
and suggestions.
There being no further business, the meeting adjourned.
Robert S. Williams, Secretary
stand up for
libraries
NORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
Editor
PATSY J. HANSEL
Cumberland County Public
Library
Box 1720
Fayetteville, NC 28302
(919) 483-8600
Associate Editor
FRANCES BRADBURN
Central Regional Education Center
P.O. Box 549
Knightdale, NC 27545
Associate Editor
ROSE SIMON
Dale H. Gramley Library
Salem College
Winston-Salem, NC 27108
(919) 721-2649
Book Review Editor
ALICE COTTEN
Wilson Library
UNC-Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
(919) 962-1172
Advertising Manager
JULIE SANDERS
Forsyth County Public Library
660 West 5th Street
Winston-Salem, NC 27101
(919) 727-2337
Address all correspondence to: Patsy H
Cumberland County Public Library, P.O.
North Carolina Libraries, published four times a year, is the o
EDITORIAL STAFF
ChildrenTs Services
BONNIE FOWLER
237 Arrowleaf Drive
Lewisville, NC 27023
(919) 945-5236
College and University
Community and Junior
College Libraries
RICHARD WELLS
Randolph Technical College
P.O. Box 1009
Asheboro, NC 27203
(919) 629-1471
Documents
MICHAEL COTTER
J.Y. Joyner Library
East Carolina University
Greenville, NC 27834
(919) 757-6533
Junior Members Roundtable
JOHN BURNS
Siecor Corporation
489 Siecor Park
Hickory, NC 28603
(704) 327-5219
N.C. Association of School
Librarians
ansel, Editor :
Box 1720, Fayetteville, NC 28302.
lina Library Association. Membership dues include a subscription to
ship information may be obtained from the treasurer of NCLA.
Subscription rates for 1984 are $20.00 per year, or
per year, or $7.00 per issue, for foreign subscriptions. E
copies are available through University Microfilms International.
Library Literature and publishes its own annual index.
Editorial correspondence shou
be addressed to the advertising manager. Articles are juried.
North Carolina Libraries is printed by Meridional
Public Library
BOB RUSSELL
Elbert Ivey Memorial Library
420 Third Avenue NW
Hickory, NC 28601
(704) 322-2905
Reference and Adult Services
ILENE NELSON
Duke University Library
Durham, NC 27706
(919) 684-2373
Resources and Technical Services
GENE LEONARDI
Shepard Library
North Carolina Central University
Durham, NC 27707
(919) 683-6220
Round Table for Ethnic Minority
Concerns
SYLVIA SPRINKLE-HAMLIN
Forsyth County Public Library
660 West 5th Street
Winston-Salem, NC 27701
(919) 727-2176
Round Table on the Status of
Women in Librarianship
MARY McAFEE
Forsyth County Public Library
660 West 5th Street
Winston-Salem, NC 27101
(919) 727-2264
Trustees
fficial publication of the North Caro-
North Carolina Libraries. Member-
$5.00 per issue, for domestic subscriptions; $25.00
Backfiles are maintained by the editor. Microfilm
North Garolina Libraries is indexed by
id be addressed to the editor; advertisement correspondence should
Publications, Wake Forest, NC.
Issue deadlines are February 10, May 10, August 10, and November 10.
PESLZ ON SATITANASASD
LAMHLS AYE LTSVA 80ETS
YWALLOO 9D WHVHOTW
LLODd
