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Record #:
8475
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Abstract:
The 1936 North Carolina gubernatorial race pitted three men against one other. In the one-party Democratic south, the winner of the Democratic primary was essentially the election winner. In the 1936 race, two different Democratic factions were represented, the conservative and the liberal. Clyde R. Hoey and A. H. Graham both ran as conservative Democrats. Hoey also enjoyed the backing of former governor, O. Max Gardner. While Gardner was not the current governor, he controlled the conservative faction that was known as the “Machine” or the “Shelby Dynasty.” Ralph W. McDonald ran as the liberal candidate, and he wished to create a New Deal for North Carolinians. Campaign debates centered on the creation of a sales tax that would help cover the state's debt. McDonald, a young newcomer from Illinois, was considered an underdog; however, his anti-tax policies quickly gained support. Hoey and McDonald won a runoff following the first primary. The campaign race between Hoey and McDonald grew ugly and has been described as one of the nastiest campaigns in the state's history. Hoey and the Shelby Dynasty swept the election as the liberal faction lost several other state races.
Source:
The State (NoCar F 251 S77), Vol. 51 Issue 2, July 1983, p10-13, por
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Record #:
8510
Author(s):
Abstract:
O. Max Gardner's so-called Shelby Dynasty swept the 1936 state elections while taking a stance against Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal programs. Candidates supported by Gardner won both the governor's and lieutenant governor's offices. The next two campaigns, 1940 and 1944, were overshadowed by the Second World War, and no strong opponents rose to challenge the Gardner machine. In 1948, however, opponents did face off against the Shelby Dynasty. Returning soldiers and young citizens who grew up under Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal reforms were able to vote, and they wanted improvement. Both W. K. Scott and R. Mayne Albright ran against Gardner's candidate, Charles Johnson. W. K. Scott won the gubernatorial race and became the first farmer-governor since Elias Carr in 1892. Scott's victory also signaled the end of the Shelby Dynasty which, in addition to the Simmons Machine, had dominated North Carolina's politics for over a half century.
Source:
The State (NoCar F 251 S77), Vol. 51 Issue 3, Aug 1983, p8-11, por
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Record #:
8617
Author(s):
Abstract:
Until 1928, the Simmons Machine, led by Furnifold M. Simmons, was the dominating Democratic political force in North Carolina. The Shelby Dynasty, led by Governor O. Max Gardner, took over the Democratic Party as the machine's power dwindled. After leaving the governor's office, Gardner successfully put J.C.B. Ehringhaus in office as governor in 1932, beating out Richard T. Fountain in an unprecedented two primaries. Although the votes were close, Ehringhaus had the greater number of government officials on his side, due to Gardner's support, and was able to carry fifty-eight counties for a victory. The dynasty would not face a difficult challenge until the gubernatorial primary of 1936. This article continues in the June 1983 issue of The State.
Source:
The State (NoCar F 251 S77), Vol. 50 Issue 11, Apr 1983, p8-11, 27, il, por
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Record #:
8572
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Abstract:
Furnifold McLendel Simmons, known as “The Senator,” was born in New Bern in 1854. Although he did not attend law school, he passed both of his law examinations and practiced law in Jones County, New Bern, and Goldsboro. The seventeen-year period following Reconstruction was controlled by the Democratic Party, an era called the Bourbon Democracy. When people's cries for tax reform went unheeded, a new political party called the Populist Party was formed to run against both Democrats and Republicans in 1892. During this period of upheaval, Simmons accepted the position of chairman of the state Democratic party and helped to put Elias Carr in the governor's office, also in 1892. These activities were the beginning of what would be known as “the Simmons Machine.” In 1898, Simmons was again appointed chairman of the Democratic Party, which used the platform “Black Supremacy or White Supremacy in North Carolina?” and employed red-shirted horsemen to keep African Americans from voting. Democrats regained control of the General Assembly, and in 1899 Simmons proposed a suffrage amendment and grandfather clause to discourage African American voters. Simmons helped elect Charles Brantley Aycock, the Democratic nominee, to the governor's office in 1900, and from 1901-1931 Simmons served as a United States Senator.\r\n
Source:
The State (NoCar F 251 S77), Vol. 50 Issue 6, Nov 1982, p8-12, 31, il, por
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Record #:
8577
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Abstract:
Both the success and criticism of the “Simmons Machine,” headed by Furnifold McLendel Simmons, stemmed largely from the fact that it announced its gubernatorial candidates over four or eight years in advance of the election. This created a momentum and continuity against which opponents had little recourse. Another reason for the machine's success was that it could offer well-qualified candidates for governor from within its own ranks. It also engaged in red-shirting, a practice where horsemen in red shirts prevented African-Americans from voting, and falsifying absentee ballots. It wasn't until 1930, when Simmons lost re-election for a sixth US Senate term, that the machine stopped being a political threat.
Source:
The State (NoCar F 251 S77), Vol. 50 Issue 7, Dec 1982, p17-20, 28, il, por
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