'[Fashionetta {Pagent '96 Results EASTERN Listen to WooW 1340 AM Greenville WTOW1320 AM Washington Page ia Be 5 Oy MINOR? The Mind does not take its complexion from the skin... Frederick Dougl:: EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA'S MINORITY VOICE - SINCE 1981 JOYNER LIBRARY GREENVILLE PERLODICALS FEBRUARY 12 - FEBRUARY 22, 1997 Black Beauticians File Federal Lawsuit Angered Over State Law Requiring Training for Braiding Hair A lawsuit filed in federal court ‘ last month challenges state laws that require hair stylists who per- form chemical-fee African hairbraiding to undergo nine months of unrelated cosmetology training. Plaintiffs in “Cornwell v. Cali- fornia Board of Barbering and Cosmetology” said the laws are forcing the predominantly black hairbraiders to go “underground” in order to work. The lawsuit asks that the state be blocked from en- forcing licensing requirements on braiding specialists. - The cosmetology €urriculum does not teach hairbraiding, the plaintiffs note, and they argue that the curriculum is a remnant of “Jim Crow” laws based on Cauca- sian standards of beauty that as- sume the only thing to be done with black hairis to use chemicals to straighten it so thatit resembles its white counterpart. “How do you license something you don’t teach,” asked Tabblib- Din Uqday, executive director of American Hairbraiders & Natu- ral Haircare Association, a plain- tiff in the lawsuit. “How do you teach something you don’t know” How does it make me in violation of the law if you don’t have a law that governs what I do?” A spokeswoman for the Depart- ment of Consumer Affairs, which oversees the Board of Barbering and Cosmetology, said there is a sweeping state law that requires a license of anyone “dressing, curl- ing, waving, shampooing...relaxing, singeing... beautifying or otherwise treating by any means the hair of any per- son.” The plaintiffs charge that state cosmetology licensing laws dis- criminate against stylists provid- ing traditional African hairstyles and keep them from earning a living. “When you stifle the entrepre- neurial urge in any community, you're doing violence to that com- munity,” said JoAnne Cornwell, a professors of Africana studies at San Diego State University, one of the plaintiffs in the suit and a practitioner of “sisterlocks,” a hair- styling technique she has trade- marked. Cornwell would like to open her own hairbraiding salon, but can- not because she is not a licensed cosmetologist. Both Uqday and Cornwell said the suit is about more than unfair business practices, it is about the continuing cultural standards set and enforced by a nonblack soci- ety. “If you look at the cosmetology regulations they really help per- petuate a negative self perception on the part of women with natu- rally textured hair,” Cornwell said. “And that it is not naturally straight. “hat is all that the cosmetology industry teaches...We have bad hair, they have good hair,” she said. “You can imagine what kind of implications that has for your self-perceptions.” The state requires that hair styl- ists in braiding must meet the same standards as other stylists, namely 1,600 hours (nine months) of cosmetology training and pas- sage of a licensing exam. But braiding is not included in the state-approved curriculum for cosmetology schools nor tested in the licensing exam. Braiding involves -twisting, weaving and interlocking the hair Nannie Helen Burroughs Nannie Helen Burroughs Nannie Burroughs, an African- American community leader in Washington, D.C., during the pe- riod 1906 to 1961 and founder of the Nannie Helen Burroughs School for Colored Girls (later named the National Professional Training School), has not been much discussed in the historical literature. Burrough’ s records lie buried, for the most part unread, infrequently noticed and un-inter- preted. To the extent she has been discussed, however, she has often been termed the female Booker T. Washington (Bennett, 1971; Pickens, 1921). This label is used to suggest that because she founded a training school for young African American women to be prepared for careers in domestic work, social services, sewing, tai- loring, nursing and health related areas, her political stance regard- ing segregation was, like that of Booker T. Washington, an accommodationist one. Nannie Helen Burroughs did not old the same convictions as Booker T. Washington but agreed that every man has a right to his own convictions. To better under- stand the messages given by Nannie Helen Burroughs it is im- portant to understand the histori- cal stage upon which she entered. The complexities of post slavery society, the various factions within Black America, the frustration, the uncertainty, the hard-liners want- ing to maintain slavery and the excitement of freedom. With Washington’s identity so O.J.: A case of tit-for tat? Responses to verdict by Whites and Blacks reinforce the bigger problem of race intolerance by Judith Jackson Special to the Tri-State Defender LOS ANGELES - The civil jury in the O.J, Simpson case may be in, but public opinion remains mixed along racial lines as to his real guilt or innocence in the blud- geoning slayings of his former wife and an alleged male friend. The civil trail ended as expected...Simpson guilty of vio- lating the civil rights of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman. With the verdict came an $8 million judgment with more expected from the all-White jury on punitive damages. Similar to his criminal trial verdict in which Simpson was acquitted of the crimes, the guilty verdct in the civil action brought not-so-surprising praises from Whites and criticisms from Blacks...a complete turn of events from the results of the criminal trial. The majority of Whites in most mainstream media surveys praised the jury’s verdict, calling it a semi-balance of redemption for getting off the criminal charges. Conversely, the majority of African-Americans criticized the jury’s unanimous decision and re- ferred to it as “tit-for-tat” of a “so- ciety whose foundation is built on racism.” “We knew it was going to hap- pen,” said Los Angeles civil rights activist Raymond Boyd. “America’s judicial system which is primarily based on Whited values, could never allow a Black man to escape the ire of the mainstream. It sim- ply wouldn’t happen. After all, guilty orinnocentin the real sense, the mainstream had to be vindi- cated for Simpson’s errored mur- der trial acquittal.” “This ‘last laugh’ perception by Whites and ‘we knew it all along’ attitude by Blacks in both Simpson cases is acutely reflective of the great ra- cial disparity that plagues America,” said Dr. Henry James Andrews, professor of Black Stud- ies at California State University. “While Simpson has been the cen- tral character in this still unfold- ing drama, the theme was and continues to be one of racial indif- ference and division. “No matter’ what the outcome of the civil trial would have been, Whites would have been dissatisfied with any firmly established in history as an accommodationist, as a believer in paternalism and self-help as a sub- stitute for protest and political activism, it is a powerful but erro- neous thing to call Nannie Helen Burroughs the female Booker T. Washington. This label suggests to those who readit that Nannie Burroughs was not an activist. The label has been attached to Nannie Helen Burroughs on the basis of little serious study, and it appears to have been attached to her prima- rily because she, like Washington, founded a training school. Nannie Helen Burroughs entered a larger society where Booker T. Washing- ton ruled in that period of his life. She had a choice, like all African Americans; take the accommodationist stance or the activist non-accommodationist stance. She took the latter. The study of Nannie Helen Burrough’s career, as it relates tr the founding and management of her school, is an effort to determine her views and actions regarding racial progress, the advancement of Af- rican Americans, the economic plight of African Americans and resistance to White oppression. This research was based on the extensive Nannie Helen Burroughs manuscript collection located in the Manuscript Divi- sion of the Library of Congress. The researcher was guided by Patricia Hill Collin’ s (1990) work, Continued on Page Two. other verdict. And Blacks would have been dissatisfied with any- thing less than “ngt guilty,” Dr. Andrews said. “The attitudes and reactions were pre-determined by the racial differences of the play- ers and society’s deep-seeded ra- cial phobia. Simpson symbolizes the ugly American (Black male) in America His former wife, the inno- cent and untouchable White dam- sel who was abused, misused and ultimately killed by this once sin- gular exception who finally re- moved his mask to reveal his true ugly persona “Sadly, this percep- tion is as much alive today within America’s main stream as it was in the 1920s and long before when group judgments were made ab- nt of judicial proceedings and Sis uspects were hung on racially- without the use of chemicals such as shampoos, rinses and gels and, according to plaintiffs, is the exact opposite of processing, or straight- ening African American hair us- ing chemicals. The plaintiffs argue that the state regulations suppress an ex- pression of their African heritage. The argue that African hairbraiding salons should still be subject to health standards, like clean floors and proper ventila- tion. They also say that natural styling is so safe that it should not be held to the same rules as chemi- cal processes like bleaching and permanents. Assembly woman Marguerite Archie-Hudson, D-Los Angeles, introduced a bill last year tocreate a special license for hairbraiding. The bill was withdrawn. The lawsuit says requiring braiders to go to beauty school makes no sense since the skills they need are not taught and is so expensive many women cannot afford beauty school tuitions of up to $7,000. “Im here in the name of every woman who ever walked into a beauty salon and was turned away or laughed at or told her hair has to “fixed”,” said Cornwell. “The cosmetology regulations perpetu- ate a negative self-image for women with naturally textured hair.” The Washington-based Libertar- ian law firm, the institute for Jus- tice, is a prime backer of the law- suit. They decided to challenge the cosmetology laws after a study cited those laws as a hinderance to low-income women tring to start their own businesses. EMANUEL PARKER Photo by James Rouse History Makers, God Bless the Fathers who open door for you. African Americans like John Bizzell who was the first black Greenville board member. Is shown with Executive Director of the West Greenville Community Developement Corporation, Mrs. Barbara Fenner. Keep up the cand wark a? 3 \ Photo by James Rouse Washington, N.C. Shown outside the studio of WTOW Radio Station is the Minority Affair Committee at Washington Senior High School, who have a talk show on the radio each month. based perceptions alone. Call it the slave master mentality that still persists today...subconscious, perhaps, but there nonetheless. “But criticism shouldn't only lie with Whites, Blacks, too, ignored the principles of juris prudence and facts and determined his in- nocence solely on the basis of their racially based perceptions. “White and Black responses in both cases couldn’t have been more predictable.” Simpson’s attorneys say they plan to appeal his civil trial decision and are confident whatever punitive damages are assessed???? on top of the $8 mil- lion judgment, thaf'the decisions will be reversed on technicality. Meanwhile, Simpson hasn’t yet made a public statement, and at the urging of his lawyers, may simply go underground after the case is concluded. But once concluded, Simpson may well face another horrific dilemma,..a second shot by his former in-laws to gain custody of his two children. The civil trial verdict may well be enough for a new custody hearing, a staff mem- ber from attorney Johnnie Cochran’s office said. Cochran,who _ successfully defended Simpson in his criminal trial was not avg - able for comment. a ‘ice NV faye Mrs. Beatrice Maye CONGRATULATIONS to JANIELLE, WILLIAM, AND JOHN ROBERT BRYAN! Parents: Bryan Grandparent: Mrs. Beatrice Maye William and Mamie Maye These children competed in the 1997 Reflections Contst Program held at the Two Springs Elementary School, Bellvue, Nebraska. The children's eight entries will be submitted to the State Competition in Lincoln, Nebraska in Janielle, age 10, and John Robert, age six, were eines tn. the literature category. Janielle, William, age eight, and John Robert were winners in the Photography and Music categories. FEBRUARY'S PROGRAMS UPCOMING Sycamore Hill "African-American Extravaganza - 7 Categories” St..Mark's, Martin County Literary program, highlighting Black's contributions, past and present Holly Hill African-American Progam, 6 p.m., Sunday, February 9. St. REst Holiness Church, Winterville Milton Brown, a Winterville native, presently, principal, Connecticut Public School System Attire: Each Sunday, African mre New Deliverance Church, Ayden All Churches will jointly celebrate with speeches, music and skits Cornerstone Heritage Sunday, February 23. Dress according to your culture. Sunday, February 23, 6 p.m., "God's Trombones" Sandra Jones, Directress St. Gabriel's Feb. 23: Sr. Maxine Towns, S.A., director, African-American Ministry and Evangelization, speaks, 11:00 Mass Reverent sympathy is expressed to the late "Jack" Harris family. The family's gratitude is expressed thusly: Words don't seem adequate to express just what your acts of kindness have meant tous. You have brought us great warmth and comfort during this difficult time. For all of your words of kindness, your helpful deeds, prayers and concerns - we simply say, Thank you and thank God for you all Mrs. Rosa Harris, wife Mrs. Frances Bullock and her daughter, Janet, Capt. C.J. Hardy, and family, Mrs. Mable Lang, and Mrs. pauline Anderson attended the Inauguration of President Clinton, January 20. Damien Brewington was awarded a $1,500 scholarship, Sunday, February 2, 1997 at Sycamore Hill Baptist Church. Damien is the son of Gloria Brewington. COMA, cele tis ag ona oe ee ee cette eget remms ce zinnt pa sear mea se ERENT CPR RC ee Sia ‘Gaacbyn Nabeling: Capi; Stephen” Staton, and Daniel Bullock, Jr., were presenters at the Retirement Living i ‘Class taught by Beatrice Maye. A speedy recovery is extended to ‘Ms. Lucille Rich, Mr. Curtis Simpson, and - Dr. Garrie Moore. Our heartfelt sympathy goes to Mrs. Evelyn Lopez and her family also. HAPPY BIRTHDAY, MRS. ROSA BRADLEY! BLACK INVENTIONS L.S. Burridge, Typewriting Machine A. Miles, Elevator C.B. Brooks, Street sweeper J.L. Love, Pencil Sharpener Fred M. Jones, Removable refridgeration J.H. Smith, Lawn Sprinkler \. L.C. Bailey, Folding Bed W. Johnson, Egg Beater J.T. White, Lemon Squeezer A.L. Lewis, Window cleaner Granville T. Woods, Telephone system and apparatus W.B. Purvis, Fountain Pen John F. Pickering, Airship J.H. Sweetening, Device for rolling cigarettes J.A. Burr, Lawn mower Lewis H. Latimer, Electric Lamp W.H. Richardson, Child's carriage J.E. Matzeliger, Shoe lacing machine Isaac Johnson, Bicycle frame oe) eR EUR ar 2 and gas ; mask TJ. Marshall, Fire extenguisher Sarah Roone, Ironing — John Stanard, Reffidgerator By: Kwake Person-Lynn, PhD American African Inventions SOME AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN MAKING A DIFFERENCE Note: Byno means are those mentioned any more important than the others locally. Pat Alexander, Cassandra Bell, Vernita Bowman, Rosa Bradley, Dr. Janet Bullock, Dede Carney, Shirley Carraway, Erma Carr, Patricia Clark, Eva Clayton, Jennifer Congleton, Mildred Council, Martha Dawson, Bernita Demery, Imogene Dupree, Karen Ellis, Barbara Fenner, Marjorie Gatlin, Mildred Elliott, Carolyn Ferebee, Lucille Gorham, Marion Gorham Wilkes, Mary Hardy, Velma Harris, Patricia Haynes, Helen Johnson, Sherrie Johnson, Virginia Jones, Dorothy Josey, Mable Lang, Pattie Leary, Valerie McCloud, Rebecca Oats, Clejetter Pickett, Sallye Streeter, Valerie Thomas, Effie Thompson, Isabel Wicker, Mary Lawrence Williams, Taffy Benson Clayton, Kimberly Moore Have You Names To Add? Let Me Have , Them, Please. February. Burroughs, Black Feminist Thought. a Model of Black Women’s Activism. Nannie Helen Burroughs was born toex-slave parents and grand- parents in Culpepper, Virginia in May 1879, 14 years after the end of the Civil War. In 1883, after the death of her husband (John) and younger daughter, Jennie Burroughs moved to Washington, D.C. with her four year old daugh- ter Nannie Helen Burroughs. This move was prompted by Jennie Burrough’s desire to acquire the best education possible for her daughter. Nannie Helen Burroughs told an unknown White woman that wrote about her in a 1922 publication entitled The Van- guard of a Race that her “dream was to become a teacher, get mar- ried, have children, live near her mother and have a comfortable, quiet life” (Vanguard of a Race, 1922, p.6). Parts of this dream were delayed forever when the promised teaching job was re- tracted because of her skin color and economicstatus. Nannie Helen Burroughs would live to experi- _ ence prejudice from White Ameri- cans as well as anunfamiliar preju- dice from African Americans based Philippi, Farmville Blvd. continued from page one. on skin color and class prejudice. The experience of the accommo- dating color line set in Black America by Booker T. Washington wouldestablish permission for the overt practice of classism when Nannie Burroughs surprisingly was rejected for the job she was promised due to political class and shade of skin. The world would probably not have heard Nannie Helen Burrough’ s voice had she not been rejected for the job she really wanted by members of her own race based on the rules of inequality and injustice. Much of her life’s work occurred around the themes of skin color prejudice, class prejudice and social equality for all human beings. She was very much the social worker. In 1912 the National Council for Colored Women (NACW) had its first convention and Nannie Helen Burroughs headed the Depart- ment for Young Women’s Work. In 1924, Nannie Helen Burroughs was asked by Mrs. Washington (Booker T. Washington’ s wife) to assist her in keeping the National Council for Colored Women free from Internal strife and Burroughs agreed, forif Internal conflicts dis- rupted the effectiveness of the or- ganization, gains made by the Af- rican American women would be lost. A very good friend of Burghs, Mary McLeod Bethune, was elected president of the National Council for Colored Women. Data for the study of Nannie Helen Burroughs was gathered from the Nannie Burroughs manu- script collection. “The papers of Nannie Burroughs (1879-1961” Finding Aid, p.3 are located in the Library of Congress, Reading Room, Manuscript Division in Washington, D.C. The papers oc- cupy “ 134.4 linear feet of shelf space and consist of approximately 110,000 items” (Finding Aid, p.3.). The Nannie Burroughs collection includes documents dated from 1900 to 1961, with most of the material dated between the years “1928 and 1960” (Finding Aid, p.3). The majority of the letters in the general correspondence category relate to maintaining and operat- ing the school or deal with the activities and internal affairs of the Woman’s Convention. The controversy with the Na- tional Baptist Convention over the Continued on Page Four. Manager WILDER’S EASTSIDE MOTORS 2313 South Memorial Drive Greenville, NC Clee Wilder Saturday 756-7821 ° Breana Kittrell Sales Manager Monday - Friday 8:00 AM - 5:30 PM 8:00 AM - 3:00 PM Come See Us Today ... We're anxious to have you riding!!! 355-3401 Fax: 355-8813 sterol a aWrlieley (= African-America. Art HEAvNes EADLINES Bobby Hardy ° Representatvie 919-758-4516 * 1-800-637-2403 OLVF IED NOM Wiese Monday, ~Saturday 10-5 PM ¢ Books ® Clothing * Carvings * Greek Paraphernalia * T-Shirts avet As featured on cove A we uf Vh , RoaNp | dead Has Aon ani Wa te the jitite wit \ po 4a Boeilde gy meets af wee ‘ae ' Win Ne pat «Aly. eae ape 1 pat ayes : = ost lolly Met 0 rarely owt Tr i Nant wd yan Mate 10 at stove’ sof Africare: Aare? aa gna deine er tthe vena Lent aaty, a wat cant aun rent OS! try Ue 18 ees yreya® $22.00 jos {oy We * site | Mandela ye Block ne Wess . Aw Ub stratcat Nen-raptey \yon at at yan n i gant? ty Nelson Mandela Me ge eet ah BY) Mowe thi 0) stoking phon pati Mal aw ie egseatt re | React ance Bach Woman tert driw from the ats Sher bi: qn “ aya “y a ay tant le it UM bE finite ny Memoir, Loug Wel tty mn agony ORE coal ne . wl! Ai} tea artery wether dL anittes tO breast Mprecedented access to \ ee gna eevee ate tential! i 0 Mcin Anterieant por remarkable lite Feat Weaving ‘sn \ ™ i" “hort by wt wn Wow ine ss . is ve sth veered . i ; salad ts shed Hinanes ot Mandela se want wr guns palliy.trionvormetiot, and medion! 4 Hk HOt aprortl ‘ iat et ; . determi pl rnc 4 Are 4 ahr ahivi at a berg \ a / ‘ fuiyaat \ wD EE fobnson pre aH | Prod tather and yrancdiather, « he bewk beif fee Winters, onde vides hs into nigtion omg atefies ‘ MM PrOMISING sPint ant aon Orel vem aptuite hey 7 fee ot eareer, dtd otters steahegties for é Hrpentant leaders (Awtobiograyny)|itie inn sec . Olt one I gene Patient ii 4 add sary rg thie doesn TERA RN: DMO 929.95 Von Sivke & Pray Cbhichers AMNION, ye V4Vae $19.98 ' 410 Evans Street (Mall) © Greenville, NC 27834 S , Home Improvements e Cash Out ENCHMARK e Bill Consolidations | TERRE OIL See Sa UES e Refinances or Purchases | e Credit History Not Important e lst of 2nd Mortgages ¢ Quick Approvals. ¢ Programs for Self Employed Don't let past or present credit problems stand in your way. We pride ourselves in working one on one with our clients to insure you the savings you deserve. You could save yourself thousands of dollars by taking advantage of the current Z ul O. 0 a F N ul 5 ej 6) < 7 favorable interest rates. Call today and | will gladly discuss your options to save Call Today for FREE Consultation! Ph: 919-355-1177 money. Black History Month ; Sunni Ali Ber was the ruler of the Kingdom of Songhay. Under Sunni Ali Ber’s rule, Songhay grew from a small state into a very large kingdom. For 28 years this heroic warrior king constantly won more and more territory for his people. He is remembered as one of the greatest leaders in history. The Songhay empire began when Sunni Ali Ber came to power in 1464. At first, Songhay was a small state of Mali, ruled by Mansa Musa. One by one, Sunni Ali Ber of Songhay began conquering cities and capturing trade routes. His kingdom soon ruled over what had been Mali. The kingdom of Mali had many mines of gold and salt, some of the most valuable natural resources of ancient times. Like the great Mansa Musa of Mali, Sunni Ali Ber had a huge army. His government was well organized. Sunni Ali Ber set up courts of law, built roads, and made plans for feeding the poor. He also conquered many smaller kingdoms and forced them to pay taxes to the empire of Songhay. Every caravan that crossed the Niger River to Ethiopia and Egypt also was taxed. The kingdom of Songhay grew very rich. The great cities of the Mali empire remained strong under Sunni Ali Ber. When he first came to power, he destroyed and then rebuilt Mali’s capital, Timbuktu. He also conquered two other large cities, Gao and Jenne. All three cities were on or near the Niger River. Sunni Ali Ber’s dream was to create a kingdom that stretched across the entire width of Africa. He achieved much of his dream by building one of the largest, and wealthiest empires in history. Though he spent his lifetime making war, he was never defeated in battle. A skillful warrior, he attacked the small kingdoms along the trade routes to the east of Songhay. Sunni Ali Ber knew how to govern as well as how to win battles. The people whom he had conquered were treated well. He also often honored the rulers of the conquered kingdoms. Sunni Ali Ber even married the queen-mother of Jenne, one of the cities that he had conquered, so the people of Jenne would find it easier to follow his rule. Sunni Ali was different from former emperors of Mali in one very important way; he was not a loyal Muslim. He allowed the scholars and priests of Islam to keep the mosques open. And, he sometimes prayed at the mosques. Although he called himself a Muslim, Sunni Ali Ber was devoted to the religion and traditions of ancient Africa. Sunni Ali Ber kept his empire strong. His large army was ‘trained and ready for battle at all times. Under his command, workers built huge public projects. They also built public monuments and dug hundreds of canals to bring water from the Niger River to many farm fields. In 1492, Sunni Ali Ber went to look at one of his canal projects. He was never seen again. It was a tragic end to a life of great achievement. Sunni Ali Ber respected and defended African traditions. He made the Empire of Songhay one of the world’s largest and most powerful kingdoms. MEMORIAL COINS & PAWN, INC. Corner of Memorial Dr. & Dickinson Ave. Ph. 756-6767 EAST CAROLINA COINS & PAWN, INC. Corner of Dickinson Ave. & Tenth St. Ph. 752-0322 SOUTHERN GUN & PAWN, INC. 1014 North Green St. Ge ‘Ph. 752-2464 (MB ALLCOLD CHAINS, BRACELETS, BARRINGS & PENDANTS ell Flanagan-Perkins Funeral Homes Robersonville and Greenville - A Proud Sponsor of Black History Month From & Memorial Chapels (ocations Serving Eastern North Carolina for over 75 years. Rev. David S. Hammond Owner/President Williamston, Bethel, and Belhaven Mother Peggy Hammond Ist Lady Representatives Mr. and Mrs. David Foreman (919) 244-1600 Mr. David Henderson, (919) 943-2221 Belhaven (919) 745-3112 Robersonville (919) 809-4848 Williamston Staff Members Female Attendants Mrs. Vernelle Gaskins Ms. Illenne Wooten Mrs. Esther Sampson Ms. Joyce Tyson Ms. Tausca Williams Male Attendants Mr. Grady Gaskins, Funeral Director Deacon Jesse Sheppard Deacon Jasper Payton Bishop T.L. Davis Mr. James Dixon Minister Ralph Love, Jr. Bishop Ralph Love, Sr. Mr. Julius Madison Deacon Nathaniel Keyes j Mr. William Taft Mr. George Vines Mr. Cleveland Cox Mr. Daniel Roundtree Shown above is Rev. Hammond and Funeral Director, Mr. Ernest Perkins. The New Gray Fleet of Cars | aa : . “Ewa 4 rage : | ? ¢ Mi 1 i , a wt # Jonrgan vr uneral Secretary/Receptionist, Ms. Joy R. Brown °F Y a Bx DAS Re fah ae eR Be sh (ae = Dwantyse young teens in seven, eight, and nine were mally introduced to the . ville community on Satur- day evening, December 14 during _ the twelfth Fashionetta Scholar- ship pagaent sponsored by the lota Omega Chapter of the Al- “e Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. e cotillion was held in the Per- Arts Center at J. H. Rose ‘High School. Tamica LaShawn Smith daugh- ‘ter of Mr. and Mrs. Clifton Smith “was crowned Miss Fashionetta 96 ‘by Tywanna Lenise Jeffries win- ner in 1994. First runner-up was -Quisha Renee Mallette daughter cos oe Ss & Tamica Smith © Mt VOICE - ~ WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 12- ~ FEBRUARY 22, 1997 ‘FASHIONETTA. PAGAENT °96 of Dr. and Mrs. Julius Mallette. Ebony Nicole Pritchard, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Clinton Pritchard was second runner-up. The con- testants chose Odetta Tandeiwai Locks as Miss Congeniality. Win- ners in the Art/essay contest were Waquia Nisaa Maultsby and Sophier Muranda Quinerly. Other contestants were Danetta Renee Applewhite, Theresa Kim- berly Bynum, Shenecca Cannon, Grecia Chareese Edwards, Sheron Nicole Hardy, Lanita Reesie Holsey, Kiandra Svonne Hunter, Monica Shari Joyner, JoAnne Lovanna Morgan, Ashely Rene Moye, Krystal Kenyetta Patterson, Shanell Renee Perkins, Fatimah Shahid-EI, Ashley Noelle Staten, Kimberly Karamoka Tyson,. Ashley Christina Weaver, and Leonce Marie Wilkins. Senior marshals and junior es- corts from area middle and high schools served with the contes- tants during the pageant. The bienniel affair is designed to help teenage girls financially prepare for college as well as de- velop characteristics of finer wom- anhood. Activities leading up to the pag- eant included a mother/daughter tea, a sundae social, Tar River Manor nursing home service project, a skating party, a health seminar, and a family worship Sunday. Fashionetta contestants, parents, and sorority members vis- ited Washington, D. C. October 19-20. Historic site visitation in- cluded the White House tour, the Frederick Douglas Home, the Smithsonian Institution, and Howard University where the AKA Sorority was founded in 1908. The program included the playet “The African American Children are Coming,” acreative dance rou tine, a step show, and jazz pianist Rudolph Tyson as guest. Steering committee members were Sharon Evans and Charetta Walls Co-chairpersons, Jennifer Congleton, Ann Dixon, Karen Ellis, Delilah Harris, Ella Harris, Bar- bara Johnson, Dorothy Jordan, Sharon Mallette, and Darlyn White, Gloria Hines and Helen Harrell. Committee chairs were: Fi- nance-Venus Johnson, Souvenir Booklet Ella Harris, Events—Jen- nifer Congleton, Pageant-Sharon Mallette and Delilah Harris, Pho- tography/Gifts-Sondra Morris, Escorts-Dorothy Jordan and Rhonda Dennard, Tea/Socials-Bar- bara Ormond and Maxine Whit- ener, Historic Tour- Jean Carter, Sharon Evans, Charetta Walls. Gifts were presented each con- testant and.scholarships will be awarded upon their enrollment into post secondary education. The pageant culminated four months of cultural, educational and social activities sponsored for the young ladies, escorts, and their families. Karen Fllisis chapter president.* ) ~ Quisha Mallette Ebony Prichard Odetta Locks Krystal Patterson Kiandra Hunter Kimberly Bynum | s Ashley Staten Shenaca Cannon } Kimberly Tyson JoAnna Morgan Sheron Har dy Waquia Maultsby Sophier Quinerly Ashley Weaver } 2 | 1 “Da Wie Applewhite Monica Joyner Fatimah Shahid-E Shanell Renee Perkins Leonce Wilkins Reesie Holsey Ashley Moye Women's Center presents thirteenth annual Art Exhibition The Women’s Center invites you ) to attend a truly unique art exhi- bition, “Through Women’s Eyes.” “Over the past 13 years, this juried “art show and sale has emerged as an established showcase of women artists from across North Caro- Aina. This significant exhibition serves to promote the talents, vi- - sions, and voices of women. “ Women’s Eyes” is also ve ~ animportant fundraiser enabling _ © the Centerto provide valuable re-’ ~ pources to women and families the community. q i ya es ie tite “Through Women’s Eyes” will be available for viewing from Feb- ruary 20-28 at The George Watts Hill Alumni Center on the UNC- Chapel Hill Gmpus. Three excit- ing events will surround the show and sale. The leading function is the Coektail Buffet which will pro- vide the frst opportunity to view and purchase artwork. This event will be held Thursday, February 20 from 6:30-8:30 p.m. The cost is $75 per person and $ 125 per spon- sor. The second gathering is a Lun- j i) cheon which will include the awards presentation. This event will be the first and only opportu- nity to purchase a variety of cen- terpieces created by local women artists. The pieces will range in price from $75-$200 and will in- clude pottery, sculptures, etched glass, decorative eggs, and hand painted tableware. This artwork is not part of the actual juried show and will only be available for sale at the luncheon. This event is scheduled for Friday, February 21 from 10:00 a.m.-2:00 p.m. Tickets t are $40 per person and $60 per sponsor. The final event is the Meet the Artists Reception which will be held on Friday, February 21 from 4:30-7:00 p.m. During this event, the Women’s Center will give away two free tickets to any of Midway Airline’s destinations across the United States as well as gift cer- tificates to Wellspring Grocery. All attendees of this reception are eli- gible for the drawing. Cog for this event is $8 in advance, $ 12 at the door, and exhibiting artists are admitted free of charge. Call Selna Berrier at (919) 968-4610 for more information regarding any of these events or for tickets. The Women’s Center will give away prizes in an At Show Raffle, some of which include: * Original painting by Beverly Dixon, well-known Triangle Area artist and long-time “Through Women’s Eyes” exhibitor * Colorfully handpainted round vase donated by Vietre, a women- owned business in Hillsborough which imports jpanderafted Ital- ' ian ceramics * Pendant with precious stones and multi-colored golds on a ster- ling silver chain by: local artist Christine Lux * Gift Certificate for Roots CD’s and Vinyl * Dinner for two at Pyewacket Restaurant * Free massage from Susan O'Neal, CMT Raffle tickets cost $5 each or five tickets for $20 and are on sale now at the Women’s Center. Photo by James Rouse On asunny day at the Post Office you can run into alot of old friends, shown above is Doctor Patricia Brewer Formen, Principle of Agnes Fullylové & Brother Grady, owner of Grannell Limousine Services. Borther Grady Limousine Service is available anytime. Brothers in Christ , J. Photo by James Rouse Rev. Herb Gardner, owner of Gardner Bail Bonding Company is shown with another area Minister discussing God’s Business in front of Gardner Bail Bonding Company. The answer to a lot of our problems is in the “good book,” just read it. iaaiaeaie 2 FAMILY RESOURCE COORDINATOR The newly funded Bethel Family Resource Center is seeking candidates for the position of Family Resource Coordinator. The Coordinator administers and coordinates programs and services of this new agency. Qualifications for this grant funded position include a bachelor’s degree in a human services field and at least two to five years experience in administration, supervision, program development, fundraising and/or family services. Candidates must have good interpersonal skills and abilities to work with people from diverse backgrounds. Salary range: $22,000 - $26,000. Applications may be picked up at the Bethel Family Resource Center located in Bethel, North Carolina. 919-825-1110 Application deadline is February 28, 1997. & MANY OTHERS [THE SHOE OUTLET “the little store with big savings” LARGE SELECTION OF SHOES FOR THE ENTIRE FAMILY! , LADIES NAME BRAND LEATHER SHOES........... FOR MEN|... ALLEN EDMONDS/BOSTONIAN STACEY ADAMS/COLE HAAN/BALLY MOST PRICED 75% OFF REG. PRICE “Quality Shoes at Budget Prices” ON THE CORNER OF 9TH & WASHINGTON STREETS. | reve ee 315 - $19 legal status of the school receives considerable attention until 1948 when Reverend Jemison puts and end to the matter. Many of the letters reflect Nannie Helen Burrough’s views on education, the role of the church, and the eco- nomic, social, and political posi- tions of African Americans in this country. Letters are exchanged with the National League of Re- publican Colored Women, various housewives of the time, National Association of Wage Earners, na- tional committees, including the 1932 Committee on Negro Hous- ing of the President’s Conference on Home Building and Home Own- ership. “Correspondents in the Nannie Burroughs papers include Mary McLeod Bethune (personal and professional), Oscar DePriest, James H. Dillard, Williams Pickens of the Black Press, Adam Clayton Powell, Sr.,and Dr. Ralph Abernathy” (Finding Aid, p.7) to name but a few. The financial file is the most diverse of the categories of the Burroughs papers. “In addition to the personal financial affairs of Burroughs, the file include the fi- nancial records of.the Women’s Convention, the National Trade and Professional School, the pa- pers of Cooperative Industries, the National Association of Wage Earners, and the National League of Republican Colored Women” (Finding Aid, p.5). Financial records of the commercial ventures and tuition for students are also available. The student records se- ries is a volume containing the scholastic achievements of the first students. The file contains letters from individuals seeking informa- tion about the school, complete enrollment records from 1909-1910 through 1930-1931. Transcripts and listings of student grades are also included. Nannie Helen Burroughs wrote many publications, speeches and _ in 1934 she launched The Worker as a missionary magazine and teaching tool. The circulation of The Worker grew to over 100,000 under the direction of Burroughs. The staff at the Burroughs Ad- ’ ministration Center for the school state that The Worker is the larg- est fund-raiser for the school even today. In addition, the collection includes a number of speeches made by the dynamic writer and speaker. The collection includes all available orders for publica- tions, instructional literature, and procedural information for the or- ganization Baptist groups. Also available to this researcher was the staff person who received and filed all of the material, as well as a printed list of all of the 307 boxes with descriptions of the material in each box and microfilm mate- rial. Black newspapers were re- searched for articles written by 758-7609 Burroughs, Continued from page wo. and about Nanny Helen Burroughs. The Colored Ameri- can, The Richmond Planet, The Black Republican, The Pacific Ap- peal, The Baltimore Afro-Ameri- can, The Washington Afro Ameri- can, The New York Afro American and the Pittsburgh Courier pro- vide valuable information about Nannie Helen Burroughs, the Af- rican-American community and society at-large during her life- time. Alice Smith, a student of the National Training School for Women and Girls, a worker at the school beyond her educational years and a confidante of Nannie Helen Burroughs wasinterviewed at the Park Nursing Home in Feb- ruary, 1993. Smith came to the school at a very young age and stayed with Nannie Burroughs until Burroughs died in 1961. The history of Nannie Helen Burroughs, is intertwined with the history of other African women. In America the role of educator seemed reserved for African American women. Nannie Helen Burroughs fulfilled that role, and many others, for a full lifetime. African American and White in- tellectuals and educators believed that African American females would ultimately provide the ma- jor support system for the black race. Schools were founded to meet what was considered to be the spe- cial needs of Black women. Among those schools was the National Training School for Women and Girls in Washington, D.C., previ- ously named The Nannie Burroughs School for Colored Girls. The Nannie Helen Burroughs School for Colored girls contributed much to the uplifting of the Black race. The Nannie Helen Burroughs School for Col- ored Girls came out of the Amen- can Black Baptist Church expen- ence and the Black female activist movement to uplift Black fami- hes. Sophie B. Packard and Harnet Giles (two white women) chose At- lanta as the site for an industrial school for women (Spelman) be- cause of its healthful climate, rail- road connections and the spirit of enterprise (Neverdon-Morton, 19~9). Nannie Helen Burroughs chose Washington, D.C. as the site for The Nannie H. Burroughs School for Colored Girls because it was the Nation’s capital. She be- lieved that if the school was in the nation’s capital it would send a message to all African American girls that the school was available regardless of political connection and economic status. The school was available for all African Ameni- can girls and women. The training aspect of African American education for women fell in line with the Booker T. Wash- ington philosophy which was as- cendant in this period. Funds for 4 : chairs for the students to sit in, dishes for them to eat out of and they had failed to raise fifty dol- lars a month for a teacher of mu- sic. Therefore, Burroughs did not think the Convention men were in the position to assume the man- agement of the school. Further, Burroughs pointed out that if the Convention men had read the > Charter they would know that the officers of the Baptist Convention men hold no voice and no vote in the school Board meetings. The National Training School was a national educational ideal and the only educational institution oper- ated by the race forits women and. girls. All the other schools for Black girls were operated by White: people for the race (Pittsburgh Courier, 1928, p. 1). ‘ Nannie Helen Burroughs stated — her thoughts in simple, straight- forward terms. Audiences easily understood the thoughts, feelings and commitments of this new kind of woman in her time. There was | no guessing about where she stood. If she thought there was any chance of one’s misunderstanding what she was saying, she gave examples, parables and parables to clarify her view or her point. She stood on her convictions and her beliefs whether or not other people, Black or White, agreed or felt positively or negatively about the matter. Nannie Burroughs con- stantly urged Americans to reas- sess their values, to cease associ- ating labor with slavery and seek equality for all humans and to regard labor as dignified and _a.. means to economic independence rather than a reason to subjugate. She believed that the Negro spent too much time concerning itself with the emulation of White folks. She encouraged her students to be authentic. Harrison ( 1929) de- scribed Nannie Helen Burroughs in the following manner: Nannie Burroughs is brilliant as a whip, as keen as a razor, as rugged asa cross-cut saw, as stubborn as'a mule, as impatient as a race horse, as steady as an ox, as wise as a serpent, but as harmless asa dove, as sweet as arose, and as gentle as a lamb, so long as you do not rub the fur the wrong way. Qh yes, Nannie Burroughs for- © gives, but she never forgets. She can do things, say things and to places and knows it. She can lead, drive or drag, whichever the situ- ation demands. She can make plans and she can carry them out. These characteristics, natural and acquired, have contributed to the uniqueness of her life of service which has been fertile and refresh- ing. Dr. Nannie Helen Burroughs’ life was studied for dissertational purposes by Dr. Bass. However, the life of Dr. Burroughs is now a passionate endeavor for Dr. Bass. Black schools were easier to come by if one’s curricular “buckets” were cast in the Washingtonian mold. Morals and education were deemed necessary if African Americans were to emerge from the pit of poverty (Giddings, 1984). Nannie Helen Burroughs, like other African American women of Washington’s time, held ambiva- lent attitudes toward him though elements of his stance were at- tractive. Nannie Helen Burroughs deeply believed in Washington’s philosophy of Black self-help, mu- tual aid, and racial pride. As a school founder and educator, she was not opposed to Washington’s ideas of industrial education. Be- fore making gifts to Negro Col- leges, prospective White donors sought Washington’s assurance that their monies would be ear- marked for this kind of education (Bennett, 1971). African American women were influenced by Washington’s formidable presence but never became captives of the famed Washington machine. From the very beginning of Washington’s national acclaim, African Ameni- can women, like Burroughs, ex- pressed conditional praise for his achievement. Nannie Helén Burroughs gave clear and consistent messages when she disagreed with Booker T. Washington’ s suggestion that theschool be built in the South. He supported his suggestion with the idea that the school was needed in the south and could only survive in the south. Burroughs was ada- mant that the school should be a national school and should be lo- catedin the Nation’s Capital where all women and girls would have access and feel welcomed. To agree with Washington in 1906 was to be assured federal funds and to disagree was to be without federal educational support. Burroughs followed her own mind and sought funding in other ways. A second activist, non- accommodationist life event was the question and battle of who owned the school. It took eighteen years, from 1920 to 1938 for the Baptist men to realistically chal- lenge Burroughs for ownership of the school. Every time they brought the issue of ownership to the Bap- tist Convention floor, Burroughs was there to speak her mind. The Baptist men who frowned on the initial effort to build the school attempted to seize the achieve- ment. The National Baptist Con- vention, Incorporated, (all males) demanded that the trustees of the National Training School for Women and Girls, Incorporated, surrender their charter and turn the school over to the males to own, manage and control. Burrough’s response to the Bap- tist males was that they had been unsuccessful in raising money for a working with Salary range: $17,000 Carolina - OUTREACH WORKER The newly funded Bethel Family Resource Center is seeking candidates for the position of Outreach Worker. The Outreach Worker performs specialized case management and family support service work. Qualifications for this grant funded position include an associate’s degree in a human services field and at least two to three years experience in the support/service work, and case management. - $21,000. Applications may be picked up at the Bethel Family Resource Center located in Bethel, North 919-825-1110 Application deadline is February 28, 1997. \,. public, family PART-TIME OFFICE ASSISTANT The newly funded Bethel Family Resource Center is seeking candidates for the position of a part-time Office Assistant. The part-time Office Assistant will act as receptionist for the Bethel Family Resource Center and will perform, other duties such as filing, telephone contacts, management otf forms, data entry, and information and referral. Qualifications for this grant funded position include a high school diploma, some proficiency with computers, knowledge of standard office equipment, good writing, speaking, interpersonal, and problem- solving skills. This person must also be able to set up and operate an office. Salary range: $8,320. Applications may be picked up at the Bethel Family Resource Center located in Bethel, North Carolina 919-825-1110 Application deadline is February 28, 1997. ~~ bicycling, swimming or jogging - -- or simple activities 5 » housework, gardening, and dancing! To learn A about exercise and your health, os ‘tas an Heart Association. ke f Sie a ena en i ah ————— Aiea ya Wim th te sic activity a daily part of Hack. It's fun to be fit...and easy! Just | -~ for 30 minutes a day. Try brisk walking, | | i io ig | | Corner & Gifts y 8 Fine 2 5 ¢ Balloons Baskets cits i Candy #22 Limited Delivery Area ity ; (919) 830-0699 Mionday - Friday 10am - 6PM Saturday 10am - Spm Located off Hwy. 33 East (3/10 Mile past Homestead Cemetery) | CONNER'S | Fal {Piagy Wag J] |! Food tion _] ____ Greenville Blvd, [Hastings Ford | [BurgerKing _| | Scotchman | Owners Frank and Pat Conner ~ Heel Sew Qui : Fooheed! Clinic 10:00 AM - 8:00 PM 201 Carolina East Mall Greenville, NC 27834 1-919-756-0044 While you Wait Shoe Repair Half Soles & Heels, Ladies Heels, Shoe Shines, Show Care Proa- ucts, Rockport Shoe at Specialist, Clothing rt i ; Alterations & Key Making pr tae Marvin & Shelley Staten Owners HATS 1% Annual Rate Percentage Yield 9% 30% L.11% Annual Rate Percentage Yield COMMUNITY MEETING To discuss Drugs & Crime in Greenville Place: Autry's Body Shop Dickinson Avenue Date: Tuesday, February 18 Time: 6:00 p.m. Food Provided! Your comments and suggestions will be taken into consideration and possibly used at the February 24. City Council discussion on Drugs and Crime City Officials will be in attendance Sponsored by: Council Member Chuck Autry and Mayor Pro-Tem Rufus Huggins 4% £..25% Annual Rate Percentage Yield When you're looking for the right investment, it pays to know what's up at ECB! For a limited time, our Wise Choice Certificates of Deposit are offering some of the highest possible rates on investments of $2,500 and above. Also, shop our bonus rates on IRAs. Stop in today for returns that * Substantial ; will keep you coming back. Penalty for Early Withdrawal. * Rates Subject to Change. * Rates Applicable to Deposits less than $100,000. SS 1920 ¢ Rates Applicable WhenYouMakePhoneCallsinYourExpandedLocalCallingArea,AreAllYourConversationsThisHurried? alt “ coat > eT why ‘ ? ; Pl ne ne + Then sign up for the Value Caller Option and take your time. As a residential customer” you'll pay a low, flat monthly rate, instead of a per minute charge for all calls in your expanded local calling area So your phone bill is the same month after month, regardless of how often you call or how long you talk. If you regularly make calls in your expanded local calling area, sign up for Value Caller. It's a great way to save more than your breath. And there's absolutely no charge to make the switch or to switch back, but only for a limited time. To sign up or for additional information, call us at 1-800-672-6242. And give yourself some breathing room. > Sprint. Here’s where it gets easier.’” ivi be Value Calor is available to residential Customers only, ©Copyright 1997 Sprint Corporation eT ¥ WON Db ROL | PENN LK OMELET NK to Individuel Greenville Offices 0 Individua 1001 Red Banks Road Investors only. 355.8200 2400 Stantonsbury Road 752-6609 MEMBER FDIC Inside Walmart Supercenter Equal Housing Lender 355-5988 AL 7 THE MENTAL HEALTH ASSOCIATION IN PITT COUNTY @ > AND TED! BEAR: CHILDREN'S ADVOCACY CENTER DIRECTED BY PEOPLEACT PRODUCTION DATES: INCLUDES DINNER DAY FEBRUARY 21, 1997 7:00PM 1997 12:00 NOON DA 1- FEBRUARY 22, OCATICON j SPRINGS CENTER 500 AARON CIRCLE GREENMILLE. NC Mi f FRIDAY EVENING $15 00 SA A $10.00 CHILDREN age 4 and cre 45 00 UGH NET STEP TED! BEAR Children s Advocacy Cente 504-B Dexter Street e tle, NG MENTAL HEALTH ASSOCIATION PITT CO preenville, NC Phone *$2-7468 AS FOR THE MENTAL HEALTH ASSOCIATION, MENTAL HEALTH ASSCCIATION STAFF AND TEO! BEAR ST arr SS a SSR ENE S Pp Beauty Supply Ar Complete Professional Nail Care AfrBrush | 562 Pamlico Plaza, Washington, NC 27889 (WalMart Shopping Center) Call for Delivery (Limited Area) For Men: Dark & Natural Texture Kit GT Texturizer Kit - Hair Tonics - After Shave Clipers - Hair - Brushes - Palm Aids and more HUMAN & SYNTHETIC HAIR! BRAIDS Sof2e BRAIDS We cater ta all hacr shin types * The Latest Styles and Trends in Braiding | , RE delle ne To The Right Place and Fx eThe D Se ele ee Re eS ce a a UR a in ne alk) ee eter ry Tt Oe wee ote in wits ‘ | wo ‘Black History Month RNecertiti led from 1379 B.C. to 1362 B.C. - . Ge Queen Nefertiti, of Egypt, was one of the most beautiful women in history. We know how beautiful she was because a statue of her still exists. The statue shows Nefertiti’s lovely face, large dark eyes, graceful neck, and her jewelled collar and headdress. This statue is famous, and a prized symbol of ancient Egypt. Queen Nefertiti was as powerful as she was beautiful. She was married to the Pharaoh Akhenaton. But she also had a great deal of power. In the temples that were built at that time, there are more pictures of Nefertiti than of Akhenaton, her husband. Where did Nefertiti get her power from? Like Akhenaton, she came from an Egyptian royal family. Since Nefertiti was of royal blood, she was also thought to be a goddess. From historic writings, we know that people sometimes prayed to her. Like her husband, Queen Nefertiti followed the religion of Aton. She also believed that the pharaohs could mix with ordinary people. Nefertiti and her husband often went together with their six daughters. Nefertiti also helped to raise Tutankhamon, a royal prince. Eventually, one of her daughters married Tutankhamon. After Akhenaton had been the pharaoh for about twelve years, he and Queen Nefertiti drifted apart. She moved into a separate palace. Nefertiti no longer appeared with Akhenaton in public as his royal wife. We do not know the reason for this change. It is possible that her noble family had begun to join with those who were against Akhenaton. Queen Nefertiti lived for several years after the death of Akhenaton. It is believed that she might have ruled Egypt for a few months because there are some drawings of Nefertiti which show her dressed as a pharaoh. Nefertiti also lived through the reign of Tutankhamon, better known as “King Tut,” and was still very powerful. Queen Nefertiti’s story tells us a lot about what royal life in ancient Egypt was really like. Even though the pharaoh was supposed to be a god, noble families like Nefertiti’s held the real power. These noble families even arranged marriages for their children in order to increase the families power and wealth. Queen Nefertiti was a woman with a great deal of wealth and power. She helped to rule Egypt not only through her husband, but also through her daughters. It is very likely that Queen Nefertiti’s name will be remembered in history because she was beautiful. More importantly, she _ was strong during a time when women weren't supposed to be. WESTERN-SOUTHERN LIFE Family Protection Savings Growth 2331 Professional Dr. ¢ Rocky Mount, NC 1-800-537-8589 Black History Month fllansa flusa 1 ruled from 1312 to 1337 = gtk 1 ~ The Kingdom of Mali was in western Africa, along the banks of the Niger River. | Thousands of years ago, Mali was one of the richest kingdoms in the world. The Emperor Mansa Musa was | Mali’s greatest ruler. Under Mansa Musa’s reign, Mali grew to be as large as western Europe. Mali grew rich because it had many natural resources, including gold and salt. The people of Mali were | also famous for making tools and weapons from iron. Mali traded iron weapons, gold, salt, kola nuts, and other goods with Ethiopia and other African kingdoms. Mansa Musa and the other rulers of Mali controlled the trade routes that criss-crossed Africa. A trade route that went from west to east, just below the Sahara Desert, was the most important. Ideas as well as goods crossed the African continent. A new religion, Islam, was adopted. Under Mansa Musa’s reign, the Kingdom of Mali became an Islamic nation. Mansa Musa made Timbuktu, the largest city in the kingdom, a world famous center for Islamic studies. Scholars came from all over Africa and Asia to study there. The city had many beautiful mosques. Mansa Musa’s respect for the Islamic religion made all of this possible. Mansa Musa was a strong and just ruler. His kingdom was very well-organized. One of the reasons for his success was that a the large number of people in his kingdom were able to read and write in Arabic. The Islamic scribes, or writers, kept records of everything that happened during Mansa Musa’s rule. Because of Mansa Musa’s scribes, we know many details about his rule. We know that he had a huge army of over 100,000 men, including a cavalry of 10,000 men. We also know that his kingdom signed many treaties and collected many taxes. It is also known that rulers, all around Mali, paid taxes to the great Emperor Mansa Musa. The most important event in Mansa Musa’s life was his pilgrimage to Mecca. This journey took place in 1324. Mecca is the holiest city of Islam. It is the desire of all Muslims to make a pilgrimage to this city. On his pilgrimage, Mansa Musa travelled with a huge caravan that had at least 10,000 people and thousand of animals, The caravan had 1(0 camels just to carry the gold that the Emperor used during for his trip. This huge group of people and animals traveled over a thousand miles to reach Cairo, the capital of Egypt. There, Mansa Musa gave gifts to all the rulers and many of the people he met. It was said that he brought so much gold into Cairo that the price of gold went down for the following ten years. From Cairo, Mansa Musa went on to Mecca and visited the holy places of Islam. He then returned to Mali. His journey attracted the attention of people in Asia and Europe. No one could imagine so much gold and fabulous wealth being carried by this African king and his caravan. Mansa Musa helped to open the eyes of the world to Africa. During his time, he was one of the most powerful men on earth. He helped to spread the religion of Islam. And he built a mighty kingdom that lasted for hundreds of years. Truly, the Emperor Mansa Musa was one of the greatest rulers of history. HEADLINE HAIR CARE PRODUCTS HAIRLOX PRODUCTS At Very Special Prices \ Come in or call us at 919-752-3462 for courteous service HEADLINES HAIR CARE PRODUCTS 3101 East 10th Street, Greenville, NC 27824 Menelik JJ ruled from 1889 to 1913 European countries. But, Menelik II helped his ancient kingdom to remain free. Menelik was born in 1844. His name at birth was Sahaba Mariem. Sahaba’s father was a prince of Shoa, a small state that was part of the Ethiopian kingdom. At the time that Sahaba was born, the kingdom of Ethiopia had been broken up into several smaller states. In 1847, Sahaba’s father became the King of Shoa. However, he was killed in a battle with the Ethiopians in 1855. The people of Shoa then chose the young Sahaba to be their new king. But Sahaba became a “king” in title only. The Ethio pian Emperor Tewodros II held all the power. Tewodros captured the young king of Shoa and took him to his palace to be raised. The Emperor even gave Sahaba his daughter in marriage. Though Tewodros treated him well, Sahaba longed to return home. His chance came on July 1, 1865. On that date, Sahib escaped and went back to Shoa. The people of Shoa welcomed him and once again crowned him their king. In time, a new emperor, John IV, came to the throne of Ethiopia. Like Tewodros, John IV also tried to conquer Shoa. John IV succeeded, but he was still afraid of the powerful Sahaba. So, John IV made an agreement with Sahaba. If he should die first, Sahaba would then be permitted to rule Ethiopia. John IV also had one of his sons marry Sahaba’s daughter. When John IV was killed in battle in 1889, Sahaba rose to the throne of the Ethiopian kingdom. The new Emperor gave himself the new name Menelik II. He wanted to remind people that he was descended from Menelik I, the son of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba. Menelik II was a very modern king for his ancient country. He brought many things to Ethiopia from the outside world. He welcomed many European people, such as missionaries and traders into his kingdom. However, he made it a point to preserve the African traditions The European country that was most interested in Ethiopia was Italy. Menelik II had signed a treaty with Italy, when he came to the throne. He had worked hard to build a strong and modern Ethiopian army. When Italy broke the treaty and invaded Ethiopia in 1895, Menelik II’s army drove the Italians back. Menelik and his troops finally defeated the Italians at the Battle of Adawa in 1896. Menelik then turned his attention to adding more land to his kingdom. He conquered lands to the south, east, and west. During his reign, Menelik II ruled over what are now parts of Somalia, Kenya, and the Sudan, In all the lands that he ruled, Menelik II built schools, hospitals, factories, and railroads. Menelik II showed that it was possible to bring modern ideas into a very ancient world. Though Menelik had very little schooling, he brought modern education to his people. He took the best that Europe had to offer and used it to develop his country. But, he kept Ethiopia free of European rule. Menelik IT was truly one of the most enlightened rulers in the history of modern Africa. J ETOME 4 BARBER & STYLING SHOP 1222 Grimesland, NC 27834 Thursday & Friday 9 - 6 Saturday 8-6 Serving You Since 1983 919 - 754-2722 Black History Month Akhenaton Ri ruled from about 1379 B.C. to 1362 B.C. At the end of the 19th century, Menelik II was the Emperor of Ethiopia. This wasa particularly difficult period for Africa. At the time, almost all the countries of Africa were under the rule of | nitinivniin & In about the year 1393 B.C., a son was born to the Pharaoh Amenhetop III and Queen Tiy. They named him Amenhetop. Prince Amenhetop was later to become better known as Akhenaton. Akhenaton changed the course of Egyptian history. He made his mark by reforming Egypt's religious laws. For thousands of years, the people of Egypt had believed in many gods. Most of their gods’ names stood for things in nature. Nut, for example, was the goddess of the sky. Thoth was the moon god. Amon-Ra, or Amen, was the sun god. Akhenaton began his rule in 1379 B.C. At first, he shared the throne with his father, and called himself Amenhetop IV, Both Amenhetop III and his son were named after the god Amen, the sun god. But the younger pharaoh believed there was only one god, who he named Aton. Aton was greater than the sun. He was the god of the whole universe. After his father died, Amenhetop IV made the religion of Aton the official religion of Egypt. He also built a new capital city and filled it with temples to honor Aton. And, at this time, he changed his own name to Akhenaton. ; The new pharaoh made it illegal to have a name that honored any other god. Temples and statutes to all other gods were removed and destroyed. His father’s name was also removed from statues because it honored another god. In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh was thought to be a god. So Akhenaton’s actions angered the people of the kingdom. The priests of the old gods were especially angry. So were many of the common people, such as the farmers who prayed to the Nile River every spring. Akhenaton’s religion was the center of his life. Every morning at sunrise, as a choir sang hymns, he and his family arose to watch the day begin. When the sun was at its highest point, there was a second ceremony, and still another ceremony at sunset. Akhenaton even wrote some of the dazzling hymns that were sung at these ceremonies. Another important part of Akhenaton’s life was his family. Akhenaton loved his beautiful wife, Queen Nefertiti, and their six daughters very much. Though the pharaohs of Egypt had seldom mixed with ordinary people before, he often appeared with his family in public. Many priests, nobles, and even common people did not approve of Akhenaton’s new ways. Unfortunately, Akhenaton was so involved in his new projects that he did not pay enough attention to ruling. During his reign, Egypt lost much of its land to other nations. And his beliefs divided the people of his kingdom. By the time Akhenaton died at the age of 31, most Egyptians had turned against him. Still, Akhenaton changed history. He challenged the power of the priests who had controlled Egypt's religion for thousands of years. He gave his people a new way to view the world. He showed the Egyptians the human side of the pharaoh. Akhenaton, armed with courage and driven by strong beliefs, showed that being a human pharaoh did not mean being weak. Firestone ABNIDGESTONE PUGHS TIRE & SERVICE CENTER, INC. DOWNTOWN SAMMY PUGH Vice-President * TIRES & ACCESSORIES * CUSTOM WHEELS * COMPLETE AUTOMOTIVE C Corner 5th & Greene St. Greenville, NC 27834 919-752-6125 _ 8=THE 'M" VOICE - = WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 12 - FEBRUARY 22, 1997 Support the Black Press Read Wine °°” Voic e icon-American istory Month THE CROSSROADS MDA — where help and hope meet. WIDFA Muscular Dystrophy Association 1-800-572-1717 NOTICE OF NONDISCRIMINATION : ville Housing Authority complies with all federal a 11, laws. The Authority does not knowingly ‘ with regard to race, color, creed, tional origin, handicap or familial piiance with 504 Program is observed. - is available for the deaf. Vie EQUAL HO -4009 USI OPPORTUN! ram Elijah J. McCoy (4843-1929) Mechanical engineer and inventor of self lubricating machine KIDS ACADEMY Salutes Black History Month Benjamin Banncker (1731-1806) Was a surveyor on the six man team which helped design ( the blueprints for Washington, D.C. Shelby J. Davidson (1869-1931) Inve Pnte d the adding machine Drew (1904-1950) yng term preservation Dr. Charles Ric hard Develope d a tet hni BONDING CO. “In Jail We Bail” of blood plasma Hlumpfrey H. Reynolds > ; . | in. | Patented an improved window ventilator for railroad cars 1798 N. Greene St. Woods (1856-1910) Granville | | d telephone transmitter tfatented au imp 7 7 4 42 4 Sarah E. Goode 5 = Patented a folding cabinet bed Toll Free i = 0) Lewis Lf. Latimer (1848 - 1928) 1 -800- f 68-11 30 Patented the first cost-ellicient method for pro- ducing carbon filaments for electric lights Staff, Miss Cogdell, Mamie Edge, Miss Tyson, Miss Elbert, Miss Clark, Doris Edward, Miss Harper. It's not just African-American History. Its American History. onalds | * we iain sia Male I Rate 15/0 Annual Percentage Yield 630% Gl" Annua Rate Percentage Yield LM Rate 45% Annual Percentage Yield When you're looking for the right investment, it pays to know what's up at ECB! For a limited time, our Wise Choice Certificates of Deposit are offering some of the highest possible rates on investments of $2,500 and above. Also, shop our bonus rates on IRAs. Stop in today for returns that * Substantial . will keep you coming back. Penalty for Early Withdrawal. * Rates Subject to Change. ¢ Rates Applicable to Deposits less than $100,000. Y, SINCE 19207 * Rates Applicable to Individual Investors only. Greenville Offices 1001 Red Banks Road 355-8200 2400 Stantonsburg Road 752-6609 Inside Walmart Supercenter 355-5988 era ¢ 5L5LGLSL5. 5. 6.515 crises : : B® Dine In Or Take Out NOW IN PLASTIC CANS. Pe POPP Peer rer rr se Je ee THE BUDGET STORE WITH i & TRUE DISCOUNT PRICES 4 Sy a We have a large selection of all-leather Name-Brand shoes, priced $3.00 to $19.00... Men’s and Ladies Shoes.. work/ dress/ and casual shoes. este eas apace You can choose from Easy Spirit, Hush Puppies, Revelations, Soft Spot, Nurse Mate, Timberland, Stacy Adams, Bostonian, Dexter, Bally, Cole Haan, (Just to name a few). We also have Stride Rite shoes for children. Use our convenient lay-a-way plan. Shop the Budget-priced store and save BIG !!! That’s the Shoe Outlet, located on the corner of Ninth and Washington Streets in Greenville. a WOOW AM WTOW AM The 66 M 9 Newspaper Coming Soon Presents the 4 th Call Today Annual MINORITY BUSINESS EXPO Friday, February 28 « Saturday, March Ist Sunday, March 2nd, 1997 Starting Daily at 94M at the NATIONAL GUARD ARMORY Hwy. 11 Greenville, NC Booths Available Vendors are welcome to display their business. ¢ Live Entertainment ¢ Voter Registration ¢ Health and Education, Sviolio lt Economic Development Application for Vendors MT & Businesses Address, on all vendors City or Town ADMISSION State & Zip. FREE WOOW & WTOW & General Public The M Voice NEwspaper Invited 919-757-0365 or 754-6418 Fax 919-757-1793 x : ] 1308 JOHN SMALL AVE. WASHINGTON CORNER SHOPPING CENTER |r ey oe es oe oe ey ef ee ere ae eo (ely ge iggy (c) ome RAe PT Re ertg nana meh gen ig THE :'M" VOICE oie, Barber Sh of The Professionals \g FULL LINE OF HAIR CARE | PRODUCTS AVAILABLE _ Carl Harris, Owner Specializing in all cuts & styles Afro Cuts ¢ Shags ¢ Brush Cuts Box Cuts ¢ Fade-Aways ¢ Relaxer 919 - 757-3412 14th & Myrtle Ave. Greenville, N.C. 27834 a ta %, ve ‘ys . m. areas ‘9 Mon. Thurs. a 8:30 am - 6:00 pm Fri. & Sat. 8: 00 am - 6: :00 pm Carl Harris * Rodney Harris * Tarry Barnes Irvin Beara ° 2 Joyner * Rod Moore ADVERTISEMENT FOR BIDS Sealed proposals will be received until 3:00 PM on Thursday, March 13, 1997 in the second floor meeting room, Pitt County Administrative Offices, 1717 W. Fifth Street, Greenville, NC, 27834 for the construction of: Addition to Pitt County Courthouse Pitt County Greenville, North Carolina at which time and place bids will be opened and read for Multi-Prime (General, Mechanical, Plumbing, and Electrical) work. A Pre-Bid Conference will be held Tuesday, March 4, 1997, 11:00 AM in Courtroom #4 (Courthouse Annex - 4th Floor), Pitt County Courthouse. All contractors are encouraged to attend. Complete plans and specifications for this project can be obtained from The East Group, PA, 324 So. Evans St., Greenville, NC, 27834 (919-758-3746) during normal office hours after Monday, February 17, 1997. They will be open for inspection in the Greenville, NC office of The East Group and in the local NC offices of the following: AGC - Carolinas Branch in Raleigh and McGee Reprographics in Greenville; F.W. Dodge Corporation in Raleigh; CMD - Carolinas Branch in Raleigh; and, EC Planning Rooms in Kinston & Graphic Source in Greenville. Pitt County has established a minimum goal of 10% participation by minority contractors for this construction contract. Plan Deposit: $150 The state reserves the unqualified right to reject any and all proposals. Signed: Mark W. Owens Jr. Chairman Pitt County Board of Commissioners 1717 W. Fifth Street Greenville, NC 278334 SALUTE TO BLACK HISTORY MONTH Do You Have a Dream of an America Without Drug Abuse? — We must not allow... any force fo make us feel ike we don't coun. Maintain a sense Of dignity and respect... rea n abuse. Live The Dream For free copies of the “Live the Dream — Say No to Alcohol and Drug Aluse” poster... Live the the gay no to alcohol and crug Display in your ..call the National Clearinghouse elmalelieleclicm enc miilceaiiren schools, churches, stores, libraries, hospitals, and workplaces! ss Cobbrale'ss Black History CHUCK AUTRY’S Body Shop 1900 Dickinson Ave. Greenville hae esi 2 es as a ae _ Making A Difference! Today, Gloria Summers is a vibrant, outgoing, attractive and hardworking, non-tradi- tional student at Pitt Com- munity College. But Gloria wasn’t always in charge of her life or was she meeting each day with a smile. There was a time when addiction to alcohol, crack and cocaine brought her to bottomless darkness. Living in New York at the time, she lost her job, her self-respect, and she Gloria Summers . name : : ahil; 1 : . aw sIna ar ale sway 5) Direct Action Programs to end discrimination; to build almost lost her children. An attempt at rehabili- Worthington have helped her along the way. eee Fe ee ae tation through a detox center failed. Then eight 6) The organization of poor workers to win Union rights address : 5 : : HW Rights at home and World Wide ’ years ago after her husband died at the age of She is proud to say she no longer receives TS ESN . . 1 . . “ a i 8) Youth and Campus Activities _. 38, she moved back to North Carolina where public housing and that her goal is to be off 9) Women’s Organizational Movement for Equality Now— city st 2p Slit has always been interested in protective ° services as she had once lived close to those youth offenders, felons, and drug addicts that she now wishes to counsel and help. Ready to graduate from the Criminal Justice: Protective Services Technology curriculum in Fall 1996, Gloria is serving her internship at the Eastern Correctional Facility in Maury. Not having the funds to go to school and support her children adequately, Gloria turned to a dedicated Greene County social worker for help and was found eligible for several pro- grams. JOBS paid for her transportation, JTPA for books and tuition, and Pell Grant for subsis- tence and Social Services for Child Care, while she pursued her education. Gloria cites the positive support of several PCC individuals in having made the difference in her educational life. Bob Everett, Yvonne George, Shelley Staton, Lora Clark and Darlene Smith- AFRICAN - Al Join SCIC now “The Struggle is NOT Over” Southern Christian'Leadership Conference 334 AUBURN AVE: N.E./P.0, BOX 89128 ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30312 Pitt County Chapter 621 Albermarle Ave. 919-758-6733 Founding President Martin Luther King, Jr Your membership will enable SCIC to promote: ‘Redeeming the Soul of America” 1) Voter Registration and Political Education 2) Citizenship Clinics and Workshops on Non-Violence 3) Housing and Community Development—Cooperative Business Projects 4) Operation Breadbasket—Creation of Job Opportunities in Private Industry a arta Aaa nea EERE yO aba “ry AN HISTORY ¢ 758-1785 President Joseph E Lowery Application Please return completed application along with your payment in envelope sclc/WOMEN 10) ‘Martin Luther King Speaks’ radio program 11) Christian Principles she was born, with her four children now ages: 20, 18, 16, and 6. welfare by January 1997. She is thrilled to have learned to drive a car just last year. But most of all (and her face glows as she speaks), she is terribly proud that her 18 year-old son, Faheem Blount is also enrolled in the Corrections Program. With a good education, Gloria firmly believes that the future will provide many open doors of opportunity for her and her children. telephone no. date purchased Receipt (please retain this for your records) Type of Membership: (check one) Being tired of her life and influenced by her children’s support, Gloria asked her God to deliver her from crack and alcohol addiction. She joined the Living Hope Ministries in Farmville where Pastors Calvin and Judy Ellison showed her the way to hope and faith. Through a family therapy program at Pitt County Mental Health Center, the family was brought closer together. In 1994 when Gloria, a single parent, turned 40, she chose to learn a profession at PCC, because she couldn't main- tain her household on the teacher’s assistant salary she was receiving by working at Chicod and Ayden Elementary schools. Koveystietaumen | ' | | [ { | | | | | | | | | | | | l OQ 200 YOUTH HANDICAPPED O 500 AT LARGE fC 1000 ACTIVE | © 2500 SUSTAINING 50 00 SILVER 100 00 GOLD 500 OO MLK LIFE OC 1,000 INSTITUTIONAL amount paid date Terry Shank Diversity Awareness Director Student Support Services DIVERSITY pe ae ee UTES bs ee In the market for a single or double wide trailer? Brother James Johnson, Sales Consultant for Ted Parker Homes located at 1105 Greenville Blvd., across from Lowes!!! or better yet you can give them a call at 321-1553 and brother James Johnson is ready and able to put you in a home today!!! “Mitchell Cannavino General Manager 919-321-1553 Fax 919-321-1335 1105Greenville Blvd. ¢ Greenville, NC 27836 rose a8 Wilber Castside Motors Greenville, ne oies4 Gese Greenville Motel) HANNIBAL - (247-183 B.C. | 4 ye | WITd ! de oc Tae CLEE WILDER THE GREAT KINGS & QUEENS OF AFRICA PORTRAITS Nmap Budweiser proudly salutes Black History Month 1997 Now you can bring the richiheritage BREANA KITTRELL with a special program celebrating the spirit and of the great Kings & Queens of Sales Manager tradition of African culture. For more than two decades Budweiser's Great Kings & Queens of Africa program has helped to cultivate a deeper appreciation to the _ impact African leaders have had on our world. This remarkable program features a series of : speciary commissions portraits-each the work of a Ty Enalce yy Sneevsqoncs Please send nan an aan va oat(a) ot oon . : Pty ' A me. 0 t gifted H can-American artist - honoring the ' ’ 29 Budweiser’s Great Kings Queens ot Africa reprints. accomplishments of great leaders throughout history. mac i Py Today, these 29 portraits have become one of the : ‘Cl Enclosed, ig $_._ Please sendme__ Great Kings and most inflyential collections of art honoring African- Queens of Africa Update packages. ' Africa series to your home Or busi- ness. Order the complete set of 29 prints at $21.50 or an update set of the 6 most recent prints (#24-29) at $10.00. 919-756-7821 919-355-3401 919-355-8813 Fax __ Budweiser is proud to support this unique program - in the hope that these powerful portraits will encourage all who see them to make their own mark on the future. :___Seuveny orrensuuecrFOMMMAMRITY CRFEN GOOD OMY INE USA Nn http:/Moudwelser.com ©1997 ANHEUSER-BUSCH, INC, BREWERS OF BUOWEISER® BEER, ST. LOUIS. MO Y ; Mail order form with check or money order payable to Great Kings & Queens Reprint Offer P.O. Box 99292, Atlanta, GA 30377-0202. OFFER EXPIRES DECEMBER 97; 1997) VOID WHERE PROHIBITED. ALLOW 6 TO 6 WEEKS FOR ' ' LJ ' ‘ ‘ ' ' ' ' ' Ll ' ' ' ' ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ' ' ' ' ‘ ' 4 pr reap culture. awe ers el Kings & Queens NAME: 08" of Alrica program has touched the lives of millions - ' ADDRESS?! | 6S! through a traveling exhibit which has educated and ' ory: Ha hoay Beeper 919-551 1605 inspired audiences in cities across America. | ot ATE: my ZIP: | Be | ; : || ie Me te J