Tutidiy, August 3, 195

An Anniversary Of Dread And Hope

facing A Fact Of LifeAnd Death

As the world is being regularly reminded, this month marks the 20th anniversary of the A-bomb*8 entry into the* lives of men.

The retrospective among us contemplate those holocausts of Hiroshima and Nagasaki under the menacing shadow of nuclear might far beyond the wildest imaginings of 20 years ago.

So much has happened in the past two decades that seers in our recent history could not have possibly visualized conditions as we know them today. The rightness and wrongness of Hiroshima is beyond the point of debate. It must be accepted as a fact, however disagreeable. The development of atomic bombs and .hydrogen bomba is likewise a fact with which we rhust live . . . unhappily aware that their .'^ecrcts are closed to none who probe them.

But with the uncertainties and dread fhat are part and parcei of todays living, there are also blessings and great dreams for the future rooted deep in the mushroom cloud that briefly hung over a city in Japan 20 years ago.

For with the knowledge of new destructive powers there was also bom knowledge of yet unrealized value in making this a better world, a richer woiid, a shining world of wonder and plenty.

Somehow, we believe, Man will muddle through* his problems of the present (only to face

A Reservoir O::

Midden idlent

new and greater problems in the future) and continue his strivings upward and onward.

Anything else would be an epitome of madness; and despite occasional follies, the aspirations of human beings far outweigh their nightmare of self-destruction.

Walls Are Closing In On Our UFO Reports

If your imagination is stirred by those reports of Unidentified Flying Objects, you are not alone.

But even the most daring dreamers must be discouraged with the passage of time and advances of knowledge in the space field.

The Air Force has checked over 9,000 reported sightings since 1947 and found explanations for all but 667.

Cameras have photographed the moon from relatively short range, and all the evidence is that our lunar friend is a very dead satellite. And, Mariner 4 has pretty well wrecked our long-held belief in canals on Mars and little green men.

Somehow, the other planets in our system just dont seem to have that habitable quality weve attributed so long to Mars; so cross them out. And imagination boggles at visitors from other systems that are light year away.

That leaves our UFOs pretty well boxed in.

Theyre either ours, or theirs, or they just dont exist.

Discouraging; isnt it?

By WINFRED t. GIHIWIN

Who arc the really txigbt young people who dont go on to coitefft

AooorOnt to a study by the National Science Foundation, M or M per cent of the gifted students who dont continue chool are girls.

A comprehensive study on student admission tnd retention recMtiy puWlabed by the Ok-lahon State Board of Regents found that a lirge percentage of college drop outs are women. These young women who are n(A beti e<focated to their full potential mresent a reservoir of untapped talent that is a serioite lots both to the state and the nation, fummariasa the report.

And a rep<Mt by the University G Wtsconstn and the Jt^n-son Foundation ^tes that women are canspiculouy un-profsi(mal ranks. In the field of education, where w(mion can help meet the great need for college t4cbers, the share of all doctoral dfrees acknow-le<^ed passports to successful academic careers awarded to women Ims declined from 17 per cent to a i^eady 10 per cent,

"Women who fall to take advantage 0 the doors now open to their sex con^tute a i*Mi failure in terms of demoora-cy." emphatically states I>r. Mary Bunting, president of RadcUffe Cdleffe and temporarily on leave to the Atomic Kneigy Commission.

She points out that a woman does not neceesjuily nRl to have a pe.ving Job or a auwer. But she should be prepsrsd to do scmething "that uses a large part of her eapabiimes and that she believes is worthwhile."

From a purely practical point <f view, there are only one or two ebanocs In ten that todays woman will not one day be In paid employment.

As Dr. Helen Edmonds, Dean

ni

mPMOB/U

Is tnnkit

of the Graduate School at North CaroUnt College at Dur-hsm, recmtly pointed out: "The age in which -We live . . .two car garages, television sets, stereos, washing machines. etc., have brought into reality the necessity to have two pay envelopes. . .the husbands and wifes.

"Any nostalgia for the myth (rf the good old ays when womans place was in the h(ne cannot change the highly industralized America of today."

As significant as these eco-nomio facts of lift is the truism that human beings, regardless of sex, "need to be using a large fraction of their capaMlities (* life doesnt seem very worthwhile, as Dr. Bunting has pointed out.

This is the idea behind a uni<iue program recently launch cd at the University cl West Virginia, where a notable list of outstanding wimen in the professions are conducting lectures, seminars mid informal d^Mttsslons on the unlimited opportunities open to the educated woman today.

More and more, sec o n d chances sure being offered to the woman who falls to enter college after high school or who hss aUowed her sklUs to grow rusty during her childbearing yesrs.

Dr. Bunting points out that American women "havent begun to realise the amount of serious study that can be done during the homemaking years." And she believes a woman engaged in study helps to in^ worthwhile values in her chiklren.

For women long absent from the wwk force, the AmeHcan Association of University Women Eduoatkmal Foundation is developing an Adult Oxinseioi' Program to offer women the combimUion of personal, educational and vocational counseling neceasary to adopting or resuming a career.

Dr. Edmonds has rscently stressed the fact that the wcan-an who graduates from college today. Irrespective of her mar-liage statua and her child bearing period. wUl spend 25 years in emi^yment away from horns.

"She need not burr her Ul-enU in chemistry, physics and mathematics fearing that she Is treading Into a world not prtHwrly shared by wMnen," she saya. "Itt her changing image, she has no Umita. She is Umited only by her ablty.

Jrateiui nrs Week Of August One

By HAL BOYLE

Of Lifes Ordeals

By JAMES MARLOW WASmNGTON (AP) - So long as man is alive on earth he can never forget two things that came, years apart, In the first week In August: An note and a flash.

Ever since he has known that if he Is stupid enou g h there will be another flash some time, not to see by but to die by.

It was years ago Monday Aug. 2, 1939 that the worlds most famous scientist, Albert Einstein, wrote a note to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, saying: It might be possible to make an at o m b 1 e bomb.

lAMBB

HABUJW

The Daily Reflector

INCORPOIIATR>

OAVIO JUUAN WHICHARa Chirmn of Th Board

Publishod Every AfterrKX>n Excapt Sunday Etfablishad 1882 JOHN S. WHICHARD-DAVID J. WHICHARD Publiihert

Entered at Foal Office, OremiylUe. N. O. aa atocmd cla mall^ mattar.

Waok 30c Wmk 35c

SUBSCRIPTION RATH By Carriar (la Towim)

By Carriaff (Motor Routat)

iy MAH, Payabla In Advaiiaa

OraenviUe Post Office, Pitt Count}, RobamooviUc, Vacoeboro, Washington and Chocowlntty.

Thrae Month* .................p-.......... t.W

Six Month* 1.................. IJIO '

Otm Tear........... iULOO

North Carolina (othr than listed above)

Three Mmths ....... t.ao

6ix Months ..................... IJO

On* roar ........ 114.00

Plu* 3% N. C. flak* Tax All Othar Outslfla North Carolina

^Three Months ...................^...... 4.S

Six Moncha ..... BOt

One Year ........ tl5,00

MEMBER ASSOCIATED PKESfl The Assoclaced Prais k exclusively entitled to use tor puhll-cation all oewa dsRuitoiies aredited to it or not otherwise credited to this paper and alao the local nawt papblisned herein. All right* of. publicatioas of special dispatcheg hare are also raaarved.

Member Audit Bureau of Clrculatioii.

All advertising copy must be received at least on* day before publication date.^

i ' ...............................................................

Than the kindly Einstein, a pacifist, added a irlghienl n g note. He said the Naxls were already at work on the project. Roosevelts response: "This requires action. It took six years to make the bomb.

Twmty years ago this week Aug. 6. 1945 a B29 superfortress flew over the Japanese city of Hiroshima at 9:15 a. m. and dropped a bomb called "Tbe Lean Boy." The city went up in flash and smoke.

President Harry S. Truman got the word that day coming badt from the Potsdam Conference on the heavy cnilser Augusta and he told a group of saUors around him: This Is the greatest thing In history.

The Japanese bumbled about surrender and on Aug. 9, 1945, another bomb, this one called "The Fat Boy, was dropped on Nagasaki. The wcnrld has never been the same since.

Nearly 80.000 people were killed In Hiroshima, 35,000 In Nagasaki. Over 70,000 were Injured in both oltles, thousands were doomed to lingering, agonizing Illness. Other thousands were missing.

The Vatican ncwswipfr LOs-servatore Romano, said "this incredible, destructive Instrument remains a temptation for posterity." And it has been ever since.

The United Nations, quickly realizing what the world was up against, in January 1946 created its Atomic Energy Commission to find some way to control wiiat had been let loose.

Six months later, on June 14, 1946, Bernard M. Banioh. U, S. representative to the commission, told It; "My fellow citizens of the world. We are here to make a choice between the quick and the dead. If we fill, then we have damned every man to be a slave of fear.

The commission failed. The Unlkd States proposed an international commission to con-trcd atomic energy with unre

stricted right to inspect all na-tl(i8 to prevent cheathig. The Russians wanted an international agreement to abandon atomic warfare, but without inspection. The race was on.

On Sept. 23, 1949, Truman announced Russias first atomic blast. To keep ahead, the United States went farther and on Nov. 1, 1952, exploded its first hydrogen device. Russia caught up with this on Aug. 21, 1953.

Both sides were busy, busy to find a better and faster way to deliver the bomb. Ibey developed intercontinental ballistic missiles, of which the United Statea has more than 750. While Russia may have fewer, it has enough to lay the United States in ruins if they reached their taii:ets.

Both went farther and endangered the world by testing in the atmosphere. They finally agreed to cut that out in 1963 and just test underground. Both have devices to b sure ^heres no cheating on that. But the worst nightmare is the spread of nuclear weapons; other nations can devel o p them and some ready have. Five big powers are In the (Continued On Page 6)

This Date-40 Years Ago Today

By JOHN G. DUNCAN August 3. 1925 COOLIDGE STARTS ON THIRD YEAR AS HEAD

NEW YORK (AP) -One of lifes little ordeals today is taking a long tntemtUional air journey in tourist or economy class.

The money you save barely covers the cost of having your friendly neighborhood osteo-ixith straighten tbe kinks out of your backtkme.

As a matter of fact, after making a round-trip economy flight oi some ^,(X)0 miles to and from Viet Nam, I have lines: replace any member of only one suggestion to the air the crew, except possibly the pilot, with a staff orthopedist or a chiropractor.

Going over wasnt so bad because I didnt know what I was up against. But I had to spend nearly three months in the war zone to get up enough courage to face the trip back.

The air line fellows who make the seating assignments must be either sadists or former sardine canners. Their goal seems always to wedge a fat man In the middle oi the three cramped seats.

Then the fun begins.

A typical row is as follows:

On the outside seat is a tall man with legs so long he trips up hostesses several times before one finally tells him he cant leave them in the aisle. So he mite one foot under the seat ahead of him and one under the seat in front of the fat man next to him.

And the passenger by the window, on the other eide of the fat man, usually is a talkative middle-aged lady who suffers from claustrophobia and is making her first flight.

She cant stand being crowd

ed and becomes nervous. Every 15 minutes she has to clamber over the fat man to go to the comfort room. After 1,000 miles her fi>iked heels hu^e scraped both his shins

Other Editors Saying The System Has Merit

BOYLE

All Supplies At College Teated In Laboratory

J. B, SpUmaii, purchas 1 n g agent and treaaurer of the East Carolina Ttachera College haa a laboratory in which he makea quqalitativt and quantitative tests and comparisons in practically all foods be buys for the college.

Advantage of Small Newspapers From an ethical standpoint It can fairly be claimed that the Country press and imall peopl* and businessmen of the city dallies have a marked advantage over the big Metropolitan newspaper.

The small papers are conducted by their owners who are personally known to the community and read in nearly every family.

The owners, editora, and publk^ers are freer to express their h(Xiest convictions than the highly commercial city press too often run by hired employees, principally to earn dividends.

(Rocky Mount Tekgram)

North Carolina has long realized its work - release system lor prisoners had a great deal of merit. Experience has shown that the system works quite well for all concerned, particularly the prisoners themselves.

Now, national recognition Is being granted to the plan. Atty. Oen. Nicholas Katzenb a c h has asked Congress to pass leglslatitm for a wcwk release system for federal prisoners patterned on the North Carolina sUte program.

Katzenback recognizes what Tar Heel leaders recognized: that the program is designed to help make first offenders last offenders. Under the North Carolina plan, a prisoner selected for the work release program goes to his outside job and back to jail with transportation furnished by the state. His pay goes to the state but he is allowed money for personal use and for family support.

Mcmey is deducted for transportation and for state and federal taxes. Savings are turned over to him when be leaves prison. Under such a plan it is <^vk>U8 the state saves money while sUU maintaining a penal ayatem. At the same time, the prisoner himself has an (Hiportunity to make himself useful, pay his own way and help support his family. More important, he keeps his job, lomething extremely vital to a convict who leaves prison.

George Randall, director of the state prison system, says

the program saved over $5.5 niillion hi operation of the prisons since 1857. Additional savings resulted from the program because tbe correctional officers work week was reduced from 72 hours to 40 h(Hirs,

A new prison hospital was completed in Raleigh from savings realized In the woi*k release and other programs. State Superior Court Judges have recommended that the work release leglslatl(m passed In 1957 be widened to include some felons and some priscmers who have served previas terms.

Here one gets on mushy ground, however. The FBI crime report recently released showed that far too many police officers were slain in 1964 and in previous years by criminals who had felcmy records or who were out on parole. If any felons or previous-r*c-ord prisoners are to be included in the work release p r o-gram, they should have rigid screening before being included.

The experience gleaned in North Carolina's work release program was used as a guide line by the Senate Judiciary subcommittee in working out the bill to create a federal work release program.

Katzenbach drew on the experience of several states in prisoner rehabilitation work In formulating the federal proposal. He was particularly impressed by the fact that North Carolina prisoners have earned $1 million toward support of their families.

3rief

"A statistician comes for> ward with the news that the life of a dollar bill is omy seven or eight months. So far one has never died on our hands." Bartow (Pla.) Herald.

"A single American today Is able to support nearly six others. By 1985, the outlook Is that one worker In this country win be supporting nine or more. Few other nations can make such statements. Miami (Fla.) Herald.

About then food Is served. The hostesses fly back and forth with trays like burdened birds. Tha theory is that is enough food Is stuffed into the passengers they will go into a coma and quit trying to move around.

HAL

By the time hlx circulation returns in his arms, the fat mans companitms have finished their meals. He wealjiy tries to cut his steak and winds up with his elbows In the neighboring plates. He Is too tired to struggle. He just leaves them there, soaking up gravy, until the hostesses ctwne to his rescue and take away the trays.

But If tourist flights are t(mgh on the paying guests, they are equally hard on the heroic, hard-working hostesses. At the end of one stage of my Journey, I told one hostess who was leaving, "I guess you girls real-, ly feel like a rest."

"Oh, our work isnt quite through yet, sir." she said brightly, "we still have to take off our shoes and press the grapes to make the champagne for the return."

Opinions In

By ROGER BAB80N Babaon Park, Mass.,.; MIL U(ms of young men are wondei> Ing what the continuing escalation of war In South Vietnam is going to mean to them per-scmallywhat Is the UkeUhood that they may be drafted. So are their parents, relatives and friends, and In many Instancei their employers. Hence, we Indicate for our readers the probabilities as well as they can be weighed at this p(^nt of crisis in Southeast Asisa.

U.S. forces are now actively Involved in the flghtng In addltl<xi to their earlier role as trainers and consultants aiu! there wUl be a steady build-up of both material and manpower In Vietnam for an hidefinlte period. Almost cer-talnbr there will be no slowdown In our shipment of troops for at least serveral months even If unexpected progress should be made toward a negotiated truce tnd a potential cease-fire. Readers can be sure of one thing: President Johnson does not want to settle for anjrthlng short of complete Independence and freedom for South Vietnam like that achieved in South Korea.

While there are reported to be about 75,000 <rf our men in Vietnam at this time, more will be needed. The Pentagon has Implied that as many as 250,000 men could be sent to Southeast Asia without our having to Increase our over-all armed forces strength of 2.6 million. But the government knows well that further esca-latiwi in Vietnam could prompt the Communist world strategists to complicate matters. They could rekindle trouble la Korea; and they could Inflame any number of festering sores In Africa, Malysia, Cuba, and Central and South America.

So It Is wisest for all concerned to prepare for the worst and count on heavier draft calls for some time to come. Up to now. the military has expressed no intention of drafting married men. New Is there any expectation that student deferments will be revoked; boys already In college can still hope to complete their education and gett heir degrees. Little has yet been said officially about business deferments; but if we should go on any sort of emergency basis, the pattern of World War n would probably be followed. This would mean by-passing those younger industr I a 1 workers considered essential to the war effort and not easily replaceable by older men. Specialists In the space program would surely be added to the list for deferment.

All inducted men are put through a regular basic and advanced training prt^ram of 12 weeks, at minimum, before they can be sent overseas. Until the .S. forces In South Vietnam extended their efforts recently from the advl s o r y field to open combat, relatively few draftees were sent over because they lacked experience and special tea c h i n g skills. However, draftees rate no separate eonsideration; they may be sent to Vietnam after what the Pentagon considers thorough preparation. So It is likely that their number will henceforth edge upward proportionately, especially If the war intensifies.

The . 8. Department of Defense reports that 58 per cent of the nations youths either are serving or have served by the time they reach 27, the age when eligibility ceases. About 30 per cent fall to meet physical, mental, or moral requirements, ^e remainder are deferred In accordance with basic draft-b(Hird regulation. The military would prefer a system that would give them the younger men flrst Instead of the older. Certainly, sine changes may be made along these lines If manpower needs have to be Increased substantially,

Ri summary: iFoung men totay face more than a 50-50 chance of military service, as either draftees, volunteers, or reservists. Even If th e r e should be a distinct Improvement In the International situation. this is undoubtedly tha (Continued On Page 6)

Mr. md Mrs. J. A. Collins and family are spending some time In Newt(X> Grove.

Others Having Troubles, Too

Mr. A. E. Hobgood, and G. R. Lanier left yesterday for Lake CHty, S.C. where they will be cm the tobacco market.

Strength For Today

EARL L. DOUGLASS USING OUR GIFTS There is a fundamental Christian beUef that everything we have btlonfs to God Almighty, and that we are therefore required to render an account to (Hir lives in the service of our Lord.

The Christian life is a ete-wardshlp, and stewardship does not Just mean giving money tO' good causes, although of course it involves that. Stewardship means the giving of oureelve# to God. Jesus once explained . stewardship in a parable by saying that It is like a householder Uklng a joufney into a far country, dividing his resources among three .servants before he left and commanding them to trade and use these sources until his return. IJu*

sourota until his return. This is Jesus graphic way of saying that life is a mighty trust, and that God Is very Inslstent and serious about the right use of what He has given.

A steward Is one who administers the goods of another. Crhristian stewardship means that we take Gods gifts of health, business, mooey, ability and position and use them all In the service of the Most High. He has made us for Himself, and (Rir happiness is only fulfilled and our powers broiht to their best when we commend all we are and havfl into His hands.

Experienoc proves that there is no variety of life which > yields greater satisfaction than a Ufe of akwarosJiUp.

By ELMER ROE88NER While many Americans are worried about dips in the stock market and eccmomic ccmse-quences of tougher combat In Viet Nam, many other count-rlea are having economic problems too.

Tbe Department of Commerces slick weekly, Tnter-natlan Commerce.'" Im publish cd a number or articles on treads abroad. Here are some Capsule summaries of nations factoig problems:

Swltaerland: The rate of boom is slackesiing; labor shortage is acute; imports from the U. S. are decreasing.

Belgium: Theres a "mild slackening of economic activity," but retail prices continue to rise.

Denmark; The countiy faces continuing balance-of-pay-ment difficulties a shortage of foreign exchange and rising io-natioo.

UNDER DE OAUU.E Prance; Economic growth will be 2i per cent this year, compared with 5 pc*- cent average in the last fU*e years. 3aoi>umer demand is slacken

ing.

Britain; Stringent measures to combat last years balance-of-paymenta deficit will mean little chance of hiertased sales of American goods there. Temporary measuras cannot bring about needed strocturml reforms oi the economy.

Yugoslavia: U.S. exporters wUl find It difficult to maintain last years level.

RLMEB

ROESSTNER

* Indonesia: Depressing commercial outlo(^ prevails as foreign exchange for Imports stays limited. (Nongovernment sources report a sharp new inflation.)

CHEERFUL OUTMKKS On the other hand, tbs out-

locdE In many countries Is encouraging:

Japan: While economic expansion is somewhat slower, Nippons growth sUll exceeds that of any other industrial nation.

Germany: The ecwvomy >n-tinues to surge ahead; prospects for more Germon purchases in tha U. S. are favorable.

Italy: The economy is showing encouraging signs erf recovery this year, although some sectors are lagging. The grOM national product 1* expected to increa^ 3 to 3.5 per cent tids year.

Brazil: Once the restrictiva effects <rf the government's stabilization program are overcome, economic growth is expected to provide expandhig markets. /

Siweden: The 1964 prosperity is expected to carry on into this year; further expansion is fSsnned.

SiHn: All signs point to continued expansion.

MIDDLING TO BRIGHT

Other nations with middling to bright pnxtfwcU are: Nor

way, Canada. Netherlands, Finland, Paraguay. Panama, Portu gal, Venezuela, Peru, Mexico. Hong Kong, Korea. Malaysia, New Zealand, Thailand, Iran, Iseral, Pakistan and Turkey.

Less than middling are United Arab Republic. Indkia, Taiwan, the Philippines, Argentina, and most of tbe new African nations. These nations have special proWesns to re-eolve. such as Taiwans cut-oil of American aid.

SHORT SIGNIFICANT BUSINESS NEWS ITMEMS A married American with two children under 16 and earning $5,000 a rear pays $290 in federal income taxes; his British equal pays $770.

World exports of unmanufactured tobacco was 1,874 mil-Ufln pounds, an increase of almost 11 per oent over 1963.

Only in South C^ota and WyuRilng did per *captta ln> come decline In 1964. Alaskas increase was largest: up 10 per cent,

India has lost its lead in the world pepper trade to Indonesia. BraxU is in ahqw.