'Difference' If Informed

By GEORGE GALLUP PRINCETON, N J. The more Americans know about the Panama Canal treaties, the more likely they are to favor Senate ratification of the pact, lending support to President Jimmy Carters thesis.

When those surveyed who have not heard or read about the debate over the treaties (26 per cent) are given a brief description of the pact and are askal to vote on it, they vote it down by nearly a 2-to-l margin (39 to 23 per cent with 38 per cent undecided).

However, when the results are limited to just those who have heard or read about the debate (74 per cent), opinion Is more closely divided, with 48 per cent opposed, 40 per cent in favor, with 12 per cent undecided.

Finally, the views of the better informed were measured. The Informed are defined as those who can correctly answer three questions dealing with key facts about the pact: the year the canal is to be turned over to the Republic of Panama, whether or not the U.S. has the right to defend the canal against third-nation attacks, and whether or not the biggest U.S. aircraft carriers and supertankers are able to use the canal.

The vote among this better informed group (i.e. the one person in 14 who can answer all three questions correctly) is 5-to-4 In favor of the treaties.

To determine current attitudes on the Panama pact, as well as the relationship between knowledge and attitudes, a series of questions were asked in the latest nationwide Gallup Poll. Following Is the key question asked of everyone inthe sample: The treaties would give Panama full control over the Panama Canal and the Canal Zone by the year 2000, but the United States would retain the right to defend the canal against a third nation. Do you favor or oppose these treaties between the U.S. and Panama?

Here are the results based on varying levels of awareness and knowledge:

I Those Not Aware Of Treaties

Favor 23%

Oppose 39

No opinion 38

Those Aware Of Treaties Favor 40%

Oppose 48

No (q)inion 12

The Better Informed

Favor 51%

Oppose 46

No opinion 3

* Results subject to wide sampling fluctuation due to small number of cases.

Lack Of Information Is Widespread The current survey reveals a serious lack of knowledge about the key facts of the Panama treaties, with about four in 10 Americans aware that the U.S. has the right to defend the canal, only about one in four aware that the canal is to be turned over in the year 2000 and only about one in seven aware that aircraft carriers and supertankers cannot use the canal.

Here are the responses (based on total sample) to the three questions dealing with facts about the treaties:

As far as you know, in what year is the Panama Canal to be turned over completely to the Republic of Panama, by terms of the treaties? (Correct answers: 1999 and 2000.)

Correct 26%

Incorrect/

Dont Know Not Heard/Read 74 As far as you know, will the United States have the right to defend the Panama Canal against third-nation attacks after Panama takes full control? (Correct answer: yes.)

Correct 43%

Incorrect/

Dont Know Not Heard/Read 57 To the best of your knowledge, how much do the biggest U.S. aircraft carriers and supertankers now use the Panama Canal a great deal, quite a lot, not very much, or not at all? (Correct answer: not at all.)

Correct 14%

Incorrect/

Dont Know

Not Heard/Read 86

Heathcote Col...

A Consrvotivo ViowtteMiri

Continued from page A-i)

gilded cherubs gase Impassively down on the strange noonday scene.

Nobody thinks it strange all life is challenge and response, said the vicar, the Rev. Geoffrey C. Harding, an Anglican clergyman who introduced the cope-with-stress sessions as an addition to his weekly lectures on Relax and Meditate.

We get all kinds coming in, from assistant general managers to tea ladies, Harding, 67, said in an Interview. We dont charge anything. There is an offering plate at the door.

After one half-hour session, Jerry Palmer, 42, who works in the clearing dqiartment of a bank, said he took part because Im just at the beginning of the stress age. I used to feel tired at the end of every day after rushing about. My wife seemed to be in charge of me. After coming here I find I have no fear of anybody and Im in complete control at work and at home.

As one of the recumbent 15 men and eight women on the church floor. Palmer heard Miss Mitchell intone: OnlyPublic Forum

Letters to the editor must consist of 300 or fewer words. Please include a pbone number or numbers for easier confirmation by our staff.

TotbeedlhH*:

I think that your article America Goes Full Circle With Allan Bakke was a bit too conservative and controversial to not be printed parallel with a liberal viewpoint. KUpatricks article should at least have a statement clearly explaining this was only his opinion. The article was in the Oct. 9 issue.

A great amount of time and thought have gone Into the decision to have special quotas for minorities. Other attempts have been tried, but this system is the only present solution that works well. To alleviate this problem of the quota system for minorities, then all students must be assured the opportunities early in life so they can devel(^ their talents to be just as competitive as the majority.

Eddie Louis Smith UNC,ChapdHill

Judiciary Seen As 'Most Dangerous Branch'

By JAMES J. mPATRlCK

Now and then a book comes along, so stunning In its impact upon society that it finds its own piaM In the political and social history of a period. Such a book has just come to hand. It is Raoul Beils Government by Judiciary .

In bell-like tones that ring with a scholars authority, Berger exposes and denounces the trend toward judicial usurpation of political power. He charges the Warren Court with effectively amending the Constitution in the school segregation and reapportionment cases. He concludes with a fervent plea for a turning back to old principles of judicial restraint.

In one sense, there Is nothing much here that is new. Twenty years ago, at the peak of controversy over Brown v. Board of Education, hundreds of Southern lawyers, scores of Southern editors, and even one Southern justice, James Byrnes of South Carolina, said very much

the same things. Dozens of pampbets appeared, expounding the intention of the framers of the Fourteenth Amendment. In 1957.1 myself wrote a book. The Sovereign States." arguing the very case that Berger argues now.

Our Dixie fulmtnattons fell upon deaf ears. In those days it was automatically assumed that any Southerner who attacked the Court was not truly opposed to usurpation of power; he was opposed only to integration of schools.

No such taint attaches to Berger. Bom In Ru-ssia In 1901, he came to the United States and was naturalized as a child He took up the study of the violin with such skill that in his twenties he soloed with the Cleveland Orchestra and became assistant concertmaster in Cincinnati. Then he turned to the law and fashioned a brilliant second career in both federal service and private practice. In 1970, he went to Harvard as a Senior

Potter Doris Blue Can Look Back A Long Way

three of you have open eyes. I have not told you to close them your bodies are receiving so much relaxation that they have gone ahead of me.

Miss Mitchell, a gray-haired Scotswoman, said that she worked out her method of light physical exercises, most of which can be done at any time, after standard treatments failed for her when she collapsed in 1957 with neck and limb pains.

I started by doing the opposite movement in each joint to counteract muscle tension and the relief was enormous, she said. I taught my technique first to antenatal mothers, who said it greatly helped them in labor pains.

The vicar, whose 250-year-old church is on Lombard Street in the heart of London's banking and financial district, said his father was a doctor and his mother a nurse. I have always been interested in the sick and in healing, he explained. We lose 330 million working days every year in Britain through ill health, and two million adults need tranquilizers or other pills to keep going.

ROCK HILL, S.C. - Her hands, like the hands of a musician, know where they are going. As the pale lump of clay rotates between them, a bowl is hollowed out in its soft center. She lifts this to the light to judge balance and proportion, then lays it aside. She scoops fresh clay from the large chunk in the plastic bag and begins to roll the first coil to build the sides.

Catawba Indian girls usually start working with clay when theyre four or five years old, Doris Blue says. I learned from my mother; the first piece of pottery I made that I kept, I must have been about 15 years old.

She is 71 now. Generations ago the ancestors of the Catawbas, living near what is now Rock Hill, South Carolina, made pottery using these same methods of hand-building and open-pit firing. The clay was dug usually by the men, from the same sites along the bank of the Catawba River that are the source today; their location is still considered a tribal secret.

"We have two kinds of clay, Mrs. Blue explains. We have what we call pipe clay, a real stiff clay; by

Cunniff Col. ...

(Continued vm pageA-4)

Prof. Charles Killing-sworth, Michigan State Uy Tassity authority and chairman of the National Manpower Policy Task Force, argues that a change in concept omits many who once were counted as jobless.

Shiskin himself recently called the sudden rise in black unemployment during August of dubious authenticity, weeks after many a learned and concerned comment was based on the numbers.

Shiskin also concedes there have been problems with seasonal adjusting, in which the raw figures are changed to eliminate purely temporary factors. Many other critics harshly denounce the seasonal formula as a contrivance.

What is the jobless rate? It depends on what you mean. It depends on how you measure it. It depends on how you use it. It depends on the interpretation.

It depends ...but the law being considered by President Carter has no dependency clause.

itself you can make pipes and smaller pieces. But to make larger pieces, eight or 10 inches tall, it has to be mixed with another kind of clay calledpan clay.

Mrs. Blue prefers making smaller pieces: wedding jugs, three-legged gypsy pots, peace pipes and delicate Rebekkah pitchers. One of her loveliest designs is seen in the pots decorated with the coiling snake. Its markings are made with a buttonhook. Another typical Catawba decoration is the Indian head with feathered bonnet. Clay molds for pipes and decorations are often passed down through the generations. Mrs. Blue has a shoebox of molds Indian head, tomahawk, chicken comb, arrowhead inherited from her great-great grandmother.

After she melds the coils of clay together and lets them dry a little, Mrs. Blue adds

Evans-Novak...

(Continued from page A-4)

thought he favored deregulation and only 16 believed he opposed it. This astonishingly fuzzy perception can perhaps be explained partly by candidate Carters support for deregulation.

The Presidents reduced status here has no apparent connection with Bert Lance. Of 32 voters who had followed the case, an overwhelming majority applauded the President for letting Lance quit gracefully.

Mr. Carters mistake in Mesquite is not Lance but Panama, with voters opposing the treaties nearly 2-to-l. The canal question was volunteered by seven voters as Mr. Carters worst act as President; no other issue was mentioned negatively by more than two voters.

Jimmy Carter's status in Precinct 267 emerges clearly in the attitude of one 1976 Ford voter who supports Mr. Carter today. I guess I've been satisfied with Carter so far at least trying, the young wife of a customer service operator told us. But she could think of no action by Carter she liked, opposes his energy plan and denounces the Panama Canal treaties in Reaganesque language: I feel we built it; its ours after all these years we took care of it. How long such voters will continue to support the President seems highly doubtful.

separate sections like handles and decorations.

"We pul all the pottery in a pan and put it in a stove where we can regulate the heat. I increase mine til my oven is 500 degrees. Then Ill go and make a fire just out on the ground. Thats the way the first Indians made it. When the wood is burned down to coals. I take my pottery obt there and lay it on the coals and then pile wood on it And Ill burn it that way. Ill pile one pile of wood on it after another, for about two hours The pottery is red when you get through, just like a piece of metal is when you have it in the fire.

If you want it spotted or dark, throw a bucket of chips or pine bark on it. If you want it just left maybe gray or light-colored or orange, just let the fire go out. Theres no clay like ours, so Catawba pottery is mostly recognized by the clay, the coloring.

Doris Blue believes in her art and its commercial survival. In 1975-76 she participated in a slate-wide touring exhibition of Catawba pottery sponsored by the South Carolina Arts Commission.

The Arts Commissions Crafts Development Program is now working with Mrs. Blue and other Catawba potters to aid them in publicity and marketing. Presently she fills orders for her pottery directly from her home.

Looking out from the porch of her small, pink-shingled house at the colorful clay and pine forests of the Catawba Reservation, Doris Blue muses on the experiences of the tribe during her lifetime. We had a pottery demonstration show here at Win-throp College back in May, and I went up to demonstrate pottery making, and I remarked to one of the ladies there, 1 said, Well, weve come a long way, like that (TV) commercial. When I was small, we werent allowed to come but a certain distance into the campus, just inside of the gate, and sell pottery. Now we are inside the building, so we had come a long ways in about 50 years.

-WENDY SALINGER Craft Developmoit Program South Carolina Arta Commission Chariestoa, S.C.

FACING SOUTH welcomes readers comments and writers contributions. Write P.O. Box 230, Chapel Hill, NC. 27514.

Feliow bi American legal history. He gained national attention in 1974 as a leading authority on presidential Impeachment.

Government by Judlciaty" crowns Prolesaor Bergers distinguished career. It is not the easiest reading of the autumn. Freighted with 1.600 footnotes, the text does not race, but rather chugs to its inevitable conclusion. The railroad metaphor is not bad. Bergers thesis cannot be sidetracked: he gathers momentum as he goes along; and his sdiolarshtp packs the massive authority of a locomotive.

Berger Is not the first legal historian to sift the dri>ates of the 39th Congress, searching for the meaning of the Reconstractlon Amendments, but his meticulaus examination of the evidence stands in a class by itself. Neither is he the first law professor to emphasize the Importance M determining the Intention of the framers" A century ago, Thomas Mclntrye ' Cooley of Michigan termed intention the very polestar of constitutional construction.

Berger's gift is to bring It all together. He finds no trace of an Intention in the records of the 39lh Congress to Indicate that the Fourteenth Amendment was Intended to encroach tgion state control of schools and suffrage. Members of the Warren majority, in his view, simply imposed

their own noUSM of decency and fairnMs upon the Const it utnn Earl Warren himseif did not merely shape the law: He upended It: he revised the Fourteenth Amendment to mean exactly the oppoeUe of what tts framers destetad it to mean

"When the judiciary substitutes its own value choices for those M the people. ays Berger, H subveiis the Constitution by usurpation of power He poses s sobering question: How long can public respect for the Court, on which Its power ultimately depends, survive If the people become aware that the tribunal which condemns the acts of others a unconstitutional is itself acting unconstitutionaUy ? it Is too late. Berger concedes, to roll back the segregation decisions. That Is more than the courts should undertake and more. I believe, than the American people would desire. But be pleads (or a fresh start: The judges might b^bi by curbing their reach lor still more policymaking power

1 assert the right. says Berger, to look at the Constitution itself, stripped of judicial incrustations, as the index of constitutional law and to affirm that the Stpreme Court has no authority to substitute an "unwritten Constitution for the written Constitution the Founders gave us and the people ratified.

LIKE MARY'S LITTLE LAMB!

By GAIL Michaels;

Back To Cinder Blocks And Unsanded Boards

My husband is many things; hes a hard worker, a wonderful father, and a regular nice guy. But he is not a carpenter.

Unfortunately, he thinks he is. Not long after we were married, he bought $200 worth of lumber and bragged, Just wait till you see the desks Im going to build us. They are going to fit our needs perfectly plenty of shelf space, plenty of work space, plenty of everything.

Are you sure you know what youre doing? I asked. With $200 we could buy some nice furniture from a store. (That goes to show how long ago this was.)

"Sure I know what Im doing, he scoffed. I had a woodworking course in high school, didnt 1? You wont be able to find anything like the beauties Im going to build in a store! These will be like nothing youve ever seen before.

And they werent. They were incredible. They looked like something George Montgomery might have made

blindfolded. My desk was sot feet tallor 5 and 12 feet tall, depending on whether you were looking at the ends or the middle - with 2X4 legs reinforced with 2X4s nailed from leg to leg at 75 degree angles. On his desk he ran out of 2X4s. so he finished it up

''' J)

with lX3s. But the desks were functional, so as long as they were hidden away in the extra bedrooms-studies of the places we rented, I didnt say anything.

However, after two years of living with them in public view on the lower floor of our condominium. I could hold my peace no longer.

Sweetheart," I said. Dont you think its time we started thinking about buying some REAL furniture to replace those desks?

What do you mean by real furniture? he growled.

Something that fits a little better with our decor.

What could fit better? These desks are me, Granted youre not perfect, but you are NOT scrap lumber

He stroked his desk protectively. Isnt that a little harsh? 1 mean, what happened to the girl I married who was satisfied with cinder blocks and unsanded boards?

The same thing that happened to the boy 1 married who said he believed that men and women should share the housework 50-50.

He choked, then said. Well, just assuming Im willing to negotiate and remember that we are scraping along on one income what kind of furniture could we possibly buy to fit our decor AND our budget that would be better than these magnificent creations?

I thought for a minute. How atout cinder blocks and unsanded boards?"

Autumn Is The Habitable Season On Potomac

By ARNOLD SAWISLAK UPI Sailor Editor WASHINGTON (UPI) -Autumn is the habitable season in Washington.

The summer humidity, thick as nine-day-old noodle soup, lifts. The cool high pressure systems sweep in from the west, ending the swampy weather in which bureaucrats suits wilt into damp wrinkles and the crispest frock clings like wet tissue paper.

Washington seldom gets an autumn display of turning leaves. To see Uiat, nostalgic northerners have to drive west to the Blue Ridge, where they also can stop at rickety roadside stands to pick up bushels of the tangy apples coming in from the mountainside orchards.

Southerners appear puzzled by this love affair with the fall and complain about the cool nights, which leave rivulets of dew on their windshields in the morning, and in the suburbs, a rind of frost on the patio bricks. The folks who came north with Jimmy Carter huddle at home and scare each other with stories about driving in snow.

The summertime weekend migration of the middle class across Chesapeake Bay to the ocean beaches of Delaware and Maryland just about ends with the start of school. Those who relish the crash of surf and the sight of clean sand occupied only by sea birds now make their move to the solitude of the shore.

Deep in the city, poor folk

no longer perch on doorsteps every evening hewing for a cool breeze.'The streets, tree lined in the meanest of Washington neighborhoods, are quieter now and the flicker of the fall television programs lights the windows. Along 14th Street, the hookers change from hotpants and halters to plastic boots and rabbitskin jackets.

In the afternoons, small black kids decked out in large football helmets and shoulder pads, strut the sidewalks and the asphalt playgrounds are crowded with wild jumping, arm flailing pickup basketball games.

Restaurateurs start retreating from the sidewalks, where dozens set up tables and umbrellas last spring. Some, knowing there

still are some fine warm afternoons ahead, leave the parajAernelia in place until winter can no longer be denied. The formal downtown parks LaFayette, Farragut and McPherson squares remain p<^ar (or brown bag lunching, but the benches rather than the grass become more popular for the noontime picnics.

The citys new subway expanded into the Virginia suburbs last summer. It was a fascinating toy at first, but as the new equipment and new personnel struggle to remove the Inevitable bugs of a new system, gripes mount and office workers vie to describe the worst commuting experience.

Thousands of people who had ridden hundreds of buses

into the downtown area now find themselves dumped off at subway stations in parts of the city they had never seen before. Police begin restricting commuter parking in neighborhoods like Georgetown and Capitol Hill. Suburban dismay rises.

The city, with three quarters of a million residents, and the suburbs of Maryland and Virginia, which ring it with beds for more than two million, live together uneasily. City politicians make themselves popular with demands for a commuter tax and more parking restrictions. Suburban officials complain about crime and poverty washing across their borders.

This year, city and suburb

found a common bond: water. Virginia householders were placed under tough water conservation restrictions when the big Occoquan Reservoir began drying up. City folk had all the water they wanted, but were shocked when the municipal bureaucrats in charge of supplying it announced they had been undercharging homeowners and presoited a number of them with back bilis in the hundreds of dollars.

Still, there is a happier link for city dwellers and suburbanites. A city deprived robbed of two major league baseball teams in 15 years focuses on its professional football team, which continues to kmtBoedoB page A-*)