4The Dally Reflector. Greenville, N.C.Friday, October 10, 1OT5

Sanford Campaign Looks Shakey

ETERNAL TRIANGLE!

Are there cracks in the Terry Sanford presidential campaign?

The former North Carolina governors campaign manager resigned this week.

Philip Hoff, former Vermont governor, who was heading the Sanford campaign, said he was quitting to return to the practice of law because his funds had run out. Hoff will continue to campaign for Sanford, but not in an official capacity.

Sanford, who is now president of Duke University, as quick to issue a statement that his campaign was not shaky. The campaign is not going imder and will not go under, he said. The organizational and financial structure looks the most promising it has looked since my announcement.

The candidate said he plans to named a finance chairman and discuss efforts to qualify for federal campaign funds.

Sanford said plans are broadening and new people are coming aboard.

THIS AFTERNOON

Nevertheless there were some questions raised about the Sanford campaign when his campaign manager resigned. Running a presidential campaign is quite expensive and there have been those who have wondered if Sanford could raise the money to carry it on.

There may be indications that the money is not coming in as well as it should, even though Sanford has gained some attention outside the state as a man capable of making a race for the presidency.

Certainly Sanford has obtained considrable administrative training while serving as governor and as president of Duke University. But it takes more than that to convince the people who will contribute the money to keep his campaign going. They must be inade to believe that he does have a chance to win.

Sanford might do well to reveal the financial status of his campaign and without a doubt he needs a live wire fund raiser to keep the needed contributions coming in. \

No Answer To CrimeRate?

By BILL NOBLITT RALEIGH Despite the best efforts of better trained, better educated, more highly paid law officers, and the attention of state and national leaders, crime continues to run rampant.

Statistics released last week prove no slowdown in crime; only*more of it, almost everywhere in North Carolina.

There is, surely, no single solution to such a complex problem, but at last some of the experts in a position to influence things are beginning to talk sense.

They are turning away from the popular themes of recent yearsthat society and deprivation forced people into criminal acts, and that diagnosis of the ill, treatment, and understanding will bring about a cure.

New Theme In two words. Severity and Certainty are becoming the theme in fighting crime. A criminal certain of being caught, convinced and sentenced to a severe prison term has only himself to blame.

Popular, today are such things as indeterminate

Bicentennial Special

sentences in which the criminal is jailed until rehabilitated, plea bargaining between defense and prosecution to clear dockets, psychological programs to cure the criminal, early releases and paroles from prison for behaving well and taking part in educational or vocational training programs.

Justification for such approaches, says Stevens H. Clarke, correctional law faculty member of the Institute of Government at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, has been that we know how to treat the subject. That has had the props kicked out from under it.

Clarke can cite study after studyCalifornia, Illinois, New York, national ones which show that some individuals are helped and reformed by the prison experience, some are harmed by prison and the contact with other criminals, some are hurt by the depreviation of love and affection.. .but as a group, these conclusions do not hold true.

Rehabilitation is only one way of reducing crime, and it

has been proven to be a not very effective way at that .. .but research shows that as the possibility of being caught and punished increases, the crime rate goes down.

Prison, in sum, can serve three purposes, Clarke explained to the Legislative Commission on Crrectional Programs at a recent session: it can rehabilitate; it can deter from crime by punishing; it can separate the criminal from society and keep him from doing harm.

No Fairness / Length of time spend in prison and rehabilitation programs have little effect on recidivism, Clarke says. He thinks the basic philosophy of parole needs re-examination, and flexible sentencing has led to abuse by both judges and prison officials to the degree that there is no longer fairness to the criminal.

Clarke stopped short of giving the commission his own ideas for a solution, but suggests, that, Old-fashioned deterrence does have an effect on the crime rate.

As the commission, chaired by Charlotte Attorney Eddie Knox, held its organizational

meeting. State Rep. Herbert L. Hyde briefly presented for argument the proposition that four steps would go a long way toward reducing crime and setting the right direction for courts and prisons: Put the judge in charge of plea-bargaining and make it part of the regular court process; place a 30-day sentence limit on victimless crimes such as bad checks, non-support; drunkenness; revise all criminal sentences to establish certain punishment of set lengths; and abolish the entire paroles system, but keep the work release program.

The Commission on Correctional Programs replaces an earlier commission on Sentencing, Criminal Punishment, and Rehabilitation.

The General Assembly established the commission to develop a longrange policy on the states prison system which could effectively revamp sentencing procedures, prison programs, and the philosophy of the states prison system down to architectural plans for prisons.

The Ship With Tradition

EDITORS NOTE Today she lives out her long life at the Boston Navy Yard, still in commission; a permanent exhibit for the people^ of the UnitedStates and a reminder of the nations rich naval heritage.

By EDMUND PINTO Associated Press Writer The stories they tell about Old Ironsides still stir the imagination with visions of a young nation struggling to survive The pirates of Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli, and the ships 0 the great British navy these were the adversaries of the USS Con-stitutioa Her men were jaunty, bold sailors who engaged the 49-gun frigate, HMS Guerriere, in the War of 1812 and, after a 30-minute battle, forced their British adversaries to surrender.

For a sea battle, it was one of the shortest in history, but its results have lingered on for 200 years: the Con

stitution earned its famous nickname, Old Ironsides, in this battle and the United States won a reputation as a

first-class naval power.

She wasnt around at the birth of the natioa She joined the family more than21 years after independence was declared, but in American folklore the name USS Constitution is firmly implanted in the exploits of those early years.

Construction was authorized by Congress in 1794 after an outbreak of war between England and France that saw both interfere with neutral U.S. shipping. To fashion her into the biggest frigate of her time, the craftsmen who built her had her timbers cut from live oak, red cedar, white oak, pitch pine and locust taken from forests from Maine to Georgia.

They laid her keel at Hartfs shipyard in Boston, near where she is tied up today at Constitution Wharf. The Constitution was held together with spokes and copper bolts supplied by Paul Revere

Truly she was a national ship.

She was launched 178 years ago this fall and while she won her fame as Old

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Ironsides in her victory over the Guerriere, it was her successes over the Barbary pirates that began her reputation as a fighting ship.

The Constitution was not yet four years old, untested in major combat, when the Bashaw of Tripoli cut down the flagstaff at the American consulate on May 10, 1801, declaring war on America. He hoped to increase the tribute America was paying him, but the infant nation sent warships instead.

The Constitution sailed from Boston as the flagship of Commodore Edward Prebles Mediterranean fleet The American warships arrived in Gibraltar on Sept 12, 1803, and almost immediately disaster struck. The frigate Philadelphia went aground and was captured by enemy gunboats.

The story of the daring raid, planned aboard the Constitution, to wrest this prize from pirate grasp is well known in U.S. history. It is the story of the bravery of Lt Steven Decatur and 74 officers and men who slipped into Tripoli harbor at night aboard a captured enemy ketch, the Mastico, renamed Intrepid.

Through a ruse, the American seamen gained the decks of the Philadephia with cutlasses flashing before the pirates could organize resistance. Decatur completed his mission in 15 minutes, recapturing the ship and setting it afire, for there

was no way to sail it from the enemy harbor.

With the ship ablaze and the entire harbor and its defenses alerted, Decatur regained Intrepid and somehow sailed from the grasp of the angry pirates. Not a single American life was lost

From Tripoli to Tunis to Algiers, the events set in motion by Decaturs raid and carried out by naval battle and blockade led by the Constitution freed America from the shackles of corsair extortion and planted the tradition of freedom of the seas for American merchant vessels.

That tradition was to be tested in the last great war with England, the War of 1812, where the Constitution again proved her mettle, to the surprise of English naval officers. They had believed that the Constitution and others of her class were too heavy and too clumsily constructed to outmaneuver British men of war.

In the beginning, the United N States outfitted 17 warships, including the Constitution, against more than 1,000 British ships.

Before her pivotal battle with the Guerriere, the Constitution was forced to prove herself over and over. The two frigates finally met off the Nova Scotia coast on Aug. 19, 1812. An artists rendition of the fight, done from eyewitness accounts, shows the American seamen (Continued on page .5)

Strength For Today

DEBT

In these days when we are told by economists that over-saving leads to depression, when we are urged to spend by government and by business handing out rebates and credits, it is easy to forget that debt can become a very unpleasant master. The British statesman Disraeli once said that debt has a small beginning but a giants growth and strength.

Debt can be a special type of poverty. We buy with borrowed money things which we really do not need.

Then when the realization comes uponr us that we must pay for something we no longer take satisfaction in owning, we are more poverty-stricken that if we had never made the purchase.

The Greeks used to say that debt turned free men into slaves. Every person who goes into debt to buy things he or she does not need has incarcerated himself in a prison like the debtors jprisons of old. It is better to go to bed without supper, said Benjamin Franklin, than to rise in debt.

By Elisha Douglass

ByARTBUCHWALD

No Defense For Beame

WASHINGTON-Mr. President, are you ready for this mornings briefing? Yes, Henry, go ahead. Congress has just passed a bill making it possible for us to give arms to Turkey. Good. How much do you think we should give them? Maybe $500 million to start with. Those bases mean a lot tolus.

Its a steal.

Weve just made a deal with Spain for air and naval bases over the next five years.

Thats nice. What will it cost us?

I would say between six and seven'hundred and fifty million dollars over the next five years. They wanted $2 billion in military aid, but we put our foot down.

Im glad you did. We cant throw money around.

We hope to get the $2 billion for Israel and the $750 million for Egypt before the end of the congressional session.

I should think so. Were getting a little resistance on the defense budget from Congress. We asked for $120 billion, but the House only wants to give us

Other Editors Say Punishment Best

(The Wilson Times)

Because of the growing crime rate there is also increasing concern as to the most effective way to handle those who get caught and who are sent to prison.

There was a time when the rehabilitation of prisoners, through parole and other so-called soft measures, was tried and these programs h^ve failed, for it is now admitted that you cannot force psychWgical change on a man who doesnt want to change.

So you are back to the real issue and tWs is that the fear of punishment is the best deterrent to crime. If a man goes into prison he will think twice, if and when he gets out of prison, before he commits another crime, that is unless he is a hardened criminal who knows no other life.

Yes, prisons are for punishment, and coming under attack are the courts, the sentencing procedures, plea-bargaining sessions, behind closed doors, and judges who have the discretion to let one man off while jailing another.

Superior Court Judge Frank W. Snepp thinks there are two major areas of concern in the courts and these are plea-bargaining and discretionary sentences. In plea bargaining the defense attorney and the district attorney privately agree to a guilty plea, generally to a charge lesser than the one faced by the defendant The purpose is to speed the system and clear the docket

Judge Snepp does not approve of giving judges the power to choose sentences. Some men go free from the same crime that others get 20 years in prison for committing. He says there is no justice in a system based upon the personalities and prejudices of judges and other court officials.

On the other side of the question, he thinks length of terms should not be subject to the whims and dislikes of supervisors and participation in rehabilitation programs should be voluntary.

In other words, the prisons are for punishment and when this is realized and a man sentenced, and he knows there is no way to reduce the sentence, he may consider if the crime is worth the punishment.

It is time to try a different method in the fight to reduce crime, for it is growing all the while and increasing rapidly in the South where many of our young people are involved.

$111 billion.

Dammit, dont they realize such reductions are a sure way to make us No. 2 in a world where only No. 1 counts?

I warned them about that, sir, but you know how they are on The Hill. They never think about being No. 1. Im going to have to go out to some more Republican fund-raising dinners and warn the American people that Congress is playing fast and loose with national security.

I think you should, sir. The people want to see you, and they want to hear what youre up against.

What else do you have to tell me?

The Treasury revised the U.S. deficit figures from $60 billion to $70 billion and possibly $90 billion at the rate were borrowing money. Well, it cant be helped. We need a strong economy, and we cant do it with a balanced budget.

Theres one. pore thing. Mayor Beame is in the outer office to see you about a loan for New York City.

Thats ridiculous! How does he expect the United States to loan him any money?

Hes offering you U.S. air and naval bases. He claims his are better than the ones we have in Turkey and Spain. He says hell give you the Brooklyn Navy Yard, La Guardia Field and Staten Island on a long-term lease. Thats outrageous! Were not going to finance Beame just because he has military bases we need.

He also said he is willing to pull his troops back from the George Washington Bridge and out of the Lincoln Tunnel in exchange for $2 billion in aid.

Beame thinks he can get out of his fiscal problems by scaring us with war with New Jersey. But it isnt going to work. If he gets away with it, well be blackmailed by every mayor in America. Exactly my feelings, sir. We cant play sugar daddy for every bankrupt city in the V Continued on page 5)

Indians

Worst

Victiiyis

By DAN HALL Associated Press Writer

WINDSOR LOCKS, Conn. (AP) In the past, smallpox nearly wiped out the American Indian, now alcoholism is threatening to do what smallpox couldnt, says A1 Pooley.

Its at epidemic levels, said Pooley, training coordinator for the American Indian Commission on Alcoholism and Drug Abuse in Arvada, Colo.

Alcoholism is the No. 1 problem among Indians in both urban areas and reservations, said John Ginnish, a recovering alcoholic from Boston who will head a new regional alcoholism council for Indians.

The council was organized at a meeting on Indian alcoholism that Pooley, Ginnish and about 30 other authorities on Indian alcoholism attended this week.

Those at the meeting said the problem of alcoholism is five times worse among Indians than non-Indians in this country. Nearly all Indians are affected directly or indirectly by alcoholism, compared with one of every four non-Indians, they say.

Pooley said the Indians problems with liquor began when greedy white people gave it to Indians to weaken them and make it easy to get Indian land cheaply. In the process, Indians got the reputation of not being able to hold their liquor.

I think thats been a tactic to keep someone down, Pooley said, adding that he had not been able to find scientific proof to support the claim than Indians are any less able than whites to hold their liquor.

Not everyone at the workshop was in full agreement with the consensus that alcoholism is the American Indians chief problem.

Its just a symptom, said Larry Green, another Six Nations Indian now attending the University of Buffalo.

He said the high rate of alcoholism throughout North America reflects a social imbalance caused by' peoples disrespect for mother earth and family relationships, which the Indian culture cherishes.

Wrenching the Indian from his or her culture further encourages alcoholism among that group, he added.

Its always been a problem lor us, he said. Now its a problem for you, too.

40 Years Ago Toiday

October 10,1935 The price situation on the Greenville tobacco market was better yesterday, though the offerings were much lighter. The days total sale ran less than half a million pounds.

The days average price was $23.51 per hundred pounds or 60 cents above the day before.

Offerings were light again today with early sales indicating a continued rise in prices. Heavier sales were looked for again tomorrow, as well as better prices. In past years, October has always been considered the best month to market tobacco and warehousemen and growers expressed hope that this months activities on the market would bring the seasons price average close to the parity figure of 21 to 22 cents a pound.

James Kyle

Decide Regulation Hiked Price

By G. DAVID WALLACE Associated Press Writer WASHINGTON (AP) -The governments antiinflation agency is studying dairy industry prices after an economic analysis concluded that government regulation boosts milk prices by about 10 cents a half gallon.

The Council on Wage and Price Stability hasnt made up its mind yet about the validity of the analysis, which started as an economists doctoral dissertatioa Indeed, the Agriculture Department, which the analysis blamed primarily for the higher prices, has attacked the conclusions as based on false premises.

But Michael H. Moskow, the new director of the inflation-monitoring wage and price council, said in an interview Wednesday the agency has initiated a review of milk prices because milk is such an important product

for American consumers.

The economic analysis found that the actual price for a half-gallon of milk in 38 of the 56 federal marketing areas during 1960 was 42.8 cents. The study estimated that with no regulation at all the price would have been 39.4 cents.

In those areas in 1970, milk cost 57.8 cents a half-gallon, but would have been 47.4 cents without price regulations, the analysis said.

Moskow said, It is a very controversial issue. Once we have a better idea what the evidence shows, then I think we can see whether any policy action is appropriate.

The council can hold hearings on subjects and subpoena evidence. It has no power to order price rollbacks or changes in regulation, although its composition of top economic spe

cialists gives it considerable political influence.

Moskow-said the council is looking at federal and state regulations dealing with milk prices as well as the entire dairy industry.

One of the recent studies which attracted the councils interest was by John E. Kwoka Jr. He studied federal milk marketing orders while working toward his doctorate at the University of Pennsylvania and refined the ' study while assistant professor of economics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He recently went to work in the Bureau of Economics at the Federal Trade Commission.

Under federal milk marketing orders, the Department of Agriculture sets the minimum prices which farmers must receive for the milk they produce, according to whether its finally used as table milk.

cheese or dried milk.

The federal regulations, which amount to a floor under prices, now cover the 56 marketing areas around major metropolitan centers. Th(e marketing areas cover about 70 per cent of the nations population.

Kwokas analysis attempted to construct a price for milk assuming there was no regulation Although his study did not specifically deal with retail price regulations in the 17 states with the authority to set such prices, Kwoka said in an interview his findings could fairly be applied to both state and federal regulations.

Kwoka said the effect of the federal regulation is to preserve inefficient milk producers while blocking expansion of market power by the most efficient milk producers, priparily those in the Minnesota-Wisconsin area.