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4The Daily Reflector, Greenvlile. N.C.Tuesday, September 9, 1975

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Vulnerability Goes With Job

The nation breathed a collective sigh of relief following the incident in Sacramento, Calif., last week in which President Ford faced a loaded pistol.

A secret service agent reacted quickly to disarm Lynette Alice Fromme, a 26-year-old follower of Charles Manson after she allegedly pointed a loaded .45 at the president as the chief executive made his way among the crowd in Sacramento.

Tlie nation came within a fraction of a second of going through another wrenching experience which would have resulted if still another national leader had been gunned down. It has happened to us so often in the past decade that it is virtually recognized as a logical part of our violent society and it shouldnt be that way. ^

Secret Service Agent Larry Buendorf cant be praised too much for his alertness in spotting and grabbing the gun which was aimed at the president. The agents actions reiterate the wisdom of providing the president of the United States with the

THIS AFTERNOON

best protection that we can as he moves around the nation and the world.

A U.S. president is particularly vulnerable to an attack by any person who is willii^ to die or go to jail for the privilege; for the presidency is an open office and the person who occupied it must be seen by the peale.

Since our presidents generally come to the higlu office through lifetimes in politics, they almosf always want to move among the crowds during their travels and shake hands with well wisher's. This works fine on almost all occasions, but me possibility is always there that there is a twikted mind among all those outstretched hands, more than willing to shove a gun in the presidents face and bring a new tragedy to the nation. i

President Ford faced a gun Friday, but tha^ to good work on the part of a Secret Service agent a new and agonizing tragedy was spared the nation. We can be thankful that things worked out that way.

Dilemma For Everybody

By BILL NOBLITT

RALEIGHDont expect a statewide program to solve the problem of teaching kids to read to emerge from this months Governors Conference on Reading at the Winston-Salem Convention Center,

We cant have A Program for the state. Im not even sure we can have one for an entire county, says John R. B. Hawes, Jr., executive director of the Learning Institute of North Carolina (LINO.

At best the conference, a three-day seminar set for September 22-24, can hope to pull together the right people who can do the Job, and establish the climate in which local communities can get started.

For there is where the solution lies: in local communities across North Carolina, each different, with different people and problems, and different resoiirces with which to get started on making this, as Gov. James E. Holshouser, Jr., has proclaimed it, a year of reading.

The INSIDE REPORT

Dont Blame Schools

It is wrong, and unrealistic, says Hawes, to lay the blame for children who cant read at the steps of the public schools.

Early childhood education begins in the home, and every family ought to have available for the child the materials which prompt learning to read, Hawes said. The home which sends a child to school with a background of story-telling, being read to, exposure to magazines and books, will likely not have a child who winds up in trouble.

Studies show that only one per cent of the population is actually physically or mentally incapable of learning to read.

There are reading experts aplenty, and for each, a different theory on what is wrong and what ought to be done.

Some insist teachers dont know how to teach reading; some argue for a return to phonics rather than modern look-say word recognition techniques; some say kids are being pushed too far too soon; others respond that

reading should start even earlier in life.

Will the North Carolina conference resolve those differences? We cant hope to settle those controversies ... but we can mobilize around them. We can lay out the different ideasnot in a clashing sensebut in an effort to examine them. Most importantly, we can say to a wide crosssection of North Carolinians that weve got a problem, lets do something about it, Hawes explained. And, we can do it.

In Each County

From the wide variety of approaches available, task forces of educators and noneducators together can determine what best approach is available, make some choices, and put programs into action in each of the states 100 counties.

If indeed reading has much to do with the relationship between parent nd child, then Hawes suggests that high school instruction .for future parents could be a sensible approach.

Elsewhere, there are other possibilities: local libraries,

churches, YMCA activities, community colleges, industries; Experts weve got already, and plenty. . . Together, they could do the job, Hawes believes.

What about the cost? It shouldnt take anymore public investment than is already being made in public schools and elsewhere. . . what is required is a redirection of the effort. Much can be done with available resources, says Hawes, without massive additional funds. Any future funds then can at least be directed properly before the fact rather than after it.

The mission of this special effort, then, will become one of rallying all available resourcesinany dont even know the other exists, and when they do, they dont communicate with each otherto develop local reading programs.

And somebody has to keep pushing. . .thats what were in business for. We will provide the kick, the catalyst, Hawes said of the Learning Institute which will staff and coordinate the statewide effort.

Bumbling On Capitol Hill

By ROWLAND EVANS

and ROBERT NOVAK WASHINGTONIn a well-meaning effort to break the energy impasse. Senate majority leader Mike Mansfield very nearly pulled political defeat from the jaws of victory in a classic case of the decline of Democratic leadership in Congress.

President Fords luncheon for Sen. Mansfield and House Speaker C^rl Albert on the Friday before the Labor Day weekend brought desired energy compromise no closer. But it did set back efforts to override the Presidents veto of a six-month extension of domestic oil price controls. The net and wholly unintended impact, therefore, was the Democratic leadership making life easier for the Republican President.

Behind this are habitual defects of Mansfields record 16 years as Senate leader: political naivete, insufficient knowledge of legislative details and, worst of all, inadequate contact with rank-and-file Senators^ That Speaker Albert passively concurred in something he

apprehended only dimly was similarly typical. Thus, the incident shows that not only, overeager freshmen but inept leaders account for monumental failtures of the overwhelmingly Democratic Congress.

As the August congressional recess ended, Mr. Ford approached the worst political drubbing of his presidency. Although constituents upbraided their vacationing Representatives for inaction on energy, they were even tougher against higher gasoline prices which would accompany Mr. Fords oil decontrol. The administrations own vote-counters found both Houses likely to override the veto, undercutting Mr. Fords non-regulatory philosophy and his political prestige.

But Mansfield is widely beloved in Washington partly because he shuns such political calculations. Nor has he ever been much of a Senate vote-counter. Worrying that the Senate might sustain the veto and bring immediate price decontrol, Mansfield brooded about a compromise instead of partisan Democratic

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victory.

That statesmanlike position might have been sold to Democratic Senators. Mansfield, who never twists arms, did not try. On Aug. 27, Sen. Henry M. Jackson, a leading energy hard-liner, telei^oned Mansfield from Portland, Ore., to ask about scheduling the override vote. Mansfield told him in passing he was seeing the President two days later to try one more time to avert a veto. Jackson was not alarmed that Mansfield contemplated anything else.

Mansfield asked Speaker Albert, just back from the Soviet Union and out of touch with House members, to come along to lunch Aug. 29. Nevertheless, it is doubtful Mansfield had a plan to achieve what actually emerged from the presidential luncheon.

Mansfield, suggesting the Senate might now revert to the old ways of following the regular leadership, counselled one last try at compromise. Albert made no promises but did not object to trying. What seemed to result was this agreement: a 30 to 45-day extension of controls during which Congress would try again to pass the administrations last offer of a 39-month phased-out decontrol.

Interviewed by reporters outside the White House that day, neither Mansfield nor Albert contradicted this impression. Nor did they

Strength For Today

SUCCESS AND EFFORT

Most of the people who do things very well and make a conspicuous success in life are in many cases only a little bit m*ore clever and resourceful than the mass of people who make mediocre accomplishments. We may have the impression that successful people tower very much over the rest of mankind, but this in most cases is not true.

Of course in the arts, where genius manifests itself, there is a great difference in performance between the true geniuses and the competent practitioners. The

\nollier uutumn. and the woods are full of nuts.

By JAMES J. KILPATRICK

Grantsmanship 'Game'

protest when the news media proclaimed an eleventh-hour compromise.

With that report, the unlikely coalition of interest groups lobbying against oil decontrol began falling apart particularly independent oil producers and refiners who feel government controls protect them from the majors. Having screwed up their courage to oppose decontrol, the independents began bailing out when it seemed Democratic leaders had joined the President.

The long weekends deceptive calm broke on Tuesday, with rank-and-file Democrats, furious over what had happened, revealing contempt for the leadership. I guess that with the lobbyists out of town, one Senate Democrat snarled, Mansfield and Albert had to go to the White House for a free lunch. They complained the leaders had accepted the same 39-month phaseout rejected by Congress in July.

Jackson met Tuesday afternoon with Mansfield, who informed him he had agreed to nothing. Jackson then convened agents of the coalition labor, independents, consumer groups, airlines, Ralph Nader to inform them nothing had changed and the fight for the override was still on. That same afternoon. Democratic members of the House energy subcommittee met, indignant (Continued on page 5)

The General Accounting Office provided some fresh insights last month into the fastest-growing and richest sport in America. This is not tennis, as you might surmise. It is grantsmanship.

To the connoisseur of political affairs, grantsmanship is more than a mere game. It is an art, a science, a profession. The true grantsman must have the eyes of an eagle, the speed of a quarterhorse, the tenacity of a bulldog, and the greed of a hungry hog. A first-rate practitioner of this highly skilled craft is worth his weight in gold. No progressive state or city can afford to be without one.

The role of the grantsman

is of course to get grants. But that states the matter too simply. The essence of the competitive sport is to wangle a grant at the last possible moment from the least probable source under the most flexible terms. This may sound easy. Considering the obstacles, it is fearfully hard.

The first federal program of outright assistance to the states, so far as the GAO is aware, was the Morrill Act of 1862, providing aid to land grant colleges. The next program of substance was the Federal Aid Road Act of 1916. Grant programs picked up speed during the Roosevelt years, slipped into high gear in the 1950s, and

Other Editors Say While It Lasts

(Henderson Dispatch)

Secretary Kissinger says full details of the Middle East peace accord between Israel and Egypt will be given to the American public. He infers there are no secret pledges or fine print in the document, which has been signed by the two nations, albeit without great hilarity at the Geneva ceremony.

It is reported that the United States will pick up a tab of around $9 billion dollars in aid, chiefly to Israel with about $1 billion the first year.

This impresses us as a preposterous sum designated for placating two small Middle East states. It does seem odd that this country should be expected to pay them to keep the peace And even at that, neither side trusts the other, necessitating a civilian force of Americans to monitor the dividing line in the Sinai peninsula.

Whether the accord hinged on this colossal handout from Washington is not entirely clear. It is noted, too, that the agreement is called an interim arrangement That means that during the period efforts will be continued toward a permanent peace, a procedure which could pose similar or even greater problems.

Americans are ready, willing and anxious to see peace between all nations. An attempt to that end in Vietnam spread over ten years, with the sacrifice of 50,000 American lives and an expenditure of uncounted billions of dollars. And in the end wholly futile toward the goal sought It is to wonder what the final score will be in the Middle East For $9 billion Israel and Egypt might well assent to almost anything within reasoa Most small nations would. But what happens after the interim and when the gratuity ceases(? Little boys are always good while the candy lasts, "ily maybe to return to their old ways when it runs out

broke the sound barrier under Lyndon Johnson in the 60S.

The GAO does not know how many programs of federal assistance now exist. The Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations hazarded a guess that in 1970 there were 530 grant-in-aid programs, four-fifths of them enacted after 1960. The Office of Management and Budget publishes a semi-annual catalog of give-away possibilities. The 1974 edition listed 975 assistance programs administered by 52 federal agencies.

As you might expect, the greatest concentration of handouts is to be found in the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. HEW is known to administer, more or less, some 274 programs. The Department of Agriculture has 84, the Department of Housing and Urban Development has 58, and the Department of Labor has 36. Coming along fast, and showing excellent form, is the Environmental Protection Agency, which already has 29.

Each of the 975 assistance programs, it perhaps goes without saying, has its own rules, regulations, application forms, and miscellaneous requirements. These periodically are promulgated, revised, amended, adopted, further amended, withdrawn, codified, and readvertised in the Federal Register, a paper printed daily in the city of Washington in type designed to put your eyes out. The Register, which includes a vast deal of other stuff, last year ran to 35,000 pages.

Once a year, the helpful government culls all the rules, etc., from the Federal Register, and compiles them in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). The Code runs to 50 titles and sells for $350 a year. It serves as the grantsmans Racing Form.

(Continued on page 5)

/

Cutting

. By JIM ADAMS Associated Press Writer

WASHINGTON (AP) Congress is considering adding restrictions aimed at preventing U.S. involvement in a Mideast war to its approval of U.S. technicians to monitor the Sinai peace accord.

One restriction, proposed by Sen. Frank Church, D-Idaho, would be to pull out the technicians if war erupts. 'The second would enable Congress to withdraw the technicians at any time.

Chairman Thomas E. Morgan, D-Pa., of the House International Relations Committee said House and Senate staff aides are working on language for the two proposals and Churchs office confirmed that Senate aides are drafting language for both proposals.

Church said last week that a mandatory withdrawal In case of hostilities would greatly reduce the risk of U.S. involvement in a renewed Middle East war.

Morgan indicated the provision for Congress withdrawing the technicians at any time would assure uneasy congressmen that if the United Nations peacekeeping fofce were suddenly removed, for example. Congress would be in a position to remove the technicians.

Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger told Morgans Committee Monday that President Ford is willing to accept mandatory removal of the technicians in case of war.

Kissinger was not asked about the proposal to enable Congress to remove the technicians any time.

Morgan said the House and Senate aides are working on similar resolutions to speed up congressional approval of the commitment and said he believes it can be approved by the end of next week as President Ford requested.

But Sen. Clifford P. Case of New Jersey, ranking Republican on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, said that while he would like to meet that deadline, Ck>ngress should take all the time it needs to study the action thoroughly.

Kissinger testified Monday that he agreed reluctantly to having U.S. technicians monitor (Continued on page 5)

40 Years Ago To(day

Septembers, 1935

City schools opened here today with the largest attendance indicated in history, although it was stated at the office of Superintendent J.H. Rose that official figures would not be available until tomorrow.

The opening session at all schools continued until noon. No exercises marked the initial session, it being stated that a program would be rendered later in the week.

A meeting of faculty members was held at the high school building this afternoon at which Supt. Rose outlined the program to be followed during the first part of the term. No meeting was held prior to the opening as was the case several years ago.

Senator Huey Long of Louisana, shot last night in an assassination attempt, was reported today to be rallying in a Baton Rouge, La. hospital after a blood transfusion.

Dr. Carl A. Weiff, who allegedly fired the shots at Long, was shot to death by Longs bodyguard.

Labor Statistics Open To Doubt

genius has by nature a kind of perception, whether in art, music, or literature, that the rest of us do not have and can never acquire. But genius is not necessary for success in the vast majority of human occupations.

Here the successful person must have three qualities apart from reasonable ability. First, he must really want success. Second, he must be willing to make the sacrifices for it which success always demands. Third, he must be willing to work harder than other people in the same occupation.

By Elisha Douglass

By JOHN CUNNIFF AP Business Analyst NEW YORK (AP) Does that 8.4 per cent uneno ployment rate depict the real state of affairs in the job market today or is it another of those statistics that seem to float, unanchored to reality?

Criticism of labor statistics isnt uncommoa Academics, labor leaders, businessmen and others maintain there are defects of definiti<Hi, c(xncept and technique that result in an inaccurate picture.

A bit surprising is the position taken by Julius Shiskin, commissioner of the Bureau of Labor SUtistics. The debate, he says, is healthy. By inference he suggests the criticisms might possibly have some validity, Conceding there are wide

spread points of view on the accuracy of government jobless surveys, Shiskin said in an interview that he has regommended that a blue ''nbbon committee be appointed to review concepts.

If Labor Secretary J(^n Dunl(^ agrees, Shiskin said he hopes the committee will be formed before the year is out Existing concepts are the product of a similar committees work 13 years ago.

The call for a rer examination comes at a critical time: The government relies on at least two surveys for its figures, a survey of households and one of employers. During the summer the two surveys varied on the number (d jobless.

Shiskin minimizes the differences in the two *eu of

figures, both of which he said are used in the fnal com-{^lations. Quite oftra there is a divergence, he said Its a natural kind of thing. We were not alarmed

The difCTences, he said are usually short-lived In fact, the August jobless figures showed the divergence was cut sharply. But, the critics ask, why should diffo^nces exist at all if the c(mcepts are correct?

Asked if the household survey might have found fewer jobless individuals than would be the case because unemployed workers were away on vacations, Shisken answered that the possibility was taken into consideratiim. '

But one critic, Albert Sindlinger of Sindlinger &

Ca, which compiles its own jobless figures from surveys of 1,125 households a we^ currently has one million fewer employed and one million more unemployed than the government Sindlinger is critical of government techniques. When they find nobody home they go next door until they do. And the reas(m that family is home is because the breadwinner has a job and cant be away on vacatioa This, he said distorts the employed figures upward the unemployed downward The very definition of unemployment it seems, is itself the cause of further confusioa Shiskin points to one: a student who cannot find a summer job is considered jobless in the same sense as a head of household