Fragile Basis For A Deterrent

niirty years ago this wedc Hiroshima and Nagasaki were in total ruins, the victims of the most awes(ne weapon ever unleashed in warfare.

The United States had dropped the first atomic bombs on the two Japanese cities. In each case a single bomb wiped out the cities and killed or in other ways affected most of the inhabitants.

World War II, of course was still gcang on and to a world which did not know the powerful bomb was being perfected, it seemed as if the Japanese would fight on to the bitter end; that it would take a devastating invasion of Japan to finally end what had been the most costly war of all time.

>ropping of the atomic bomb changed ail that, however. Even the most fanatical war lords of Japan recognized that the Allies had a weapon so powerful that their entire nation could the destroyed within a few days. That could be done with little loss of life on the Allied side.

But from the time of the dropping of the first nuclear bomb the debate has raged over whether w not the weapon should have ever been used in warfare. It fell to the new Presidoit Harry Truman

THIS AFTERNOON

to make the awesome decisicm, and while the military knew how powerful the bombs blast was no one was entirely sure of exactly what the aftereffects of the bomb would be.

Hiere are those who argue that the nuclear bomb should never have been used because its use s^ the precedent for future use of nuclear weapons in warfare which could destroy the world. We have never subscribed to the theory. In fact we believe it is possible that if the bomb had not been used twice in actual warfare that it might not viewed as the terrible thing that it is by humanity. And if that had been the case it is possible that some nation mij^t have mustered enough national sui^iort to have made use of the bomb by now.

TTi*e was hardly anyone living during August, 19t who was not horried by the terrible power which was unleashed with the explosion of those first atomic bombs. As a consequence no one wants to ever s^ it used again. This solid world wide public opinion may be the only real deterrent we have to avoid a future atomic war.

ITLL NEVER HATCH BY ITSELF!

Fared Well In Budget Cuts

By BILL NOBLITT RALEIGH-With the smoke and the sound largely faded from the big debate over who got what from a budget-cutting General Assembly, comes the time to take a look with some leisure at what happened to some of the more important state programs.

There has been much sound and fury about public schools. In truth, schools fared much better than most had suspected.

Cuts totaled roughly $33 million; while major additions for public school spending total a whopping $57.83 million over the coming two fiscal years.

Even more significant than those bare-bone figures, however, is just where and how those cut or expandcKi dollars are to be pinpointed.

Not In Class In the classroom, with the exception of no teacher salary increases, there will be no cuttingonly increases. Most of the cuts take dollars from the Raleigh bureaucracy,or from reserve funds where cash has been

kept on hand, not spent.

Here is where public school spending increases were approved:

Kindergarten expansion is funded to provide 512 additional classes in 1975-76; another 512 classes in 1976-77 so that by the 1976 school year 69 per cent of the states five-year-olds will be in kindergarten. All are supposed to be enrolled by 1978. Total cost of those new kindergarten classes is $9.5 million in the coming fiscal year; $19.1 million the second.

The larger figure, of course, reflects continuing the 512 new classes while adding 512 more.

Reading was not cut out; only reduced as educators sought to launch a crash program while legislators insisted reading is the regular and usual function of schools anyway. Still, the assembly posted $2.75 million for special reading efforts under specific plans to be filed with the governor and advisory budget commission.

Exceptional children programming received funds

for 445 new teachers across the board, and another 55 teachers specifically for the learning disabled. Total cost: $12.24 million.

Another $1.7 million will go for enrolling severely handicapped children in special schools, and for extra supplies and equipment in classrooms devoted to exceptional children.

Career Education

Other major increased programs include one million dollars in fiscal year 1976-77 to expand extended day-optional school programs to serve 2,500 students; a hike from $8 to $9, the state allocation for each student for materials and supplies; going to $10 the next fiscal year. Total cost: $3.3 million.

Also funds were alloted to transport all deaf, blind or autistic children, and for the 7,000 children who each year normally begin riding the local school buses.

Where did those much publicized cuts take place?

In-service training of teachers was one of the big targets. About $2.8 million was cut for travel, lodging

and materials, staff, and ather activities relating to in-service workshops for kin-dergarten, regular classroom, and occupational education teachers.

Over half a million dollars were saved by deleting id school psychologistsbut the jobs had never been filled anyway.

In transportation, bus operating costs were cut over $2 million, and bus replacements put off to the tune of $6.1 million.

Funds were cut for textbook purchases (IJ million) and over $4 million transferred from the textbook fund to other areas of the budget.

The Raleigh office was hard hit: Some 21 jobs were eliminated in public relations, research and development, and evaluation and assessment work for a total savings of more than $1.2 million. Also chopped were consulting fees, travel allotments, the Advancement School, and the number of teaching positions held in reserve to meet requirements of the class-size law.

By JAMES J. KILPATRICK

Sanctification Of Hiss

A movement is gaining momentum for the sanctification of a consummate liar, Alger Hiss by name. Before the movement gets completely out of hand, a few words of caution, remonstrance and reminder are in order.

The judgment of liar is a jurys judgment, returned in January, 1950 after two long trials. Now Hiss, at 71, is seeking once more in the court of public opinion to overturn that verdict. A few days ago he obtained access to certain evidence never introduced against him. Before long, we will be awash in fresh charges that the FBI rigged, stacked and fabricated the case against Hiss, and such is the gullibility of a disenchanted

public that some of these self-serving charges will gain credence.

Because a whole generation has grown up since the Hiss case began, a brief recapitulation may be useful. The case involved two men. One was Alger Hiss, who in 1948 was slim, elegant and urbane, a rising star in the nations public life. He had every respectable credential: He was John Hopkins, Phi Beta Kappa, Harvard Law, a onetime clerk to Justice Holmes, secretary to the American delegation at Dumbarton Oaks, adviser to Roosevelt at Yalta, secretary-general of the UN Conference at San Francisco.

The other was Whittaker Chambers, who in 1948 was

The GALLUP POLL

Wallace,Humphreyln Tie?

By GEORGE GALLUP (Copyright 1975, Field Enterprises, Inc All rights reserved Republication in whole or part strictly prohibited except with the written consent of the copyright holders.)

PRINCETON, N.J.,-When Sea Edward Kennedy is not included in the tesL Gov. George Wallace and Sea Hubert Humphrey are in virtual dead heat as the tq> nomination choice of Democratic voters nationwide Wallace wins the support of 23 per cent, Humphrey 20 per cent

Public Forum

Letters submitted for Public Forum must be limited to 300 words. _ ,

To the editor

I noted Tuesdays article reporting a protest by the Greenville Peace Association of the atomic bombing <rf Hiroshima and Nagasaki on the 30 th anniversary of those terrible events.

I thiric that the Greenville Peace Committee, which witnessed fw peace week after wedt in recent years, would mostly disagree with the Association there It is futile to iM*otest the past True the atomic massacres were wrong, for murder is wrong; but almost every course that our leaders were able to consider was wrong. It appeared that hundreds of thousands of othCT lives could be saved, and the difficult choice was made to drop those two bombs on people Honorable was the horror Americans felt when they saw what such a choice caused.

Where the Committee may agree with the Association is in the relevance of remembering vividly, today, the kind of holocausts that, under present policies, await any r^sstep. The choices seem excruciating. But allout nuclear war is allout death of peoples, and wwild leave any survivors but nasty, brutish, probably short lives shared with pestilent germs and many roaches.

Carroll Webber. Jr.

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among Democrats in the survey, who were asked to pick from a list of 14 mea The list includes those persons who have either announced their candidacy or have been prominently mentioned as possible candidates.

Next are Sen. George McGovern (11 per cent). Sea Henry JackscMi (10 per cent) and Sea Edmund Muskie (also 10 per cit). The remaining persons on the list receive 3 per cent or less.

With Kennedy On List

Although many political observers feel that Sea Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts wUl definitely not be a candidate for President in 1976, speculation about attempts to draft him persists.

When the list used in the current survey is expanded to include Kennedy, the Massachussetts Senator is found to run away from the field, winning 42 per cent of the vote <rf Democrats. Next are Wallace with 15 per cent, Humphrey with 9 per cent, Jackson and Muskie each with 6 per cent, and McGovern with 5 per cent There are the questicm asked:

Here is a list (rf people who have been mentioned as possible presidential for the Democratic party in 1976. (Resp<Hident5 were handed a card with 15 names, including Kennedy.) Which one would you like to see nominated as the Democratic candidate for President in 1976?

And who would be your sec<d choice?

Since all persons in the survey v/ere asked for their second choice, it is possible to see how the Kennedy vote distributes among the other candidates on the list Here are the results with Kennedys name excluded:

Choices Of Democrats For 1976 Nominatitm (With Kennedy not on UsD Gov. George Wallace 23%

Sea Hubert Humphrey 20

Sea George McGovern 11

Sea Henry JackstHi 10

Sea Edmund Muskie 10

All Others 14

No opini<m- no prrferoice 12

All other candidates on the list received 3 per cent or less of the vote of Democrats. These men are: Sea Birch Bayh, Soi. Lloyd Bentsea Jimmy Carter, Sea Frank (^urch, Fred Harris, Terry Sanford, Gov. Milton Shapp, Sargent Shriver and Rep. Morris UdalL

And here are the results with Kennedys name included: Choices Of Democrats For 1976 Nomination (With Kennedy included)

Kennec^ 42%

Wallatte 15

(Continued on page 5)

Strength For Today

The simple answer to all these questions is that no father would do these things if only because he is a father.

Here. then, is a law of prayer, a spiritual principle upon which we can wager our all, that because (iod is a loving heavenly Father, he gives something out of the fulness of his love every time we ask Him; and that something is either the thing we ask for or something better than the thing we so ardoitly desire.

by Elisha Donglass

Other Editors Say Despite State Policy

(Gtddsboro Newa-Argus)

North Carolina is one of 19 states in theUnion which guarantee a workers right to either belong or not to belong to a labor unioa

This states fHiblic policy is spelled out in the 1947 Right to Work Law which says:

No employer shall require any persoa as a condition of employment or continuation of employment to pay any dues, fees or other charges of any kind to any labor union or labor (K'ganizatioa

In 1974, an effort was made in the General Assembly to circumvent the Right to Work law.

A bill was introduced in the House that would have forced nonunion workers to pay union dues or fees despite the fact that they were not members.

The measure was defeated and the public policy enunciated in the 1947 law remained intact But last month the State Ports Authority and the International Longshoremens Association n^otiated a contract which flaunts that public policy.

In labor union contracts covering workers at the Morehead City and Wilmington ports, the contract requires nonunion workers to pay the union a fee amounting to three per cent of their gross annual earnings.

State officials argue that the provision is legal since ports employees are covered by the National Railway Labbr Act which supercedes state right to work law&

The Cartaret County News-Times, reporting and commenting on the (Contract said recently that under the dues structure, a nonunion worker actually would be paying $45 to $50 per year mOTe in fees than would be collected from a union member holding a similar joU But whether the nonunion member pays more or an amount equal to members dues, tl9 SPA-ILA contract should be challenged.

If we are going to do away with the Right toWoric policy in this state, that decision should be made in the General Assembly, not at a union contract neg(Hiating table

pudgy, passive and obscure, a senior editor for Time magazine. He had nothing going for him. Born in Philadelphia in 1901, Chambers was a student radical, a runaway, a postwar leftist who in 1925 joined the Communist Party as a paid functionary. He was a man with a disreputable history of false names, petty theft and atheism. In 1938, after four years of espionage and infiltration in Washington, he broke absolutely with the Communist Party.

Seventeen years ago this month. Chambers was summoned to testify before the House Committee on Unamerican Activities, which was then investigating Communist infiltration of government offices. Chambers identified Hiss as a member of a secret Communist cell. Hiss denied this absolutely.

One of the two men plainly was lying. Under the prodding of a young California congressman. Chambers patiently unfolded his story: As a party functionary, he ( had known Hiss intimately, had stayed in his home, had transmitted stolen documents. Testing his credibility, the young congressman asked rapid-fire questions of Chambers about Hiss and his wife and family, their hobbies, pets, cars, furnishings, nicknames, places of residence.

Hiss at last admitted having known Chambers, but not as a party functionary. Hisss story was that he had known a deadbeat freelance writer by the name of George Crosley, to whom he had briefly sublet his Georgetown house in 1934. He identified Chambers as Crosley, but later, before a grand jury, he would deny ever having given Chambers government documents. The perjury conviction stemmed from that denial. Hiss served 44 months of a five-year sentence.

An enterprising publishing house, interested in bringing out a work of high drama, might consider a documentary reprise of the

(Continued on page 5)

Third

World

Rifts

By WILLIAM L. RYAN AP Special Correspondent

Outlines of a split between the militant Arabs and the Black Africans in what is loosely called the non-aligned bloc seem to be surfacing, a development that can be of immense importance in the world political picture.

The recent meeting of the 46-nation Organization of African Unity at Kampala, Uganda, seemed a symptom of things to come. A conviction may be growing among Black African leaders that their countries, already caught up in a sort of cold war between rich and poor worlds, have too many problems of their own to permit direct involvement in the Middle East quarrel, unless there are more convincing signs of quick profit from it.

How a rift develops may depend on how the Black African leaders elect to use the weapons they hold. Poor as most of these nations are, they seem to have hit on the idea that they have considerable bargaining power.

That could explain, at least in part, the setback the OAU handed those Arabs who are campaigning most belligerently to get Israel expelled from the United Nations and other world bodies.

In effect, the Arabs had been urging Africans, despite Wash-

(Continued on page 5)

40 Years Ago Toiday

August 7,1935

With Wednesday halfholidays scheduled to come to a close August 21, several days in advance of the opening of the Greenville tobacco market, Greenville people turned their attention today to drawing as much pleasure as possible from the two more holidays ahead of them.

Although they usually have a league ball game as the highlight, today found the local club playing at Ayden and fans were forced to go there to see the Greenies attempt to increase their league lead.

An intensive campaign to rid Greenville of weeds was started by the city government today.

The announcement was made this morning by Chief of Police George Clark who declared that all persons who do not cut down rank growth of vegetation on their property will be prosecuted.

The action was taken after failure of a number of property owners to clear lots of weeds. A warning was issued during the first of the summer that all vacant lots must be kept clear of weeds, but the summer has almost passed and scores of lots in all parts of the city are filled with weeds several feet high.

The police chief declared he had two men work today checking on w^-filled lots throughout the city and as soon as their report is made, warrants will be issued for the owners.

Weeds, he said, not only detract from the beauty of the city, but constitute a breeding place for mosquitoes. The mosquito situation has been reported very bad in sections due mainly to weeds. No improvements can be made until the weeds are cut down.

James Kyle

Puzzle In Consumer Borrowing

GOD GIVES MORE

We can be sure that God will give us either the things we ask for in prayer or something better. He will never under any circumstances give us anything of less value than the things we ask for.

Jesus illustrated this truth by means of a parable. If a son shall ask bread of any of you that is father, will ye give him a stone? Or if he ask a fish will he for a fish give a serpent Or if be ask an egg will he offer him a scorpioo?

By JOHN CUNNIFF AP Business Analyst NEW YORK (AP) - Consumers increased their borrowing in June by the biggest figure in nine months, and now businessmen and economists are trying to understand why.

The $545-million jump biought the total of consumer credit to $186.1 billioa $2.67 billion higher than a year earlier. More significantly, the latest increase was the second in a row after five straight months of decline.

Understandably, the Ford administration would like to say the borrowings indicate widespread belief that it is now safe to take a chance, safe to use tomorrows money to buy todays goods and services.

Those who a<&ere to that interpretation believe the economy is steadilv

recovering from recession and that the recovery will be a solid one, that is, without a return of destructive infla tioa

Many others wonder, however, if the consumer isnt a bit more sophisticated in his adjustment to the economic society. While it is still too early to determine, they ask if something more complex isnt occurring

The basic questions they ask are these Is the consumer borrowing now not because he has confidence in the future but becaise of precisely the opposite reasoh? Is he borrowing now in order to buy before prices rise any more?

This is the old Flight from cinrency phenomenon that Prof. Geoi^ Katona, the piwieer consumo* attitude scholar, describes in his new book, Psychological

Economics.

Katona explains that the expectation of a slow and gradual price increase creates uncertainty and loss of confidence and therefore reduces discretionary demand. Consumers in this situation might save rather than spend.

But an entirely different mood prevails when c( sumers expect shortages or sharp Mice increases. Under such situation they might feel it is wiser to exchange their money fcH* (XHomodities while they caa

In August, 1973, Katona

writes, dose to20 per cent of all survey respondents reported that during the preceding few montl they had made some major purchase in order to beat inflatioa"

And be added that fear of

future inflation outweighed the resentment of past price increases.

Are ccmsumers now expressing fear rather than c(xifidence? It cannot be said with certainty at this time, but there are some indications fear is playing s<ne role

Based on announcements already made, new model automobiles will cost more in September.

Gasoline and other oil products prices will be rising.

Wholesale prices are expected to be hitler in the im-mediate future. Despite declining orders, some in-Awtries feel compeUed to raise prices in order to cover thr costa

Farm prices are rising. In the latest report, for the month ended July 15, they were up 3 percent