-Thf Daily R(>nrctor. Greenville. N.C.-Tuesday. December 17. If74

A Heavily Agricultural State

If you dont think farming is big in North Carolina, you only have to look at figures which show that our state ranked 10th among the 50 states in exports of agricultural products.

N.C. State University reports that farm exports were valued at $772.4 million for fiscal 1974. North Carolinas farm receipts for the fiscal year were $2.38 billion, so the exports amount to around 32 percent.

As could be expected, tobacco was a big percentage of the exports. It amounted to $456.3 million, with the exported tobacco going to 60 foreign countries.

Other exports and their totals: protein meal (mostly soybeans), $24.6 million; soybean oil, $6.8 million; cottonseed oil, $1.6 million; cotton, $16.7 million; wheat and flour, $15.6 million; poultry, $10.7 million; other meat products, $4.2 million; lard and tallow, $4.1 million; hides and skins, $1.9 million; horticultural products, $1.7 million; fruits, $1.5 million; nuts, $0.9 million; other products (including peanuts and sweet potatoes), $58.5 million.

THIS AFTERNOON

So we can see that overseas markets are important to the North Carolina farmer and certainly the North Carolina farmer is important to the world.

There is a rising demand for food throughout the world that Tar Heel farmers can help fill. It can mean prosperous times ahead for this heavily agricultural state. It can also mean that some of the dollars which Middle East nations are taking out of our country for oil can be returned to us for our food supplies.

There are many who think that the golden age of farming is just ahead. We have come from an era when the American farmer could produce far more than our country or the world could consume, and thus we had controls on crops. Now farmers are being urged to produce all the food supplies that they can with the expectation that our own demands and world demand will use them up.

North Carolina is in a prime position to produce food supplies for the world and, in the long run, this may be more important to our states economy than industrial development or anything else.

NoGrowth Rules Pressure

By BILI. .\OBI,ITT RALEIGHSome states, faced with crushing pollution problems and intense industrial development, compounded by rapid population growth, are making noises of implementing rigid nogrowth" or moderate-growth" rules North Carolina is long way from that, thinks Lynn Much-more. the states chief planning officer.

In fact. Muchmore thinks there are a lot more good things than bad going on in North Carolina as it is, and doesnt see a lot of sense in stirring up hot political debate over governmental manipulation of private business.

Besides that, he thinks* professional planners could find a lot more valuable use for their time than simply trying to draw up long-range plans which either (a) put down in writing what is already happening anyhow, and cant be changed; or (b) are so politically unreal that the people would never stand for them.

Would North Carolina, like Florida or Oregon, attempt statewide regulation of growth?

No Crisis "It would take a crisis, and we are nowhere near that stage, says Muchmore "We are just not in a crisis thing Sure, there are some bad things happening here and there . but we have a remarkably bright scene on the whole, with local governments who have good city and county managers who are aggressively dealing with growth problems at the local level.

Two things about North Carolina which would rule out stringent state control of growth plans, he feels, are public sentiment, and the existing Coastal Land Use legislation and pending Mountain I.and Use counterpart, and action now underway on a statewide land use policy. The essence of those measures is local control over plans for industrial, commercial and residential development, along with state ability to protect sensitive environmental elements.

Public sentiment is, perhaps, the most important ingredient. As Muchmore views it, there just isnt anything about North Carolina that ta bad anough to

cause people to pound their fists on the legislators desks and demand change. F'urther complicating the scene is the distinct difference between local planning and state planning. At the local level, the questions of a specific facility on a particular piece of land and related data on water-sewer services, numbers of employes, etc., can all be answered.

On the state level, planners are dealing with long-range influences, and those scattered through an array of governmental agencies each jealously guarding its own individual domainnot turning thoughts to future development.

A Mate

Muchmore has a large chart which seeks to track down influences on growth and development in just two key state agencies, and the items run on and on through environmental controls, forestry, economic development. human resources, etc.

Looking further afield, he sees educational policy, transportation philosophies, roadbuilding decisions, agricultural activities, and' others, all having a role.

There is, Muchmore said, "An almost mind-boggling complexity of involvements here, and no mechanism to assure a states moving in any concerted direction-even if we knew the direction."

It is not a reality now, and it stretches credibility to think it ever will be . .. unless there is some dramatic rethinking at the grassroots level which permeates all of these agencies. It takes a crisis, and we are nowhere near that stage.

Muchmore sums up the situation this way: I would like to preface all discussions of economic growth policy which normally proceed directly to the question What should our state growth policy be?with the-

question; Does it really matter whether we have an economic growth policy?

With impetus*^of the past usually dictating what happens in the future, with managerial weakness at the state level, with federal rules often destroying local and state efforts, and with the need for local controland supporthis conclusion: I am not certain that it really matters at all."

By JAMES J. KILPATRICK

The Democrat Program

Double Blow To ^Elderly

By JOHN STOWELL Associated Press Writer WASHINGTON (AP) Millions of elderly Americans on fixed incomes would be dealf a double blow in their health and food budgets if Congress accedes to President Fords inflation-fighting proposals, an Associated Press analysis disclosed today.

For example, the average retired worker receiving a monthly $187.11 Social Security check now pays $92 for up to 60 days of hospitalization.

Under the Presidents proposed amendments to Medicare, the retiree would have to pay $250 out of his own pocket if hospitalized 10 days, $600 for 40 days and $750 for 60 days.

The same person will become ineligible for federal food stamps next March 1, as the Agriculture Department hurries to comply with a presidential directive.

He now pays $36 to receive $46 worth of food stamps each month.

Ford on Nov. 26 proposed a $4.6 billion reduction in federal spending thisTiscal year. Some of Fords proposal has drawn fire from influential legislators, nutrition groups, the presiden-tially appointed Federal Council on Aging and the American Hospital Organization.

As part of the proposed budget cuts, the administration estimated a net $425 million saving in the Medicare program for the remainder of this fiscal year ending June 30 if the elderly were charged more for their health care, and a $215 million saving in the food (Continued on page 5)

The Democrats emerged from their Kansas City convention with an appearance of unity on the two principal aims of a political party-to elect its candidates, and to achieve its . legislative program. For the moment, let the candidates go. What about the Democratic program?

As nearly as these things can be defined, the program is liberalism, pure and undefiled. The student of political science, seeking to

identify liberal and conservative positions, dould not ask a better text than the Democrats Statement of Economic Policy, adopted on December 7. When that statement is read in conjunction with the speeches of George McGovern and Robert C. Byrd, we are provided with a clear road map of where the Democrats mean to take us.

The statement commits the party to a comprehensive _

The INSiDE REPORT

Other Editors Say

Burger's Warning To Ford wrong viiiain

(Rocky MountTeleio-am)

By ROWLAND EVANS and ROBERTNOVAK WASHINGTON-Despite a critical warning from Chief Justice Warren Burger delivered privately to President Ford that the "American judicial system" is endangered by massive early retirements because of a five-year salary freeze, the President and fearful congressional leaders agreed on Wednesday to postpone action until next year at the least ^

That burying of what some politicians view as a national crisis extending far beyond Burgers judicial domain was probably inevitable, given the deepening recession and mounting unemployment It was President Ford himself who raised the matter behind the closed doors of his Wednesday morning session with.

congressional leaders. After thrashing the highly-politicized issue from all its aspects, the congressional leaders left Mr. Ford with this message; if he would publicly ask Congress to unfreeze top-grade government career salaries, established when the coat of living was 42 per cent less than today, and promise not to veto any pay-raise bill passed by Congress, the combustible issue might be pushed in Congress next year after passage of antirecession bills.

President Ford made no promise, fully aware that he IS loaded down with too many political problems as it is to add the fiu'y of voters over higher government pay at a time of national belt-tightening

Yet, both Burgers warning and the deepening problem of

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED 20 Cotaache Street. Greenville. N.C. 27S34 EsUbllsbed 1882 Published Monday Through Friday Afternoon and Sunday Morning

DAVID JUUAN WHICHARD, Chairnan of the Board JOHN S. WHICHARD-DAVID J. WHICHARD PnbUslicrs Second Class Postage Paid at Greenville. N. C.

resignations by top-level federal bureaucrats frozen at $36,000 a year, combined with critical recruitment gaps stemming from the pay freeze, are not taken lightly either inside the White House or on Capitol Hill.

Chief Justice Burger told Mr. Ford in his long White House Ulk late last month that seven federal judges had quit prematurely in the past 13 months, more than at any time in the last 100 years. The main reason: the flve-year pay freeze had reduced their $40.000 salary to an effective level of $25.000.

First-rate U.S. attorneys, the bedrock of the criminal justice system, are becoming hard to recruit, the Chief Justice believes, because of vastly higher-paying law partnerships. Burgers warning: without higher salaries, already overburdened courts will dangerously decline in talent and production.

The salary problem is compounded by the Rube Goldberg system that pays regular cost-of-living allowances to retired federal employes but denies built-in escalation to the highest grade officials while they

stay on the government payroll.

'That explains the startling 50 per cent increase in top-level executive branch retirements since 1970. These are career bureaucrats who, in the words of Democratic Sen. Gale McGee of Wyoming, chairman of the Senate Post Office and Civil Service Committee, kept this government running during the Watergate vacuum of power."

One case in point is the frozen $42,500 salary for the director of Management and Budget (0MB), the top management job in the vast federal bureaucracy. When the President decided to name Housing and Urban Development Secretary James Lynn to replace 0MB director Roy Ash. Lynns acceptance guaranteed him a 30 per cent cut in pay. 'The reason: Congress has always refused to give any presidential staff job a salary higher than its own.

Indeed, a quiet White House effort to raise the 0MB directors salary to cabinet level ($60,000) when George Shultz resigned as Secretary of Labor to become 0MB

(ContlMied oo page $)

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

Food prices are going up. but food retailers are not getting rich.

In highly-competitive retail food stores, prices cannot be adjusted fast enough to cover increased costs during periods of inflation.

The food chain industry has always depended on high-volume sales to make exceptionally low markup per item possible.

Net earnings after taxes have traditonally run around 1.3 to 1.5 cents per dollar of sales.

As inflation progressed, the margin of profit in the food retaUing business dropped in 1973, sliding to an all-time low of .5 of one cent per dollar oi sales with a rate of return on net worth of only 5.3 per cent.

The consuming public says for the inefficiencies resulting from rules and regulations imposed by govamments, wwk restrictions imposed by union contracts and indeed by marketing practices imposed by organized consumer pressures.

The consumers political power must somehow be tM-ought to bear on governments at all levels, and on unions and managements to reduce costs.

There is no pay dirt for consumers in reducing profits.

If all food chain profits were given to the consumers in lower prices, the result could not be measured in the Consumer Price Index.

Adequate profit levels are the only thing that will encourage sufficient rates of capital investment so necessary to the growth of the productive enterprises that provide everything from electric power, to groceries, to automobiles, to the gasoline necessary to run them.

In the case of the food chain industry, profit levels should be sufficient if modern food distribution facilitiescapable of operang at maximum efficiency with minimum prices to the consumer-are to be part of the American future.

The ghostly villain of excess profits, chased so avidly by political orators, simply does not exist in basis U.S. industry today, with perhaps rare exception.

It is certainly not one of the causes of inflaon in America.

package of tax reductions and tax reforms. The package includes meaningful tax reductions for moderate and low-income families, to be balanced by compensating increases on high-income families and corporations. Excess profits of corporations must be additionally taxed, and multinational corporations must be denied tax incentives.

In the Democrats view, tight money policies have not worked in the past and will not work now. The statement asks the Federal Reserve prudently to pursue a general easing of credit." Antitrust laws should be vigorously enforced. The statement leaves little room for voluntary measures; We support an across-the-board system of economic controls, including prices, wages, executive compensation, profits, and rents." There should be a mandatory system of energy conservation.

Senator McGovern repeatedly was applauded as he warmed to these themes. McGovern turned his fire on tax credits and writeoffs for the wealthy. He denounced overseas profits and corporate monopolies. In a purple passage, he attacked robber barons who steal from farmers and make us the puppets of their greed. Bigness in business is inherently bad," said McGovern, because it makes the individual small and weak . . . We must democratize the workplace, so those who labor will have a say in management and a share of profits.

McGovern also called for sweeping mandatory controls on the economy. He assailed militarism and demanded more than token cuts in a bloated Pentagon budget. In the area of civil rights, he said the party must sponsor legislation to achieve (Continued on page 5)

40 Years Ago TotJay

December 17.1934

Southern voters overwhelmingly voted in favor of compulsory control of cotton in a vote today. North Carolina voters approved of a continuance of the Bankhead Act by a margin of 12 to one. Unofficial returns showed state farmers voting 117,087 for and 9,540 against continuance of the act.

The figures included 77 of the states 79 cotton-producing counties with only 17 votes unreported.

Benito Mussolinia took an agressive stride in Italys quarrel with Ethiopia today by demanding an apology and indemnities. In a headed report to the League of Nations, he charged what Ethopian forces and not Italian native troops in Samoiland were responsible for a border clash in which 150 men were killed.

Susan Price

/J

SUBSCRIPTION RATES Payable bi Advaace

Heme Delivery By Carrier er Malar Reate Maathly |2,M

By MaU

OAeYear SixMaatba nuecMaatba

I38.M

1S.M

TM

MEMBER OF ASSOCIATED PRESS The Aaaaciated Press Is ex-claslvely eatiUed ta aae far pablicatiaa aO news dlspal-ckca credited U it ar aal atkerwise credited la tkb paper aad aba die iacal news pablbbed keraia. AH rigkb af paklicatiaas af special dlspat -T kere ara oUa

UNIITO PRESS INTERNATIONAL

Advertbiag patas aad deadlMea avaibkic ^aa Measker Aadlt Barcaa af Ckcaladaa.

raqaeak

Strenffth, Fnr Tnriaw Wrong Idea On Bankers' Hours

5 iUI lUUQjf By JOHN CUNNIFF who responded about 66 years, and one in three was presidents receivi

TTIRILLS

The English word thrill is derivad from an Icelandic word meaning serf. When a man in ancient timet in that land became a slava, either through capture in war or through accumulation of debt, hb new owner stood him against the door-poat of hb house and punctured the cartilage of hb ear. Thb was called thrilling the ear. The captive aflar that was a thirl, from which are get the Engiiah word thrill.

All of which coostitutee a hetpful little parable. A thrill

is generally looked upon as something quite derirable. But the derivation of the word leads UB to see that a life made up of thriUs b really not a happy life, but a way of servitude. The people who are always hunting thrilb are. as a matter of fact, slaves. They are of little value to themselves or others. Life for them has become an avid seeking after new and exciting experiences. and when a person gets to the place that hb b the main object of hb life, he b a slave indeed.

-By Elbka Da^lMS

AP Business Analyst

NEW YORK (AP) - The typical president of one of the nations larger banks probably holds an Ivy League degree, grew up in the local cooununity, b just over 50 and earns between $50,000 and $75.000 a year.

These are fndings of a study soon to be released of the 300 brgest baniis in the country. While it reinforces some stereotyped images of what a banker b, it abo proves that soma assump tioos are fallacies.

Bankers hours, for fjcample Most of the baibert

who responded about 66 per cent said that not only do they spend 50 hours or more a week at the office, but another fve to nine hours on civic and charitable activities.

Only one president told the researchers, Heidrick and Struggles. Inc.. a management consulting and executive selection firm, that he could complete hb work in less than 40 hours weekly.

The typical president abo seems to be younger than the stereotype, and he is becoming more so. The median age for bank presidents in the study was 51. In 1963 the medbn was 56

years, and one in three was over 60

The study also included 63 responses from the 100 largest bank holding companies, which proliferated during the past decade The holding company concept permite ownership not only of a bank but related companies.

Heidrick and Struggles attributed the declining age of the typical president to the development of the holding companies, which provide more room at the top and permit younger management to be brought along faster.

Holding company

presidents received considerably higher incomes, with the total of salary and bonus ranging between $100,000 and $150.000. but in many other respects their profiles are similar to those of bank presidents.

Both are likely to hold stock options, for example, and to have paid nMmberships in a town and a country club, aa well as the use of an automobile. 'They have deep roots la their com muni Vi^s, of tea having been bom there. Thtf are company men. maat likely having had only one ar two employers And they have that deep entanglemaat with Ivy League schoola.