Daily Reflector. GreenviUe, N.C.Toesday. Jaly 3. 1173

Health Care Adapts To Needs

By JACK W. RICHARDSON Administrator Pitt Memorial Hospital Guest EdittHia list ^

There ^re many uncertainties |p our journey through life. Man over the centuries has shown the

Behaviorism In The Classroom

By WILSON DAVIS UNC-GNews Bureau Director

GREENSBORO Systematic application of behavior modification principles may hold the key to solving many of the classroom management problems now facing public school teachers.

That is the view of Dr. Gary Sapp, an eduational psychologist and an assistant professor in the School of Education at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. However, he cautioned that effective use of this approach requires both training and a commitment by the teachers involved.

Dr. Sapp advocates a classroom management system based, in part, on some earlier findings by Dr. David Premack, an eminenet psychologist from the University of California at Santa Barbara.

He found that if you observe the behavior of a student over a period of time, you could determine his most frequent mode of conduct or high-probability behavior, noted Prof. Sapp. He then indicated in his research that if you choose another behavior that occurs less frequently, the student could be led to engage in the less frequent behavior jiist for the opportunity to engage in the high-probability behavior.

Several Approaches Dr. Sapp said a number of classroom management approaches are related to the research findings of Dr. Premack and those of other pshychologists. One involves activity reinforcers, whereby a student or a class is permitted to engage in a fun activity late providing he or they first participate in certain academic work. Another involves a point system in, for example, a language arts class. If a student earns a certain number of points for appropriate behavior, he is rewarded with the opportunity to play scrabble or some other word game.

Our approach involves rewarding the student for appropriate behavior and ignoring and punishing him ^ for inappropriate behavior. That (toesnt sound much different than anything teachers have done before, except that we say you have to be pretty systematic and consistent about it. This is where the training comes in. Anybody knows that when things get a little tough, its very difficult to control your own behavior. We try to help them do that through some techniques we teach.

Workshops For Teachers Dr. Sapp conducts a summer workshop at UNC-G for public school teachers who want to learn more about the use of behavior modification principles in their classrooms.

He said some of the teachers have told him that classroom behavior problems are really tough now. They say, Tve tried a lot of things and not much seems to work with these kids. The things that worked six to 10 years ago dont seem to have much effect now.

In Dr. Sapps view, several factors account for such classroom behavioral dif-ficuties. The changes resulting 'from intergrated schools are part of it, he noted, but only a part. All students are different than they used to be, he added. We have to realise that weve got a different kind of student now. Hes been watching TV may be four hours a day since the time he was a year old, and nothing much impresses him anymore. TTiere doesnt seem to be any tricks, games or gimmicks that can really excite him.

New Student Mix Dr. Sapp added, I think may be another reason is that we have some teachers who essentially learned to deal with only one segment of the population the highly motivated, middle-class kid who had been taught to sit still and read his books, and who prized educational endeavors fairly highly. But now, he noted, in integrated school systems they are encountering a different cross-section of students.

Another change, generally, lies in the tendency of some school administrators toward more reluctance to suspend unruly students, he added.

One ^^ult of all of this seems tcNbe some increased problems of classroom behavior, said Dr. Sapp.

Taking such factors into account, Sapp suggests that public school teachers opt for a more positive method of classroom management, api^ying the principles of bdiavior modification.

We tell a teacher to examine the assets inside her classroom that she has in dealing with her students. We tell her to look at what the student is getting for what he is doing, he explined.

When dealing with disadvantaged students. Dr? Sapp said he has found that it is important for them to have some type of position reaction in their school environment. And its extremely important for them to be successful, and to be successful

on a daily basis We

believe that one of the best ways of changing a students self-concept is to insure that if hes willing to make an initial effort, that he can undergo a success experience daily. This is the heart of the pr(^am.

Effective use of the principles of behavior modification is not easy, but Ih-. Sapp is convinced the approach can pay dividends.

It does require a commitment by teachers, and it requires careful planning, he stated.

ability to adapt to the many changes. The health care system we know today has made many changes and many more are oh the way.

In the year just passed we have seen the change m the phUosophy of providing grants to help construct new hospitals. Hospitals of the future will pay interest on loans and have to borrow commercially to expand. Our new hospital project has been affected as a result of this change, and we have ex- perienced some delays as a result of it. Never-toeless, a need still exists for expanding to meet the demands placed upon us, and we shall work to adopt to new methods of financing which should include some plans for regional support.

Patients do not stay in hospitals today as long as in years past. Changes are being made in your local hospital so that patients can go to surgery or so that medical tests and procedures can be performed without the patients staying overnight. Savings are pc^ible from 20-30 percent less than when admissions to ^pensive hospital beds are made necessary. This represents adjustment on behalf of the patient, the doctor, the insurance industry, and the hospital.

Education of hospital personnel both before mey begin to work in the hospital setting and on the job training are very important. The former nurses home here has been remodeled and designated as an education center where students from east Carolina University and Pitt Technical Instiute along with employees anbd members of the medical staff are provided classroom and conference area for continuing education. Fewer and fewer hospitals are now being built with a nurses residence as part of the facility. Here again, your hospital is adjusting to this change.

The future holds the promise of a new facility and a growing service area of responsibility for Pitt County Memorial Hospital. A regional rehabiBtation center here wiQ provice for services throughout eastern North Carolina. The many medical specialities represented by the growing medical staff will provide a wider range of service to all of this area. As our community develops and grows, plans ^ve been made to provide for the h^lth needs (rf the community by the foresight and vision of responsible citizens.

So, the future will hold for us uncertainties and more challenges to change, but it is comforting to know that here in Pitt County people are making plans to be ready for the adjustments.

Senator Scott Fleeing Ship?

By J.J. KILPATRICK

Those Bicentennial Blues

By HAL BOYLE NEW YORK (AP) Jumping to conclusions:

Some reformers believe that high taxes are a good way to curb sin. But since confirmed sinners are pretty determined people, it is likely that high taxes only make them more ingenious or, at times, a litUe more uncomfortable. But sin is kind of like education: it isnt what you paid for it that counts its what you get out of it.

Cats and women are getting away with more today than dogs and men did a generation ago. The world is getting more feline and female.

HAL

By JAMES J. KILPATRICK If you want something else to brood about these days, you might brood a while on this: If you had been bom, say, in 124, and had been 52 at the time of the Declaration of Independoice, would you have joined the American Revolution?

In my own case, candor compels a sad acknowledgement: Now, at 52,1 probably would have sat

the war out with the Tories I suppose I would have been so imbued with loyalty, law, and order, that I would have suffered the abuses of the Crown rather than take arms against them. At 52, I might have viewed old Benjamin ^anklin as a kind of Benjamin Spock; and I might have regarded 40-year-old

Patrick Henry as todays Virginia Tories regard their radical-lib Lieutenant Governor, Henry Howell. It is raining tonight, and my back aches.

But suppose, to be supposing, that you had been bora like Alexander Hamilton in 1757, or like John Marshall in 1755, and you had come to the Revolution at 19 or at 21? It probably would have been a different thing. The boldness and the audacity of the Revolution would have warmed the blood, and the visions of Tom Jefferson would have fired the mind. Die long train of abuses would have seemed in tolerable then.

Then rainy-day musings lead to the observation that todays young radicals quite

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By ROWLAND EVANS and ROBERT NOVAK

WASHINGTON - The paid deterioration of relations between the White"^ House and the Senate Republican leader, Sen. Hugh Scott of Pennsylvania, radically accelerated by the Watergate scandal, hit a new low last Tuesday when Schott spoiled administration efforts to delay passage of a gutted military foreign aid bill.

In the poisonously anti-Nixon, isolationist mood prevaUing in the Senate, the bill was cut to shreds. Aid to South Vietnam was severely restricted, reflecting the view of prominent Democratic Senators that President Thieus r^ime should be abandoned. No help was coming from President Nixon across the continent (sulking on the beach at San Clemente, in the disillusioned phrase of one supporter).

Given this situation, administration strategists figured the only possible course was to postpone the vote beyond June 30. That would provide a higher level of military aid temporarily and also buy time to improve aid to Vietnam. Accordingly, a meeting was scheduled for 2 p.m. Tuesday in the back room of Scotts minority leaders office just off the Senate floor to be attended by key pro-administration Senators and presidential aides. The subject: how best to achieve the delay.

While administration officials waited in Scotts outer office, 2 p.m. came and went. What they did not know was that Scott was holding his own unscheduled meeting at that moment in the Senate Republican cloakroom, a sacrosanct area barred to non-Senators. Scott told pro

administration Senators there was no point in delay. Without administration officials around to object, key Nixon backers agreed to go ahead.

The incident buttresses the widespread feeling, both in the Senate and the White House, that Scott is preparing to abandon the Nixon ship in the wreck of Watergate. Scott, a wily old political fox who can scent the trends, is moving toward charting his own course, developing his own legislative strategy and vastly enhancing his own power as White House power declines.

Although the White House depends on loyal Senators to manage specific legislation, they cannot interpose a pro-Nixon Senator between the White House and Scott as de facto Republican leader.

Early during the Nixon administration, Sen. Robert J. Dole of Kansas played that informal role as Nixon advocate, often in opposition to Scott. No more. Embittered by his humiliating experience as Republican national chairman, Dole tells fellow Senators that Mr. Nixon today commands only 19 to K sure votes in the 100-member Senatethe principal reason why Scott is charting his own course.

A footnote: Conservative Republican congressmen especially firebrand first-termersare plotting to purge Rep. John Anderson of Illinois as GOP caucus chairman because he opposes Mr. Nixons Indochina policy. Mentioned as successors are Reps. John Rhodes of Arizona, chairman of the House Republican Policy Committee, and Jack Edwards of Alabama. House

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Other Editors Say

Summation

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

The Watergate affair has been blamed for a lot of things in recent months. It has been said that the dollars plunge was caused by Watergate. Some have irrationally blamed inflation on Watergate. Others say our foreign relations have been damaged.

As bad as Watergate is and nobody can deny that its bad all is not lost. *

For those who have been caicerned over some of the alarming statements about what Watergate is doing to the country as a whole, then the remarks made by Rep. Wbur Mills might serve as a morale booster.

In a floor speech recently, the Arkansas Democratic leader had this to say:

Both abroad and at home, there are some who assume that the effect of this present period is a crisis in the orderly function of the American political system.

Projections are casually made that the ultimate end must and will be a state of paralysis for the government of the United States.

Any who proceed on these superficial premises any at home, any abroad, who decide to sell America shwt will discover in the not-too-distant future that they made the mistake of their lives and fortunes.

Congressman Mills goes on to say:

This is not said idly. The American system is unlike other systems. As the history of this centuiy has demonstrated time and again, the American systems has corrective powers and curative powers uniquely its own. What we see or should see in operation today is a system functioning at its best, curing and correcting itself, bolding true to its course.

The courts are functioning. The grand juries are functioning. The Congress is functioiing.

The conscience of the American petle is functioning powerfully. It is unrealistic and wholly out of jffoportion to dwell on the prospect that we may be heading for paralysis.

Thats a pretty good summation. Rep. Mills concludes with these words: I know, as every member of this House knows, the reaction of the people is not one of dejection, demoralization (Mr capitulation. Rather, the mood is just the opposite. On every hand, the people are saying loud and clear, Let us get moving again.

We hope his words are heeded nbt only in the nations capital but all over the country. Let the fcourts determine guilt or innocence and let the rest of us get on the more posive things.

probably are right, in their bitter accusation that the nations official celebration of the approaching bicentennial has been taken over by the Tories. The American Revolutionary Bicentennial Commission (ARBC) belatedly added a few young faces to its governing board some months ago, but this was mostly window-dressing. Sad to say, we are missing the bicentennail boat.

Therefore, vriiile it may seem sorely out of character, let me put in a small plug for the Peoples Bicentennial Commission, headed by Jeremy Rifkin, at 1346 Connecticut Avenue here in Washington. This is an aggregation of contemporary revolutionaries populists, socialists. New Leftists, hippies, yippies, bra-less girls and bearded men but to judge from the literature they are sending out, they are a lot closer to the true Spirit of 76 than the promoters, politicians, and P.R. men in charge of the ARBC.

The ARBC the official commission still if floundering badly. Lydon Johnson put some good people on the first commission, notably Carl Humelsine of Colonial Williamsburg, but Nixon lopped them off in favor of political appointees. A period of chaotic mismanagement followed. Executives came and went. Three years before the great day itself, the ARBC today has yet to get a handle on the meaning and the, opportunity of a bicentennial observance.

If the observance is to rekindle old principles, as even the Peoples Bicentennial Commission understands, there must be some elements of show biz. The PBC already has a professional theatre company on the road. But of greater importance are the efforts that must be made to achieve a newt comprehension of what the Revolution was all about, and to apply this comprehension to problems of our own time.

The Revolution was mostly _ about power: Where power lies, how it is exercised, how it is abused, how it must be restrained. But the Revolution also embraced radical ideas of the rights of man and the duties of government. These great torches ought to be raised again. We must see how far we have wandered from the

(Continued On Page 5)

BOYLE

Some people say they dont feel the inflation so much anymore. Thats because they are like a fellow dunked in the middle of the icy Atlantic ocean in February. He becomes numb before he drowns.

Only a man in love with a woman can be married to her 50 years and still find her a mystery. But that doesnt make him the dumbest man in his neighborhood. It makes him the richest.

If you think you neighbors call too often and stay too long, why not try a simple solution? Just serve leomonade.

For every person who is afraid of dying, there are three who are afraid of living.

Now that July is here, we can all recall what we were trying to remember last April better get the living room air conditioner repaired right away.

Throwing away or giving away an old sport coat is one of the greatest sacrifices a man has to make in his life. A well-worn jacket, a pair of cracked and wrinkled but comfortable shoes, even a tie he thought he looked dashing in back in 1946 these are mementoes of his yesterdays he clings to, even though they have been in the closet unworn for months or even years. When he puts them (Continued On Page 5)

40 Years Ago Today

40 YEARS AGO TODAY ByGWYNCOGHILL July 3.1933 Fire of undetermined origin last night gutted the home of E. G. Flanagan on South Evans Street. The fire was discovered in the attic of the beautiful two story home shortly after nine oclock.

The first of a series of united services of city churches to be conducted here each Sunday evening during the summer months was held at the court house here last night. Tlie series had been planned for the court house lawn but rain came during the late afternoon, wet the benches and grass, and dampened the spirits of some of the church goers, judging from the crowd which eventually assembled in the court room.

Protecting The Stockholders

Strength For Today

NO COMPLETE LIBERTY When a father once reproved his young son for some kind of misbehavior the youngster asked bitterly, Dad, when will I be old enough to do just what I want to do? To this the father made the wise reply, I dont know. Nobody has ever lived long enough to find out. Talk as we may about liberty, there is no complete liberty in the world for any human being, nor should there be. Federal and sUte laws, and city ordinances prevent us from doing countless thousands of things.

and no society would be worth living in if these prohibitions did not exist. The rules of etiquette prevent our doing many other things. Every business has its customs of the trade which no one can violate and still remain in good standing with his associates.

The only person who could possibly have complete liberty would be a savage living by himself in a desert. But when a second savage puts in his appearance, the liberty of the first is at an end.

by Earl Douglass

By JOHN CUNNIFF AP Business Analyst

NEW YORK (AP) -Protection for stock market investors has been improi^ since the' broker-dealer collapses of 1968-1970, but a rising curve of liquidations is still tieing up mUlions of dollars of custcnmer assets.

Moreover, there appears to be little assurance that the shakeout wont continue if trading volume remains low. Depressed income and higher overhead, especially for electronic e<)uipment, has many brokers on shaky financial ground.

These conclusions emerge from a study of various government and industry measures de^loped during the past three years to protect the investments of the nations 31.7 million stockholders when their brokers go out of business.

It was made at a time when forced liquidations and mergers are again rising. A government-industry corporation is now liquidating 87 firnjs, and the New York Stock exchange has 68 members under surveillance because of finances.

Nevertheless, the study shows that while brokerage houses are being forced out of business by poor bookkeeping, misconduct, higher operating costs and mismanagement, it is far less likely that:

1. The collapses will occur so suddenly as to catch regulatory officials unaware.

2. The liquidations will bring a recurrence of the confusion that accompanied the collapse of broker-dealers in the 1968-1970 period.

Customers still may have to wait many weeks for return of assets left with

liquidated brokers. The earliest completed liquidation by the Securities Industry Protection Corp. took 70 days, and in some instances the proceedings have lasted well over a year.

This does not mean all customers had to wait that long. Some received their money and securities in a few wedts.

While (xistomer losses were uncommon even before SIPC, there was no assurance of reimbursement other than the bankruptcy laws, which make general creditors of customers, and the increasingly reluctant voluntary action by the in-(histry. ^

SIPC, pronounced sipic, is widely C(i8idered to be the chief improvement in customer protecticsi since the debacles of 1968-1970. It guarantees investors agaimt losses of up to $50,000 in cash .

and securities resulting from liquidations.

Created by Congress, it is financed by broker-dealer assessments and hopes eventually to accumulate a $150 million fund. It is about half-way to that goal. In addition, it has the power to borrow $1 billion from the Treasury.

Based on financial and operationa 1-reports required by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the various exchanges, SIPC can determine if a firm needs to be liquidated. It has authority to arrange for a trustee and to immediately contact customers.

But before a firm lands in the hands of the protection corporation, its behavior is restrained and guided by several other important (ContinuedOn Pages)