4 The Daily Reflector, Greenville, N.C.Wednesday, February 21, 1973

New Rescue Building An Asset

SOUEEZI

Farmville has dedicated a new building for the Farmville Rescue Squad and the people of the area donated $6,200 on the same day to help finance the structure.

A radiothon on WFAG radio and other events raised the funds on Saturday. Some $6,000 was raised previously and th total funds will be applied to the $20,000 cost of the structure.

Kindergartens For Every Child

By BRYAN HAISLIP RALEIGH The North Carolina Constitution mandates the General Assembly to provide a uniform system of free public schools Wherein equal opportunities shall be provided for all students. Tax-supported kindergartens now are available to only some 3,500 of the states five-year-old population of approximarely 87,500. Proposals before the legislature call for serving an additional 18.814 by 1975.

BRYAN*

HAISLIP i^

Not until 1980, if the timetable adopted by the state board of education is followed, would the program give access to every child.

Rep. A. Hartwell Campbell of Wilson sees that as a contradiction to the constitutional requirement for uniformity that gives him serious reservations about the kindergarten bill.

So serious, in fact, that he has prepared an alternative approach which he will soon introduce. It would establish a six-week summer readiness course, including examination for physical or mental factors which might handicap learning, for all pupils entering the first grade.

The kindergarten bill carried signatures of 87 House members. Campbells measure is likely to go into the hopper with only his name attached.

Kindergarten Bandwagon The kindergarten cause counts Gov. Jim Holshouser among its supporters. One of the most lobbied topics so far this session, it has a cadre of educators and citizens at work persuading legislators to join the ranks.

Im flying in the face of a sacred cow, Campbell admitted. That doesnt worry me. I am concerned that the legislature and the public have an opportunity to consider alternatives before reaching a decision so far-reaching for our children.

At the start, Campbell emphasized he is not opposed to the kindergarten concept nor doubtful of its benefits to those children fortunate enough to be included. He supported the pilot project, initiated with a $1 million appropriation by the 19^ legislature. His three sons attended private kindergarten.

By the degree a state-supported program helps those it reaches, he argued, it discriminates against those it excludes. He said he has asked Atty. Gen. Robert Morgan for an opinion on what appears to be a conflict

with the Constitution in the kindergarten bill.

Operating all-day kindergartens will involve hardships for schools and families, particularly in rural units, Campbell predicted. Is it in the best interest of a five-year-old to put him on a bus with students up to the 12th grade to ride long distances every day? he asked. If I were a parent, Id debate very seriously whether to let my child go. Voluntary Participation The kindergarten program structure is voluntary, not compulsory as with other grades. School units may choose whether to put it in; if they decide against it, funds then can go to other units.

The result can be a concentration in city systems, with a further imbalance in opportunities between rural and urban children. Rep. Campbell contended.

If a stairway is to be constructed to a statewide system, he said, the steps should be built into the program rather than leaving some children behind at each stage. The precedent of history favors that route, he noted.

Thats how we increased the length of the school term to nine months, and added the twelfth grade, he explained.

His plan, if adopted, could be expanded until it reached the equivalent of a statewide kindergarten program, Campbell said. He evolved it himself, but he has talked with educators who see merit in the approach, he said.

Head Start Model Although he doesnt use the term, the Campbell proposal owes something to the model of Head Start programs for disadvantaged youngsters, familiar in many Tar Heel communities. In effect, it would be a statewide Head Start to prepare all Tar Heel children . for school experience.

The distinctive feature, Campbell said, would be a thorough examination to determine the childs physical and mental readiness for the rigors of the classroom Many students have been labeled dull in early grades because they could not hear or see well enough to stay up, he said.

Saving money isnt his primary objective, but his bill would serve that purpose, the Wilson legislator said. Preliminary research indicates a cost of some $19 million per year.

In comparison, the next stage of kindergarten development proposed by education officials would require $22 million. A fully implemented public kindergarten, reaching all five-year-olds, would cost $61.7 million per year.

"A summer program would use building we already have and teachers now on the payroll, Campbell explained.

The building contains a meetjng room, kitchen, storage room for first aid supplies, office restrooms and garage.

The new structure will makea fine home for the Farmville Rescue Squad which now numbers 21 members. It is another step in building the kind of rescue service which our county needs. ^

Most of our rescue squads are composed ot volunteer members and often equipment and buildings have been financed through community efforts.

It is good to know that trained rescue squads are available throughout the county for emergencies. The efforts to obtain the building at Farmville are characteristic of how rescue squad service has been expanded in Pitt County.

Deserving Honor For Senator Sam Ervin, Jr.

North Carolinas Senator Sam Ervin was winner of the first annual Thomas Jefferson award. He was cited as the one who best defends freedom of the press.

Certainly this award to Sen. Ervin was most deserving. He is a fierce supporter of the basic freedoms guarantees as provided in the Constitution. No doubt the senator long ago recognized that without press freedom our other liberties would soon be vulnerable.

We hope that Sen. Ervin will keep up his staunch defense of our individual liberties.

Trip To Peking Involves Risks

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W

By ROWLAND EVANS and ROBERT NOVAK WASHINGTON - The strong probability that Dr. Henry Kissingers latest visit to Communist China will sweeten relations between Washington and Peking carries with it an ominous risk: always-suspicious Moscow may read far too much into the new U. S. Chinese talks.

As one top expert says privately, The Soviets are climbing the wall over Kissingers Peking journey. The result, although still regarded as unlikely, could be a sudden Soviet decision to use force against its mortal enemy, Communist China, in a resumption of fighting in eastern Siberia.

It could again, not likely but possible a swift nuclear strike against the growing Chinese nuclear capability which, experts here estimate, will be beyond a sudden knockout punch from the Soviet Union or anywhere else by 1975.

Soviet leaders scoff at all such Western talk as abhorrent nonsense. Further, they read it as deliberately inspired anti-Soviet propaganda designed to pit super-power Russia against giant-power China, with Uncle Sam watching from the mountaintop and waiting to pick up the pieces.

In fact, however, that Soviet line grossly underestimates the Nixon-Kissinger teams own acute awareness that the game of triangular would politics now being played with Moscow and Peking is extremely dangerous to all three parties.

Sitting in the catbird seat rapidly warming its relations with both Moscow and Peking, the U. S.- is in a position to play one off against the other to diddle the commies, as one high official puts it, to Washingtons ownadvantage. Thus, any sudden indication

that Mr. Nixon is playing games with one of the Communist powers at the expense of the other could act immediately to destabilize to use the vernacular of Nixon aides U. S. relations with the suspicious power.

It is precisely such de-stabilization a possible by product of Kissingers warending visit to Peking with no parallel visit to Moscow that now worries ti^p policymakers here. Even wkh de-stabilizing the new harmony between Washington and Moscow, some experts here have been saying privately for months that the odds are at least 50-50 in favor of a Soviet strike against the growing Chinese nuclear arsenal.

If the Kremlin has actually pondered such a military strike, any hint that Washington and Peking were coming closer together, at Moscows expense, would obviously make it more likely.

The analogy used here takes the form of a question : How would Washington policymakers react if Mexico were about to reach a second- . strike nuclear capability against the U. S. ? Jhat is precisely the chilling prospect in China which now confronts Moscow.

It is certainly not the administrations purpose to wage psychological Warfare against Moscow by seeming to threaten intimacy with Peking at Moscows expense.

To the contrary, de-stabilization of relations with the Soviet Union is regarded with horror.

Thus, Kissingers agenda in Peking is actually loaded with mundane items; admitting American newsmen routinely, more cultural exchanges, more trade and, most important, a U. S. Chinese deal to help keep the peace in South east Asia. (Continued on page 6)

Strength For Today

The age in which we live is the most pleasant and comfortable that humanity has known in its history. But it is also a dangerous age. If there was ever a time when wars should cease upon the earth that time is right now, yet there are wars and rumors of war. The world has become a neighborhood. It should be a happy and satisfying assembling of good neighbors. It is far from that today. Nations are lunging at one anothers throats precisely as they did centuries ago.

The most appalling vice that has descended on our present generation is the use of habit-forming drugs. They literally tear the personalities of addicts into shreds. Fighting the desire for drugs, paying for them with the last cent one has, experiencing the family

disruption that usually

follows addiction these are the prices people pay when they fall victim to this evil.

Many courses of action are necessary as we confront the evil of drug addiction. One of these is heavy penalities for the pusher - especially those who push their wares among young people.

The drug pusher is even worse than a murderer, should be recognized for what he is and punished accordingly. He brings a ver-table hell into many houses. He tears lives apart and tramples on them. Happy the person \riio jiever gives in to the temptation to try the stuff. One such experience may lead to lifelong bondage.

By Earl Douglass

By ART BUCHWALD

All About Devaluation

WASHINGTON - All right, students, lets have a little quite in the classroom. Today we will discuss the American dollar and what has happened to it within the last week. Are there any questions?

What caused people abroad to lose faith in the American dollar?

There are many theories. One is that the Italian lira was in trouble so Italians sold their lira and bought dollars with them. Then they took the dollars to Switzerland and sold them for Swiss francs. The Swiss bankers were very perplexed about this, so they notified their Arab sheik oil clients that the Italians

Other Editors Say Not Just Retailer

< Washington Daily News)

We talk about the rising costs of merchandise in all fields of endeavor, and so often it seems that we, the ultimate consumers tend to blame the retailers for what is happening.

The determination of what a given item will sell for is made all the way from the beginning to the ultimate sale to the consumer.

Yet, a housewife will go to the grocery store and whereas last week she could buy three cans of tomatoes for 69 cents, she finds this week that the same three cans are selling for 71 cents. Immediately, she tells the retailer that he is unreasonable and that he ought to know better. But it so happens that the retailer had to pay the wholesaler 10 cents more per case. The wholesaler had to pay the processor more this week. The processor had to pay more for the tomatoes he bought this week on the open market. And all along the line a price increase is felt.

It even happens on given situations that the butcher in a super market is blamed for the increase in meat prices. Yet, if we go right down the line we find that step by step each one who had a part in the growing, processing, wholesale selling, and retailing had a part in the price increases.

We look at the prices of automobiles today and we know that the prices have gone up considerably in recent times. We are told that the costs of installing antipolluticm devices on autos have caused prices to go up. And not only those devices are involved, but then we learn that cars today, because of the devices, use more gasoline than was the case a few years ago.

Then we read reports that by 1976 the anti-pollution devices on cars will mean a general increase qf up to $60 on some models. Well, some devices are already in use, and already car buyers are feeling the price increases.

Yet. go to a car dealer today and it seems common tendency in so many cases to blame him along for the current price increase. In all truth, the car dealer might be as upset by the price increase as is the buyer. He may not be making any more profit on a given car now than he did four years ago.

What we are saying is ttiat in all lines of endeavor the rise in the prices is a fault of the handlers involved and not just the retailer. Whenever the retailer has to pay more for a given item, it simply means that he must sell it for more to the consumer or customer.

The profit motive is such that all along the line, the established profit margin must be maintained or else some cannot stay in business.

The producer, the middlemen, and the retailer are all a part of the story. But to blame only the retailer is totally unfair and unwarranted.

We saw tobacco in 1972 sell for more than ever before. Did it really occur to us that when we go to the store to buy tobacco products, that we shall have to pay more?

When the costs of raw materials go up, then we can be sure that the finished products will cost more at the market place. Add to the prices the rising costs of labor, increased taxes, and other increasing costs, and we begin to understand better.

thought the dollar was in trouble.

The Arab sheiks sold their dollars for German marks. Israeli intelligence picked this up and Israel started buying gold.

Multinational companies such as nr, General Motors and General Electric got wind of what the Israelis were up to and started dumping their dollars on the market in exchange for British pounds.

The British, who couldnt understand why anyone would want British pounds, sold their dollars for French francs. The French, suspecting a trick, started buying Japanese yen.

In order to keep their own money from being raised the Germans and the Japanese had to keep buying American dollars.

The situation got so serious that Germany and Japan told the United states that unless it did something about the dollar, they would both go to war with America again--and lose.

This would be too much for the United States to take, so the President decided on a 10 per cent devaluation of the dollar. Are there any other questions?

What is the advantage of devaluing the dollar? dollar?

We can sell our goods abroad which will cut down our balance-of-payments deficit. It our things are 10 per cent cheaper, foreign people will buy them. At the same time, it will cost 10 per cent more to buy things from abroad which will discourage Americans from purchasing imported items.

But if we stop buying things from countries abroad, why will they buy anything from us?

Thats a good question. Next?

Will the lack of confidence in the dollar have any effect on the American tourist Quite a bit. One day, if the dollar is doing well, you may be able to buy a bowl of soup. But if the dollar is doing badly, its quite possible you may starve to death. Id advise all tourists to carry a bag of diamonds with them, just in case no one abroad will (Continued on page 6)

Might

Inherit

Trait

By C.G. McDANlEL AP Science Writer CHICAGO (AP) ~ Five American and Danish psychiatrists say a study of adopted children who became alcoholics as adults suggests a tendency that the disease may be biologically inherited.

Tiey studied 55 Danish men who had been separated from their biological parents during early infancy, and one parent had been diagnosed as alct^ol-ic.

These were compared with 78 other adopted men whose bio-l(^ical parents had no known history of alcoholism.

The study found Uiat significantly more of the first group had a history of drinking problems and psychiatric treatment.

And the offspring of alcoholics also had a divorce rate three times that of the second group.

The study was outlined in the February issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry, published by the American Medical Association.

It was was done by Drs. Donald W. Goodwin and Samuel B. Guze of Washington University, St. Louis; Fini Schulsinger and Leif Hermansen of Kommune-hospitalet, Copenhagen; and George Winokur of the University of Iowa.

They attempted to separate biological from environmental factors in the development of alcoholism.

The American researchers collaborated with the Danes because Denmark is a closely knit society with centralized national records of adoptions, jMy-chiatric hospitalizations and criminal activities.

The men studied had an average age of 30, ranging in age from 23 to 45. All had been adopted before they were six weeks old.

Ten of die 55 offspring of an alcc^olic parent were found to be alcoholic, compared with four of the 78 whose parents were not alcoholic.

Twenty-two of the first group had received psychiatric treat-- ment, including nine alcoholics, while 19 of the control group had such treatment and two were alc(^olic.

Twenty-seven of the offsfning of alcoholics were divorced, while nine of the others were divorced.

40 Years Ago Today

ByGWYNCOGHILL February 21,1933 Following a night battle at the Jehol village of Chaoyangsfu, thirty miles west of Chinchow, the Manchiffian Japanese war machine moved into the Chinese province today while the Manchukuo government, established with Japanese assistance, prepared a twenty-four hour ultimatum calling upon (Hiinese forces to withdraw from the province.

In a special meeting yesterday the Board of County Commissioners put into effect a ten per cent cut in salaries of the countys constitutional officers and made cuts in the pay of jurors and court stenographer.

Offer Voluntary Meatless Day

Bv DON KENDALL AP Farm Writer

WASHINGTON (AP) -The Nixon administration, disclosing that food prices last month took the biggest jump in a generation, says consumers might consider going meatless one day a , week, or maybe switching from hamburger to cheese.

Agriculture Secretary Earl L. Butz said Tuesday that retail food prices in January rose the most in 20 to 25 years. The increase, he told a farm meeting, will be announced later this week by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

On Capitol Hill, Arthur F. Burns, chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, sqid

consumers worried about the high cost of meat, might try cheese until President Nixons actions to curb food costs become effective.

"I have nothing to suggest in the meantime except possibly that the American public will be just as well off if it spent less on meat and more on cheese, Bums told * a congressional committee.

On a purely voluntary basis. I think we would be just as well off if we had one meatless day a week, Burns said.

C. W. McMillan, executive vice president of the American National Cattlemen's Association, said Bums* iM'oposal was more jawbone than cheese.

It's part <rf the jawboning

thats associated with the administration trying to get beef prices down," McMillan told a reporter.

Butz, speaking to the opening session of an annual National Agricultural (Xitlook Conference, said the Consumer Price Index to be announced later this week will show retail food prices went up last month "2 to 3 per cent or something like that."

Further. Butz said, some bigcity reporters will interpret the rise as even larger, at an annual rate of 24 to 36 per cent, which would be grossly unfair" because such a projection does not e.xplain seasonal variations and volatility of farm prices.

During the last two

months we had seasonal wintertime rises in farm prices, largely due to weather and transportation shortages." Butz said. "Newspapers and press stories have blown these seasonal monthly rises into preposterous annual increases."

The monthly food-price announcement by the Bureau of Labor Statistics traditionally is closely guarded until released by the agencv in its monthly CPI report. *

Premature disclosure by Butz of the January figures was interpreted in some quarters as prompted by his determination to help head off adverse comment on policies aimed at controlling food prices.