4The Dally Reflector. GreeavUIe, N.C.-Tuesday, January 18, itJl

School Merger Orders Impact

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The federal court decision ordering a merger of the Richmond city school system with that of two suburban counties could have an impact upon local government operations far beyond the realm of puhlic school affairs.

^[n ordering the immediate merger to overcome what he termS inadequate school integration, toe federal judge termed local government boundaries merely a matter of convenience without genuine significance so far as public schools are concerned.

If, in the eyes of the federal courts, local government boundaries have no real meaning so far as schools are concerned, will they subsequently be regarded as having no si^ificance whatever? If local government boundaries may be struck down by the courts in an effort to provide uniform schools from one city or county to the next, is toe door being opened for similar action to provide other public services on a uniform basis?

There are such matters as police protection, fire protection, garbage collection, recreation

Pay Price For Clean Water

By BRYAN HAISLIP RALEIGH - Is clean water for North Carolina worth the price of a soft drink per week to you?

If the answer is Yes, you can mark a ballot for a $150 million bond issue for the purpose when you vote on May 6.

That estimate of the cost to the individual taxpayer of the

BRYAN HAISLIP

five-year bond program is given in a brochure distributed by the State Board of Water and Air Resources and the State Board of Health. The question-and-answer folder is a first effort in the campaign for approval of the clean water bonds.

A statewide committee, representing a spectrum of organizations, will be formed Feb. 1 to carry the ball for the bond issue. Preliminary plans were laid last week when Sen. Hector McGeachy of Cumberland, who guided the bond bill through the legislature last year, met with a group in Raleigh.

McGeachy said his race for Congress in the Seventh District will keep him from taking a leading role in the statewide bond campaign. He urged the creation of a citizens committee to coordinate and direct promotion of the bonds.

Low-Key Campaign

A low-key, informational program is in prospect, said S. Leigh Wilson, executive director of the N. C. League of Municipalities which hosted the meeting.

We will concentrate on getting the facts before the people, he said. Emphasis will be placed on local-level activity, he added.

Political campaigns going on at the same time will compete for public attention, but should help rather than hinder the bond cause, Wilson said. There are no partisan overtones to the bonds, he noted, and the party primaries should bring voters to the polls.

In my opinion, if every candidate running endorsed the clean water bonds, it would help him and help the bonds, too, Wilson com mented.

Current concern with the environment should boost the bonds. Everybody asks, What can I do about pollution? Heres an answer: Vote for the clean water bonds, Wilson said.

State Takes Role Traditionally, financing water and sewer facilities has been a municipal responsibility. In recent years, the federal government has entered the picture through grant-in-aid programs. Counties interested in economic.! development have found it necessary to plan for adequate water supply and waste disposal systems.

The 71 General Assembly accepted a state role, through a $4*^ million appropriation to aid local governments with water and sewer facilities and by submitting the bond issue to the people.

Its passage will bring a bonus of additional federal dollars, Wilson pointed out.

As an incentive to involve states in the task of securing clean water. Congress provided for increased federal participation when state funds are available. Thus, rather than 30 per cent of construction costs to supplement local funds, federal grants go up to 50 per cent for projects which have state and local financing.

$697 Million Needed 'That means the $150 million in state bonds, supplemented by local money and federal grants, would go a long way to meeting the projected needs of $697 million over the next five years to provide adequate public facilities for sewage collection and treatment and for public water supply systems.

Local governments are shouldering their part of the staggering cost to obtain clean water, Wilson said. Last year, local bond issues totaling nearly $80 million were approved.

The state bonds would be issued at the rate of $30 million each year. Of the $150 million total, $75 million would be allocated for pollution control; $70 million for water supply systems; and $5 million to a contingency account.

To assure that bond proceeds will be spread across the state, the General Assembly directed that one-half be allotted among the counties on the basis of population. 'The other one-half will be distributed as needed to match federal grants.

The Daily Reflector

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programs and a host of other local government activities which vary widely from one local government unit to another. While these services may be provided to a greater degree from local tax funds than in toe case with public schods, state and federal funds find their way into almost every phase of every l(x:al government operation.

Local governments are an important part of the system of government in this nation. If they are to function as they should they must be respected by toe state and federal levels of governments and by the courts as well. Otherwise the day will come when self-determination at the local level will disappear altogether. In the place of what are now local government units there will be only smaller divisions of federal or state governments assigned supervisory duties.

In its broadest sense, the Richmond school ruling poses a threat to local government structure as it now exists throughout the United States.

J. Edgar Has Won A Respite

aut(x:ratic rule of the FBI officials from all the departments strategy meetings.

Moreover, Mardian is well aware of the little-known (ruth about the FBI today: with agents unequalled as law enforcement officers, its present performance is well below what it could be or should be. Far too much attention is spent on arresting petty thieves and catching Army deserters, not nearly enough on domestic intelligence and foreign espionage agents.

The FBIs inadequate record in the security field is attributed directly to Hoover. Although excoriated by civil libertarians, he actually has placed severe restrictions on use of wire taps and other techniques by his agents in security and intelligence work. Why? Fear of unfavorable publicity.

But worst of all is the shocking state of the bureaus morale. Justice Department officials and U.S. attorneys complain that highly competent agents are stripped of imagination and daring for fear of taking an unusual initiative that might bring a dreaded letter of censure from the ubiquitous Director. No agency in the government is so widely and closely controlled from the top by a single man.

The result: most agents, particularly those in security work, would welcome a new Director even though they subconsciously fear what might happen to the FBI, molded for 47 years in Hoovers image, when the change comes.

But few agents in the field think that time will come anytime soon. The purge of high FBI officials who had been privately critical of Hoover, including some with close contacts in the Justice Department, deeply impressed agents in the field with Hoovers undiluted and dangerous omnipotence. They also find the same J. Edgar still making even Presidents dance to his tune. At least until after the 1972 election. President Nixon will keep right on dancing.

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By ROWLAND EVANS and ROBERT NOVAK

WASHINGTON - A decision made early last autumn at the highest levels of the Nixon administration to try to ease out^. Edgar Hoover as Director of the Federal Buraii of Investigation was sidetracked when President Nixon himself changed his mind.

'The scenario worked out called for a dramatic summit meeting at the White House between President and Director in which Mr. Nixon would praise Hoover and then ask for his resignation. 'The meeting took place, but the President never spoke his lines, never asked Hoover to quit.

Now, in a Presidential election year. Administration officials believe it is too late to dispose of Hoover until after the election. Yet, these officials are of the same mind they were in writing last autumns aborted scenario. They feel the FBI is in troubletrouble that cannot be dealt with until Hoover is gone.

This bazaare situation underlines one of the major arguments for Hoover leaving: after 47 years running the FBI, Hoovers independent political power is so formidable that even the President himself shrinks from asking him to quit and will not even consider removing him in an election year.

In fact. Administration officials are so awed by Hoovers popular support that they will not publicly admit any displeasure at all. 'Their public position is that the 77-year-old Hoover can remain as Director (1) as long as he wants to and (2) as long as he is physically and mentally capable, adding hastily that both conditions now prevail.

Their private opinion is something else. They concede that the FBI has gone downhill as a law enforcement agency and squarely blame Hoover. Only a new Director can reform the bureau, they believe.

Although right-wing groups staunchly defend Hoover from all attacks and leftists regularly demand his dismissal, the question is not basically ideological. Thus, the leading advocate of Hoovers dismissal inside the Administration is one of the Justice Departments most militant anti-Communists and law-and-order advocates: Assistant Atty. (Jen. Robert Mardian, a Goldwater Republican not hitherto accused of liberalism.

From the time he took over the Justice Departments internal security division in November 1970, Mardian has been shocked at Hoovers

Quotes

The good that is in you is the good that you do for others. Roger Babson.

My great concern is not whether God is on our side, my great concern is to be on (Jods side. Abraham Lincoln.

The block of granite which was an obstacle in the pathway of the weak, becomes a stepping stone in the pathway of the strong. 'Thomas Carlyle.

Strength For Today

WE CAN GIVE LIFE RELISH Many people complain that life has lost its relish for them. Where this is ture, people need a little salt to bring out the latent flavors of life.

They may think that what they need to make life more palatable is more sugar. But this is a mistake. Sugar has its place, but it does not bring out the latent flavors of food and give it relish. This is done only with salt. Yet salt in itself is most disagreeable to the taste. Sugar by itself is very pleasant, and people are often sugar-minded then they are salt-minded. But a little pinch of salt added to a flat and tasteless dish will

transform it into something really delectable.

Life often becomes fiat and tasteless, and when it does, people long for the sugar bowl. If they can sweeten life up a bit, they believe, they will be happy. But God more often sprinkles a little bit of the salt of discipline over our lives, gives us a few reverses, makes us face a few hard things, and life that before was tasteless becomes a thing of relish. We may not like salt, and we may be very fond of sugar, but a little dash of untoward circumstances, a few disappointments and reverses, often make a tasteless life savory and palatable.

-~By Earl Douglass.

''Ff ^il vDii ill llie rihl diivrliiMi.

llial's hIiv ... ynii stu|iil niiik*r

By J.J. KILPATRICK

State Control Spectre

Let me come back to the case of Wisconsin v. Yoder, now pending in the U.S. Supreme Court, and attempt to knit together a few current ideas on the oldest struggle in civilized society the struggle between the individual, seeking freedom, and the state, seeking order.

'The Yoder case involves the conviction of three Amish fathers who refused on religious grounds to send their children to high school. They thus violated the

Wisconsin compulsory school attendance law; they did this willfully and knowingly, and the facts are not in question.

But if the issue in Yoder is narrow as a matter of law, it is broad in terms of social policy. The case offers an opportunity to re-examine the whole theory of compulsory school attendance; and in conjunction with other rethinking of the increasing regimentation of American life.

'The argument advanced by

Other Editors Say A Supporting Cast

(Jacksonville Daily News)

A national magazine recently pictured the travail of residents of the countrys biggest city, showing how they have been forced literally to imprison themselves in their apartments behind barred windows and double-, triple- or quadruple-locked doors.

Even so, most of them have experienced break-ins despite their most elaborate precautions.

At about the same time, a newspaper in the same city described the problems of the residents of one fashionable street in the East 70s specifically, the problem of finding parking spaces for their cars, as well as finding the cars themselves if they were left unwatched for any length of time.

New York, fortunately, is unlike any other place in the country. Yet the crime problem its citizens must contend with, while larger than that of any other city simply because New York is larger, is the same kind of crime problem more and more Americans are beginning to worry about and to know firsthand even in small towns.

And there is a very startling truth which can be read between the lines in both these articles:

Just as there must be two dishonest people for any confidence game to work the con man and his greedy victim those who pillage apartments or steal cars or hijack trucks or rob stores would be stuck with their goods, which they really have no use for, were there not someone willing to buy their merchandise at an attractive discount.

For instance, one of the car owners in the newspaper article had two hubcaps stolen. He was advised to let it be known that he was in the market for two replacements, and he would have done so except that he was afraid that thieves would steal his two remaining hubcaps and try to sell them back to him.

Unlike confidence-game crime, however, there is usually a third party involved in robbery and burglary the fence, who is the middleman between the criminal and the supposedly honest citizen.

Wisconsin, through its able Assistant Attorney Gaieral John William Calhoun, goes to this effect: That the state has the inherent power to preserve itself; that an enlightened and prosperous citizenry, capable of understanding democratic processes and of maintaining a government, is essential to such preservation; that only through education can this compelling purpose be achieved; and that the state therefore has the right, the power and the duty to define education and to insist that its requirements be met.

Calhoun also argues that children have rights, as a matter of law, that transcaid the rights of their parents as a matter of parenthood. Die right of an Amish child to a high school education, he contends, is at least equal to the rights of the black children in the famous school segregation cases of 1954.

'The Amish respond to this effect: 'That their religious community has an impeccable record of good citizenship and presents no danger whatever to preservation of the state; that their children are in fact educated in farm husbandry and homemaking; that members of the community are free to leave if they choose, and that some do; and that the Amish prohibition against higher education, as an essential part of their faith, is constitutionally protected under their First Amendment right to the free exercise of religion.

The issue is thus joined. Does the state have the exclusive power to define education and to compel adherence to its requirements? In the past,

(Continued on page 5)

mg Dreams Change

By^HAL BOYLE

NEW YORK (AP) - Courtship is the way life gleams Marriage is the way life is.

He used to give her posies. Now, after 25 years of marriage, he bringi her in a pale hrniato he grew in the badt-yard as if it were a thousand roses.

In the (dd days they tdd each other there would always be

perfect truth between them. But the time has come when, if he tells her something, neither of them is sure whether he is fibbing or not. He tells her whaUi^ convenient.

ThOT^he dreamed of her every night when they parted. Now, evory ni^t, he has nightmares abcit 8<Mne aspect <rf hit job-and how he has fouled it up again.

She remembers fondly the poetry he once read aloud to her in her small apartmait by the light of a siiile glimmering candle. And what is the last thing he read to her lately? It was the riot act, wasnt It?

They were wonderful, they were, those long strolls in the moonlight together, side by side, arm in arm, they took whi they were still falling in love. Now when they go for a walkand seldom it is that they dohe walks three steps ahead if he is mad at her, and she walks three steps ahead if ^e is mad at him.

It was fun in the old days to work the crossword puzzle in the Sunday newspaper together, sprawled like a young god and goddess on the floor of his tiny apartment. Now he lies in bed until noon on Sunday, and all he wants to read is the sports section.

When she was a bride, she couldnt wait for him to come home from work to point, out the new flower that hid bloomed on the plant in their kitchen window. Today when he comes home he doesnt want td see a flower, he doesnt want to hear whether the kids are flunking or passing in college, All he wants when he opens the door is to see her standing there, holding out to him a freshly made martini. The quarrel starts after the third martini.

He used to have eyes only for her, and swore no other girl on earth was worth a second look. Now at cocktail parties he makes big talk with every strange blonde under 40, and she suspects that at the office he has begun taking his new secretary to lunch three times a week.

%e wonders what has changed him from the shy, grave, chivalrous lad who led her so happily to the altar. What happened to them? Was it ha- fault? Could things have turned out differently?

No, no ones to blame. The boy simply married her, turned into an American husbandand grew older.

Opinion

"Truth is the foundation of all knowledge and the cement of all societies. John EhYden.

Industrialists OK 4-Day Week

By ELMER ROESSNER

The four-day, 40-hour week is cheered by an industrialist and opposed by two labor leaders in the January issue of Manpower, the Labor Departments slick monthly. The debate is confined to the 40-hour week. If it were on a four-day, 32-hour week, the industrialist might have been less enthusiastic and the labor leaders more receptive.

The industrialist is W. Hunter Simpson, president of Physi-Control Corp. of Seattle and formr official of the Western Eelectronic Manufacturers Association. The labor spokesmen are Jacob (Jlayman, a director of the AFL-CIO Industrial Union Department, and Thomas Hannigan, director of research and education for the Internationa] Brotherhood of Electrical Workers.

Simpson makes these points;

. 'The 40-hour week provides close to maximum efficiency. It was established by law not to increase overtime earnings but to increase employment (which makes it a hot topic today).

. The 4-40 plan has allowed

ELMER

ROESSNER

companies to make more efficient use of land, building and capital equipment. It does not necessitate a three-day shutdown, but permits a company to schedule a longer workday without paying overtime, obtaining 25 per cent more use of equipment during the basic work week.

. It results in lower turnover, less absenteeism and more unsolicited job ap

plications.

It reduces traffic congestion and pollution.

. With vacations, it reduces an employees work year to 193 days.

. Assertions that fatigue increases after eight hours are unproved. There is no way to measure fatigue, which varies from job to job.

. The shorter work week will come eventually; the problem of effective use of the three-day weekend will have to be solved.

dayman and Hannigan made these points;

. The 4-40 plan threatens the eight-hour day, a labor objective since the turn of the century.

. The main object is greater productivity and higher profits; labor is entitled to a share of any increased profits in the form of premium pay for work over eight hours.

The advantage of bun

ching leisure time is, in most cases, offset by disadvantages of bunching work.

. A lOhour day is actually 12 or more hours portal to portal, which is bound to have adverse effects on workers and their families.

. Transportation will be more difficult; car pools will be harder to arrange; afterdark travel in winter is dangerous.

. The four-day work week does not guarantee a longer weekend because it may mean night shifts and different days off each week. Workers will be isolated from friends and families.

. It will interfere with evening education efforts.

. Workers on a 10-hour day would lose 10 per cent of their pay in loss of overtime premiums.

. 'Hie 10-hour day will worsen exposure to toxic fumes, noise, hazardous materials, fatigue.