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li^ialatuFes Vlet I^sponsibi

K ^ Whil Congreas takes a pl^sive attitude to-wM*d^th <me-man-one-vote decision of the U.S. Supreme Court, state legislatures are following the only course open to them to challenge this ruling of the nations highest tribunal.

Twenty*one state legislatures have passed

WIT'

is the only valid houses of state

court's decision that popula consideration in apportio legislatures. '

j North Carolina's House has'given approval to a resolution asking, for a constitutional amendment which would permit consideration of factors other

resolutions calling for a constitutional' convention than population in determining representation in

to seek an amendment which would overrule the

one house of bicameral state legislatures. The State Senate should give its approval to this measure and

Senator il^roved A? Point

put North Carolina in the ranks of states which , are officially

By WUXIAM A. SHIRES

POINT The chairman of > tlie Senate Appropriations committee, Thomas J. White Jr. of Lendr, is a. lawyer-lcglsla-tor who likes to prove his points. And he has Jpst proved one.

Cliairman White contended on the Senate floor several ^ weeks ago that sooner or later In this session of the General Assembly the matter of expanding the CoiMsolldated University by adding a Charlotte cam-' pus would come before his money committee. , . ,

He was asking that the Charlotte College btll, already^siffn-; ed by every member <rf *t li e uw>er chambw, be referred to Appropriations for furt her study. White wanted more information on what additional costs would be Involved,' what further budget requests might be fortbconng.

It was said In rebuttal tnat the bm to. bring Chfirlptte College Into.the university system simply Involved a principle, and those who feared Whites Apprc^rlations committee argued that It carried no aw?ro-Pdatlon.

White Insisted that it would. In; fact. Involve, appropriations If nothing more than mere transfer- on of Hne-item >

awroiMlatiwis'^r CSiarlot t e &^ge to tbe'coQsolldated university.

BILLS The Charlotte College bill was enacted. White quietly began doing some arithmetic to dramatize the prov-'ing (tf his point, which he did this week.

missira had recommended and what the Consolidated University would request.

These, of course, might be exactly the same. Even sq, White felt his point would have been made. And be also knew that Charlotte College whUa looking toward university status had requested biennial api-oprlati(H)6> far exceeding wftat the budg'et commission finally recommended.

,The H(aise bills introduced on the fii^t 'day of the 1965 session,' reflecting the budget commlssionls.. recoixunenda-tloas; would' appropriate $1,-

protesting the recent Supreme Court ruling.

From a realistic standpoint^ it should be entirely unnecessary, for the individual states to take, this course in seeking redress for this controversial decision of the Supreme' Court. Congress itself, if it would, could offer a constitutional amendment to overrule the court decision. Unfortunately, how

ever, the Congress has passively let such- a measure be bottled up in committee and has' shown no

2M ,000 .to CJiarlotte College for 1965-67

WnXIAM

SHlBEg

If no one else remembered. White knew that he had not^ yet introduced'the Senate ver- -filons of the biennial appropriations bUls. These measures were sent up on Feb. 3 in the

chairman A. A. (Gus) ZoUicof-ier.

So White chose to delete the rec<nmended ai^Tropriati o n s for Charlotte College from the Senate bills and did so, on grounds that Charlotte College legally will cease to exist as . a four - year stttte - suiHx>rted college as of July 1 when the 1965-67 biennium begins.

What he did. in effect, forced consolidated university officials to COTtie forw./d and present their formal requests for funds for (H?erating and improving the new Charlotte campus requests which had to be submitted to Whites Appropriations committee.

AMOUNTS The doUar amounts involved in- deleticm of Charlotte College Items in Whites Appropriations bills total more than three million dollars.

As chairman of the Advisory Budget Ccnnmlsslon as well as of Senate Appropriations, White wanted the record made clear ,as to what the Budget Com-

and $1.544,764 for 1966-67 for current operations. The capital improvements appropriation -for the Charlotte campus, 'slashed very deeply from requests,* was $615.060 for the biennleum. All these appropriations were deted entirely in Whites versions. -COSTS All^ told, recommended current operating budgets for the three present campuses ol the Coiisolidated University, division of Health Affairs -and .general administrar-tion already total more than $60 mWoip.

White Intended that the university spell out what Increases it would reqidre and request, for generaT lninlstra-tion, addlttmtal operating, enrichment ; and ' permanent) im-Wvemnts expense Involved in bringing the. Charlotte campus into the University system.

For comparison purposes, re-' commended appropriations to cover costs of general administration ' of the Consolidated University already are more than $1 million a year. Not counting a sbigle penny for new buildings, dormitories, laboratories, recommended ap-^propriations for the University at Chapel Hill total more than $25 million for the biennium. The divisiqn of Health Affairs, also at Chapel Hill, is ticketed for approximately $9 million. Recommended appropriations for North Carolina State total some $21 mlUlpn for the biennium. The current (rating budget for the Greensboro campus is more than $7 million.

PEES Senate lawyers <m a judiciary conmlttee. are taking a close look at a House-Approved measure Jw Re_2-Allen C. Barbee of Nash which might affect lawyers fees in estate litigation.

Barbees bill would spell out that if a Judge finds such a contest without substantial merit, or of frivolous nature, he might refuse to allow payment of attorrfeys fees from the contested estate. Barbee believes judges naay already,have this authority, but believes his blU would further discourage the lUng of suits contesting estates.

He adds that a legal contest over a $1.25 million estate of the late A. J. Mims bought by a Rocky Mount painting contractor could have had something to dc with his introducing the bill. A jury ruled against the painting contractors claims to a sizeable portion of the Mims fortune but the judge in the case awarded $12,000 from the estate to the contractors attorneys for their fees. Barbee said Mims heirs protested that this award was an outrage.

indication of trying'to get the measure to the Floor for action.

The Congress is composed oi two houses, only one of which is apportioned according to population of the several states. If Congress recognizes the wisdom of this arrangement for the legislative arm of the federal government, it should likewise recognise the wisdom of the states following a similar-arrangement in setting up their own legislative branches of government. It should move on its own initiative to preserve the legislative system at all' levels of government rather than rolling over and playing dead in the wake of the Supreme Court ^decision.

Congress, whose members so often have criticized states for failing to meet their responsibilities, has abandoned its own responsibility in the face of this Supreme Court decision. State legislatures are forced, therefore, to directly seek a constitutional convention to achieve what Congress will not do.

North Carolina shouM be a part of this effort to . preserve the legislative system of state governments.. .

1

njoys

i QCtlC

By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN Copyright. 1965. King Feature* Syndicate. Inc.

Pickpockets often work in pairs. One will create a diver-fiion while the other, under the cover of excitement or confusion. will go for your wallet.

This is a simple fact of life among the lips. It is also a simple fact of life among the Communists. They' create a tremendous hullabaloo In (xne area of the globe, meanwhile dipping into their enemys pock-^ets elsewhere. We have Just seen a prime example of tMa technique in the Soviet use of the Vietnam emergency to cover the development of a Communist power play in Cuba. The Soviets Gromyko was, so the whisper went out, not averse to talking about negotiating a neutralist solution for Southeast Asia. But of

conning the West, GWin^o answer was, In effect,^no soap. Meanwhile, with President Johnson so committed to the success of a strong policy in Vietnam that he has little time and energy to spare on the Caribbean, the Russians have been busy as beavers riveting their control of Castros Cuba and sowing seeds* of future uprisings In i Latin America.

Great Challenae

By ART BUCHWALD

By JAMES MARLOW WASHINGTON (AP) President Warren G. Harding said God, what a J(*, but President Johnson has the same relish for it that President Franklin D. Roosevelt did. Roosevelt and Johnson have had more than that In cranmon.

Historians put Roosevelt, who started out promising a New Deal, among the great presidents. It seems clear, from the sweep of his programs and his promises of a Great Society, that Johnson hopes to be In the same group.

Johnswi, always Impressed by Roosevelt, Is operating in much the same manner: action, bold and broad proposals, and expressed concern for peo-

ple. ........ _...............V__________________

The direction of the two men is the same even though Roose-

In doing so the wealthy and aristocratic Roosevelt antagonized business and was regarded as a radical and traitor to his class by the weU-to-do but he was basically a conservative trying to catch up with the times.

Johnson learned from Roosevelts mistakes in dealing with big business and is courting it as Zealously as labor although his programs wont have the same wide and far-reaching effect on business and the rich as Roosevelts.

But then Roosevelt was dealing with a crisis that Johnson doesnt face.

Johnson, who switched ground during his 23 years in Congress, so far has escaped any flat tags of left or right -althoughr ler hk- str^jgh port of civil rights, segregationist Southerners may consld-

iQKe

"1*

ustices

Last week the House of Representatives defeated a bill to give the nine members of the United States Supreme Court a raise of $3,000, and all I can say is, its about time. When you think of some of the decisions the Justices have been making in the last few years, its surprising the Congressmen didnt vote to close down the Supreme Court altogether.

By refusing to give the Supreme Court Justices a raise. Congress was saying in effect, We may not agree with what you say, but well defend to the death our right to see you dont get any extra money for saying it.

As everyone is aware, the

JLimrefnA. r*QMT-f

United States are only in their jobs because of the money. If you start hitting them in the pocketbook, theyll think twice about making a decision that will offend members of Congress.

Up until recently the Jlouse of Representatives has had little to say about what goes on in the Supreme Court, but everyone hopes that this will soon be corrected. You cant have a government with three separate branches of government all going in different directions, no matter what the Constitution says.

Our Congressmen havp shown great patience with the Judiciary, but the S u p f e m.e Court^ has 4nsiste~s- remafe- -

15 me same even luuugn xwwc- uomsi souinemers may consia-

velt took over in the depths of er him a traitor to his South- jt ll

depression while ^Johnson be- em background. ' LI IwJ.

Better

gan his four-year term last January when, to use his own description, the economy was excellent.

Johnson even uses some of the words, goals, and Ideas of his mentor.

JAMEB

M[ABLOW

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED

DAVID JULIAN WHICHARD, Chairman of The Board

Published Every Afternoon Except Sunday Established 1882 JOHN S. WHICHARO-DAVID J. WHICHARD Publishers

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MEMBER ASSOCIATED PRESS Hi AasocUied Press Is exclusively entitled to use for pubU-cation all news dispatches credited to It or not otherwise cradltad to this paper and also the local news pupfollshed haraln. 'All rights of pubUcationa iof special dispatches hers ara also raaenred.

Jiambar Audit Bureau of Circulation.

*** rtcalvad at least one day before

11116 generation of Americans has a rendezvous with destiny, Roosevelt said in accepting renomlnatlon in 1936. Johnson in his inaugural last January said, For every generation there is a destiny. In his first Inaugural Roosevelt said, This nation asks for action. Johnson promised action in his inaugural. Starting out in the presidency, Roosevelt said, Our primary task is to put people to work. Johnson In his economic report this year put employment first among this countrys unfinished tasks.

In his 1933 inaugural Roosevelt. rattled off a list of programs he wanted Congress to approve. In his Inaugural Johnson rattled off almost 50 proposals he wants action on.

Roosevelt created an American social revolution out of the necessity of depression, although actually he was only trying to bring the long tardy United States abreast of policies reached by European countrle years before.

But the programs Johnson has handed Congress are generally in the tradition of the New Deal: medical care for the aged, aid to education, antipoverty, housing, and others.

Johnson had far more experience in government and with Congress than Roosevelt and the experience is beginning to show.

For instance, where Roosevelt was able to get through somt of his programs in a moment of national desperation, but did *badly 1 a t e r, Johnson, under no such pressure, is making astonish I n g progress and hopes / to con

tinue.

Only time will tell whether Johnson and Roosevelt had

something else in common: much less concern about foreign problems than domestic ones.

If Roosevelt had shown more awareness of what was building up in Europe before Hitler went to war, and more leadership In trying to thwart it or get prepared for it, history might have been different.

Because of his long service In Congress, almost all of

Johnsons experience has been in domestic affairs, not in foreign ones. And he has said very little about them after 16 months In office, compared with all he has said about the problems at home.

Eciitors Saying.. Left Unsaid

(Sanford Herald)

How will Governor Dan K. Moores history lesson at the North Carolina Education Association In Asheville be recorded in Uie school history books? It will be interesting to watch.

Prom this viewpoint In the verbal fencing between the governor and the NCEA, It would appear that the governor had prior to -his lesson scored heavily. Only the day before, he had recommended in his first budget mess age lavish expenditures for education, including salary raises for teachers. Moore enjoyed the undisputed advantage of presenting, backed by cold dollar and cent requests, a more ambitious program than ever his predecessor In office, Terry Sanford, a man known as an education governor.

Moore is the governor of all North Californians, teach e r s Included. Many will resent and regard as rude his statements .on the convention floor regarding the NCIEAs leadership.

The truth of the matter 1s that the staff of your organization fought me with all the power at its command, every step of the way during the primary struggles, said the governor.

Being'human, if is easy to see how the governor was tempted, and understandable that he would resent (as he noted) any Implication that pressure of the NCEA lobbyists well known to be the best organized and best ftaan-ced'around Raleigh had an effect on his budget message.

His statement about how he fared personally in the primaries at the hands of the teachers, however true, would better have been left unsaid.

It certainly would have made Part 'Two of the lesson more effective.

I suggest, the govern 0 r said, that the NCEA re-examine it apparent policy of participating actively In Democratic primaries. Your organization -should reflect the high calling of your profession, rather than an organized political machine. '

Those at the convention said-one could have heard a pin drop in the auditorium.

Some will applaud Moores courage to spell It out. But, the very fact that he stood there as governor, admittedly without the aid nd support of the NCTEA, was something of a political miracle and a personal tribute. It needed no underlining with bitter, personal references.

Ing Indepeh'dent, because - it thought It was Immune to the desires of the legislative branch of the government. Little did the nine Justices realize that Congress controlled their bread and butter (and pensions) and the Representatives would have to do something drastic to get the Justices in line.

By serving notice on the Supreme Court, that it cant ex-pect any raises from Congress until It toes the line, the House of Representatives has dbne a great service to the ccmntry.

Some editorials have been written to the effect that Congress had refused the pay raises to get revenge on the court for such unpopular court -declsiomk- as 4he^ -reappori^ ment of Congressional districts. But anyone who has talked to our Representatives knows they wouldnt stoop to anything ^ like that. Gur Congressmen are not out for blood. If the Supreme Court plays along with them, theyir play along w'ith the Supreme Court. But there is no reason to waste taxpayers' money on nine men who are deciding Issues differently from the- way Congress sees them.

I think after last week we can expect an entirely different Supreme Court from the one weve had In the past. I have it on good authority that the wives of our Justices were counting on the extra $3,000 raise and have told their husbands to be more, cooperative with the members of Congress in the future.

Some wives have asked their husbands to consult with the various Congressional chairmen before handing down any important decisions.

In this way they can appease Congress and hope that the House will reconsider their raises in the next session of Congress,

The* decision to veto the Supreme Court Jvjstices raises

On February 17 the Soviets announced a <$640 million trade agreement with Chiba. But this is only the frosting on the cake of Soviet commitment to the maintenance <rf their con- ' trol of Fidel Castro. Recent es- , capees from Chiba such as Jose ' Luis Benedetti Lopez, a pilot ' of lighter Patria. which sa-ed to the U.S. after deserting ' its Job of loading and unload- 1 ing ships In the harbor of Ma- > tanzas, bring news that supposed allies such fuf Italy , have taken over the business of transporting oil and other consumable items that Castro needs. This has allowed the Soviets to concentrate on making a permanent type of Investment in Cuban industry.

xoma

CHAMBUULAIM

The figures, as gathered by the Indefatigable Paul Bethel of. the Chtizens Committee for a Free Cuba, are appidllng. In 1964 the Soviets put some $130 million Into plants making machinery, dies, molds and other metal- products inthe single city of Santa Cara. In a joint program with CJZechos-lovakla they have plowed several hundred more millions into factories in Santiago, Nue-vltas, Batabano, Sagua la Grande, the Isle of Pines, and Havana. They have also been constructing thermo - electric plants in Santiago and Mariel., The Santiago plant will supply power to the Cuban and Soviet fortifications which now ring the U.S. Naval Base at Guantanamo.

will, in the lonj? run, have a efiect on our gov-

very salutary__________

ernment, liecause it will bring the legislative and judicial branches of the government so much closer together. The Ideal, of cour.se, would be to make the Justices answer to a Congre.sslonal committee for their actions, but that may have to come later.

All of this advertises the patent fact that the Russians consider themselves committed to Chiba on a permanent basis. While it has been going on, the Russians have been directing the Communllt parties of Latin America to push on an ever greater scale the movement of solidarity with Chiba on the entire continent. The directive to this effect was Issued by the Tass news agency in Moscow on Janury 18. The Tass communique said that six countries, Venezuela, Colombia. Paraguay, Guatemala, Honduras, and Haiti, would receive special aid in subversion. The Communists in Colombia have already benefited by the Soviet policy: 7.50 Colombians have received training in Chiba in political agitation, guerilla warfare -and abduction and have been re-lnflltrated Into their home country. In a single year the returned terrorist have collected $900,000 In ran-om for 123 abducted farmers and ranchers. Ca.stro - trained guerillas have set up five Independent republic.s in the (Continued On Page 6)

theNITED

WAY

Mo Big Loot In His Shenaniaans

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS RICHES BEYOND MEASURE

There are few things in life that we regard more highly than friendship. Everyone likes to be popular. Young people frequently thrust as 1 d e everything they know to be right and deceqt in order to maintain friendhlp. If they only knew It, rejected friendship if -the friendhip Is full of the promise of evil is better than accepted friendship which has strings to it. If we have to agree to this or that course of action in order to make friend* and keep them, then it is better to let friendship go.

For friends will pass away, friendhip will disappear, but the eternal principles of right and wrong will never dlsap-- pear.

The friendship of David and

Jonathan se't-^'forth in the Old Testament Is the most beautiful portrayal of friendship In world literature. It began when these two young men realized the worth and nature of each others personality. Jonathan W2LS slain at last In battle, David went on to be a distinguished king of the Hebrew nation. But each lad made an impression upon the ot h e r which we can assume with considerable certainty would last throughout eternity.

Do you think you have no friend? Nonspnse. There are ' hundreds of people in the world like yourself just waiting for your or someone else to come along and heal and seal their lives with friendship. To have friends is better than to have riches in fact friendship Is a form of riches which , surpasses In value anyth i n g the world has to offer.

By ELMER ROESSNER

Tino De Angells, whose operations in crude oils cost business and financial companies $150> million, has no big cache of cash, said Prof. Roger V. Gray, a Stanford economist.

Speaking at a Pood Research Institute ^pieetlng in California, he said:

The financial pundits continue to ask what happened to the $1.50 million which Mr., De Angelis purlolnd. Is It in Swiss banks? In mistresss de-colletages? Under ^me king-size mattress? At the race track or in Monte Carlo?

Alas, no such fun. PROFESSORS

EXPI.ANATION

^or a.period of at least 18 months, De Angells had virtually made the vegetable oil market In the United States by the simple Expedient of buying oil, at high prices and selling it at low prices. Approximately half of the mlaslng funds, it seems safe to assume, went to those who received too hlBh prices, and the other half to those who, paid too low prices.

De Angells, he said, simply forged warehouse receipts.

This would make It appear that the half that paid what seemed to be low prices were actually paying too high prices: they were paying for ,oil but got only paper.

SUPPORTS FUTURES MARKETS

Professor Gray, who is president of the Western Farm Economics Association and research director for the National A.ssoclation of Pood Chains, was .speaking on- behalf of commodity futures markets which, he said, are realizing only half their potential volume. While doing $50 billion In trading a year, they have a potential of $100 billion, he declared. He criticized proposals for further restrictions of commodity markets and said that the regular tlons commodity exchatig e s exert over wArehouslntu i^ould have prevented De Ahgellg* operations from the outset.

He said that futures markets provide reliable forward pricing guides, introduce price stability and reduce the opportunities for price- manipulation;

they eVolve out of situations in which firmer contracts were needed; and are an efficient device for attracting low cost risk capital to the commodity sector.

downtown retailers than a new 100 - page study, How to Win Downtown Property Tax Relief, published by the National Retal! Merchants Association. '

I ROESSNER

He criticized those wfio, called for higher margins on com-'modlty. futures after the De Angells shortage was revealed. Exactly how higher margin requirements on futures transactions would ever have prevented forgery of warch 0 u s e receipts has not been explained nor will It ever be.

The study was made by 19 experts, who found that downtown area.s are being assessed at traditional, high values of a by gone era which arc* not realLstic In the face of vigorous .suburban competltlc'i.< High assessments inhibit renewal, they found. The 100-page manual provides for rea-llistlc appialsal for ,taxea and tells how to get It adopted. It Is $12.50 a copy from the NRMA, 100 W. 31fit St., New York 10001.

STUDY TELIA HOW TO GET JAX RELIEF DOWN. TOWN I

The rather dull song Down-towu, may ^du a'lot lea for

EVEN BLANK KEYS RUI.ED AUTO ACUE.S-80KIES

Key bfpnks grooved for auto list! and with heatis designed to denote adaption for use with specific makes of cars are auto parts or accessories, ths Internal Revenue Service has ruled. That meant they art Uxsbls. . ,