^taMdby, MfKh tl, 1f6l

IS

N.C. Must Look To Own Resources

^'Where'r* W Going, SargoSaigon Or Solma?"

North Carolina, which produces two-thirds of the flue-cured tobacco frown in the United States, has a freater vested interest in the economic future of this product than any other state. It would be shortsighted indeed to rely entirely on the resources of other levels of government or private funds to carry out research necessary with respect to tobacco. ,

The measure now before the legislature to establjgh- a' $1.6 million dollar tobacco research facility with another $600,000 in operating funds for the first two years represents for the state a sound Investment in its economic future. The role of the research facility would not duplicate other efforts in the area of tobacco research. It would supplement efforts and hasten the day that many of the unanswered questions about this product will be answered.

Moreover, the proposed state facility would

One Section' A

devote considerable attention to improving the product which is being grown in North Carolina, thus helping to assure a continued important role for the state in tobacco production.

Tobacco, after all, represents one of the most important segments of the states economy. Npt only is it the major factor in the states agricultural Income, it is likewise a major factor in the states industrial complex.

It is not a small amount of money being requested to begin the tobacco research facility. But compared with the income the state realiaes each year from tobacco in agriculture and industry, the amount that would be spent for research by the state is small indeed.

North Carolina long ago learned that it must rely upon its own resources when it seeks to cope with a difficult and far-reaching problem. That lesson should be remembered now as the state faces a crisis in the future of tobacco. In the field of tobacco research, as in other areas of primary interest to the state. North Carolina must assert its leadership rather than sitting back and waiting for someone else to do a job for it.

awy6r's Bill? NamG Less Important

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES LAWYERS - One sectton of the newly-unveiled court reforms bill before the General Assembly may result In It being called a fat, Juicy lawyers bill.

This is a section which would give the district bar of each Judicial district the right and the duty to make recommendations to the voters cwi-ceming candidates for $15,000-a-year Judgeships.

A number of legisla tors marked this sectlwi with big, black question marks almost as soon as printed copies of the 114-page bill were disbrl-buted.

It looks, said one legislator, like the lawyers want to put a padlock on electing the district Judges, There's bound to be criticism about that. There ought to be open, free flections.

VILLIAM

The bill pi'ovides that the district judges, under a uniform, statewide system of Inferior courts, be elected by the people for terms of four years. The number of judges, at least one per district, would be determined by the General Assembly.

CRITICISM It appeared almost certain that there there would be demands that this section pertaining to district bar recommendatlwis as to candidates he struck out.

It was the first highly controversial feature found In careful study of the bulky court reforms measure although found other items with which to take issue.

Criticism of the bill on grounds that It might be called a lawyers bill was neither unexpected nor surprise Ing. Fourteen of the 15 members of the Courts Commission which drew up the measure In 16 months of painstak 1 n g work are attorneys.

A lawyers bill, In legislative terminology. Is a piece of legislation which benefits members of the legal profession and a majority of members of the legislature are always lawyers.

In most cases, the so-called lawyers bills concern highly technical, legal points in the law Itself or procedures of law affecting those engaged in practice of law. But in the case of this far-reaching, highly

important court reforms legislation a great deal more was at stake.

PROVISION - The Courts Commission, In its report' to the General Assembly, made plain its feelings about quail-hcations of lower court Judges. It recommended that these district court Judges serve fulltime with no other car e e r interest cmnpeting for their time and attention.

This means, for example, that lawycr-judges and the . Commission hopes that all judges will have legal training) will have to give up the pro-^ vate practice of law. . . .the Commission feels that high quelitv systems of courts, and that roTnncnsaMoTi in the neighborhood of $15 000 Is necessary to attract hi'^b caliber individuals to the office.

It noted at the same time that "this bill does not require that Judges be attorneys, this snnflfpntiy can not be done fVto C'^n^tltutlon.

Th rou^R Commission did, t-T a step further in th*' '^ectinn.

RT^P - In a further effort to ontjiirc the rnost

caudl'^9'es are elect-pri fn 'ietrJct lud"eblt) the provided ^or the n'tcinstinn. on a voluntsry o* the dl!trlct bar In the ri>Tn<iating and electing procer*.

district bars are under a duty to make recommendations to the voters as to which , candidate or randdates they recommend, prior to both the orlmary and the general election. . .It is believed tht potential candidate.s in whom the bar has confidence may be encouraged bv this provision to seek the office of district court judge.

R also provided that the district bars opportunity to partldnate in the selection of Judges be extended to the filling of vacancies on district court benches. The bill provid-' es that vacancies be filled by the governor from nominees submitted by the local bar associations.

POINT - In addition to the role (rf local bar groups In nominating and electing judges, there are other points under question in the court reforms measure.

One is the provision to assign civil cases under $300 in value to magistrates. Some legislators feel this should be Increased and $500 Is the figure most frequently mentlon-,^ed. The present monetary limits for Justice of the peace court jurisdiction Is $200 which is a figure set under the pres-, ent system nearly 100 years ago. Certain legislators feel this is badly outdated and that an Increase of $100 la too small. An amendment may be offered.

Than Continuing Role

Perhaps the long and bitter controversy over the name of the branch of the Consolidated University in Raleigh is now drawing to a close. By an overwhelming margin the House has approved a new name for the institution: North Carolina State University at Raleigh. It is likely that the Senate will concur in the name change.

The important thing is not really the name of the institution, but its role in the structure of the states Consolidated University. The sooner the controversy over the official name of the Raleigh branch of the University can be resolved, the sooner legislators, trustees of the University, and alumni of all of its branches can devote their energy and attention to building a greater university system rather than fighting among themselves.

North Carolina .recognizes its need for a great university system to meet the demands being made upon it by its young people. If this need is to be met, it will require a concerted effort by all citizens of the stateand particularly those interested in the various branches of the University system pulling together rather than pulling against each other. The goal will be diffiCfrlt to achieve even with the greatest possible amount of cooperation of those interested in the Consolidated University system. It will be impossible to achieve without unity of purpose.

The time has come for the family squabble over a name to end in order that the work toward building a greater Consolidated University can begin again.

Alabama Issues Are Mixed Ud

By ART BUCHWALD

'Ready For Debauching

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED

DAVID JULIAN WHICHARD, Chairman df The Boqrrf

Published Every Afternoon Except Sunday Eftabliihed 1882

JOHN S. WHICHARD-DAVID J. WHICHARD Publisher

Entered at Post Office. Greenville, N. C., as eeoond claaa mail matter.

SUBSCRIPTION RAHS By Carrier (In Towns) ^

By Carrier (Motor Routes)

Week 30c Week 35c

6y MAIL, Payable In Advance

Greenville \Po8t Office. Pitt County, RobersonvUle, Vancetxiro. Washington and Chocowinlty.

n&ree Months .................... $ $.1$

Six Month* .......................... 7.00

One Year .......................... 18 TO

.^torth Carolina (other than listed above)

Three Months ....... .........I 4.00

Six Months ...... .......... 74)0

One Year .... ........ 14.00

Piu* 3% N. C. Sale* Tax ,

All Other Outride North Carolina

Three Months ...... ................... $43$

CHX Mentha T. , y-i-f-r--rr-irt-rf . rr >>

One Year .........................

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By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) - Its a mixed - up picture now in Alabama, legally, philosphical-ly and even strategically.

The longer the struggle by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and ol^her Negro leaders to break down Alabamas barriers to voting, the more complex it gets.

In Alabama, where Negroes are kept from voting about as thoroughly as anywhere, King and his aides have been demonstrating to get more Negroes registered. Then he hit on a spectacular idea.

He would lead a 50 - mile march of Negroes from Selma to the Alabama capital, Montgomery, to petition Gov. George C. Wallace to remove obstacles to Negro voting.

Wallace ordered the state police to use whatever means necessary to stop them. The police used tear gas and billy clubs, beating many of the marchers and injuring about 40, In all this three problems were mixed up.

JAMES

MARLOW

The 50-mIIe march would take at least three days. With about 450 marchers on the highway, traffic would become a shambles. Wallace has a responsibility to see that motorists can use the highway.

But under the Constitution's First Amendment, citizens have a guaranteed right to peaceably assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

Question: Which comes first, the right of motorists to use the highway or the right of Negroes to assemble peacefully on the highway and use it for their journey with their petition?

In the march which began Sunday, the Negroes committed no violence and President Johnson had one word to describe what the police did to them: Brutality, But thats only part of the story.

The federal government can take a hand in protecting peoples rights to vote. The Chvil Rights Act of 1964 was supposed to do that. But the machinery is extremely slow. King and other Negroes wanted a new, faster law this year.

He visited Johnson last week to discuss it. The President is preparing a new bill for Congress. But King didnt seem happy over the conversation. He went back down South, supposedly to lead Sundays march.

But he didnt. He stayed in Atlanta. After the Sunday march was smashed, he said he would lead another one Tuesday. Meanwhile, civil rights leaders sought a federal court injunction against Wat-lace to prevent his stopping the new march. ^-

But the federal Judge, Frank M. Johnson Jr., no friend of Wallace, issued an injunction, not against the governor but against any march until at least Thursdays, when he ea hold a hearing.

The irony in this order is that the judge and the governor long ago fell out over civil rights matters and Wallace haa referred to him, without specifically naming him, as an integrating, carpetbagglng, sca-lawagging, race . mixing, bald-faced liar.

Once Jude Johnson Issued the order against Tues days (Continued on page 5)

Sen. J. William Pulbright, D.. Ark., has made a patriotic plea to all Americans. Last week he said, It does seem to me that the American people could bring themselves to travel within the United States and spare the sophistica ted debauchery and artistic pocket - picking of Paris, at least for a year or so. Is the patriotism and enlightened self-interest of our people so superficial, they cannot, just this year, go to Las Vegas instead of Monte Carlo, or New Orleans instead of Paris, or Colorado instead of Switzerland, and Florida and California rather than Cairo? They will find they can do it for half the price without insults or shakedowns, and perform a

real, service to this country. As soon as I read the article, I said to my wife, Well, it looks like were going to have to find our soph^ticated debauchery in the United States this year.

What are you talking about?

Sen. Fulbright says if we have any patriotism at all we should debauch In America in-atead of abroad.

I wasnt planning on debauching at home or abroad, she said huffily.

Neither was I until I read It was in the self - interest of the United States that we did. He wants us all to go to Las Vegas and New Orleans. What for?

So we wont get our pock-

Other Editors Saying.. Education Of Americans

ets picked by the French.

I never got my pocket picked in Prance.

Thats because they do it so artistically you dont know theyre doing it.

I thought we were staying home this summer.

Theres no debauchery to be found in Washington.

How do you know so much about It?

Ive been following the Bobby Baker hearings. They ruled it out.

I wish you would stop talking about debauchery.

ART

BUCHWALD

(Miami, Fla. Herald)

The rising educational level of Americans is full of meaning for business, industry, communications and public affairs. The Improvement in just one generation has been striking. It can be seen in a Census Bureau report comparing the educational attainment of men 20 to 64 years old in 1962 with that of their fathers.

About 55 per cent of the men were high school graduates, compared with 24 per cent of their'fathers, says the report. Roughly 26 per cent of the men had completed one or more years of college, as against 10 per cent of the fathers. Furthermore, only 14 per cent pf the men, but 39 per cent of the fathers, lacked an eighth - grade education, In other words, more than half of the present generation (rf grownup men In this country hold high school diplomas. Less than one - f(jurth of their fathers finished high school.

The figures on college graduates are equally impressive. Of todays male adults. 13.3 per cent finl.shed four years or mpre In college. Among their father, this percentage was

only 5.3. And the trend is speeding up. The Census Bureau did a breakdown of men 55 to 64 years old and of men from 25 to 34 years old. About 43 per <^nt of the older men, but 62 per cent of the younger men, exceeded the educational level of their fathers.

All this should mean that American men are acquiring the learning needed for todays proliferation of white - collar jobs. To communications media, it stamps as an anachronism the old saying that everything should be couched in language understandable to a 12-year . old. Hie median number of school years completed by present day American men Is 12.2 high school plus a little college compared with 9.2 years just above the ninth grade for their fathers.

Public affairs should benefit from the fast - rising level of educational attainment. Theoretically, at least, high school and college graduates are fairly Immune to demagoguery. Few documents we have seen are more heartening for the future of America than this census report and its implications.

Im an American first and a husband second. If a United States Senator says its un -American to debauch yourself in Paris because of the gold shortage, then I say weve got to make our own debauchery.

It may not be so sophisticated, but at least it isnt going to hurt the United States. What else are we supposed to do?

Instead of going to Switzerland. he wants us to go to Colorado, and instead of Cairo were supposed to go to Florida and California. Its half the price and we wont be insulted or shaken down.

I dont want to go to Florida or California or Cairo in the summertime.

Thats what I thought. You- \ re a typical selfish American. Our balance of payments is in jeopardy and all you want to do Is stay at home. Ive got a good mind to go out and seek some debauchery on my ovm. I dont see how we can help the llance of payments by debauching.

Debauchery is a big industry in Paris. Thats where all the dollars are going. If we debauch here, the French wont get their hand.s on our (Continued on page $)

Should' 'Aim' The Bi

By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN

Copyright, 1965, King Feature Syndicate, Inc.

It is probably too late to keep the Johnson Administration from passing any sort ot Medicare bill It wants. But If we could have some open discussion of the proposed legislation we might get somethmg much better than the celebrad ed Klng-Anderson bill, which is surely going to diaapp o 1 n t many old people simply be-cause it provides only for for^ ty-flve to ninety days of hos pital expenses and offers noth-tag for payments to either doctor or surgeons.

The trouble with the Klng^ Anderson proposal, as 1 see It, is that It depends on the blund-erbuse approach; it alms to collect from everyone under slxty-flve (via a payroll tax) whether he can afford the deductions or not, and It intend to provide hospital care for everyone over sixty-five, whe-ther he can afford private insurance or not. It would set up a vast engine for turning money over without reference to actual individual need, and it would Ignore the tradition of the country, which toto use State eld as a supplement to self-help. In the end it would disappoint everybody simply because it doesnt guarantee an old person against the tremendous doctors bills and surgeons bills that can accrue from catastrophic illness. The disappointment would sure 1 y lead to amendments to the legislation at a later date, and then the payroll check - offs would strike hard at everybody in the $5.600-a-year income bracket and less.

A sensible approach to medical insurance would be to begin by finding out Just who cwit afford private hospitalization and doctors fees. Then a bill could be shaped up to provide coverage for the needy that would not saddle the bigger part of the costs on those who are least able to pay them.

Statistically, the older people In this country have incomes that vary much like the Incomes of everyone else. Dr. Paul S. Friedman of Philadelphia has sent me the graphs detailing the findings of a suiv vey of 19,0(X) 65-and-over patients of ten hospitals ip Allegheny County the (Pittsburgh region) in Pennsylvania. The graphs cover the years 1962 and 1963. They show that 47.6 per cent of the elderly patients paid their bills through Blue Cross Insurance, 29.3 paid through private Insurance or by cash, and 20.5 per cent paid through Kerr-Mills legislation benefits. Only 2.6 per cent had^ failed to pay when the graphs were published. Dr. Friedman, checking some three months after the survey was completed, discovered that the records for non-payment had shrunk to .4 per cent.

This survey, if representative, would seem to indicate that only about twenty - five per cent of people who are over sixty-five need either Kerr-Mills assistance or some form of federal medicare. Naturally, Investigations in Pennsylvania and In poorer states like Mississippi and Arkansas might disclose varying patterns. But allowance for this could surely be made by giving the poorer states a special break in federal support of local health programs.

Eldercare Wll, supported by the American Medical Association, would give combined federal and state funds to help poor people pay for voluntarily asflumed health insurance with the Blue Cross, the Blue Shield or commercial Insurance companies. Moreover, the Eldercare bill would give neu-ropsychlatric and tuberculous disease coverage" that cannot be found In the King-Anderson proposal. The American Medl-cal Association has been criticized for sponsoring Eldercare In a mood of death-bed repentance. But Congress should not rush to pass bad legislation (rf its own merely as a matter of venting spite on the medical profession for (Continued on page 9)

ComDuter Bankina Is Excitina .

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS CONCERNING BITTERNE.SK

The trouble with bitterness of life is that It hurts t h e person who cherishes the bitterness more than the person toward. whom, the bitterness is directed.

We live in a strange and disconcerting ^universe; Every evil i -Ule~ has a buUt - Jn punishment. It is part of the evil equipment. If we Andulfe in some sort of evil, then eventually (It may be delayed a long time, but eventually) the punishment and' retribution arrive. We may dislike a person and with caUse but if we keep up our dislike and turn over an(! over again in o u r minds the bitterness we feel toward this person, eventually we can be sure that the evil poison of bitterness will flow

back into our lives and damage us in what may be an irreparable fashion.

We live in a universe which is primarily spiritual. We have five senses with which we "^compreiiend the physical aspects of this universe, but there are other aspects perhaps thousands or millions O them whtob eaimat be touched or understood by our five senses. And since the universe in which we live is primarily spiritual in its nature, it happens that if we sin and persistently sta punishment becomes our lot.

So .watch out about this matter of bitterness of spirit. It has a built-in retribution that in the end will hurt you worse than the person toward whom you are directing this Utterness.'

By EliVlER R0ES8NER

One thousand members of the American Bankers Association met in San Francisco this week for a conference on automation; automation and computers were lauded, praised Mid exU^ed without end. I Wa.s not invited to speak; if I had, I would have told about a modest automated checking account I happen to know about. It wa.s opened in April, 1963, and about two checks a month are drawn on it.

On May 23. 1963, the account was erroneously assessed a 50-cent service charge. On July 5. on complaint, the charge was remitted. On Sept. 9. the account was charged 10 cents for a check ta error. On Sept, 25. the dime was remitted. On Sept. 27. the account was incorrectly charged .50 cents for service and, on Oct, I, 10 cents for a check, both in er-^ ror.

ALI, AROUND THE MUI^ BERRY BU8H

On Oct. 10 the account wa^ credited with 60 cents. On Oct. 14 and 28. the account was again charged for two checks ta error. On Oct. 29, it was charged 90 cents for Bcrvict.

making an overdraft of 70 cents. The same day the account was credited with 70 cents.

On Nov. 26, a 10 - cent check charge was made, again in error, The next day it was charged with 50 cents for service, and two days later given a credit of 60 cents. On Dec. 12 it was charged 10 cents for a check and given. a 10 - cent credit the same day.

ELMER

R0E8SNER

On Jan. 13, 1964, an unex-'ijlalned 60 - cent credit was added to the accouht; all but 10 '^ntfl of this was eaten up by a 50 - cent .service charge on Jan. 20, and was turned lilto an overdraft by another 50-cent charge on Feb. 27. This overdraft ran on to May 27, when another 50 - cent Charge was added. On June I a 90-ceot credit itralghttacd tbiags

*out.

STEADIES DOWN, THEN

The computer kept Its w'lts about it for the rest of t h e year. Then on Jan. 19, 1965, the account was charged $1.74 for blank chlecks never received, and on Jan. 27 a 50 - cent service charge was added when the computer slipped a brain cell. On Feb, 11 a $1.74 credit was applied,-but the account still has a 50 - cent OD. which will probably be rectified some day.

I know all these things because this Is my account. Mine is not an Isolated case. Several friends have had similar difficulties and one could not get a check cashed be-q^se a charge mistake made her account seemed ovcr-drawm.

I would jiave told the A.B.A, that computerized banking doesn't work, but that it surf' makes banking exciting.

Warren McClure, publisher of newspapers ta Vermont and Pennsylvania Publishers Association and the Interstate Ad-V vertlsing Managers Assocla-*tion.

Dally newspapers, he said, constitute a growth industry because: (1) it grows considerably faster than the gro.ss national product; (2) more newsprint is consumed each year);- (3) more people are employed In the btwinesw every year; (4) newspapers sell more advertising every year; 5) newspaper sales rise with the population, and (6) new.spai>-ers Invest over $100 million each year in plants and equipment.

PRNHCIS^HAI.F BIIJ.ION NEW.SPAPER SALE EACH WEEK

Newspapprs, now selling at the rate of 4(K) million a wepk. will sell at a rate of more Uum a baU bUiloa a weak. J.

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