hbn^ryr 4, I<

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IflSuiig, Experiencedi Able Team

At the General Astembly begins its 1966 and the affairs of the legislature. ^ ^ aetrton* it should be clear to all North Carolinians Sen. Robrt Morgan of Harnett County, pre-that the leadenhip^it centered in young, yet ex- sident pro-tTbi^thrSenate. brings to his new post periahoed and capable men. . * record of five terms in that body. He has been

The men-who hold the three top posts in the prominently identified wi^ major legislative issues lifitlature this year are 35, 89 and 40 years old in recent years and has Arried great weight with

respectively. Bach has had experience in depth in the political affairs of North Carolina. Two of them, in spite of their relative youth, have served five previoufl terms in the legislature and have played major roles in important legislation as well at holding key committee assignments.

Lt. Gov. Robert Scott presides over the Senate, and while he has not served in the legislature, he it well versed in politics, the affairs of the state

!<Cey figure To

!3ear Watching

By WILUAM A. ffilRES

KEY The key flgurt to watch durinf the ltflture*i laboring to hammtr out a 1965-67 state budget Is ont billion. 91 million doUan.

This Is the oeillng now plaosd SB total antleipattd O s n s r a 1 Fund rssoiirois for ths next two flseal years by ths Advisory Budgsi Commission.

Tbs Osnsral Fund, in stats budgst-maklng paranos, Is ths fund In which sU major stats sperattons and servloet sxospt highways ars budgeted.

Iki ths proposed budget In-trsduesd on opening day of ths Isglslsttvs session, the Advlio-ly Budget Oommlsslon hss rse-snmuided sxpsnditurs of a 11 but a bars 1800,000 of this one hflUSB, 19 mlllloo dollars during 1I6H7. Ths propoMd bud g s t tbsrefsrs Is a tight one. with MUs tf any room or extra moDsy to do things ths leg-Uliturs msy went to do but Whlsh tbs budget eommlssloo did not recommend.

Therein Use tbs bienalal dl-lemxna of tbs Oenrsl Assembly flndlni enough money to meet needs end urgent re-gUMtS.

WILLIAM

iHlEgS

EXPAND - The deltmms can be solved, or at least overcome. in several ways.

First, the joint Appropriations committee will look for ways to trim the budget commissions recommendations. This always meets stout oiv position.

Secondly, the legislature may decide to go along with the budget commissions reo-ommendgtions. This seld o m happens. There are always changes here and there.

Finally, the legislature may raise the ceiling on anticipated resourcee either by increasing the estimates of antl-clpatid l^vehue for the next two years, by discovering a bigger surplus than expected in the state treasury, or by borrowing more money.

Some legislators already arc predicting that by early May one, two or perhaps all three of the latter alternatives will be eelaed ~ revenue estimates may be raised, a bigger surplus win materialize and the General Assembly msy ask for approval by the people of hlf. new state bond Issues.

BUDGET The proposed 1965-67 state budget Is an ambitious <e, providing for total appropriations of money from all sources and In all funds of more than two billion dollars.

It provides for built - in growth in the A budget for continuing state programs an

servlees at existing levels of 10.8 per cent more than $95 millions. This brings the *A** hugets to $995.6 millions. It provides for $69 million in enrichment and expansion of existing programs and services and it proposes spending nearly $85 million for capital Improvements.

This, however, is not enough In the minds of many legisla-tofi and state officials. They contend the proposed budget has serious shortcomings which must be remedied.

For example, It makes no provision for state employe pay increases other than normal increments and less than half of what was asked for teachers and college and university faculties.

There is no provisionand apparently no leeway In the IX'opoeed budget for grant i n g Gov. Dan K. Moores promise to push for 10 per cent across-the-board pay raises for non-teacher state employes.

It makes no provisions for Increasing the strength of the state highway patrol. And there Is no allowsince to permit tax relief in the form of increased personal income tax exemptions.

MAKE-UP The task the General Assembly faces in attempting to adjust the budget recommendations is seen in make-up of the proposed General Fund budget.

The states credit balance, or surplus, from 1963-65 is pegged at $59.6 million. More (^imis-tic estimates of what this will be range from $75 to perhaps to $90 to $100 million. The exact flgure will be known by late Spring.

Secondly and the most important factor is the estimate of gtate revenue collections for 1965-67. These, figured on a 12.7 per cent Increase factor over present collections, are $496.5 million for

1965-66 and $525.5 million for

1966-67 for a total of $1.022 million.

The third Item Is a recommended legislative bond Issue one which can be authorized without a vote of the people totaling $17.9 million.

Added together, these three Itemi make up the $1 billion, 99 million General Fund Income.

NEEDS Aside from the major Items f atate employe pay Increases, strengthening of teacher and faculty pay scales, additional state highway patrol strength and tax relief all costly the states most crying needs are capital Improvement*.

It is In capital Improvements the C budget that the Advisory Budget Commission was most ruthless. Reque.sts for capital improvements by state institutions and agencies totaled more than $192 million. The budget commission slashed these to barest essentials, recommending only $16.9 million in direct appropriations plus proceeds of the $17.9 mil-(Contlnued on Page

thn membership of the Senate.

On the House side, H. Pat Taylor of Anson County serves as Speaker, and he tod Tias a jwcord of five terms in the House. He has played a major role in the affairs of the House In recent years and like the other two brings to his post experience, knowledge and determination.

What, then, may North Carolina expect from these three men who form the top echelon of leadership in the legislature this year?

First, it may be expected that these three will drive for rapid action by the legislature on matters which come before it. They are likely to push harder, insist on elimination of unnecessary delays in considering measures and require greater legislative efficiency than has been the case in som<" sessions.

Secondly, it may be expected that they will endeavor to assure smooth operations of the legislature during the session, with the greatest possible degree of cooperation and coordination between

the two houses.

Thirdly, they will .insist that North Carolina continue to move forward, apd the guideposts set out by the legislature this year will provide a framework within which the state may continue its progress in various fields.

It will not be an easy session, but it should be one in which strong leadership will push for decisive and prompt action.

South Viet Nam

Shuttle Service

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) It8 practically a shuttle - service. Year after year American officials dash to Viet Nam to see how to win the war against the Ccmimunists. They dash homt. dash back. The war keeps falling apart.

Now President Johnson has sent another, this time his top White House adviser on foreign policy, McGeorge Bundy, former Harvard dean and adviser to President John ' . Kennedy whose luck with Viet Nam was no better than Johnsons.

For years the United States has pumped aid into South Viet Nam in the billions of dollars for the war against the Viet Gopgi guerrilla* directed by Communist North Viet Nam.

The United States has 23.000 military advisers in Viet Nam although its hard to think of them as mere advisers when more than 360 of them have lost their lives and more than 1,550 have been wounded.

Although the Vietnamese have no training in democracy, the United States has insisted that a civilian g. vemment must run the country. But Vietnamese generals, a ting more like warlords than generals, move in and take over.

JAMEh

MARLOW

The Doily Reflector

INCORFORATtD

DAVID JUUAN WHICHARD, Chairman of The Board

Published Every Afternoon Except Sunday Established 1882

JOHN S. WHICHARD-DAVID J. WHICHARD Publishers Office, Greenville. N. C

nterad at PoM mall matter.

as eeoond clsss

MeanwhUe. the guerrillas have taken over 80 per cent of South Viet Nam although most of the population Is not in that 60 per cent area.

Before he became ambassador last July. Taylor had mad* trips to Saigon. He has returned to Washington twice since July for consnltatior. . Secretary of Defense Robert S. Mc-amara, now recovering from pneumonia, has made five trips and Secretary of State Dean Rusk two.

The visitors arrived, consulted. and left, and conditions got worse. The visitors hurried back and chaos spread. The reason for the Bundy trip was what happened last Wednesdaj. The military threw out the civilian government.

This put Lt. Gen. Nguyen Khanh back in power. He had been in and out of power like a man in a revolving door since November 1963. when President Ngo Dlnh Diem was ousted. Then he was thrown out la.st August after Buddhist agitation. A civilian government was installed. Last December the military, supported by Khanh, bounced that government.

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The United States protested. It wanted the military to fight the war, atay out of government. Ill wlU developed between Khanh and Taylor. Some semblance of civilian government was reetored. Last Wednesday Khanh threw it out.

Mixed up in all this, while the military wanted to run things, were Buddhist riots and protests. Buddhists want a hand in running things, too. If this seems dizzy It must seem dizzy to the Senates Democratic leader,. Mike Mansfield.

After last Wednesdays coup he got up in the Senate to do some arithmetic on the turnovers but even he seemed a little fuzzy on all that had happened.

He said that since Diems death in 1963 there have been three coups, one attempted coup, one semi-coup, and three other changes which are hard to classify.

In January, Sen. Richard B. Russell, D-Ga., chairman of the Senates Armed Services Committee, told reporters: We cant win the war In Viet Nam unless a more stable government is established for until We stop the revolving chair system there Is very little hope of much progress. The situation worsens every iime^- they Jiave coup ftn(L change their civil government.

Khanhs answer to that last Wednesday was to throw out what was left of the civil government. The whole business now comes down to three questions.

1. Should the United States quit and get out? If so, communism almost certainly will take over all Viet Nam and probably all Southeast Asia eventually.

2. Should the United States, in a greater effort to win, have the war carrle' into North Viet Nam? If so, Red China and even the Soviet Union might get in.

8. Should the United States just stumble along, as it has been doing, hoping for the best? A lot of senators think iSO.

Meanwhile, the United States which denounced control by the military now seems to be getting reconciled to military control.

EDitaDh

hor

A Hero

By ART BUCHWALD

Hunger Strike Tactics

The news from South Nono-mura this week has been very encouraging. Gen. Ah So has overthrown the civilian government of Premier Hu Cares and is not In charge of t h e country again. Gen. Ah So has vowed to continue the fight against the guerrillas from North Nonomura.

Premier Hu Cares downfall took place w'hen students and religious leaders of the powerful Bu^e sect marched on the govennnent palace and vowed to t^r the place apart. Pch lice forced the demonstrators back towards the USIA library building in the center of the town. The students and dem-onsU*ators took the hint and before sundown wrecked the library.

The United States sent a strong protest to thp Minister of the Interior, Hu Mi, who said he not only planned to reject the protest, but he was going on a hunger strike.

The announcement of Hu Mis hunger' strtke nragcT The Butane sect leaders, who said that they were the only ones

who could go on a hunger strike. Unless Hu Mi stopped his hunger strike, they said, the Butanists would call for a mass drowning of all its member* In the Won Ton River.

In the meantime the American Ambassador In South Nonomura warned the military that the United States would take a dim view of them overthrowing Hu Cares government. He said in no uncertain terms that if the military did anything to rock the civilian government the United Stat e s would have to reconsider its entire Southeast Asia policy.

The next day the military overthrew Hu Cares, and Qen. Ah So told the United States to stop interfering in the affairs of his government.

It is no secret that Gen. Ah So and the American Ambassador dont see eye to eye on political and military matters in South Nonomura and this has put the United States in an embarrassing position. On the surrace the HI. S. "has had to support the American Ambassador. but at the same time it

realizes that nothing can be accomplished as long as Ah So Is in power. If the State Department recalls the American Ambassador It will be a sign of weakness on our part.

Therefore, the only solution seems to be for the CIA to stage a coup detat against the American ambassador so he will be forced out. This the State Department has been reluctant to do for fear of hurting morale, among Its oth e r ambassadors around the world.

ART

BUCHWALD

By UAL BOYLE new YORK (AP) Everybody needt a personal hero, aomeone to lift him above tlie limits of the ordinary and to demonstrate that higher human goals can be won.

Lucky la the man who can find a hero in youth and still admire him as he ages.

Such a hero to me was one who died this week at 84 and was known imlversaUy In the news world as KC.

They are the initials of Kent Cooper, who for a quarter of a century was the boss man of The Associated Press, t h e worlds largest press association.

Less well known to the general public than writers such as Ernie Pyle or Richard Harding Davis, Cooper already is a landmark figure in the history of modern journalism.

He was a tradition smasher, and an applecart-upsetter. He swept through the stodgy ne s-paper atomosphere of his day like a polar wind. He was a pioneer In the speedier' transmission of news, the humanization of news, and a champion in the fight for worldwide freedom of the press ' or, in his own apt phrase, the peoples right to know.

Thats the way^ hell go down In the textbooks'. But It is as a man not a symbol that, I like to remember KC, for whom I worked as a copy boy, a cub reporter, a city editor imd a war correspondent.

By the time I first met him In New York in 1937 he already was a controversial legend. Like Gen. George S. Patton, whom he resembled In many ways, he was either extravagantly admired or extrar vagantly disliked.

He was a man who liked to dream big. and do old things better In new ways. To do them he had to step on many toes.

In person KC was stocky, of

medium height, And had dark and magnetic eyes. Those eyes seemed to have fingers in them that reached out and grabbed your mind as he talked.

He could in one instant be as boyish as Tom Sawyer and the next instant as imperious as a Turkish .sultan. He could be sentimental, and he could be tougher than the foreman of a railroad gang. He was lavish In his reward for good work, equally,swift In piailsh-Ing ineptitude. He couldnt stand people who were mentally flat-footed.

When an underling was summoned to his presence after botching up a Job, the office wiseacres advised him: Don't bother to go in with your head ki your hands. KC will cut it off for you.

But as an Inspirer of loyalty. Cooper was in a class by himself. When he finished the pep talk he gave me before I went overseas, I felt that The Asso-

Other Editors Saying ..

College, Cost & Talenl

(Atlanta Journal)

Almost half the Amerl can high school students in the top 20 per cent in scholastic aptitude fail to enter college, a study has shown. Most halt their educations because they cannot afford to go further. The cost of a college education has risen so rapidly, in fact, that it is a burden for well - fixed families. For public Instltu-tlons, the average co~t is estimated now at $1,560 a year; for private Institutions, $2.370.

All this Is why the college scholarship loans ar*d work projects included In the poverty program seem to us to be among Its most valuable parts. Last year the Initial legislation under the program provided fund.s to help 1.50.000 needy students to go to college by paying them for part - time work on campuses or In their communities. A new administration proposal, again part of the poverty program, would broaden thl.s plan and also make loans to needy coll e g e .students available on a wider ba.sls.

None of this could logically

be called a dole, although of course it will be called that and It will be called socialism as well. Work must be per-fonned for the work payments; the loans must be repaid. What could be more responsi b 1 e than that? What can do more to encourage individual initiative and self - sustenance than enabling more pecHe to earn higher educations?

One objective of these programs is to produce more teachers for what is fast becoming a critical shortage. Our annual production of Ph.D.s Is less than half the numbt. needed in college teaching alone, and only half these Ph.D. graduates are going into teaching. By enabling more students to go to college and then to graduate school, we will be helping to fill that shortage. *

Not all the v)verty program looks so obviously sound as these parts. But the more the generalities about this program are left behind yid the more specifics such as the.se are considered, the more reasonable the program appear*.

Another reason the Stale Department is hesitating to do something this drastic is that they have been assured by the leaders of the Butane sect that Gen. Ah So wont be in power for more than a month if they have anything to say about It.

So the State Department has ordered the American Ambassador to stand fast. But if things get tougher they have told him to go out on a hunger strike.

The American Ambassador is now eating four meals a day to prepare for this eventuality.

A reporter in Washington asked a State Depart m e n t spokesman if he thought the hunger strike might work.

The spokseman replied, Why not? Wave. tried, everything else.

^ated Prfis^as branded bn my forehead in neon lights and I was leady to fight Adolf Hitler and his Nazy legions single-handed with a fountain pen.

The other day I spent an hour alone with him, the last hero of my lifetime. The restless face in the coffin was set In final peace, but I still felt the awe'of him that I had felt since I went to work for him at 17.

An old-timer who had worked closely with him for many years came into the room.

I cant think of him as being old, he said. You know, he never really was at ease except with young people becaiLse they are the only ones who arent really afraid of new ideas.

I think KC would have enjoyed that as his epitaph.

ODinions In Brief

Heard about Hie lady who proved that kissing is what .spreads the common cold? She hasn't had one now for 15 years. Kingfisher (Okla.) Free Press.

Tlie nations economic experts are predicting a most prosperous 1965, which should make nervous wrecks of a lot of folks who remember 1929. Carlsbad (N.M.) Current-

Argus.

The American Industrialist doesnt have much of a chance. Every time he como.s up with something new, the Russians Invent it a week later and the Japanese make it cheaper.Greenville (S.C.) Piedmont.

If some people stopped buying things they cant afford, theyd darn near starve. Carlsbad (N. M.) Current-Argus.

Strength For Today Selective in Industrial Search

By EARL L. DOUGLASS GIVE IT THOUGHTFUL

ATTENTION

Should we strive for universal education?

We certainly should. We need often to remind ourselves that the origin of public school goes back only a few generations. We could not imagine our present scientific, industrial, and sophisticated clvUsat 1 o n getting along without public grade schools and high schools.

But what about continuing ^l)at educational proceas untU every citizen who wants to attend college shall have the opportunity to do so, preferably in institutions free to anyone who^ can meet the academic reo.ulrcmfcnts. If we. should establish such' colleges certainly they should be a part of our public educational system Just as grade .schools and high schools are at present.

This would probably involve

participation by the Fede r a 1 Government and most people fear such partlcip tlon saying that if the Federal Government has anything to do with paying educational bills they will control the schools politically.

Does it not seem absurd and hopeless for us to throw up the sponge as we confront difficulties of this sort and .say that a vaj^ section of our people must go without higher education fcr fear the colleges and professional schools so established should fall under political control? We are a generation of adults and we ought to be able to take a problem of that sort in our stride. There are dangers In accepting Federal funds 4or loca- educational projects, but every significant project Involves hazards of some .sort. The Important thing is that the Intellectual resources of our nation be Uipreaaed and Improved.

By ELMER ROESSNER WILLEMSTAD. Curacao, Curacao wants new industries, but is .selective.

It wants, flr.sl of all, Industrie* that will provide Jobs for its fast swelling population. It wants industries that will add prosperity to its curlou.s economy. an economy that has al-' most no raw materials. almo.st no fresh Water, almost no food raising.

F. Vreugdenhll, presiden, of the Chamber ol Commerce, called a special meeting of executives to answer my questions; present wen Arthur J. Je.surun, vice president of the Curacao Trade and Indu s t r y Association; ./H Van Boyen, chamber secretary; Lionel Ca-prlle.s, subdirector. Vladurp Cu-riel Bank; and J. de Jong, director of Penha & Sons. ' They agreed that (hiracao was a^proaehlng, if not In. trouble and that the island needs UiOrt job cteating In-

dusU'iea. They pointed out that

the island was not Interested in creating any more poppa -momma enterprises. A company planning a venture here that did not create job.s might be unable to get a government Hcense to opera' said banker Caplles. A license is required. There l.s no room here for Sears Roebuck, another said.

NEED SATHLITE INDUSTRIES

EI.MRE

R0E8SNER

Most of the chamber men aid that the island needed Indiistiie* that could um the pruduclh and piuducls of the proposed KaMr^^,j|Jyjsy,

num plant and the exist n g Shell refinery. They report e d that some small mattress -making, toys and plastic plant* were getting along.

They told me that they were negotiating with an American research company to make a study on what businesses might flourish under existing economic condition* here. The study, they said, would involve industries that could create employment, -Jid which could find markets for their products.

Most of those present sal(] only major Industrial enterprises were needed, tut De Jong dissented. "I travel thre ugh South and Central America buying alligator bags. he said, and I sell to tourists at half of New York price*. But the workmanship 1* crude. I believe that, with proper supervision. the people, oi Curacao could produce the finest bags in the world.

WANT JDINT VENTURES

Beveral. *akl ihM Gurweio

wanted joint ventures; that local investors want the opportunity to invest in promising enterprise*.

Others said the island offered a long history of experience in International trade, Insurance, banking, travel agen-cle.s and other fiscal services. "We were in business before New York was settled. said Caprlles. Another said, We have a native population well disciplined at home In decent families, with a sound middle-class population.

Someone pointed out that legal fees are standardized, fixed by the tbvemment a ti d courts. This keeps them down.

All agreed that the invitation to Industrie* to benefit from Common Market acces* and low taxea would no* be enough to keep the country in the black. Tourism, they said, must be encouraged to increase the Inflow of dollars. What's ix lng dune about that will be report-tU tomo-rbf; ^V-x