Tuesday, November 3, 1964

No Greater Day For A Free People

There is no greater day in the life of a democratic government than election day. Indeed, it is election day which keeps a government democratic; the day when those who serv^e as government officials and those who aspire to serve answer to the ultimate authority of the people.

Across the nation today an estimate 70 million Americans are going to the polls to express their choices among candidates and reflect their opinion on the cardinal polit>cal issues of the day. When the polls close this evening the decisions will have been made, officials elected and expression made on the direction the government should go in the next few years.

Election day in the United States is unique in the worlds political process. There are other nations, of cour.se, which have elections, but in Ttia iiy of, them the elections do not represent a free choice between candidates and ideas that are repiT.<ented in an American election. There arc other nations too in which the election represents a free choice, but in few do the elections climax so

New Faces For !?^olitical Arena

By WILLIAiM A. SHIRES

FACES I you look closely In the crowds on election night, you may find the face of the next governor of North Carolina. and the next and the next.

Election nights, In a sense, mark both the end of a political campaign and sometimes a political era and the beginning of those to come. Politics is a never ending game; only the people change.

The men destined by fate for polttical fame and prominence are almost invariably already on the scene, occupying some role or another but actively engaged in politics.

Theirs are the faces one might glimpse on ths sidelines In the headquarters (rf the candidates. out of the limelight themselves this time but cheering in victory or smiling in defeat.

PAST For example, there ivere few who suspected on election night in 1960 that a former superior court judge ft-om Western North Carolina. Dan K. Moore of Canton, would

WILLI Alh SHIRES

be the man carrying the Democratic banner for governor four yeai's later.

He had no major role in the election in 1960 of Fayetteville attorney Terry Sanford, Iwt in Moore's own words he had held an ambition to seek the governorship for many years later.

And even then Moore was actively concerned with state Democratic party affairs. He had a good record o party service, and was a moderate-cwiservative. He was from the West and, under the unwritten rotation tradition, it was to be the Wests time in 1964.

LIST It may have been far down, but Moores name was n the list four years ago.

So had the name of Terry Sanford been on the list for a long time prior to 1960. Sanford had been a face in the crowd on many previous election nights. On one such night in 1954, he was close to the spotlight as campaign manager for victorious U. S. Senate candidate W. Kerr Scott.

And there is another long li.st 6f names even now\ of people to watch in the future. Some of the names are obscure, almost unknown politically at the moment, and others are prominent. The list, of course, is object to change.

NAMES The most promi

nent name for the future in the state Democratic party, perhaps, is that of the partys nominee for lieutenant governor. Robert W. (Bobi Scott of Haw River.

Scott is the son of the late Gov.-Sen. W. Kerr Scott and he has made no secret of the fact that he has hopes of becoming governor someday. He came close to trying this year. But he chose to wait, preferring not to become entangled in intraparty political lines already drawn for the primary wars of last Spring.

By choosing to wait and run for lieutenant governor instead, Scott may have managed to avoid entanglements which might have hurt his chances later. At the same time, he gained experience in statewide political campaigning and held his followers intact behind his name.

OTHERS There are many others in addition to Scott.

Another who will share the spotlight in Democratic headquarters on election night is the son of another former governor and U. S. senator, the state's new Democratic party chairman, J. Melville Broughton Jr.

Still another may be the man Broughton succeeded as state chairman. W. Lunsford Crew of Roanoke Rapids. Or the man who managed Sanfords campaign in 1960, Bert Bennett Jr. of Winston-Salem.

ROLE Neither does political defeat necessarily mean eclipse and banishment from the game. It is the role, whether that of a principal figure or a bit player, that is important.

In 1960 on election night, for example, Robert L. Gavin of Sanford had no idea that he would be the Republican nominee for governor again this time.

But the vote he received in 1960, 45.6 per cent of the total, was a big factor and. in effect, a deciding factor in his decision to run again and perhaps do better this time.

In 1960, then Sen. Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas campaigned for the vice presidency and Sen. Barry M. Goldwater came to North Carolina as a supporting figure in the candidacy of the Republican nominee for president, Richard M, Nixon.

Four years later, their names are on the ballot for the highest office in the land.

EVE Election eve notebook: The question is asked why North Carolina has only

13 electoral votes compared to

14 in 1960. The reason is the fact that it lost relative position in population In the 1960 census.

The state also lost a seat In Congress in 1960 and now has only 11 districts Instead of 12.

free and spirited campaigns between candidates and parties as those in the United States.

Today democracy is at work at the very grass roots level with the individual voter at his own precinct ballot box. The millionaire and the pauper have the same democratic right to cast their ballot, and once in the ballot box, each counts the same. The intellectual and the man whose formal education was cut short after a few years of schooling find themselves on equal terms with an equal voice at the ballot box in*a democratic nation.

The free election and the secret ballot are fundamental to the American democracy, and they are what have made and maintained a great nation. Those citizens who went to the polls today played a major role in the nations history a role that is essential to the preservation of the freedom and liberty that is the right of every American.

Pearl Harbor Memory Stirred By Red Attack

Vivid memories of Pearl Harbor were brought back by the smashing attack by Viet Cong forces that destroyed or damaged 27 U. S. planes including 20 jet bombers at an American base in South Viet Nam.

The incident raises any questions, not the least of which concern the reason for leaving millions of dollars worth of American equipment so conveniently vulnerable to attack by the communist forces. Particularly is this true in the case of modern aircraft whose speed and range make it possible for them to operate from bases considerable beyond the reach of enemy ground forces.

Undoubtedly the incident will touch off a careful evaluation of American security in connection with its support of the Viet Nam government in its conflict with the Viet Cong. But if the inquiry does not bring about a major change which will provide better protection for U. S. bases in such situations, we will only be inviting similar disasters in the future. "

It it is important for the United States to provide planes and other equipment in support of the Viet Nam Government, it is also of importance that this material be protected from destruction in attacks such as the one which occurred during the week-end.

Sigh Of Relief Marks

"Sif But At Least You're Still On The Inside

By HAL BOYLI

Mrs.

ekyll, Mrs. Hyde

me tna

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y JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) With a national sigh of relief one of the most unpleasant, uninteresting, and unenlightening presidential campaigns in history is ended. It was less a campaign than a shout i n g match.

Still, it was unique in this generation. In every election since 1940 the Democratic and Republican candidates represented only different shades of the middle.

Once President Franklin D. Roosevelts first two administrations had established the principle of the welfare state-govemment responsibility for the general welfare neither partys candidates thereaf ter suggested undoing It.

The questions were how to continue, faster or slower. For instance, under Pr e s i d e n t Dwight D. Eisenhower, as under Presidents Harry S. Truman and John F. Kennedy, Social Security benefits were either broadened or increased.

This year both Presid e n t Johnson and Sen. Barry Goldwater envisioned the America Utopia. The Great Society, Johnson called it. Goldwater called it freedom.

But their attitudes on achieving Utopia were complete opposites, not only toward the role of government but the presidency itself.

It was this contrast in John-son-Goldwater attitudes that became one of the two main points in the campaign for the candidates, skipping over details, left the voters blank on how theyd achieve what they said they would.

Johnson wants more government responsibility for the general welfare, not less. This means bigger government, more program.^, Goldwater wants the opposite.

Thus Johnson would enlarge the power and responslbilites of the presidency. Goldwat e r w'wild diminish them. Thus each staked his chances on the belief, or the hope, that a majority of Americans felt as he did.

It was the first time since the early days of the New Deal that voters were confronted with such a clear choice between truly opposite philosophies of government.

If the two candidates had shown enough concern for the

intelligence of the voters to spell out their differences specifically, this would have been one of the most Instructive campaigns of the century.

It was the opposite because the candidates chose to make it so. They kept it almost on an I-see-the-cat level with their platitudes and cliches.

What made the campaign particularly boring was that this difference in attitudes, even though one of the two main points in the campaign, was not something that unfolded as the campaign progressed. It was clear, plain and thoroughly known before the campaign ever began.

So all they said added hardly any enlightenment on this score. In most elections the difference in the views of the candidates toward government and the presidency might have been enough for the voters to make a decision.

But in this one, and it was the other main point of the campaign, the voters had to decide which of the two men would have better judgment not only in the obvious but the unpredictable responsibilities of the presidency.

The two men realized this early and spent much of their time deriding each others reliability while insisting upon their own. This is what turned the campaign into a shouting match.

Between them, the two men bathed In banalities that would have been more appropriate in a Tammany Hall district than a presidential race.

Opinions .n Brief

NEW YORK (AP) It happens at least a million times a day in America. Every day.

A man and a woman inadvertently bump into each other. Neither is to blame.

But what happens?

Excuse me, maam, the man says, and steps aside.

And what does the woman do?

Well, in a great majority of cases she either glares through the male miscreant as if he didnt exist, or else summarily dismisses him with a surly remark, such as, You could at least look where youre going.

And as she strides on in fem-ine triumph she leaves behind her an embittered man in whose soul there has withered another petal on the flower of chivalry.

No matter how often they are confronted with the problem, men cant quite reconcile themselves to the bad public manners of women who really should know better.

We all are familiar with the old story of Dr. Jekyll and Mr, Hyde.

Dr, Jekyll was an essential kind man, a scientist dedicated to the service of humanity. But every time he took a nip from a smoking brew in his laboratory, he emerged a beast. The moral, I have always supposed, is; If you have to drink, but it in a bar dont make it in the basement.

But this famous 19th century tale has had an infamous 20th century sequel. It is the story of Mrs. Jekyll and Mrs. Hyde.

Mrs. Jekyll is a fine wife

Other Editors Saying... Calling All Coins

Nature knows nothing of rights. She knows only laws. Man, on the other hand, has ideas and aspirations.James Truslow Adams.

(Winston-Salem Journal)

Yes, Virginia, and all you other frugal kiddies, young and old, there is something you cam do for your country for Christmas. Douglas Dillion, the Secretary of the Treasury, says you can gather up all your extra coins from piggy banks, cookie jars, socks, dresser drawers and exchange them at banks for dollars.

The nations jolly econo m y needs those clinking coppers and silver bits to tide it over the Christmas-buying season. Mr. Dillon explains ^that, although the mint is stamping out 20 million coins a day, the critical shortage of coins will persist until next year. The nations money chief Is therefore doing all he can to help the American Bankers Association with a nationwide campaign to ease the shortage In time for Christmas buying.

So make like Santas helpful elves and fairies, spread cheer among the nations merchants, dazzle the bankers eye with hoards of coins, and help the Christmas spirit ring to the

tune of jingle coins, jingle coins, jingle all the way. . .

Why She Smiles

Just when the stiletto heel was about to join the high-buttoned shoe as a museum piece, the directors of the Louvre threatened to revive the style by telling women visitors they cannot wear it.

When the long, needle - sharp heels were the height of fashion, milady clung to them despite painful experience. The spikes caught in the sidewalk gratings, got wedged in accelerators, caused accidents and turned well-turned ankles. They also played hob with floors, as the Louvre has discovered, but it was not until men stopped criticizing them that "v^'omen began to stop wearing them.

Ever since the Garden of Eden, men have tried to tell women how to behave, and with notable lack of success. The fact that they are still trying may account for the smile on the face of the Mona Lisa. Shreveport (La.) Journal

and mother. At home she sets an excellent example for her chiWren. Feople love to be invited to her home, because she is a gracious hostess, attentive to their needs and solicitous of their welfare. As they leave, her men guests often murmur, That lucky Dr. Jekyll to have such a wonderful woman as his wife.

But when Mrs. Jekyll leaves her home no matter whether she has had a nip or two from a bottle in her kitchen laboratory a sudden change comes over her .

She turns into Mrs. Hyde.

Gone is her sweet courtesy, her gentle airs, her consideration for others. A baleful trans-formatiwi has taken place.

Outwardly, she still looks to other women like Mrs. Jekyll. But to men she encounters she looks like Mrs. Hyde an unpredictable monster -with the manners of a fishwife and the conduct of a sabre-toothed tigress.

She prowls the streets and stores poking strange men In their eyes with her umbrella, stepping on their toes with her spiked heels, elbowing them aside in restaurants, rushing ahead of them to get a taxi.

After a hard day of abusing and bruising all men who happen to stand In her path, she returns home, and takes off the mask of Mrs. Hyde. When Dr. Jekyll enters, there Is s w e e t, angel-faced Mrs. Jekyll, waiting to put on his slippers.

But why does Mrs. Hyde act this way to men in pub lie? Some say its because her shoes are too tight. Some say its because 5>he Just secretly hates and resents the natural superiority of man over woman.

Whatever the reason, most men are getting awfully tired of the Mrs. Hydes and the Miss Hydes. They are not going to get away with it forever.

Therell come a? day!

(^ote

imicHT i 1 ^

ANCKUS TIMES

i0iirn:'joiirn

Happiness makes up in height what it lacks in length. Robert Fro.st.

I actor

By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN

Copyright, 1964, King FeatuTM Syndicate. Inc.

Last June 1, In an analytical mood. I wrote a ccdumn bearing on the Callfonda Repubtt-can primary that waa just coming up. The burden of the column was that it dldnt make much difference whether Cold-water or Rockefeller woo in California, for in either case Lyndon Johnson would stand to pick up the i4eoes in November. Speaking as the Candor Kid, I said there were two sets of Republican swing voCee in this country, a fact which made it practteally impoaaible for the RepuUican Party to pick a candidate that could win. A liberal would throw the vote to the enemy, <h* cause it to stay home; a c(Hiaervatlye would force a liberal walkout.

The truth, I said, la that there is no Republican mainstream. . .Quite regardlaaa a( who started the party on its downgrade, there seems to be no way of bringing those who are yelling Blrcher extremist, together with those who are shouting EstabliahmoBt plot. But I added one final sentence. I hope, against my analytical judgment, that tho events of the next few months will force me to eat my words.

Im still hoping. But at this writing I am very much afraid that the liberal swing vote to going to prefer Republican hsdr-kari to a party victory. The signs are ominous everywhere; polls show a two-to-ont vote for LBJ could be off, but the margins are so wide that the final result In the electoral college could hardly bo affected by whatever mistake the pollsters have made.

Having said this, I still think the future for the conservativo ouo<^ in American is not so dark as the election predio-ti(ms may seem to portend. The Republican Party may no longer be viable as an institution In Its traditlMial form, but this does not mean that something new wont be quarried out of it. For one thing, the Southern states will never be monolittiic again. In a rash of ill-considered arrogance, a semi - secret Democratic gimip has proposed an Operation Purge in the South, threatening to strip Congressional seniority from any southern Democrat who has not gcme down the line this autumn for the Johnson-Hum-phrey ticket. This is the sort of thing that always bommer-angs, as Franklin Roosevelt discovered when he tried to purge Senator Walter George of Georgia and others.

Forcing dissident southern Democrats such as Representative John Bell Williams of Mississippi and Albert W. Wat-si of South Carolina to accept a label of independent in Cwigress would surely make Goldwater Republicans of them. Indeed, a temporary four-party system seems definitely in the making, with politicians holding to their labels for purely tentative reasons. And Gold-waterism, far from being defeated, may be in the position the Free Soil Party was in 1856, waiting for new alignments to give it the needed leverage for victory.

The break-up of the mwioll-thic South is paralleled with the decline of the big city machines of the North. 1 dont have any Idea of how the Cook County area of Illinois will vote, but I do know that it. is no Iwiger in the grip of the machine that rode high In the days of Ed Kelly and Pat Nash. The cities have become disorganized, and I would be willing to bet a lot at this moment that Goldwater vill almart but not quite make up for his loss of the Republican suburban vote by gains in the city precincts. The backlash comes into this, particularly where school bussing is an edgy issue, but it is not wholly a matter of backlash. Disgust with foreign policy as ft has affected many homelands behind (Continued on Page 5)

Warning Averted Speculations

We dont think there are enough unprincipled and undisciplined policemen in the country to make possible so many brutality cases as have recently been uncovered. Sanford (N.C.) Herald.

Strength For Totday

By EARL L. DOUGLASS YES IT WILL SURVIVE

Children from babyhood through adolescence are frequently a trial and a source of bewilderment to their parents. How can they be so obstinate, obdurate, unreasonable, and manj times apparently perverse?

For the simple reascm that they are growing that is. they are learning. The baby who reaches out unsteadily and grasps an object is learning the first great lesson in Co-ordination. Play is as necessary in the lives of children as formal education. We wonder how they can get so much satisfaction racing through the house, turning everything up-side-dowin. screaming, and going on like crazy.

They are learning. In about twenty years they have to acquire (he unnumbered millions of co-ordination which will make fhem able to live

comfortably in a material world, physically adept, healthy in every aspect of their lives. Furthermore, they are coming in contact with new truth. We all went through the same process. We were all wise when we were fifteen and wondered how the world Including our parents could be so stupid. But we look back on that period now and realize that it was simply a form of growth.

After a person gets that g^wth, he can begin forgetting fast. By the time the parents are middle-aged they, have forgotten that they were once under everybodys feet, that they were just as perverse as the most impossible youngster today. Adam and Eve had the same problems. Cain actually slew hl.s brother. Theres reaUperversIty for you but the race sunlved. And It will survive even this generation ol adolescent.

By ELMER ROESSNER Working behind the scenes, the Federal Reserve Bank averted waves of stock and currency speculation during the Cuban crisis in 1%2 and again after the assassination of President Kennedy on Nov. 22, 1963, Cawu-les A. Combs, vice president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York disclosed in a little-noticed speech at a National Industrial Conference Board meeting two weeks ago.

This amazing Inside story was largely overlooked because on the same day Robert V. Roosa, under secretary of the Treasury, was talking on government monetary policy and he got the headlines. Within an hour after President Kennedys announcement of the quarantine of Cuba, all of the central banks concerned had agreed on a concerted. coordinated approach. WARNING CARRIED WEIGHT Combs said. All of us were convinced that we had to make it clear and unmlstakeably clear that the central banks on both sides of the Atlantic would Jointly and firmly resist speculative pressures with all of the resources of their command and that we would hold market hites as closely a possible to the levels of the

preceding day.

The European exchange markets quickly got the message. he said, and mar k e t conditions remained remarkably quiet. He said there was a costly flurry of demand on the London gold market, but that U. S. losses there were quickly recovered when the Russians backed down, The Russians apparently did not have either the nerve or the resources to bear down the price of American funds.

SOLD FOREIGN MONEY SHORT The affair after Presid e n t Kennedys death was even more dramatic. As the news from Dallas came over the ticker we were immediate 1 y faced with a clear risk of panicky selling in the exchange markets such as was already developing in Wall Street and which quickly forced the closing of the stock market. Combs said of that tragic Friday. It seemed clear to us that immediate and large-scale Intervention by the Federal Reserve hi the exchange markets was required in order to forestall such specula11 v e developments by providing firm assurance of the United States financial policy.

At the time, he said, the Federal Reserve held hardly more than $16 million in for

eign exchange, wjth nothin'; at all In certain important European currencies. Furthermore, the President was shot shortly after central European banks were closed and officials were presumably on their way home.

In view of the emergency situation, he said, we concluded that we could not afford to wait and immediately placed in the market a large offering of various European currencies at rates Identic a 1 with those prevailing immediately before the Presidents assassination.

MARKET STEADIED

ELMER

ROESSNER

We then assured the market that we wbuld supply foreign exchange in unlim i t e d amounts to defend the dollar at these rates, calling upon the entire $2 billion of our swap facilities, if necessary. When heads of foreign banks

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the U.S. action, and agreed to keep exchange rates frozen on Saturday morning, when some European markets are open, and on the following Monday. All agreed that we could draw upon the swap lines to whatever extent might prove necessary. he added.

This discouraged speculation and by Tuesday exchange rates were normal.

This venture, he e.stlmated, cost the U. 8. something les than $50 million.

These revelation lUuatratf the tremendou power of the Federal Reserve and suggest that if it can wield that power abroad. Its potential for control of the American eon-omy may be far greater than many realized.

GARMENT MANUFACT-URERS DONT KEEP UP WITH THEM

Years ago jackets, blouses.

skirts and similar Items wers sold either folded or boxed across store ccMinters, the National Retail Merchants Aseo-clation observes. Now most stores display such mereband-Ise on hangers.

But many manufacturers, the association laments. sHll package such garments, and stores .spend payroll dollars to have pins removed and gar-arranged on hangera.