Friday, October 23, 1964

World Is Watching The Contrast

With Stars And With Stripes In His Crown

In the United States, citizens are in the process of making up their minds which of two men will be elected to lead the nation in the next four years. " In the Soviet Union one leader has just been deposed and even the communist world is asking for an explanation.

This contrast in methods, of course, illustrates the fundamental differences between the way leaders are selected in a democracy and the way they are selected in a nation ruled by communist.

There are other differences too which stand in sharp relief to contrast the way things work under democratic government and the way they work in a communist state.

As the ^election campaign enters its final weeks

Seeking Preyer And Lakes Aic,

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES RALEIGH Circling the quare:

Political sources in Raleigh are looking for Dr. I. Beverly Lake and possibly L. Richardson Preyer to make statewide television appearances for gubernatorial nominee Dtn K. Moore during the final week of the Fall campaign.

Democratic party leaders trying to arrange this are hope- j ful that It would serve to unify Intraparty factions behind Moore and minimize the danger of defections wi Nov. 3.

R is not expected that Lake and Preyer would lovear on the same program.

Tentative plans call for taping the show In advance and airing them at different times next we^.

ENDORSE Lake went on tekvlsi(m fw Mowe on the eve f the second Democratic primary last June, vpearing on the ssme iHogram with the man who later became the new atate party chairman, J. Mel-Tllle Broughton Jr.

Lake had given Moore his

WILLIAM

SHIRES

endorsement soon after the May 30 first primary, and repeated this in his televishm appearance.

Most observers felt that Lakes television speech was effective in cementing Lakes first primary support behind Moore in the second and that a big factor in Mowes landslide over Preyer.

ROLE Both Lake and Preyer pledged support to Moore as tiie party nominee immediately after his second primary triumph. Both offered their assistance in any way possible in the general electicm campaign.

Thus far, however, neither man has had an active role in the gubernatorial campaign.

Several factws influenc e d Moores decisl(m to ask both men to make television appearances on his behalf. Chief among them is the fact that despite an ^orts at party unity, deep-seated factianalism and jealousy continues to exist.

CONCERN There has .,beoi growing ccmcem on part of Moore and his campaign leaders about the possibility of defections in November by staunch Lake or equtdly staunch Preyer die-hards.

There have been many reports that numbers of these erstwhile Democrats, disappointed by results of the Spring primaries, dissatisfied with the way the Moore campaign has been going and disillusioned by Mo(s stand may either defect or decide not to vote In the race for governor.

This clearly has been the principal source of c(icem in the Mo<Mre campaign headquarters.

DEFECTION At the same time, there is concern among Democratic party offic i a 1 s about the effect of possible detections from the national Democratic ticket in civil rights backlash areas, particularly Eastern North Carolina.

This is why party leaders were cheered and encouraged by the large and enthusiastic turnout at the First District campaign rally in Windsor last week.

'The effect of possible widespread defections in Eastern North Carolina may be seen in figures frwn the past two presidential elections, and these were cited to the Windsor audience by Secretary of State Thad Eure.

In 1956, Adlai Stevenson carried North Carolina over President Eisenhower by a margin of only 15,468 votes. The First District alone gave Stevenson a margin of 29,120.

In 1960, the margin by which Presidwit Kennedy carried Nortii Carolina was piled up in the First and Second districts. Kennedy also carried the Third, Fourth, Seventh and Eighth districts but by smaller margins which were offset by Nixon margins in the Fifth, Sixth. Ninth. 10th and 11th.

PRECINCT West Benner precinct in Johnstwi County has been chosen as one of the strategic, key early precincts across the nation upon which c(nputer projections of the presidential election by a major networic will be based.

Research has indicated that over a period of many years, the results of iwesldential election balloting in West Banner precinct have reflected the eventual national outcome within a few percentage points.

Thus this time, how West Banner votes will be reported quickly and its results fed Into the electnmic twain along with other so-called bellwether results to predict the outcome early in the evening of Nov .3.

DAMAGES - The state director of Civil Defense. Gen. E. F. Griffin, believes it will take many more weeks, even months to assemble final estimates of damage from early October flooding In North Carolina.

Griffins preliminary estimates include $15.5 million to agriculture in the Neuse river basin, including loss of thousands of acres of cottwi, com and soybeans. He listed damage to state property in the Neuse floods of $^1,000, most of it at the Cherry Hospital at Goldsboro, and $30,000 damage to public utilities.

He estimated a total of $6.5 millicm damage from flash flooding alcmg streams in 15 Western North Carolina counties, including $3 million to private property, $2H million to agriculture and $1 million to public highways.

in the United States, both candidatesthe one In power and the one trying to gain the presidency are being subjected to harsh criticisms from their respective opponents. The discussion deals in both personalities and in policies.

Contrast this situation with that in a communist state where criticism of a leader comes only after he is removed from power . . . not while he is trying to gain a higher position or while he occupies a high position in governent.

The sharp difference between the method of selecting leaders in the United States and that which is used in the Soviet Union cannot escape the attention of the world at this time. The very fact that Khrushchev was removed from his position of power in the Soviet Union at the same time that a presidential campaign was underway in the United States brings the contrast into unusually sharp focus even for casual observers throughout the world.

People in other lands may not fully understand a presidential campaign in the United States, but we cant help believe they will be more favorably impressed by the method used in a democracy to select leaders than the method employed in recent days in the Kremlin.

Settling Auto Strike Is Growing Necessity

The four-week strike against General Motors the one nobody thought would happenshows signs of coming to an end.

The United Auto Workers Union has scheduled a membership vote Sunday which could bring about the end of the costly strike.

It had been hoped that the nation would avoid an economy choking auto strike this year, and it appeared that such a strike had been headed off when Ford and Chrysler came to an agreement.

The union negotiators turned to the biggest of the Big Three, GM. Almost everyone expected a settlement to be reached before the deadline. But it came and the strike was on. Then most observers expected a short strike. But four weeks have passed and GM is still out of production.

With 300,000 workers idled and the effects of the strike spreading to other industries. Pres. Johnson has urged a quick settlement.

It is obvious that, with General Motors constructing over half the nations autos, the strike can have a depressing effect on the nations economy if it continues much longer.

It is essential that labor and company negotiators redouble their efforts and make a serious attempt to settle their dispute, if the entire nation is not to be adversely affected.

A Fixed Belie::

J: ailed hoover

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By ART BUCHWALD

Week Of 'The Big Bomb

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) President Hoover, who died this week, had five careers. Pour were brilliant. But the most important of them, the presidency, for him turned out to be an unhappy and bitter one.

In his early 30s he was cwi-sidered the top mining engineer in the world. And he was a millionaire by 40.

By the time he was 46 he had a world reputation as a humanitarian for his handling of relief in Europe during and after World War I.

This took him to the Paris Peace Conference and he did so well that John Maynard Keynes said he was the only man who emerged from the ordeal with an enhanced reputation.

For seven years, from 1921 to 1928. he was an extremely able administrator as secretary of commerce under Presidents Harding and Coolldge.

And in his advancing old age after World War II he was recognized as a great public servant for the time and effort he gave Presidents Truman and Eisenhower in reorganizing the federal government.

But in his years after leav-

JAMEh

MARLOW

Ing the White House, if he read what one American historian after another said about his presidency, it must have been a scarring experlen c e which, in his lifetime, he could not hope to erase.

Perhaps none was more harsh than this terse summary by Frederick Lewis AUen: Mr. Hoovers greatest mistake had been In getting himself elected.

He got off on the wrong foot as a bed prophet before he was ever elected, although probably most people agreed with him at the time. In the 1928 campaign he made this statement, thrown back at him many times later:

We in America today are nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any land. The poorhouse is vanishing from among us.

He had distinguished support for such optimism. Just four m(H)ths before the 1929 market crash the financial wizard, Bernard Baruch, was saying: The economic condition of the world seems on the verge of a great upward . movement.

There were, however, others who could see more clearly than Hoover or Baruch. For instance, Alexander Dana Noyes. financial editor of the New York Times, was warning his readers what to expect. Hoover took office March 4,

1929 on a false wave of prosperity. Seven months later came the crash.

Unemployment spread until by 1933 it had reached about 15 million, banks failed, homes were lost, people were hungry, soup kitchens fed some, others sold apples on street comers, others starved in despair.

Even as the depression deei>-ened and spread across the world Hoover seemed unable to realize the American free enterprise system couldnt pull itself up by its own bootstraps. He kept making optimistic forecasts. All were wrong.

He did many things to help. He got a 50 per cent reduction in railroad rates on foodstuffs hauled into farm areas stricken by drought; he backed the use of federal funds for public works; he aw>n)ved creation of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to make loans to private business by the time he left office In 1933 it had handed out $1.5 bilUcm; he sponsored the Federal Home Loan Bank which helped some people save their homes frwn a mortgage foreclosure although by then many homes were gone; he got 85 million bushels of wheat and almost a million bales of cot-twi turned over to the Red Cross for relief purposes.

But he seemed to fail to realize the enormity of what was happening around him.

Eight months after the market crash he signed the Haw-ley-Smoot tariff bill which raised American tariffs across the board from farm products to manufactured goods to the highest point in American history.

That seems incredible now. It seemed incredible then to the American Bankers Association and industries with foreign markets. They objected. But so did nearly every reputable economist In the United States. A protest was signed by 1,038 members of the American Economic Association. warning that the tariff act would mean disaster.

The reaction was fast In other countries whose products were thus frozen out of the American maiket. Within two years 25 countries established higher tariffs on American goods in retaliation. This countrys trade dived further.

What was Hoover's trouble? He had a fixed beUef, and nothing could shake him fnxn it. that government help and Involvement in American life should be kept to a minimum.

He wanted private charity and then states and cities to provide relief before seeking federal help. He ix-omised that if the time ever came when such direct help was required, It would be provided. For him the time never came.

For this many thought him heartless. He was anything but. He was a kind man, with a concern for people. But he had a fixed philosophy which belonged in a previous century and was now outdated. R was his greatest misunderstanding.

Of all the world - shattering stories .that took place last week, from the resignation of Khrushchev to Red Chinas first atomic detonation, the one that wiU probably affect the most people was the firing of Yogi Berra after his team lost the World Series.

The story caught Washington by surprise. Top intelligence officials believed Mr. Berra would be in control for at least another two years. CIA reports indicated that Mr. Berra had been photographed with the New York Yankees in St. Louis Just Mie day before he was ousted, and there was no hint .that the Yankee politburo was ready to dispose of him.

In retrospect though, there were certain clues that diplomatic sources here had been whispering about that indicated all was not well at Yankee Stadium.

When the Columbia Broadcasting System bought the New Yoris Yankees, the first thing

Fublic

To the Editor:

I dont want you to think youre the only one trying to pull the wool over the American peoples eyes in connection with Walter Jenkins. Drew Smearson and several others are trying also, I guess Johnson thinks the people are very nieve and will believe him when he says he knew nothing of the incident prior to being Informed on October 14, 1964. You dont honestly expect us to believe a man who has been Involved in such incidents as the Billy Sol Estes. Bobby Baker and McCloskey affairs, and Ballot Box 13 in Jim Wells County? I wouldnt believe my father if he had been involved In such matters.

You are asking the people to swallow a pretty big pill when you imply they should believe Johnson. Do you think any normal American male

they did was replace Yogi Berras picture with that of the Beverly Hillbillies. At a reception for Walter Cronkike, who had been purged by the network and then rehabilitated, a top CBS official hinted that there was dissatisfaction with the cult of personality that Mr. Berra was building around himself.

Hes always running on the field and waving his arms, an official told a Western Ambassador.

Another spokesman said, Berra is a phrase-monger, and is soR on pitchers.

A newspaperman who has lived in the Bronx for 15 years and speaks fluent baseball said Berras downfall came when the Yankees failed to fill their runs-batted-in quota and were off 30 per cent in home run production.

Another Yankee expert said that Berras goose was cooked when he got into an ideological war with Casey Stengel

orum

could be associated with a man like Jenkins for 25 years under such close conditions without knowing about him? Or could it be that Johnson knew about Jenkins and didnt wish to say anything and went out of his way to suppress information because Jenkins knew too much about him? Dont let the order to the FBI fool you. He did the same thing in the McCloskey Case (regarding the $25,000 kick-back on the D. C. Stadium) and nothing has been reported to the American public as nothing probably will be reported on tiie Jenkins case.

I think, in allowing a person clas^fied as one of the biggest security risks in U. S. government serve in a top security position Just to save face on his part, Johnson has shown how much he thinks of the security of the American peoide.

W. E. Danscy

of the New York Mets.

Up" until the Mets came to NewYork, the Yankees were the undisputed leaders of baseball. But Stengel defied the Yankees and went after New York fans, causing a schism in the city. The Yankees had the bomb, but Stengel warned tha^ he planned to explode his own bomb in Shea Stadium and the rest of the baseball world was aghast.

Things really took a turn for the worse when Berra moved his missiles into Busch Stadium in St. Louis. The (Ordinals warned Berra that if he didnt take his missiles out they would blockade his hitters. Through a series of errors the Yankees lost and Berra had to return home and explain to the Central Committee what had gone wrong.

The first Berra knew that he was out was when general manager Ralph Houk UxA off his spiked shoe and started banging it on the table.

In the past, jvhen there has been an overthrow of management on the Yankees, the manager has been secretly tried and shot. But under the new regime, Berra has been offered the Job of manager of a C?BS power station in the cold wastelands of northern Alaska.

Many Administration people are watching the shake - up in New York with mixed feelings. As one observer said: The Berra ouster should help Johnson because people dont want to change in time (rf crisis, and when it comes to the Yankees you never know who youre going to get next.

1 imes

By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN

Copyright, 1964, King Features Syndicate, Inc. j This Is a strange year In

I which nothing comes clear.

Not In England, not In Ru>

I sia, and not in America.

The British election has s^ tied nothing. R has produced a Labor government that mtef , ip parliament by a margin of

I four which means that two

I deaths and two subsequent up-

I sets in by-etecttons could pit^

duce total paralysis. Harold ; Wilson, the new Brttirti iwimt

minister. Is himself an equivocal man; be has veered from being a Left - Bevanlte to a Rightist, and he has cultivated a trick of hiding his own personal positi(m behind an incontestable profundity, as when he says that anyone int^sslng te have a clear idea of what membership in the European Coiii-mon Market would bring to England is either a charlatan or a simpleton. True enough, but where does that leavt m

JOHN CHAMBERLAIN

when we want to know .where Wilson himself stands?

The cabinet that WUschi hu chosen is also equivocal. The surprise in it is Frsmk Cousins. boss of the Transport and General Workers Unic, who has been made Minister of Technol(^. Cousins is a militant socialist, and be has been pretty much of an isolationist. During one quarrel over British membership In NATO, Cousins asked, Is Britain really g(^g to tie itself to an organlzatkm where the complete control of policy is in the hands of General Norstad?** Wilson himself has said he believes in the Western alliance, but he once scared the West Germans by c(ning out for a deal with the Soviets. Just what foreign policy will emerge from Labor Party cabinet deliberations is impossible to foresee.

Quote

There are more than 30,-000 persons killed in automobile accidents in this country every year, according to reliable estimates. The American public have been, and still are, strangely unconcerned over this death rate.Canton (Pa.) mdependent-Sentlnel.

Wilson wants to get England moving. To do this, he will have to Improve the countryz export position, which is the only way to save the British pound. Yet the Laborites tako office on a platform that calls for nationalizing the steel industry. With a margin of four votes over the combined total of the Conservative and Ub-eral Party votes, Wilson can hardly push nationalizat i o n through in a hurry. If it should go through, the impact British manufacturing efficiency will be enough to queer all hope for Improving the export position of the country.

James Callaghan, the new Chancellor of the Exchequer, once suggested a wealth tax* on anybody possessing over $20,000 In pn)erty. Hes probably forgotien the idea. But if he hasnt, the threat of a wealth tax would be Just the thing to discourage any British enterpriser who hopes to make his company more competitive in world markets. The Question Is. what does CaJlaghgn propose now?

The future Soviet Russia is just as much of a riddle as the future Britain. During Khrushchevs last jrears more and more Russians were daring to suggest what can only be described as capitalist heresies. The idea of permitting more individualistic freedmn in farming was openly debat e(U And Khrushchev himself showed that he had been ideologically Infected during his trlipe to the United States and WesU em Europe. He told tiie Hungarians that Iowa could teach them something about agriculture. With Khrushchevs permission, the Soviet Minister o( (Continued On Page 6)

Qecidinq The Future Of Pay TV

By ELMER ROESSNER Nov. 3 W1 not only decide the fate of numbers of nervous politicians but may also determine the future of pay-TV for the next few years, or even longer.

Pay-TV is the concept of financing quality, no-advertising television programs by charging viewers who watch them. There have been feeble on-again-off-agaln attempts in the last 10 years to put feevee 1 a paying basis. Nothing much came of them until Sub-scrlpticm Television, Inc. well financed with $28 million tuned in in C^aUfcumia. Tubes began overheating and fuses sUrted blowing, figuratively speaking.

STV, as the' company is called, set up shop and began hooking into homes in San Francisco and Loa Angeles via teleiAone company coax 1 a 1 cables. Among other advantages. this system keeps the <>-eratlon out of the Jurisdiction of the Federal Oommunlca-tlons Ownmission, which isnt exactly an enthusiastic supporter of the pay-TV concept.

Anti-pay-TV groups sprouted, Using the slogan Keep TV Free in the Home. they collected more than 1 million signatures and put on the ballot a proposed law to bar pay-TV in California as contrary

to public policy.

FILM EXHIBITORS

The opposition is backed. STV charges, by movie theater operators who are not real-^ concerned whether or not free commercial TV is threatened. They want to keep from being outbid for first-run motion pictures and to ^^otect their own pipcd-ln pay-TV in theaters.

It is doubtful that pay-TV would kill free-TV. However, it would siphon off some of the newer movies, better programs and more talented artists. administrators and technicians.

Some labor tmlons, at least one large womens organiza-tira. the National Association of Broadcasters, a Bap t i s t ministers group and a number of others support the anti-pay-TV proposltlra. Newspapers are. for the most part, against outlawing pay-TV and several national magazl n e s have published articles sympathetic to STV. The mayor of San Francisco Is against pay-TV; the mayor of Los Angeles Is for it.

Television networks and most stations dont relish the potential competition but have avoided active sui^rt of the anti-pay-TV proposition. K they cant iick n. they can

always Join em by starting their own pay-TV. Motion picture producers also avoid the political fight because both sides are customers.

COSTLY BATTLE

STV is crafident the proposition will be deferted. Should the act win approval, the company believes It can be beaten in the courts. Or, if barred in California, there are still 49 other states in which to operate, although pay-TV wlU have suffered an enormous set-back.

Win or lose ra Nov. 3. the company has already been

BUfER

ROESSNEB

hurt. The fight has been expensive. STVs capital has been depleted. Some potential customers undoubtedly have been discouraged from signing

up. STV has let some employes go to conserve funds. Stockholders are being asked to increase the number of shares giUtamllng a sure sign ad

ditional financing will be sought.

The lamentable fact Is that the anti-pay-TV campaign le an attempt to legislate a competitor out of existence In a supposedly free enterp rise system. R buggy makers had been as quick and well organized when automobiles were first Invented, we might stiU be riding on ra behind horses. And the railroads concelva^ bly could have shot the Wright Brothers out of the sky with a referendum.

OVER4SO.OOO-A*TEAR FAMILY GIVES AWAT ONLY $2.845 Commercial Clearing House has examined figures on deductions fra Federal Inc o m e taxes in 1962, and found these were the averages in income bnudcets;

$8.00(V$7,000. 8216 $8.00089,000. . 284 $10.000815800. . 363 $15.000820.000. . 561 $25800-$50,000. . 1,138 850.0008100.000. . 2845 These flguree. of course, do not Indicate the amount the Internal Revenue Service will allow without substantiat 1 n g records. R you are not bene-fltting from deductions as large as these, the way to equalize matters is to give more to charity, you tightwad!