Wednesday, June 17,J964

Political Upheaval Among States

The edict of the U.S. Supreme Court that both and "goodfaith effort to construct, dkstricts"in both houses of state legislatures be apportioned on a houses of its legislature as nearly of equal populat-population basis will bring about the greatest politi- ion as practicable, cal upheaval in state governments since the end of colonial days.

It will pose incalculable problems afor almost every state in the union, including North Carolina which has just completed a tedious and paiflstak-ing reapportionment of the representation in both consideration to political subdivisions or geographic houses of its legislature. factors in apportioning legislative representation.

There can be no question that this latest and Although North Carolinas General Assembly surprising edict of the Supreme Court is clearly has spent a great part of its last two sessions in in contradiction with the North Carolina constitution hammering out redistricting and reapportioning which guarantees at least one seat in the House of problems, the new problem faced by the 1965 session Representatives to each of the 100 counties that will be much more complicated and far reaching make up the state. Cheif Justice Earl Warren, in than those of 1961 and 1963.

How You Translate That?

The decision leaves no room for state constitutions' to follow the example of, the federal government in allotlng representation in the two houses of its legislature on two different bases. It leaves no room for state constitutions to give any

reading the historic decision of the court asserted the court means . that a state make an honest

iOke Active In iVloores

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES

RALEIGH PoUUcal notebook;

Dr. I. Beverly Lake sat In on a rstegy meeting o campaign workers for gubernatorial candidate Dan K. Moore in Raleigh last weekend, ^ke to the group and offered advice.

The gathering ot about 60 people from across the state included a laige number of leaders in Lakes first primary campaign for the govemor-ahip. These people are now actively supporting Moore against first primary leader L. Richardson Preyer in what is being recognised as a moderate conservative Moore-Lake coalition.

It is not entirely solid and the most optimistic Moore supporters do not expect that the full impact of Lake's J71.000 first primary votes to swing behind Moore.

However, the list of former Lake campaign managers and otlwr leaders Joining the Moore camp is impressive and Dr. Lake's appearance at the weekend strategy session added to cementing of the ties.

JOINING A list of former Lake managers Joining the Moore lofccs was compiled by Lake's-^ former press aide, George Penny, now working for Moore.

The list included C. N. Castleberry of Sanford, Lakes Lee County manager, who has joined Moores Lee committee composed of Vernon Stevens. Clawson Williams Jr. and former Hodges administration highway (Oficial Harold Makepeace.

Herbert Lee of Norwood, who headed the Lake campaign in Stanly County, and Lakes Scotland County manager Gilbert Medlin of Laurln-burg; Anson County co-managers J F.. Downer and L. C. Rivers: Ashe County manager Jack Lawson of West Jefferson and Beaufort manager G. E. Jackson of Washington all have Joined the Moore organization. Penny said.

Penny said the Lake committee in Guilford County was split with High Point manager Mrs. Ann Martin and committee members Robert M. Martin of High Point and Zalph Rochelle of Greensboro going with Moore, while Emry Green Sr. of Greensboro was reported neutral.

TAPES Meanwhile, the Moore campaign is adopting one of the techniques used by Dr. Lake in the first primary the taping of statements by the candidate for use on radio spots.

Lake used taped radio ^oots extensively in the weeks prior to May 30.

Moore took a full day (rff from his stump campaign schedule to wepare the tapes which will be distributed from Moores state headquarters to local campaign groups for local radio use. It was described as a new series of state

ments. Some television tapes also were being prepared. Moore aides said, too, that a schedule of newspaper advertising already had been started in 27 North Carolina daily newspapers and one in Nor-foik, Va., to continue through the eve of the second primary.

PREYER - While Moore was preparing the radio and TV tapes, Preyer was on the campaign trail in Eastern North Carolina. His first days itinerary took him through five counties which gave Dr. Lake a margin in the first primary.

In Beaufort County. Preyer called, for e^ablishlng a Tobacco Commission, financed by the state if necessary, to work on the problem of a growing tobacco surplus.

He saki it is essential that new markets be found for the finest tobacco In the world in order to make the tobacco price support program secure. The commission he proposed would have promotion of North Carolina tobacco on world markets as its sole purpose.

Both Preyer amd Moore have called for action by North Carolina to Intervene In federal court litigation growing out of a court order obtained by Geor.^la and Florida growers blocking enforcement of a 10 per cent acreage cutback on the Georgia-Florlda belt under the federal price support program. Both candidates said such an order, if allowed to stand, w<wld Jeopardize and possibly crlwle the flue-cured price support program.

UNITY State Democratic party (Officials are thinking in terms of a sort of referee as master of ceremonies for the partys Unity and Vic-toiT dinner in Charlotte on July 31.

There Is guessing that probably Secretary of Commerce Luther H. Hodges, w^ho has remained strictly neutral in the states primary campaigns, may be asked to act as referee.

There were eailier thoughts that Hodges or another highly-placed Democrat might be invited to be the principal speaker. Plans now. however, are for the party nominees for governor, lieutenant governor. Congress and perhaps some of the losing candidates to handle the speaking chores for the $10-a-plate dinner.

Purpose of the affair is to heal as many Intraparty wounds inflicted duilng the primary campaign as possible.

PAST Out of the past. It was just 10 years ago this week that the North Carolina Press Association, holding its annual summer meeting at Lake Junaluska, urged repeal of the highly controversial secrecy law which premit-ted closed, executive sessions of certain legislative committees in the General Assembly.

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As.saming North Carolinas population to be 4.5 million, each of the 120 seats in the House of Representatives would have to represent 37,500 people to be on a equal basis. Of the states 100 counties, however, only 44 have that many or more people according to the latest census figures. The other 56 counties have less than the number of people that would be required for numerical equal representation for each seat in the House.

On the basis of such figures, the Supreme Court ruling obviously strikes down county representation in the state legislature as it has been known in this state for a century.

Whatever the effect of the ruling in other states, it po.ses a serious problem for North Carolina and a radical change in the make-up of the legislatures in the future.

More Than Just Price Supports Is Necessary

Those who take the position that as long as py ALVIN TAYLOR there are price supports for tobacco, the tobacco ^ farmer need not worry, are just not able to see ^ beyond the end of their noses.

Price supports are of utmost importance to the tobacco producing regions of North Carolina and other states. But. in addition to price supports, there must be a strong demand from purchasers for tobacco offered on the auction markets. There must be controlled production to prevent excessive surpluses which could quickly cause the Stabilization program to collapse under too much weight.

Price supports, after all, are supposed to provide a floor under tobacco prices. The supports are not intended as a ceiling on tobacco prices, nor are they intended to set a rigid price at which leaf will be sold.

Elimination of acreage controls on tobacco even if price supports continued would be a serious blow to tobacco farmers of Eastern North Carolina. It would have a devastating effect on the income of tobacco farmers of the area, and in turn on the income of countless other people in the area that is so dependent upon tobacco.

It is a serious mistake, in our opinion, to minimize the seriousness of the threat posed by the recent court decision which would exempt Georgia and F'lorida tobacco producers from acreage controls. The decision Monday of the court of appeals in reversing that earlier decision is a positive step, but it does not mean that the threat to the tobacco program is ended.

It is imperative that every possible step be taken to preserve the tobacco program.

etterina unappreciatea

At the Utilities meeting the other night, City Manager Harry Hftgerty suggested that perhaps signs should be painted on the citys water tanks as a form of advertisement.

Utilities Director Leonard Bloxam pointed out that the cost would be prohibitive. There isnt a sign painter in Greenville who will go up there and paint a sign, he declared.

Well, now how about the boys who paint such things as Greek fraternity letters, Beat Wake and Class of 64 on them.

Bloxam thought of them. He let it be known he couldnt ap

preciate their lettering.

And in the Wilson Dally Times, we see where police are having to wait before they complete a break-in investigation.

Seems someone slit the screens and entered the apartment of a newly wed couple. In--laws discovered it and reported the break-in to police.

However, no one knew if anything was missing. The newlyweds, of course, were off hon-eymoHiing. So police were awaiting their return to inventory their belongings.

Dr. Douglas M. Knight,

Other Editors Saying... Now You See

president of Duke University left his audience tantalized following his opening remarks as speaker for the ECC graduation Sunday.

He arrived late for the cere-m(mles and told his audience he had lived a nightmare in attempting to reach the ceremonies where he was princi pal speaker that aftemo<Hi.

He recalled that following the award of his PhD he had an occasional nightmare. It was that he had completed all the work for his PhD, with the exception of one paper in one course. He would meet his professor who would berage him for not having the work done. Then he would awaken and tell himself: I have It, and no one can take it away from me

But the speaker never d i d say Just what the nightmare was that made him late.

inira

Steo

.rlistonc 3y Cour

Member Audit Bureau of ClrcttiaUon.

All advertising copy must be received at least one day before publcation date- ^

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP> - The Supreme Ourt has now taken three histori steps in two years in a field it had long avoided: voting in the states, the third time was Monday.

The court got biting criticism for all three decision, and high praise. The country quickly adjusted to the first two and will to the third. This is an ABC on what happened and why, starting with the federal gov-eniment as background.

In Congress each state under the Constitution is entitled to two senators. It size or population doesnt count. It is different with the House of Representatives. There each state is entitled to at least one representative.

But any more than that must be based on its population in relation to the population of the other states since the total number of representatives for the O states is limited now to 435.

Every 10 yeai's, after a census. the number of representatives Is reapportioned among the states according to their population. So while each state, has two senators, the number of representatives varies by state populatloi\s.

The same general idea opt'r-ates in the states, or was supposed to. in picking members of their legislatures.

Forty state constitutions rei qutred rearranging of their legislative districts every 10 years or so to provide their voters

equal representations. But for generations some state legislatures ignored thier constitutions. Examples: Tennessee and Alabama.

At the beginning of the century rural areas dominated state legislatures. Then populations shifted from farms to cities, but there was no redistricting, rural areas were still in control and would do nothing to lose it.

An example of what this could mean: 10,0(X) people in one rural legislative dist r i c t would have one state representative while 100.000 city people would also have only one. This meant one farmers vote w-as euqal to 10 city votes.

This meant unequal representation. But the rural contmlled legislatures would not change It. Appeals were made to the Supreme Court. It ducked saying it didnt want to get involved in politics. It said this last in 1948.

In 1962. in a Tennessee case, the court reversed itself and said federal courts would step in if necessary to order redistricting to provide citizens of a .state more equal representation in legislature.

It laid down a rule which has guided it since: one voter, one vole. Then on Feb. 17, ]%4, the couit went further, stepped into state arrangements for election of representatives to Congress from states, congressional districts.

I said congressional districts (Continued On Page 5)

(Richmond News Leader)

The first rule of hocus-pocus, as any good magician knows, is that the hand is ever quicker than the eye. While the whole country was watching the Senate last Thursday, intent upon the civil rights bill, the House passed a pay raise bill almost as outrageous as the pay raise bill it defeated in March.

One effect of the House bill will be to award members of the House and Senate a fat $7,500 raise, effective next January. While this Is better than the originally proposed $10,000 raise, effective upon enactment, it still represents an indefensible raid upon the Treasurey. And if a House- approved amendment should be accepted by the Senate, Congress in the future will be relieved of the embarrassment of voting itself a pay raise. This amendment provides for automatic pay increases for Federal judges and members of Congress whenever the C o n-gress approves a salary hike for the Civil Service.

The House bill would raise the salary of Cabinet officers from $25,000 to $32,500. It would hike Supreme Court Justices from $35,000 to $42,-5000. District Judge would go from $22.500 to $30,000. And among other consequences, the salaries of the House doorkeep-er.and postmaster would go up "to $25,377 and $22.846 respectively. At that level, the House po.stmaster would rank among career deputy postmaster generals.

These top-level raises w^ill

get the most attention, but the raises provided for the ordinary civil service are more indefensible still. Federal employees currently enjoy fringe benefits far more attractive than those offered by private industry. Besides generous vacation pay, sick leave, and retirem e n t benefits, they are provided maximum job security. Moreover, these employees already have received two salary increases during the past 18 months, one in October, 1962, and another in January of this year. While the cost of living has increased 7.5 per cent since 1957. Federal pay raises during the same period have amounted to 2.73 per cent for civil service w'orkers and to 29.6 per cent for postal employees. Few workers in private industry can boast of so great an increase in salary during the past seven years.

This latest pay proposal would add $535 million annually to the already burdensome cost of government operations. This increase in recurring payroll* costs hardly can be Justified at a time when Federal deficits are totaling billions of dollars a year.

The bill now goes to the Senate. where it is almost certain of passage. After all. this is an election year, and Federal workers constitute a sizeable bloc of voters. But it could be that when tbe taxpayers visit the polls in November, they also may recall the names of those responsible for this unwarranted raid on the national Treasury. And their votes count, too.

The Dogs Head philosopher paid us a visit the other day.

You know, he said. Back in the turn o the century the young ladies would faint dead away in a trying situation. Their swains w'ould rush to the rescue by patting their wrists or fanning them, until consciou-ness was restored. The grateful young lady would then melt into the gentlemans arms.

But the modem lass wouldnt dare try the fainting act now days, he mused. Not since the young man of t h e 1960s learned approved methods of mouth-to-mouth resusita-tion.

Opinions In Brie:

Shopping centers are able to offer virtually unlimited free parking and its surprising what this can do to the small businessman, who in order to keep his volume is forced to stay open longer hours, resulting in a higher overhead. Thats when the value of promotion and advertising Is fully realized. Dickinson tN.D.) Press.

All our age lacks is for the President to. commission a formal revision of Tlie Rubl-yat. We can see it now, but dont like it: A box of dietary wafers, a case of diet cola and fat old thou.Winston-Salem (N.C.) Journal.

ikely 'ilace -Mate

By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN

Copyright, 1964, King Features SjmdicMe, Uic.

Whatever may be said of this propeniMy to shoot from " the hip, wUch is a quality that be seems to have taken from the example of Teddy Roosevelt, Barry Girfdwater is a man of tonate decency. He doesnt shoot at people with whom he has to do daily business. He genulneW believes that members oi the same party should refrain from sirinning the cylinders of six-shooter guns in each others presence. The liking for moderation within tl^ ranks of ones own organization will very likely be the key to the Goldwater choice for a Vice Presidential running mate if he himself makes it all t h e way at San Francisco.

William W. ScranUm of Pen-nyslvania is. of course, a man who doesnt ordinarily go in for lethal gun play. But now that he has tossed hJs own hat In the ring to prevent what he has called a Republican wake, he has made himself an immoderate in Gold-waters eyes.

The real thrusts at G o 1 d-water at Cleveland were delivered by George Romney of Michigan and Richard Nixon, now of New Yoik. Since either one of these influential Republicans would provide good ticket balance if Goldwater is the Presidential nominee, it is too iMul that they have offended Goldwaters sense of honor. Nixon played along with Barry for six long months, obviously hoping to get his goodwill and his delegates in the case of a deadlock at San Francisco. But once it had be-cMne apiMirent that t h e r would be no Goldwater-Rocke-feller Impasse at the conven-ti(Mi to exploit, Nixon scrambled to persuade Romney to throw himself in front of the Goldwater bandwagon. The maneuver was political, but Goldwater doesnt like this sort of politics. It obviously prompted his crack that Nixon sounds more like Harold Btas-sen every day. Could there be a Goldwater-Nixon ticket after this?

The measure of Romneys offense is that he struck at Barry at the last minute. The feeling in the Goldwater camp Is that if Romney really feels so strcxigly about things, he should have started his own anti-Goldwater movement last January by entering some primaries. A Goldwater-Romney ticket is, at this point, as hard to visualize as a Goldwater-Nixon ticket.

8o, if Goldwater makes it for the PreMdential slot, the Vice Presidential light should begin to play on Republicans who have not been wielding hatchets, diw>ing pen* in poison, or fanning the cylinders of their six-guns. There is Senator Thruston Morton of Kentucky, for example. There is Representative Melvin Laird of Wisconsin, who is chairman of the GOP Platform Committee, Where others in the party are hoping to write a platform that would embarrass O o 1 d-water, Laird has remarked that there is no doubt that Goldwaters victory in California will increase his influence in the developing of the platform.

Governor Jim Rhodes ot Ohio is another Republican who has refrained from cutting Goldwater up In public. If Ray Bliss, the Republican boss of Ohio, wants to be in on ticket-making he is in a good position to put a Rhodes Vice Presidential card on the table at San Francisco.

Finally, there is Wflliam E. Miller, the Republican National Committee chairman. Miller has scrupulously refrtln-ed from taking sides in t h Republican Presidential free-for-all. He played fair with Rockefeller, who comes from his own home state of New York. But he has always had a liking for Barry OoMwater, and his own political c(Mivic-tions do not clash with t h e Goldwater brand of conservatism.

(Continued on page 5)

' Employment Behind Production

Strength For Today

By EARI, L. DOI GL.ASS

(N)NFLK T BETTER THA.N SECIRITY

A state government some time ago fenced in a large area in order to keep therein all variety of wild game. It was not only impavsible for the game to leave but also for hunters or animals of prey to enter that area.

After several years, the gov-emmenl checked up. on the animals within the area and the animals outside. Tlwy found among those inside the enclosure a much larger percentage of the weak and unhealthy than among the animals that were out in the 0P('n. The stryggle necessitated by freedom of the range made the surviving animals strong. It was an easy existence for the animals that

lived within the enclosed portion, but it was a debilitating existence also.

Life is built on conflict. This is no apology for war. because war reverses the natural process. killing off the fit and allowing the unfit to propagate the race. But whether we like it or not, we must confess as we look frankly at life, that struggle makes us strong and protection of all sorts makes U.S weak. *

Dont complain if you have burdens to bear or problems to solve or battles to fight. These things *.make men and women in whom God takes much joy. And the life of conflict. when we live it cheerfully and courageously, is a thousand times better than a drab life hedged in by protecting fences of security.

By ELMER ROESSNER

The Chicago Federal Reserve Bank points out that industrial production in the first quarter averaged 6 per cent above a year ago but employment wa.s up only 3 per cent. In April, production was up 5.5 per cent over April, 1963, while employment was up only 2.8 per cent.

Jules Backman, New York University economist, told the National Industrial Conference Board. A contributing cause to the failure to create the required number of Jobs has been an excessive level of labor costs which has pric e d .some workers out of the market and has stimulated the rate at which machine? have been substituted for men. . .

I am not proposing that wages be cut to corriect excesses in the past. Such an action would not reverse the decisions already made nor would it be politically feasible.

WOlLD FREEZE MIMMIMS

Since so much of the unemployment involves those who are at the lower end of the wage pyramid, there should be no furthor increases

in the minimum wage. In-cresujes in wages and n o n-wage benefits affecting those above the minimum should be kept within the confines of gains in output per manhour so that labor costs can be reduced.

Prof, Paul W. McCracken, University of Michigan economist, told a business conference there: "We cannot escape the conclusion, however unpalatable it may be politically or ideologically, that our wage - making arrangements are tending to produce chronic unemployment by forcing cost - levels hard against the price trend society is willing to tolerate.

While direct government wage and price controls would produce a first - class case of economic arthritis, he said, vsomethlng must be done to redress the present imbalance of eccMiomic power now evident in wage - making negotiations.

HIGH INTEREST RATES BLAMED

Leon H. Keyserling, the noted economist, told a House Banking Subcommittee that high interest rates were in large part to blame for ub-

employment and for the low rate of United States economic growth.

This caused unemployment to double since 1953 and now threatens a large further rise . . .in the years ahead. he swore. He added that the 11-year rise in interest rates had transferred more than $50 billion of Income frcwn those who had needed tnccane gains most to those who need it least.

These considered statements throw some light on the problem but they do not fully answer the question, "What happened to the jobs?

Poorest people were in Mississippi, where the average was $1,379.

DID YOU GET YOUR $2,443 IN INCOME LAST YEAR?

The National Industrial Conference Board reports that the per capita Income in continental United States last year was ^,443, 3 per cent more than in 1962 and 37 per cent more than in 1953. That woul(l make the income of the average family of four almost $10,-000.

Richest people apparently live in Nevada, where the per capita Income was $3.372: followed by Delaware at 43.250; Connecticut at $3,162: New Y(/rk at $3,000, and California at $2,980.

SHORT & SIGNIFICANT BUSINESS NEWS ITEMS California is irate because the state of Washington taxes its wine less than Washington wine. However, hostilities are not likely to reach the shooting stage. . . .Your food bill can vary as much as $7.50 a week, depending on where you live, the Department of Agriculture reports reports, . .A transistor radio in a model Thunderblrd car will be the give - away lure at Philco open houses. Ford owns T-blrd and PhUco. . . . Aerosol can producticm topped 1 billion cans ic/ the second time last year. . . .State Mutual Life Assurance rep o r t that it sold $5,841.969 of its re-duced-rate-for-nonsmokers policy In the first six weeks. . . Rental of floor and rug care equipment has become a new profit source for supermarkets. . ^ .Progressive Grocer reports the average weekend food .shopper buys $18.40 worth of groceries. On this, the store makes 23 cents and the lad who carries the bundles to the car usually makes 25 cents.