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Wednosday, May 6, 1964

N.C Must. Run

Most North Carolinians are well awar* ^that as long as their state merely keeps pace with the rest of the nation in increasing its per capita -income, it is not making the headway that is needed.

Because it already ranks far down the list of 50 atabes in per capita income, North Carolina must surge ahaad of the national rate of increase if it is to bring the per capita income of its people anywhere near the national averaage.

It is encouraging that the per capita income in the state increased five per cent from ^062 to 19S3. But even with this increase North Carolina failed to improve its relative position with that of the other states.

North Carolina, in spite of the dollar-and-cents progress merely _held its own compared with other states. In 1963,"as in 1962, the state ranked 43rd among the 50 atate.s in per capita income, There were only .seven states in which the per capita income was lower than in North Carolina. In 42 of the 50 .states the per capita income for 1963 was higher than that of North Carolina.

, As a whole, 1963 was viewed as a year of significant progress for North Carolina. Industrial developm'ent, employment and general economic conditions in the state during the year were good. At least fron^ the laymans standpoint it appeared

Image Influence Is Real Factor

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES

SOUTH - The Image of major political parties which has prevailed in the South for Reneraon.s still holds a strong If not altogether predictable Influence on voting patterns In the region.

Is a major concluaion by two University of North Carol 1 n a political aclentlsU drawn from a recent itudy of both white and Negro political attitud e a and habita In th Southern states.

The flndlnga of the study are both interesUnf and Intriguing-The authors themaelvea point to anomallea and aurprlaing aS' pects of the altuation.

But there la much In the study by Dra. James Prothro and Donald Matthews reidily recognisable by those familiar with the oom^iiitloa o South' cm poQIIev.

^Actually what their flndlnga bear out la that political attitudes and habit# do not nec-esvsarily coincide when It cornea to choosing a political party, or even casting a vote in the South.

FINDINGS Among the Prothro-Matthrws findings was an odd political interma^ riage in that while Negroes and whites are sharply opposed on racial questions, both race# Identify preponderantly with one party, the Democrat.

Xt found a surprising as-poet was that of the strcmg Democrats In the South, 73 per cent of whites are strict segregationists and 77 per cent 01 Negroes are strict integration Ists.

The two political scientists offer an explanation. of this in the aepartUon of identity that take place In an indlviduars mind,

The study found that white Democrats identified closely w ith the South as a region and were twice as likely to feel close to other Southerners as were Republicans; whereas Ne-gores of either party felt closer to Negroes than to any other group.

Strangely enough. a UNC report on the study .said, "the stronger an individual identified with the Democratic party, the stronger was his attitude for segregation if he was white, or for integration if he was Negro.

IMAGE The Prothro-Mat-thews study of party linage indicated that for white t h e Democratic party had about four times as strong appeal as the Republican, and for Negroes it was even .stronger.

It found that the Democratic partys main appeal and

basic image was in the con* sensus that it is the party of the common people and the working man along with deep-rooted tradition.

The most unfavorable aspect of the Democratic party image in the South the study too

good to Negroes. The Republican image was based on such things as **the party of depression, big business favoritism, mlitreatment of workers, the study indicates. ^

The UNC political scientists concluded that the respective parties could do well to capitalize on exii4ing strong points and cultivate new images in other areas.

STATISTICS - There have been excciHlCHis to the n o r m found in the Prothro-Matthcws study in recent years in res-jaect to the jtrwii i'l mag e influence on voting pattems.

Yet it is unqueatWisbly true that image, latitude of interests and practical polities contributes to the atstlitloal data hi favor of the Democrats on registraticm hooka in the South. The two UNC soientUta based their findings partly on computer analyasls of registration figures compiled by the U. S. Civl Rights Commiaaion and partly on 1.312 subject Interviews.

What they discovered included:

While a majority of Negroes have politlcaJ attltude.s, only a third ai*e registered whereas three-fourth of the white.s are registered.

One half of the .strong Republican Negores were, nevertheless, registered as Democrats and voted in greater numbers for Kennedy in 1960 than did white Democrats.

Politics apparently has no meaning at all in the atti-tudc.s and thinking of about a third of members of both races.

REALIGN - A finding in the study wa.s that there was no real identifiable Republican upsurge in the South and no great realignment in progress. An equal number of people switches from either of the two partie.s to the other.

Prothro-Matthcws concluded that Democrats would make future gains as unregistered Negro voters are .stirred into activity and that Republic a n may gain some support from a small group of independents, from urbanization, immigration and changing political attitudes which may moderate the number of traditional Southern Democrats , in favo- of the Republicans but that this will take time.

Just To Stay Even

that the state was growing economically at a mort rapid pace than it had in other years. To be sure, it was. But the other states were growing more rapidly also.

The figure.s on per capita income for 1963 emphasixe again that North Carolina has to run at a fast clip just to stand still, relatively speaking, 'with its economic development. If it is to pull Itself up from near the bottom of the scale of states In per capita Income, it must do considerably than just keep pace with the rate of growth of the other slate.s.

We are confident that North Carolina and its people are not content to remain near the bottom of the list of stRtes in per capita income.

Hill Amendment Has More In Its Favor

It's not likely that the amendment to the employment section of the civil rights bill offered by Sen. Lister Hill of Alabama will be considered seri-ou.sly by the Senate, hut at least the amendment points up the faacy of some of the present provisions of the section.

Sen. Hills amendment would prohibit discrimination ill employment because of a persons age. Already the bill contains provi.sions prohibiting discrimination in employment, pay, promotion, etc. because of religion, race and sex. According to the Democrat from Alabama, he is opposed to the hill, but it would be helped by outlawing discrimination becau.^^e of age along with other factors specified in the bill.

The senator pointed out that older people are having an increa.singly difficult time finding employment. The trend for year.s ha.s been toward employing the young and reducing the retirement age in order that more job.s would be available for young people. Even with year.s of experience in a particular field, a man or woman on the shady side of fifty finds it much more difficult to secure am-ployment than a person 15 or 20 years younger.

We doubt that the government wiil ban discrimination against age as a factor in employment, but such a provision i.s just as logical as those now contained in the employment section of the civil rights measure.

Indeed, Sen. HilFa proposal may have more genuine merit that some of the provisions now contained in the employment section of the bill.

Don't Let Him Get You By Thfi-JEanl

By ALVIN TAYLOR

Notes Fresh Off A Cuf:

D

iTumans riace 'h History Safe

We want to &ee Bohhy Saierii the (^her day to congratulate him on the birth of his fourth child, a girl. Of course he was elated because his other three children are all boys.

Bobby told us about an incident that happened when he went to the hospital to see his wife.

As he was leaving he ran into a man who be had known since childhood. The man had a reputation for drinking and on this day he bore the reputation out.

After exchanging pleasantries, the man asked, rather shakily, You come to see someone sick over here?

No, Bobby replied, he h a d come to see his wife who had just had a little girl,

Well, I certainly am eor-ry, the man replied.

Bobbys still thinking that one over.

We wandered across the way from the Reflector office recently to the corner of Second

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By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) *-^ar-ry S. Truman, as briskand cocky as when he left t h e White Houae in 1953, will be 80 Friday and if over the years he has sounded self - satisfied, and still does, its no wonder.

He doesnt have to worry about his place in history, ft will be high up.

In 1952, not long before Truman turned over the presiden-acy to Dwight D. Eisenhower, the American historian, Henry Steele Commager, said in 50 years historians would regard Trumans administration as one of unparalleled a u c-cess.

Ten years later the New' York Times reported a .survey of 75 American historians showed they listed Truman among the near - great presidents. They may plant h i m among the great in the years to come, by Co'mmager's reckoning.

They named the great ones this way; Lincoln. Washington, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Wilson. Jefferson. This was their near-great list: Jackson. Theodore Roosevelt. Polk. Truman, John Adams, Cleveland,

Just before he returaed, Tm-man, in interviews with newsmen who had covered h i s White House years, was asked: If he had it to do all over again, would he change anything?

No, he said, and added; If a president make.s decisions that are right, and for the welfare of the people, it does not make any difference what is said about him while he Is alive. The presidents w h o have done things, who were not afraid to act. have bt'en the most abused.

Now, 12 years later, a newsman a.sked the same question, got the same an.swer: I would change nothing.'* Figuring he did his utmost and willing to .he judged on that, he is adjusted to the thought of death.

He put it this w'ay: I know that when I am carried out feet first It can be said of me; He did

" NS president in history ever

had dumped on him a load more terrible than the one inherited when he stepped into the White Hbuse April 12, 1943; a war to be finished in Europe and the Pacific; a country to be reconverted to peace, and, still undreamed of then, a cold war to be fought.

Except that he had been a hard-working senator, he was an unknown quantity when he became president. He was over-whelmed. He said he felt the moon and stars had fallen on him. Pray for me, he said. __

, But what he had w'as iron and the ability to make decisions. What he needed was good advice. He sought it. His first test: deciding to end the war with Japan by dropping atomic bombs on Its cities.

By the fall of 1945 the cold war was taking shape. So was his thinking about it. In a speech on Oct. 27. 1945. be announced the United States would keep the secret of the atomic bomb, to be safe and preserve peace, and he called for a large armed force. Things piled up on him but he handled them all like iron.

La early 1946 he forced Stalin to pull his troops out of Iran. Early in 1947 he took America, once and for all. out of its ancient tradition of peacetime Isolation,

With Greece overrun by Communist guerrillas and Turkey pressured by the Soviet Union, he proclaimed the Truman Doctrine: American help for nations stniggling to survive. Greece and Turkey were saved.

The same year he launched the Marshall Plan of aid to shattered countries. Westem Europe was put back on its feet, the rest of the non-Red world was helped. Since then the aid bill has reached $100 billion.

In 1948 and 1949, with the airlift he broke Stalins Berlin blockage. In 19.30 he decided to fight the Korean war. He was abused, denounced and tormgjitert by --peoirfr ttke S?hr"'Joseph Mc-(Continued on Page 51

Other Eiditors Saying.

The Boom Boom

iiad - Cotanche Stpeets. T foundations have been laid there for the new Rivers building. Next to it the foundation is in for a service station w'hich will be constructed on the property.

Judging by the meandering path of the service station foundation we wondered if the buildings had lost their bearings. But, m those on the job assured us, this was to be a modernistic building. The stations walls would follow the foundations and everything would be all right.

Christian Science Monitor)

They bothered me less and less as tly progressed. This was the unofficial comment of a man from the Federal Aviation Agency w'ho had been in Oklahoma City during the first weeks of the current series of sonic booms. When the six-month experiment is finished the FAA will have thousands of citizen reactions in addition to the material from its test equipment. Probably by that time a proposed similar experiment will have begun In Britain.

The idea is to see how repeated sonic booms, such as those to be expected from commercial supersonic a i r-llners. affect buildings and people. In effect, the people of Oklahoma City are, over the protests of some of them, guinea pigs. British outcries have already caused one such test to be abandoned.

We are basically on the side of the objectors in such cases. We do not like to see a principle established that individuals can be subjected to mass experiments in the interests of progress.

Yet absolute ethics run into practical questions here. Wj can understand w hy most of the residents of Oklahoma City, which is to a considerable extent dependent on aviation, have acquiesced in the experiment. Apparently some take a kind of pride in this new kind of boom town.

There seems no way of finding out how sonic booms affect cities except to try them on a city. The damage to stmc-tures and the effect on people is expected to be slight. But the FAA wants evidence, be

fore deciding hov/ to proceed in the development of commercial supersMTic flight.

It is not just when a plane breaks the sound barrier, to use the common misleadi n g phrase, that a boom results. The plane creates a cone of pressure during the whole time it is flyin-g faster than sound. This cone reaches to the ground. To the listener below, the boom sounds when the edge of the ccme passes by

And while we are on construction, weve been fascinated by the progress of walkways being built across the famous hill that leads from Fifth Street to the college campus.

The walks gradually step down as they progress over the hill. And workmen have recent* ly been busy installing little walls along the aides of the w'alks. We dont know why but It fascinates us.

NumT

Can the human mechanism absorb repeated shocks of this sort as it has absorbed so much modern noise of all kinds in its cnvlr o n m e n t? Should supersonic speeds be reserved for flying over the ocean or sparsely popula ted areas? Or docs that one per son living on the desert deserve protectiwi from the boom# as much as the thousands in a city?

These are some of the questions. There is something to be said for approaching them through a publicized experiment rather than through un-aimounced trials or through experience after supersonic airliners are operational.

The FAA is already sensitive to noise. Even subsonic planes use noise-abatem e n t climbs over cities. The present supersonic military planes have managed to get around witnout causing much nuisance to the general population. But the problem will be getting bigger.

We need to know how Oklahoma City takes the boom boom. But we must not reach the point of submitting to every mass experiment that comes along.

What with all the money that is to be spent in Appalachia following the presidents visit there a short while ago, Eastr em Carolinians should wel-come him here with open arms Thursday.

It might be worth a billion or so.

Anybody who questions whether or not there is any future for college athletes, might examine the career of one Robert V, Cox.

Cox played fiiotball w- i t h Charlie Justice at UNC in the late 1940s. He was a businessman in Chapel Hill following college, became interested In the Jaycees and soon became state president.

Then he wa.s elected national Jaycee president.

Just yesterday a news item announced that Cox w o u 1 d speak at the annual fraternity men awards banquet here. Now Cox is billed as a New York executive of the Pepsi * Cola, Company. That is some distance away from the footb a 11 fields.

Quote

The Administrations war on poverty should not blind us to the need for another assaultan all-out war on federal prodigality. Mableton (Ga.) Mail.

Iden

louch

N'otec.

By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN

Copyright. 1963, Kina Features Syndicate, Inc.

LBJ, it is becoming obvious, is developing a golden touch. .Aside from his - misadventure with the beagles ears, w'hich will undoubtedly be aerved up to him during the campaign by unrelenting dog lovers, everything has been breaking right for him of late, This is particularly true in foreign affairs, Zanzibar, it appears, has not yet become a Red Chines# Cuba off the east coast of Africa. The Brazilians h a v f forehandedly nipped a Castro ite take-over of their country that was scheduled for May 1, True enough, all is not well in South YietTOTH, but all Is not lost, either, and the favorite of the Republican rank and file, Henry Cabot Lodge, is LBJs captive in Saigon. Finally, the news, from several sources is that food shortages in Iron Curtain countries will certainly la.st through another year. This should keep Khrushchev from being too blatantly adventurist.

If the LBJ luck continues to hold on the foreign front, tho Republican may be forced to desert their present campaign strategy, which is t os t r e s overseas reverses, and look for some domestic issues. The trouble here is that the man In the White House has h i s ways of pouring a mellow golden haze over everything of a domestic nature. He settles tho jail strike. Ha klds-ihe- JiusJb* ness men and, with General Motors setting a new three* months profit record, the business men lap it up. He tours the poverty belt of Appalachi by air and who can bf against a man who can say such hard - plucking things about the need to eliminat# suffering in mountain cabins?

To strike at LBJ, the Republicans must find a way of proving that the blanket concern of the White House for poor folks in general is n o t going to help any poor person for very long in particular^ Or that a Washington broads i d s about covering the scars caused by strip-mining is not going to fill in any holes in tht ground.

The truth, as the Republicans will find it almost impossible to set forth in the sig short months that lie ahead, is that many of our localities, whether In Appalachia or else-w'here, have been gaining s great deal of yardage in thf battle against poverty and uglW ness without asking Washington for the sort of help that must end in higher taxes or in monetary inflation.

Last Fall I saw what t h State of Ohio was doing to W'ipe out the defacements caused by strip-mining and sine# I have learned that Ohio is not alone in its efforts along this line. The Peabody Coal Com-pany in Illinois up 1H

own industrial litter by turning stripped areas into beautiful recreation areas. And this coming week-end. in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, they will celebrate the transformation of some strip-mined acres into a golf course.

President Johnson has called for the development of new power projects in Appalachia, reminding the voters that his political experience goes back to the days of Franklin D. Roosevelts TV A, But private industry has already taken th# lead in pioneering some mighty power projects in the very regions for which LBJ has shed, his most copious tears. The great new l,60fl,000-kilow a 11 Keystone Electric Generating Station. W'hich will be located by a consortium of 18 investor-owned utilities in Indiana, Pennsylvania, will bum some 4.700,000 tons of bitumlno u s coal annually. Almost half of this coal will be supplied by three new mines which are to be opened close to the site. This particular news about new mines didnt have to w'ait on a Washington campaign against poverty.

The truth Is that Appalachi (Continued On Page 5)

Maybe Ready For Peanut Butter

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Strength For Today

By EARL L. IHl (HASS OPIHtRTl^NITY

There has never been such an age of opportunity as the one in which we live. There has never been an area on this .ilanet so far as we know that has ever offered such opportunities as does the continent of North America. To b' living in a free country in the middle of the twentieth century is the greatest hles.slng that ver came to any huiiican' lie-Ing. Anyone w ho does not know thia should be rudely awakened from hl.*< nightmare, or Ntter still, .M-nl off to .some jKut of the world where cnmlitrons were presumably better.

But, of course, one will never find such a place The old ex-pre.sslon, We never had it so good," applies to all of us tixiay, t'.HXicially Uiosr of us w lio li\e in the Umted States or Canada.

Here i.s' opportunity such as humanity has never known before. A person who cant be happy under these circumstan-ce.s has some inadequacy or unhappiness in his life which is in no way dependent upon circumstances. Because in these free countries, in spite of such problems as residual poverty, unemployment. Injustice, sin and sickness, we have alxiut ever.vthing that humanity at its present stace of development can enter into and enjoy,

Let us thank God every nli|ht that we were born in a free country, that we were Ixirn at a tinw* when human nchieve-menl could do #o much to alleviate pain and promote happiness and welfare Ppoi tunlty is all that any good person wants as he gives him.self to the living of a full life And opportunity we mou-erns haie aplenty.

By ELMER ROESSNER

When there was a war on ..and,your- caluwmisfe was a'civilian attached to the Stars Stripes in Paris, he came to know, for reasons no longer clear, a number of girls in the British equivalent of WACs. After lunch-one day, a group of these girls rushed toward him on the Rue de Berri, laughing and shouting. One said. Oh. Colonel Rocssncr, weve found out how to eat peanut butter! I was not a colonel but I looked more like one than most of the real ones,

"Yes, one gii*l continued, you put it on a slice of bread and put the bread in your mouth upside-down. Its good that way and doc.snt stick to the roof of your mouth! And they went on their way, happy in the belief that they had solved one more problem that stood between them and the Yanks,

The fact is that most Enr*(v p^ans feel that peanut butter mucks up their mouths. But now. the Department of Aiil-cuUure reporti, the prospect of seiliag more peanuu in Europe Is improving. A team of Indu.stry rrprcsentatives has found that Britain. West Ger

many and the Netherlands offer an immediate market for U; S. peanuts and peanat pro-ducts. Importers in these nations, Foreign Agriculture says, are especially interested in peanut butter.

Belgium, Italy and Switzerland may be Interested later. In West Germany, the study team said, although peanut butter is virtually unknown, the local custom of eat 1 n g bread snacks and preserves may promise a big outlet for peaiiut blister.

The team consisted of Pat Cagle, Texas peanut shellers; E. F. Gilliam, a Virg i n i a sheller; George Nechling, a peanut - product manufacturer; and Howard Akers, a U.S. Agriculture Department specialist.

Meanwhile, the USDA is seUing more than 00. million pound# of peanuts for'cru^ ing or export.

gain hard currency for European goods. Sales of Chinese -silk gained in Britain, Fraojce.. West Germany and Switzerland last year.

GIVE UNEMPLOYED GRANTS, CLEVELAND BANK SUGGESTS It may be cheaper to give unemployment men grants of $3.(X)0 a year than to try to create Jobs for them through" a continued expansion of the currency supply, the Cleveland Trust Co. suggests.

An additional 2 per cent inflation this year, the bank suggests in its April business bulletin, would wipe out $4.8 billion of the $2.39 billion the rest of the population has saved over the past ten years.

easy it would be to tuni th# tide without concern for the . tariff, says the huUetin. Stores simply refuse to sell toys at little or no profit and are making refusal positive by increasingly buying abroad. Although the NRMA did not mention it. one of retailers' biggest gripes is about manufacturers who plug toys heavily television and then offer them for retailers at unprofitable tenns. Retailers say they must then carry the toys, to satisfy customers, without profit.

RED CHINA DUMIMNG .SIIK .SAY REPORTS IN THE TRADE

Red China is offering raw silk in Westem Europe at low prices, according to reports in the trade. Objectives seem to be to capture part of the market from the Japanese and to

RETAIL MERCHANTS ANSWER TOY INDUSTRYS fOMPLAINT

The National Retail ^Mer-fhnnt.s A<4.sorialion slaps l>ack at toy manufacturers In its cnrrftit bulletin. The maim-facturers have asked the Tariff Commission not to lower dutie.s on toys, and say that the Jol of 6(1,000 employees are threatened.

They know, of course, how

SHORT SIGNIFICANT BUSINESS NEWS ITEMS Emanuel Becker of Los Angeles sends in an ad in which mink .rtoles are offered for three Underwood Deviled Ham labels and $345. , .No stamps, pleaae. . .Think we have trouble? Australia had 379 strikes involving 100.000 workers iB the la.st thive montlw. , . . Anieilran.s tiaveling in search of work have become their greatest problem, the Travel ers Aid Society reports. . . . Sales of t>lastic bags for shipping will miiitipl> six times in the next four year.#, acrord-tng to preajctions at the Packaging Expositi(A in New York.