Monday, April 13, 1964

College Drop-Outs Also Of Concern

North Carolinas drop-out problem is not con- capped by notrecei\iing educational opportunities fined to boys and girls who stop public schools eqqual to those offered youngsters in larger high before they get their high school diplomas. North schools. In many instances it is because a small Carolina has an equally acute drop-out problem high school is limited in the scope of courses it is among its college students even though the drop- able to offer its youngsters.

outs may be for a different reason. No community, of course, expects that every

In recent years the state has seen the entrance student who graduates from high school will be requirements of its college move steadily upward capable, of going through college with flying because of the increasing niimber of applicants who scholastic colors. Even so, there is a growing con-want to go, to college. The higher requirements cern in many communities at the tough time many have made it increasingly difficult for high school high school graduates are having getting into col-graduatesparticularly those from smaller high %lege and making adequate grhdes to stay in college. schooIs~to obtain admission to the colleges of There are a number of instances in Pitt as

their choice. In many instances, youngsters who well as in other counties where the educational op-ranked near the top of their classes in small high portunities offered our^ youngsters could be subschools find they do not measure up with students stantially improved through a sound consolidation from larger schools on the college admission tests, program at the high school level.

Statistics on the freshmen classes of the col- - lUf

leges in this state also show that a large number of JYIUCj!! JtiiOOIIl f OIT

those who are admitted to college flunk out or drop out of college before they complete their first year.

Here again, there is the indication that many of the lIUIISHi v^H ImClllS

youngsters who attend the smaller high schools were

not adequately equipped during their public school Again the nation has narrowly averted a crip-years to meet the academic demands made upon pling railroad strike which would bring a good them In college. part of the countrys commerce to a virtual stand-

The situation points up vividly that the young- still. This time a 15-day truce period has been ster in a too small a high school often is handi- established in an effort to reach a settlementshort

of a strikeover work rule changes.

mdicators Show A Rosy Health

By WnXIAM A. SHIRKS

INDICATORS Some concerns have been voiced but several recent surveys and checks of most indicators show that North Carolinas business and econratnic climate Is In rosy health heading Into Spring of 1964.

Based on most Indica tors, the outlook appears favorable. It was too early to gailge effect of recent federal inc o m e tax cuts designed to provide further stimulus.

Concerns have been based on certain unknown factors tobacco for example. One source reported Indicatlwis of Im-f-provement In the t<*acco situation In late February and early March.

ECONOMY Federal Income tax cuts are expected to put $132 million more in the hands of North Carolina taxpayers during 1%4 and 1965. Withholding tax reduct ions went Into effect on March paychecks and certain oth e r JKnefita JU!e expected to show up by summer.

Business activity in the state had registered gains in February before the tax cut, according to a number of sources. The Wachovia North Carolina Business Index shows a general business expansion for the past 37 months.

Spending levels, manufacturing man-hours, advances In average workweek.s ,ln textiles and furniture industrie.s, increased construction indust r y employment, and a 20 percent February spurt in new car sales all indicated a high e r level of Ixisiness activity.

DEBT One authoritative aource, the bond department of Wachovia Bank and Trust Co., has published an analy-fls oTTTofOr tJaroMna^s^ t o t a 1 governmental bonded indebtedness which is estimated at slightly over one bUllon d o 1-lars.

The analysis, Wac h o v 1 a says, reflects a substantial 1 y lower net debt level, well below one p^ csent of the entire municipal debt In the nation. It says this points to the comparative conservatism of the North Carolina debt level.'

Total state and local debt In the United States at the end of 1963 was estimated at 83 billion dollars.

BREAKDOWN - The break-down on North Carolina bonded Indebtedness is as follows:

State of North Carolina-General Obligations $223,703.000

N.C. Local Government debt (estimated)" $700,000.000

N.C. New Housing Authority

Bonds $75,938.000

N.C. College Revenue Bonds (estimated) $25,000,000

Total $1,024,641,000.

The analysis, however, reduced the net debt status c<m-slderably.

At the state level, approximately $20 million are sinking fund bonds exceeded by their funds. In addition, $74 million are secondary road bonds supported by a one-cent per gallon gasoline tax providing for full payment of debt service requirements.

A large part of the local government debt is secured by self-supporting water, sewer and utility revenues. The $75 million in various New Housing bonds are a federal subsidy. And the college revenue bonds are self-supporting payable from dormitory revenues and student fees.

RATES New rate schedule.' proposed by one of the states biggest electric utilities, Carolina Power and Light Co.. would wipe out the last of its rate differentials between urban and rural customer and those exLsthig in certain sections of the (ZIP&L system.

For example, it would wipe out a rate differential that has existed in the old Tide Water power company area in southeastern North Carolina during the dozen years since CP&L bought Tide Water in

m2.

CP&L says the rate changes would save its customers in both Carolinas $1,150,000 a year-passing along all of t h e companys anticipated savings from recent income tax reductions.

They would equalize residential, o^nmereial.and s_mall industrial rates over the entire CP&L system, establishing a $1.50 minimum for urban and rural customers alike. CP&L estimates savings at $450,000 a year for residential customers, $500,000 for com-/nerclal and small Industr 1 a I customers, $155,000 for churches and schools and $45,000 for municipal street lighting accounts.

The latter results from a lower rate proposed for mercury vapor street lights, which CP&L says are more efficient.

The proposals also Include discount rates for residential use of electricity In excess of 750 kilowatt hours monthly, for all-electric home use, and all residential customers with 15-gallons capacity or larg e r electric water heaters.

'a

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Unfortunately, signs point to the fact there is little room for settlement of the dispute over work rule changes short of a strike against the nations railroads. The far-reaching compulsory arbitration action taken by Congress some time ago in an effort to settle the dispute has not produced the desired results. The railroads have adamantly maintained the position that they intend to make the work rule, changes to~eliminate featherbedding. The railroad unions have been just as adamant in their position that any changes in the work rules will be answered by a strike.

This, of course, has been the situation in this long dispute rules now in

need to be changed in the interest of the companies and in the interest of the public. The railroad unions, understandably, are determined to use every means

cora

Not

HoDelul

SiTidicU, Inc.

By ART' BUCHWALD

. The antiquated and unrealistic work T TV 7^ ^ ^

I effect on the railroads of the nation \l \/ (] Q | ITl (] Om >

hnncr#rl in fbo inforoof nf fbo i*nmrmnia v->L k-/X XXX XVm. LVk,^X X lw/

i ourists

Washington Is jam-packed

1 . i i-v 1 * it. 1 j j j t with tourists these days, Ev-

possible to prevent the loss of featherbedded jobs eryone has decided that the

that would result when the work rules are changed, thing to do is to bring their There is the desire on the part of all citizens children to Washington and that in the public interest that a nationwide rail PriS

strike can be averted. But it is also important to er the country have been des-recognize that little genuine progress toward the cending on us with theft- off-settlement of the dispute without a strike has been everyone swears it

made. -

Perhaps the new series of White''House conferences between the railroads and the Unions will hammer out some basis for settlement which each side will accept. But on the basis of past ex-

had been a worthwhile experience. Well, almost everyone. One friend stopped in to see us the other day completely exhausted and somewhat discouraged.

Hows It going? we ask-

perience in this difficult matter, there is little to cd the father of two boys aged

encourage optimism on the part of the public.

College Often Requires A Job

12 and 7.

Great, Just great, he replied.

The kids like Washington?

They love it.

What do they like best about it?

The television set in their

hotel room. I drove 5(X) miles so they could stay up and watch Breaking Point. The first morning after*we arrived I went into their room to get them up for breakfast and they wouldnt get up. There was an old Boris Karloff movie on at midnight and they had stayed up to watch it. We finally got them organized by 11 oclock. I was determined to take tiem up to the Senate to let them see how our laws were enacted. We waited in line two hours to get into the gallery. When we finally got in, there were two Senators at their desks reading newspapers and one Senator on the floor attacking Australian meat.

So I took them over to the House of Representat i v e s w'here there were two men sleeping, three men standing in a comer arguing, and one

By WINFRED L. GODWIN

Jokes about the magazine salesman working his w a y through college are almost old hat. But the growing number of college students who need and want to work to meet mounting school expenses is serious fact.

Todays student, especial 1 y from the low income family, needs a helping hand to meet current, four - figure college costs, as President John.s o n has suggd^sted in his new War on Poverty program.

The Administration \s proposals include a request for more jobs for todays disadvantaged young people who seek a higher education.

Not a hand-out, the proposed program would create legitimate employment for 130,000 undergraduates each year. They could earn up to $500, a big help towards staying In college.

Only those from low Income families would qualify and institutions serving students from such families would receive the bulk of the $72.5 million annual appropriation.

A study four years ago revealed that more students were employed by institutions of higher learning than the number receiving scholarships, attesting not only to the lack of scholarships but to the growing need for more jobs. It is doubtful If the picture has changed.

At one large midwest e r n university, half of the single men students and over t w o-thlrds of the maj-ried*ones are employed. The figures are probably as high in some Southern institutions, exploding the publics image of a Big Spending Joe College.

The working cbUege student Is by no means a rarity on todays campus. His earnings are low, roughly averaging $250-$300 for the academic year, if he holds a campus job. He

may work as much as 10 hours a week, on top of a full time academic work week. Grades drop with a longer work week, Institutions report.

How far do these small earnings go? A newly - published report of basic student charges (tuition, room and board) at Southern institutions pinpoints the problem: Auburn University. $765; Florida State University, $796f University ot Georgia, $960; University of Kentucky, $810; and University of Maryland, $976, These are state supported schools and the figures cover only a part of total expenditures.

A student could get by milking cows, posting books, running telephone lines, digg i n g electrical light poles working through college for four cents an hour, a Clems o n College official recently reminiscedway back.

But costs have risen 85 percent in public colleges alone over 10 years.

Scholarships are increas i n g but not nearly apace with the demand. Student loans are more accessible but, as U. S. Commissioner of Educat 1 o n Francis Keppel reminds, there is a peril point in borrowing large sums for education. A loan of several thousand dollars not only frightens many students and their parents but it may discourage them to the point of temporary withdrawal. This often bee o m e s permanent.

Individual institutions are woi king on the student employment problem. Georgia Techs cooperative education program, which allows students to alteniate work periods in industrial jobs with sessions in school, is being expanded.

The state of Florida recently initiated a government Internship program for senl ora and graduate students In Its colleges and universities.

(Continued on Page 5)

Other -Editors Saying. Nothing To Gloat Over

(Henderson Dispatch)

However much one may loathe the communist ideology, there is not a great deal for Americans to gloat over in the split between Soviet and Russia and Red C2iina. The leopard has not changed his spots, and these two great nations are as wedded to Marxism as ever they were.

What has happened is development of an intense jealousy between the two trrer who is to be the leader of the communist world. The Peking regime was a late comer to this barren, politico-social ideology. Mao Tse-tung took the cue. from Stalin years ago and has bunt upon the theme. The halfbillion population of his great sub-continent in east Asia and his successful iron rule has inflated his ego to the point that he has become convinced that he is head and shoulders above Khrushchev.

Moscow has relaxed its aggressiveness against other nations, at least temporarily. Khrushchev has shown a mite more of cordiality toward western powers, perhaps in the thoqght that he needs sympathy against the rise of th (Chinese giant on his ea.stem frontiers. He is of no mind to surrender leadership to the Peking dictator. Meantime. Mao calls Mr. K the greatest capltua-lationlst in history A which has dravTi fire from the communist apparatus in the Kremlin.

Rivalrj between the two powerful govements is the

basis of the present hostility. But this is not the windfall for the free world that it appears on the surface. If the cleavage progresses to the point where Russia and (^ina tegin clawing at each other, the result could conceivably be that of survivaT of the tittest. The one that would emerge from such a showdown would then begin to flex Its muscles and strut across the stage of the world as the winner.

In such a development, or before it reached that status, the two would turn heaven and' earth to patch up their differences and close ranks for the sake of communism itself as they know and practice it. There is little, if anrthing, for the free world to shout about in this developing schism. There must be more than is in sight up to now before the demcxra-tic nations would be justified in taking comfort in this split be-t^'een Moscow and Peking.

Four our part, we would like to see a much more serious and permanent breach than there Is thus far before concluding that we are better off than we have been.

Whatever the future may hold as between the Kremlin and Peking, communism c o n-tinues to be the greatest menace to liberty in the world. Adherents to the doctrine in other nations would scarcely abandon their activities even if the break were to become genuine and permanent. There isnt anything final up to now for the free world to rejoice about.

Congressman on the floor defending the oil depleti(Mi allowance. -The only thing that impressed them about the Capitol was the cafeteria in the basement.

Did you take them to the White House?

I did, but I made a mistake. I took them there after it was dark and all the lights were turned out. Timmy, my youngest one, started to scream that we were going to be mugged, so we all went back to the hotel.

What have they seen in Washington that they liked? Howard Johnsons, the Hot Shoppe, and Blackies House of Beef. They wont eat a thing when theyre at home, but take them to a restaurant where the pieces are a la carte and theyll order everything on the menu.

Did you take them to the Supreme Court?

"Yes, but they werent Impressed. They didnt see any defendants being brought In with handcuffs, so they wouldnt believe it was a court. What Is a trial without Perry Mason?

You seem pretty worn out.

I dont know why I should be. Any 4()tyear-old man can walk to the top of the Washington Monument.

Why didnt you take the elevator?

Andrews teacher told him to w^alk up. She said he would appreciate it more.

How much do you think the trip cost you?

Well, counting the traffic ticket I got for parking in the wrong place at the Line o 1 n Memorial and the souvenirs (ve bought to prove the boys were in Washington, I would say around $300.

Thats not too bad. Where are the boys now^?

They w^ent to see 'The Fall of the Roman Empire. You cant bring a kid all the way to Washington and not let him see a movie that wont play in our town until next week.

Quotes

A book Is mans best friend outside of a dog, and Inside of a dog its too dark to read.Tulsa Tribune.

Whatever the thinkers believe, working Americans know that it is what they produce that makes the affluence. When the work stops, so does the affluence. Florence (S.C.) Morning News.,

By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN Copyright, 1964, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

Senator Fulbrights recent remarks about unfreezing our attitudes toward foreign affairs have received high marks among intellectuals.

But what do the intellectuals mean when they speak erf unfreezing? The new turns in world events of the past year or so have not been such that Khrushchev can cheer atout them. His country has had to admit that thirty years, of Marxist agricultural policy havent yet succeeded In feeding the nation. In Hungary, the general air o dissatisfaction has caused Khrushchev to make a tacit promise of more goulash. In Latin America Castroism has receded a bit, with Venezuela and Brazil taking the lead in resisting infiltration. And the House of Marxism is Itself fatally divided, with the Red Chinese growing more uppity by the minute.

Toss all this Into the hopper, and you might very well come out of It with a new and hopeful foreign policy. But do Pul-brlght and the inteUectuals who follow him really want anything new? Arent they really calling for a return to the Henry Wallace attitude of the late nineteen forties, when the intellectuals were insisting that the sole reason for he Cold War was to be found In western distrust of Stalins motives?

Actually, I trust Khrushchev to behave much more circumspectly during the next few months and maybe years than Stalin every behaved. I think the man does want a better break for Russian and even Hungarian consumers. But Khrushchevs needs arc our opportunities. We can. If we are truly flexible, bargain the Soviets right out of the western hemisphere. And we might even David - Harum them into relaxing their grip on eastern Europe.

Alas, I see no reason to think that the intellectuals want it this way. The record Is that, however intellectual they may be, they are not intelligent in their perception of the natural world. I have just had the privilege of a look at a gigantic book by James J. Martin that is scheduled for publication by the Devin - Adair Company of New York some time next Fall. It is to be called American Liberalism and World Politics, 1931 - 1941, and it consists of a voluminous investigation of what our intellectuals were saying throughout the decade that led to U. S. involvement in World War n. Reading the long manuscript has been a most sobering experience, for it is a stupendous record of mistakes, bad guesses and incredible somersaults.

For example, the intellectuals began the decade of the Thirties as pacifists. When the decade came to an end they were howling for war.

They began the decade with an onslaught on munitions makers as merchants of death. They ended the decade with a despligijry Tot* more armaments.

They began the decade by criticizing the Morgan loans to the* countries that became our World War I allies. They denounced the Treaty of Versailles. They said neveragain to involvement in Edropean politics. They refused to follow Secretary of State Henry Stim-son in calling for sanctions against Japan in the first Manchurian crisis. By the end of the decade they had reversed themselves on these and all the other propositions ^mming from the revisionist attitude toward World War I.

Finally, they began the decade with a prejudice In favor of Rooseveltian economic nationalism. They ended it with a call for One World.

Now, the big case against the intellectuals does not rest on whether they were right at one end of the decade rather than the other. Maybe some of the flipflops that occurred were all to the good. But the point is this: the war that the intellectuals finally brought themselves to accept had issues and one of the issues was the emergence of crusading Communism on the world stage. It Is (Continued On Page 5>

Supply And Demand Inverted

Strength For To(day

By EARL L. DOl(.L.4SS OPPORTlNITY MAY IMPEDE

Alexander the Great is said to have wept after his great conquests because he had no more worlds to conquer. He had marched his aimies frm Greece to India. He had set up centers of culture everywhere, He was laitiely respon-T6h tbcmbdlfiPatlbn of the Greek language into that simple form of Greek in which the New' Testament is written. They called him great and indeed he was great.

But how little of the world Alexander really conquered! Western Europe, the British -Mes.-North and South America, and threequarters. of the continent of Asia these areas Alexander never conquered and about most of them he Eiew nothing. *

Nhiety years ago there was a real movement afoot to abolish the patent oUlcs. Why ctMiUnue

it? Certainly everything that could be patented had already been made and patented. Yet in the past 23 years we have conceived larger scientific ' and Industrial projects than the human race hsa conceived in the whole of its previous hls-toi-y. ,

Present - day children es-^cially p they approach tera-iagF are up^againsl a serious' problem. What will they choose and what will they reject? In the old days not one person in ten thousand received a college education. And the generation of that day. just about concluded that ppportuniqes for education and advancement would never make any perceptible advance.

Our forebearers were obsessed with a sense of lifes limi-

By ELMER ROESSNER There are neither carts nor horses in the American economy today, so its foolish to say that it has put the cart before the horse. But it has got supply and demand curiously inverted and there Is no telling what may happen.

When . the Johnson Administration pushed through the income tax cut, it was obvious to most that increased money in the hands of taxpayers would create increased spend

er and despite the early Easter this jear.

Meanwhile, prices have generally advanced. On the industrial level, silver, copper, aluminum and other materials have gtme up. On the consumer sector, while prices showed a fractional drop In February, all indications are that they have been rising steadily .since.*-

The rise in industrial prices are. of course, not exactly comparable to the rise in consumer demand, but industrial pric

ing power, and Uiat this In turn , iter_som lag, do_ aiiect

WouTd fSiish prices up.

A curious thing seems to have occurred. The increased purchasing power has led to very little rise in spending, yet prices have gwie up anyhow. ^VHERE IS THE MONEY?

The tax cut became, effective March 5 so, for the most part. Marcfi was the first month in which consimiers had those lovely extra dollars.

Yet total sales of all retail

tatiahs. Weare in danger of '"stgfgg.OT Maitli

riding off violently in all direc- 28 were only 1 per cent above

tions. We have to guard lest the comparable week a y e a r

our opportunities become our aeo. And totals for the prevlnus

undoing. weeks in March wereJsliH Ibw-

cisrisvimei* prices.

POSSIBLE EXPLANATION

It would appear that.manufacturers and distributors, expecting an upsurge in consumer demafid, have increased prices. But consumers have refused to be gulled. They have been cautious for the m o s4 part.

Of course, some have rushed to buy hbw cars or new appliances on Instalments. Sales in these areas have gone ahead although, note well,'prices have not been pushed up In anticipation of consumer spending.

For the most part. Malzle Doakes has been preserving her traditional role as the steadying force In the American economy. During the stock market bobble of May, 1963, when some economists thought the economy, if not the world, was coming to an end. Mrs. Doakes w'ent right on spending money, maintaining a market and providing Jobs. And from time to time since the end of World War n, Mrs. Doakes, the great America consumer, by .spending right through reces-sl(Mis, has helped wipe them out.

And so it may be that Mrs. Doakes is keeping her head, again,.-, and is ncit rushing to spend those few extra dollars In Joe Doakes pay check each week. If she sticks to that, the recent price rises in consumer goods will be corrected, and so will the Increases in Industrial prices.

because of fears of Inflation, 80 will prices of liver bev cause of the costs of defending themselves against government anU-trust charges, steel companies will boost prices; because of the demand for materials to rebuild Alaska, demand for cement, steel and equipment will up-shove prices

HERE ARE EXCEPTIOMS^ FROM THE RU1.E Nevertheless, because of the drift to the left In (Thlle, copper prices will c(xitinue to rise;

OLD PROMOTER WANTS FLUTES ON PHONES The Old Promoter walked in today and announced, The Rovemnient ought to take over., the telephwies!

A strange statement from a free-enterprlser like you! I exclaimed. And w^hy?

I see by the Insiders New'S-letter that the Dutch Post Office, which runs the Holland phones. Is replacing telephone bells with a flute-like sound at heavy expense. A committee of Dutch psychiatrists has reported that the jangle of the phone bell Is a 'rnortal enemj of jnan'anervous system. Do you think American phone companies will do anything like that?.

Flutes, no. I said. Saxophones, znasdM.LN >_________ _