Thurday, April 9, 1964

At"This' Time, A Dubl Tragedy

He Died Fighting

The death of a young minister under the wheels of a bulldozer in Cleveland would be tragic under any circumstances. It is doubly tragic now, we believe, because all Americans are coming to realize that the place to solve racial problems is around the conference table.

Looking back over the past few years, there can be little doubt that demonstrations, sit-ins and the whole concept of passive resistance gained the attention and sympathy of most fair minded Americans for supressed minorities.

North and south, east and west we have seen a change in the thinking of citizens on the problems of Negroes. Today, even in the south, there are few who do not realize that the day is coming when every man will be treated equally in the eyes of the law; every man will have the right to employment insofar as his abilities justify.

Such great changes will come about only as men communicate with one another and understand each other's problems.

We w'ho live in the south have seen great pro

gress in the field of race relations in recent years, far greater than other areas of theTiation can claim. To be sure we had, and still have, further to go.

It is equally true that the progress has not been rapid enough to s/itiflfy some. History, however, teaches us that once the forces of social change are unleashed the trend is seldom reversed.

It is our observation that while demonstrations have called attention to the problem of segregation, the real progress has come when responsible community leaders sat down around the conference table to discuss solutions.

- 'It is then that jobs open to qualified Negroes, service in restaurants become available to them

nexDected Bit

and hotels open their doors to minorities.

In our society' disobedience of the law is "a dangerous thing. It could cause the very pillars of our system to crumble.

We cannot deny that such risks were justifiable early in the fight to improve our society. Those who inject these tactics into the battle at this time, however, are far too late to be of constructive service. Responsible leaders in every nook and cranny of our nation, we think, have read the signals of social change. They are anxious that changes be brought about in an orderly manner.

Of Involvemen

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES

OILL Members oi the Council ot State traditlona 11 y try to remain as outwardly neutral as possible in political campaigns such as the one now raging.

Thus the statement this week by State Treasurer Edwin Gill predicting a substantial surplus' at the end of the current biennium was both unexpected and.s<Mnewhat of a surprise.

Gill himself conceded he might be getting involved.

It ks not surprising that Gill feels as he does, but that be chose to speak out so flatly. It was totally unexpected in the camps of the major candidates for governor that Gill would go so far.

His statement strongly supports the position of candidate Dan K. Moore who has been forecasting ft substantial surplus for the past two months and who has been engaged in a running feud with Sanford administration sources and with gubernatorial candid ate L. Richardson Preyer on this point.

Intentional or not, GUI certainly knew that his statement would, in effect, place him quarely behind Moore.

UNEXPECTED From the standpoint of the Moore camp. It was powerful help from an unexpected source.

Moore was not referring to Gill a couple of days earlier when he predicted that S a n-ford budget officials would admit "that they were in error in saying there would be 00 surplus.

GUI had never said in the first place that there would be no surplus. He had remained aloof on the matter and careful not to get in the crossfire between Moore. Preyer and director of administration Hugh Cannon.

And there was no advance knowledge that GUI even contemplated making the state-ment he did agreeing with Moores position.

GUI made up his mind to Issue lha statement aad released it to the press <i the same day.

REACTION It was welcomed rather joyously in the Moore headquarters, where despite many invitations and the fact that he lives in the same hotel, GUI has never visited.

The first reaction In the Moore camp was to Issue a statement cwnmendlng Gill for his forthrightness and pointing out the state treasurer's long record of public service and his reputation as a foremost authority on state fiscal matters. There was concern, however, that this sort trf statement might embarrass GUI. It was held up for further study.

The reaction in the Preyer

Vv

camp and that ol Dr. I. Beverly Lake was more surprise.

TRIGGER What triggered GUI's statement was Lakes use of figures suppUed by GUI as a poUtical affairs program in which aU three gubemator-.ial candidates participated.

Lake contended, on the basis 0 figures given him' by GiU, that the 1963 General Assembly appropriated $3 million in accumulated surplus t&e the current operating budget for 1963-65. To Lakes way of thinking this use of surplus to balance the current operating budget means the state is operating in the red. i.e.. not paying current operating expenses from current revenue.

told Gill in a telephone call that he was misquoted as saying current revenues were falling shQrt pi expenditures by some $53 miUiwi.

FILES For the matter of setting the record straight, GUI dug out copies of a letter he sent Lake on Jan. 10 and pointed out the correspondence made no reference to the possibility of either a surplus or deficit, nor did GUI pred I c t how revenues might come in or were-coming in during the current biennium.

GUI confirmed that part of the surplus of more than $111 mlUlon at the end of the 1961-63 biennium was used in balancing the current operat1n g budget. This was done, he said, in the manner in which It has been balanced for more than a quarter of a century and he added, according to what-he views as sound poUcy.

He added that $60.5 million In accumulated surplus was appropriated for capital investments, a non-recurring expense.

STATEMENT Then the final two paragraphs of GUIs statement were those which poured fresh fuel on the fire.

As I see it. we can throw the red ink away, for I am confident the final verdict on this biennium wUl be written in black ink and that a sub-^antlaL surplus wiU exist June 30. 1965.

While I do not desire to make a prediction as to the size of the surplus at the end of the current biennium, it should be pointed out that practically all ectmomic indices, together with the fed e r a 1 tax cut. indicate a strong increase in business actlvl t y, which w'Ul Inevitably result in higher levels of revenue over and above legislative expectations,

GUI said his statement wa.s Intended to clear up any misunderstanding and sweep aside any refljictloi^ which might tend "To I da^ states,

credit rating. But It bristled with such confidence as to bring poUtlcal reverberations, too.

iSkiSSSSSSSSSS

Great Exercise In The Realm Of Speculation

Argument over the status of the state's budget at the end of the current biennium on June 30, 1965 is a gigantic exercise in the realm of speculation.

The best that can be done in this speculative venture is to read current trends, past trends, anticipate future trends and on-this basis try to guess what, if any, surplus there will be in state coffers.

Obviously no one can say for sure whether the state will have a comfortable surplus more than a year from now or find itself scratching for pennies to make ends meet. Obviously, ,too, no gubernatorial candidate or any other official will be able to say now or in the future how the surplus, if afty, wiil be spent. This is a decision, under North Carolinas method of operation, that will be made by the legislature.

A candidate for the office of governor can promi.se he will seek to accomplish certain goals. He is expected by the voters to outline as clearly as possible during the campaign where he stands on specific issues and what he hopes to do about specific problems that face the state. But even a governor, once he is in office in North Carolina, cannot guarantee he will deliver what he has promised. He may encourage, cajole, work for, even coerce in an effort to accomplish the goals he has set forth in the campaign. But the final answer, in sofar as money matters are concerned, will be given by the legislature of the state in its biennial sessions. And there are few programs or policies of a state admini-stration that somewhere along the line do not hinge on the legislatures decision with respect to finances.

It behooves every citizen of the state to listen carefully to campaign statements of the gubernatorial candidates between how and election day about six weeks away. It behooves them too, to recognize that there may be a great difference be-twecn/What a candidate for governor may promise during a campaign and what he can personally deliver if he is elected to the highest office of the state.

HOiR:

Words

!?or AI,

" By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN

Copyright. 1964, King Features, - Syndicate, Inc. ,

Mr. Justice William J; Brennan Jr. 0 the U. S. Supreme Court has recently said that nobody has the right to crlti-cixe a decision of bis tribunal without first reading every last word oi the separate (H>in-ioDs that went into the making of the decision. Fair enough, you might say. Nevertheless, there is a fallacy Involved in applying standards that'are relevant to literary criticiffin to the questioning of Supreme Court declsicMis. What Justice Brennan Ignores Is the fact that the . S. Cwistitutiwi consists of plain words, against which any intelligent kdtizen can check the final results of the judges reasoning without consulting what has been called the arcane logic of some of the Individual justices' opinions.

By ART - BUCHWAL

dhe Demonstration Kit

When anything goes wrong in almost any country in the world, foreign students immediately demonstrate against a United States Embassy. Friend and foe alike find the best way to allow their students to let off steam is to break an American window or overturn an American car.

For a while the State Department was concerned about these demwistrations, but re-ceptiv they feel they can be ti^eol:ir some advantage and we'w^e fortunate to get an in-tervle^wlth the new Deputy Assistant Under Secretary for Anti - American Demonstrations.

When we entered his office we noticed photos of burning American automobiles on the walls, and behind his desk was a large map with a pin indicat

ing every anti-American demonstration in the past year. There were so many pins on the map you couldnt see the names of the countries.

On the secretarys desk was a squashed tomato in bronze. He showed it to us. This tomato was thrown at Richard Nixon in Venezuela. It was one of his six crises, he said proudly. I kept it for sentimental reasons.

You seem to have a large department, W'e said.

Its growing by leaps and bounds, he replied happily. The more demonstraiions, the more people I can hire. Does the Department of State encourage anti - American demonstrations?

Of course we do, he said. Why?

Status. The State Department feels that when students

Other Editors Sayirxg

Helo For Students

Controversia'.

iime

Mm

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED Published Every Afternoon Except Sunday EsUblished 1882 DAVID JUUAN WHICHAKD, Publisher altered at Port OfHoo. QraenvlUc. N. C- m secotid fV-mall matter.

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By JAMES MARI.OW

WASHINGTON (AP)-When the- definitive biography of Gen. Douglas MacArthur Is finally written It wdll be one of the fascinating stories of American history.

By his very naturethe drive for success and domination, the sensitivity to criticism, the intense opinions, the sense of drama he was bom to attract and repel. And he did.

He had admirers and critics all his days, some of them intense, too.

Ills command of the language was probably better than that of any other military figure of his time. But even here, in the use of it, he forced people to choose sides.

Among other things he diluted his rhetoric with sentimentality. Example: When he told Congress, after being dismissed from his Koi-ean command, that old soldiers fade away and he was about to. Some wept. Some felt distaste.

More than one person thought he dramatized himself. Even Lord Alanbr o o k e felt this. Alanbrooke, chief of the British general staff in' World War II and a MacArthur admirer, called him the greatest general of the war.

But he also said he saw^ the tinge of actor In him. MacArthur. after saying "he woidd fade away, did the opposite. He toured the country attacking the administration of President Harry S. Truman w h had fired him. An aide said this was a crusade to save representative government.

- But a Princet(Mi hlstor i a n, Eric F. Goldman, saw it otherwise, calleh it the noisl e s t fading away in history and described MacArthur thus: In city after city MacA r t h u r was the unabashed symbol of home and motherhood and what he delighted In calling the simple, eternal truths of the American way.

Goldman is now Presid e n t ^ Johnsons speclaliassistant as- signed to pick Ideas frpm Americas brainiest men.

Nevertheless. MacArthur got thunderous ovations every-where. But if he had presidential hopes he said he didnt he soon found the acclaim he got was for his heroic military services and went no further. . .

He was a controversial figure at a time when Americans were getting sick of contrOvr-sy: sick of the Korean war and sick of the divisions ^

wrought by McCarthyism with all that meant In distrust, anger, and hate.

. There w'as talk of MacArthur for president but not much at that particular time, which was 1951, a year before the 1952 pi-esidential race.

In 1946, MacArthur had said he would accept the Republican nomination if it was offered to him. He let his name be entered In the Wisconsin primary and was badly beaten. After that he said he had no political aspirations.

Truman said MacArthur told him In 1950 the politicians had made a chump of him in 1948. But at least at that particular time MacArthur didnt have the kind of personality that appeal^ to politicians.'

Instead, in 1952, the Republican politicians turned to a completely different type: the placid, friendly, extrover ted Dwight D. Eisenhower. Nevertheless, MacArthurs name was put in nomination.

Like MacArthur. Eisenhower was a war hero but. un 11 k e, MacArthur, he would mak/ an!, ideal smoother of the troubled waters of these times. M a c-Arthur has been quoted as calling him derisively the best clerk I ever had^

But, while MacArthur got (M1-ly^four ccMivention votes, Eisenhower got 845 and the nomination.

MacArthur had made the key-note speech at that Re-pui)lican convention. The delegates gave him huge applause. But former President Herbert Hoover also addressed the convention. The applause for him was twice as long,

FrMTi then on MacArt h u r faded out of public life.

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

Another phase in North Carolinas continuing war on poverty, which is also part of the drive to help educate and train our citizens to help obtain jobs, has been announced. The latest effort takes the form of a proposed special summer training program to aid preschool students with cultural problems.

We have seen how dropouts in public schools contribute to the unemployment burden of the state, and thus add to the overaU problem of poverty. The summer program is aimed at helping children entering the first grade next September who are culturally disadvantaged.

Perhaps this phrase means little to most people, but Everett Miller, assistant superintendent of public instruction, says these are youngsters whose home life has had little educational background and who, educators feel, will have difficulty learning to read and write.

One teacher here in the citys school system observed recently that she had experiences with youngsters who came from homes so culturally barren (that is, for example, w'here there was no seri o u s reading), the children actually did not know that reading began from left to right, and from top to bottom.

The State Board of Education proposes operating 120 different cla.ssroom programs In school administrative units across the state this summer.

and estimates the first years budget to be about $72,000.

The board hopes to make $30 available to each administrative unit for each child in the local program, provided that each class include at least 20 youngsters and that there be not more than five classes for each school unit.

The summer program should be operated in pubHc schools and under the jurisdiction of city or county boards of education. The program should run for not less than four hours a day for 30 days and not more than five days a week, according to board plans.

Students would be selected by local boards of educaticm and funds granted by the state board would be used to p a y the salaries of teachers and for instructional materials and midmoming snacks for the children. Priority would be given to applications of school units which show a coiimiunl-ty need for the program, employ competent and qualified personnel and devise methods of evaluating the classes.

Educators have learned that children must learn to speak English correctly before they can read it properly. To illustrate the point, Miller told this story recently:

A teacher in one of the lower grades had spent some time preparing her students to read a page in a basic school book. When the classfinished the page, one little girl popped up and said: Shucks. Miss Carter, reading aint nothing but talk wrote dowm.

attack an American Embassy It shows they care. We are also getting credit for many things we have had nothing to do with.

But Isnt it embarrassing? For heavens sakes, no. Its actually part of our policy. Look were supporting many unpopular governments throughout the world. We would much prefer the students to demonstrate against us than their own governments. We dont want their governments to faU.

What does your department do?

Well, one of the biggest things we've d(ie this year, at a great saving to the tax payer I might add. Is to ship abroad used automobiles .that were ready for the graveyard. Our people park these cars around the American Embassy and then, when toe students arrive, they destroy these cars instead of the good ones.

It makes the students feel good to bum an American car, and it solves the problem of what to do with Americas old used cars.

That sounds like a good idea.

My staff is sdso working on a bunker that can be installed under an Embassy flagpole. The bunker will be stockecl with American flags, so every-time the students tear down a flag, we can send another one up without fear of injury to any of our employees.

What Me those? we asked, pointing to-a box.

These are our anti - American demonstration kits. Each diplomat Is issued one. If he finds himself caught in a demonstration with a hostile crowd he can hold up one of these anti - American signs to prove he is one of them. We also have several slogans against the United States In the kit that the diplomat can shout in a hurry.

The kit contains band aids, splints and a first - aid book just in case the students arent convinced.

What do you about broken windows?

Each Ambassador is responsible for his own window's and if any are brc*en it comes out of his allowance for entertaining foreigners.

Do you have any rules during a demonstration that diplomats must adhere to?

We have only one rule that were very strict about. If an American diplomat is showered with rotten vegetables or eggs during a demonstration, he must osn no condition throw them back. OtherwLse he would, give the United States a bad name.

Thus the C(nmon man doesnt have to read the whole of Baker v. Carr, the Tennessee case that overturned the old rule that ie Federal government has no business interfering in state apporticHiment practices, in order to have a personal opinion about the constitutionality of recent reapportionment orders. The plain words of the Constitu-tlcm say that men shall have equal protection of the law's. But the Constitutl(m limits itself to guaranteeing that each state shall have a republican form of government. If words mean anything, then, a citizens right to equal protection Is satisfied just so long as his state conforms to the standards of a republic. Does this mean that ^every, state must guarantee the prin-ciple-of one man, one vote when it comes to balancing regional as against population representation in a state legislature? If it does, theh the . S. itself lacks a republican form of government. For the plain fact of the matter is that the composition of the U. S. Senate ignores the principle of one man, one v(rte. The sparse population of Nevada is represented by two Senators, which is the same number that Californias millions are entitled to.

The state of Georgia has recently had its reapportionment troubles because the U. S. Supreme Court has infer-entially argued that our Federal government is not republican in form. Other states are caught up in the general agony. In Connecticut, a Federal court has just decreed that both houses of the states General Assembly must be reapportioned, and has threatened that If the legislature wont "comply with the order, a federally appointed body will do the job itself.

Naturally, Conriectlcut citizens, who may or may not have read the w'hole of the U. S. Supreme Courts reasonings in Baker v. CJarr, consider that the reapportionment order is in direct violation of the Tenth AmendmenL which reserves to the people or to the states all powers that are not expressly delegated by the Constitution to the federal government. Connecticut citizens point out that the Constituion says nothing about insisting that representation in a State assembly shall be based on population statistics as against geographical area. Yet, in defiance of the Tenth Amendment of the Bill of Rights, the Supreme Courts has, In effect, called CiHinecticuts own ccm-stituti(xi unconstitutional. '

Since Connecticut led the way In colonial times In constitution making fbr a republican form of government, this is a strange turn of events. Re-presentati( in the Connecticut House of Representatives has always been on a geographical basis just like representation in the U. S, Senate. Th supreme irony is that t|e justices of the Supreme Coifrt owe their position to confirmation by the U. S. Senate, a body which, by the courts own reasoning, is not a republican** organ of government. The pot ha.s been calling the kettle black. !

Excise Tax Cut Could Sour It On

By ELMER ROESSNER If the income tax cut stimulates business, it is very likely that a campaign to cut excise taxee will materialize.

It would make sense.

Ooinions

In Briei

President Johnsons (^jgn-ter has changed the spelling of her name from Lucy to Luci. Be tough on her If Pop loses In November and she has to go back to the ranch. Fort Myers News-Press.

* The United States may be & nation of heroes and fair maidens. but it Is also a nation of buyers and sellers. Our entire economy, except what we spend for defense, largely depends on buying and selling.

If there w'ere not that great concern over trade, maybe the country wouldnt be worth so much spending for defense.

Yet at the crucial point in the chain fiwn production to consumpti(wi. the government steps in and impose| excise taxes. At the same time, cities and states impose sales taxes. That is the very point at which, if we want to prosper from trade, there should be no barriers at all.

has a 4 cent sales tax, is a community surrounded by no-tax shopping centers and discount houses. New York City merchants lose mill ions in sales every week. The smart ones have establish e d branches outside the city and tax limits.

This is the year when the voters pick their candidates. Next year is when the tables are turned.Russell (Kans.) News.

NATURE OF THE PROBLEM State and city sales tax e s are of little concern. If they are too heavy, people $ t o p buying or buy * In no - tax 1 areas. TieW York Citar, which

But excise taxes cant be avoided, unless one moves to Mexico, Italy, or other havens, which many have done.

Proposals for excise cuts are already before Congress. The House Ways and Means Committee. under Representative Wilbur Mills (D., Ark.) will hold hearings on proposals later , this year.

Douglas" Dillon. ^Secretary of the Treasury, had admitt e d that the nation would be better off without, some of the Fed-"eral excises, but he said the Administration wont be ready to Repeal some of the excises until a year or longer. He said, I dont know if 1965 will be the right time. It might be 1966 or 1967.

MAY BE NEXT YEAR The changes are better for 1966 tha either 1965 or 1967,

because 1966 Is a Congressional election year and there are votes to be gained by opposing the excises.

However, if the income tax cut fails* to stimulate business sufficiently, especially if it fails to create an appreciable number of new jobs. Congress may speed up consideration of excise cuts. If pill "A doesnt cure unemployment, many will want to try pill B,

And since excises ret a r d spending at the point of sale,-cutting or eliminating them might do more for industry and employment than the income tax cut.

There are 10 per cent excise taxes on jewelry, furs, mechanical pens, camjeras, films, lighters, electric light bulbs, perfumes, cosmet 1 c s, luggage, handbags, pis t o 1 s. sporting goods, phone calls, tobacco and wagers; 5 i^r cent on household appliances; and taxes at other rates on billiard tables, bowling alleys, gasoline, club dues, and slot machines.

There ar also heavy tax^ on liquor, wines, beer and cigarettes Ixit don't get excited

bub. Those policing taxes wont be cut and may be raised.

SHORT & SIGNIFICANT BUSINESS NEWS ITEMS Foreign steel imports in January jumped 20 per cent over

imports in December.....

Fifteen - word Western Union greetings from the Worlds Fair will be at a flat $1 rate for all U.S. c(Kitinental points except Alaska, but few Alaskans can afford the fair this year. . .Sell oldsters? There are 12,000 Americans over 100, the Census Bureau reports. . . Incredible though it seems, the U. S. exported 708,200 tons of rice to Asia last y?ar.

U.S. TO SPEND MORE AND LESS THLS YEAR

Q: Ls It true that the John- -son Administration is spending less of Federal funds this year? M.J., Arlington. Va.

A: Federal spending this year will probably ex c e e d v spending In 1963. H()wever. the ratio of Federal spending to the total of all spending will probably be less than in 1963. Keep your eye ( that word ratio. EJl.