Tuesday, February 25, 1964

If You Can't Say Something Nice

Sound Grounds For Opposition

The 80-iaIleti public accommodations and fair employment sections of the civil rights bill now before the Senate face serious and determined opposition, and with good reason.

Some people take the position that anyone who opposes the civil rights measure is an arch segregationist that does not want to see members of the Negro race advance on the basis of their individual ability and talent. But in the case of these two sections of the civil rights measure, there is much more to be considered than the status of Negroes.

The employment section of the bill, for example, would place almost every employer in the nation in the position of having to justify for the government his reason for hiring, or firing, promoting, demoting, anyone in his employment. In addition the employer would have to be able to prove that any applicant he failed to hire for a job was not passed over because of race, color, creed, religion or sex. The measure provides for $10 million initially to set up a new government agency to enforce the legislation, scrutinize employment records, bring action against employers against whom complaints are registered by individuals who feel they have been discriminated against for any of the reasons provided in the bill.

For employers covered by the measure if it

Supporters See Moore Gaining

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES

RALEIGH PoUtical notebook:

Supporters of Dan K. Moore marked down last week as the best week yet in Moores burfireoning campaign for the governorship.

They wore big smiles when the week was over, claiming the Moore campaign was gain Ing momentum. Moore himself appeared relaxed, confident and in high spirits. But he didn't take a break from a busy schedule ended the W'eek in Murphy and traveled immediately across the state for a Sunday speech in Roanoke Rapids.

A top Moore aide, former House Speaker Joseph M. Hunt Jr.. said the campaign timetable was going "very well. Said Hunt, "it is looking better all the time.

WEEK The week of campaigning by the former superior court judge from Canton began in the Piedmont. Aide.s said he was warmly received In Charlotte and had a good response elsewhere in populous mid - state areas.

A rally of Moore supporters In Statesville exceeded expectations and attracted a crowd estimated at more than 2.000.

From Statesville. Moore carried his campaign into ' his home territory in western North Carolina, speaking in Asheville and braving snow and ice to tour other counties In the mountaln.s.

PILING Moore supporter announced plans during the week for another rally In Raleigh on March 6 to be highlighted by Moores formal filing for the May 30 Democratic primary.

The $250 fUing fee wlU be made up by $5 contributions from fifty Moore supporters who will come to Raleigh by highway caravan from Asheville and western North Carolina.

Moore will be the last of the three major candidates in the Democratic primary for governor to pay his filing fee.

CLOSER If Moore stock aw>eared to be rising last week, so did that of Dr. I. Beverly Lake of Raleigh. The Lake organization had favorable reports from a number of key areas.

It appeared to Indicate a tightening of the primary campaign. R has been generally conceded that Moore and Lake were running behind L. Richardson Preyer of Greensboro In the early stages of cam

paigning.

Pryer meanwhile passed the two - thirds mark in his county - by county tour of the states 100 counties and was campaigning in easteni North Carolina, taking time out for a major speech in Greensboro.

Moore strategists said Indications of Increasing support for Moore meant that Moore's statewide organization was beginning to functlMi as planned. They claim that both Preyer and Lake had a head start on Moore in the matter of ready made" campaign organization.

ALBRIGHT At least one political candidate involved in the primary campaign apparently doesnt believe in wasting words.

Copies of two speeches by Fourth dstrict congressional candidate R. Mayne Albright of Raleigh, made available to the press, bear this out.

One of the speeches, condensed for the press, was just three paragraphs. The other contained just seven paragraphs of excerpts.

Strength The Mates 13 most populous w'Ul hold 36 per cent of the voting strength in the State Senate under the 1963 Senate redistrictlng act.

These 13 counties will elect 18 of the 50 senators. This amounts to more than 70 per cent of a majority in the upper chamber.

Under the redistrictlng, counties having one full time .state .senator are Onslow. Wayne. Robeson, Durham. Cumberland, Alamance, Rowan, Gaston and Buncombe. Guilford and Forsyth will give two each on a fulltime basis and Wake County will elect two for 1965 and two out of three terms thereafter. Mecklenburg County has three fulltime senators.

FOOD About half of the counties in North Carolina are not participating in a voluntary federal surplus food program cited by Gov. Terry Sanford as one of the answers to the problem of hunger.

The .state began participating in this program for free dl.stri-bution of surplus food in 1961 but left the decision on local participation up to county gov-emments. The state pays for distributing the food to counties. but counties must determine need, eligibility and distribute the food to the needy.

Sanford .says average co.st to the counties for di.stribut-ing food is le.ss than half a cent per pound. There is little reason for any child to go hungry in North Carolina. he said.

becomes law, it would automatically mean the establishment of new and'elaborate records systems to be in a position to prove he did not discriminate against any individual who may file a complaint against him. It would involve the government more deeply in the operation of private business even than it is today with all the other laws and regulations to which businesses are subject.

If, for example, an employer wanted a secretary, he could no longer stipulate that the secretary be female. Were he to hire a woman for the job, a male applicant could bring action charging he was denied employment because of his sex. Conversely, if a garage wanted a mechanic, any woman applicant who didnt get the job may charge discrimination in employment practices of the firm because of sex.

If a foreman, who happened to be a Methodist, promoted a man in his department who also happened to be a Methodist, others in the department who were Bapti.sts, Presbyterians, Epi.scopalians, Catholics or what-have-you, many bring charges that they were discriminated against because of religion. And it would be up to the employer to prove that discrimination did not exist.

These may *be extreme examples, but if the measure is passed there no telling to v^hal extremes it will go through admini.strative interpretation and implementation. Although it is purportedly designed to protect the right.s of individuals in the field of employment, it clearly may seriously jeopardize the rights of many individuals as well.

It is, in our opinion, unsound legislation in which the potential hazards, pitfalls and built-in inequities and encroachment on individual rights far outweigh any merits it might have.

Agriculture Calls Foi Further Development

Pitt, along with other counties of Ea.stern North Carolina, should intensify its'efforts to utilize to the fullest extent the potential for further development of its agricultural economy.

The agricultural structure of Ea.stern North Carolina for years has been based on tobacco. Other crops and products, although they may provide a major source of income on some individual farms, have largely been looked upon as supplementing the cash which annually comes fro mtobacco.

During the past decade Ea.stern North Carolina farmers *have devoted considerable attention to diversification. The production of swine, beef, vegetable crops and other commodities have become a routine part of operations on some farms. Even so, the area still fails to meet its owm needs so far as som farm commodities are concerned.

Meat packing plants in Eastern North Carolina, for example, sll find it necessary to import swine and cattle grown in other areas in order to keep their operations at the capacity they desire. Supermarkets in this area have their shelves stacked with produce frm other parts of the nation that could be produced and marketed ju.st as well by farmers of this area. Many farm commodities from southern areas move through Ea.stern North Carolina almost every day on their- way to metropolitan markets. In many cases they are items w'hich could be produced just as well on the farmland of Eastern North Carolina, hundreds of miles closer to the metropolitan markets than those areas that are now growing and selling them.

Eastern North Carolina in general has recognized its need for economic expansion through in-du.strial development. Mo.st communities are making a diligent effort to attract and develop industries. The attitude toward developing the agricultural potential of the area, it seems to us. has been much more passive. The area can ill afford to devote le.ss attention to its industrial development. But it is also essential that the area devote greater attention to achieving the more vigorous agricultural economy of which it is capable.

Viet Nam StiL A Dreamy Policy

, aG . .it'|iMtNuhtS>UcU|,J

By HAL BYLF

riie Price is i oo man

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NEW YORK (AP) Curbstone comments of a Pavement Plato:

Why aren't there more financially successful people in America?

If it is true, as much of the rest of the world suspects, that we are a dollar - mad nation, why arent more of us rich? While as a country we are astonishingly wealthy, the individual man of vast wealth is still something of a rarity to most of us.

The favorite native American legend is the Horatio Alger succe,ss story, the tale of the poor boy who claws and paws his way to the big money by hard work and other virtues.

Because of t'ls rags-to-riches legend, foreigners often conclude that this is the main goal and dream of most Americans to become Horatio Alger-type heroes themselves.

The chief goal of most Americans is better expressed in the popular wisecrack, I dont want to be a millionaire I

just want to live like one.*

Many of us enjoy creature comforts unavailable to millionaires only a generation or so ago, and all of us have pleasures unknown even to kings of the 18th century.

The average U. S, old age pensioner today owns a better-fitting pair of false teeth than King George III could buy with all the gold in the British trea-.sury. He can also sit at home and watch a baseball game on television, a privilege never achieved by Genghs Khan, Peter the Great of Russia, or Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany.

There is no mystery about becoming a millionaire. It is a wide open secret.

Dozens of millionaires have written memoirs in which they clearly chart the path to great personal wealth.

The trouble with all these recipes is that they point inevitably to the old truism you dont get something for nothing.

To make a million dollars the hard way, you have to sacri-

Other Editors Saying Won't Disappear

By JAME.S MARIX)W WASHINGTON (APi Its becoming more of a puzzle than a war.

Nobody in this government, past or present, has given the American people a cold, factual report on whats happening 01* wh:.ts In store in South Viet Nam. Various official statements create confusion.

South Viet Nam. after eight years of help from the United States In its war with the Red guerrillas of North Viet Nam, apparently is losing ground.

This country has over 15,000 troops there, supposedly as advisers although some have been killed in the front lines, and has pumped in over $5 billion in aid.

Here are some points that puzzle Americans and probably Vietnamese, too:

Why havent the latter done more to win? Can they ever do better? Is this countrj' just going to go on rocking along with them? WiU it finally give up and pull out? Or will it try to step up the war?

South Viet Nam has had three governments since October but the situation Is worse now than before:

President Ngo Dinh Diem, who was in charge eight years but not successfully, was killed when a military junta took over In a coup. The junta was thrown out in a new coup by Maj Gen. Nguyen Khanh.

Last Jan. 27 Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara told Congress the situatiwi was grave. The next day he said 1 am encouraged by the progress of the past two weeks. Last week Congress released more of what he said: That even if the war does not go well we should still withdraw most American troops by 1965. He said the Vietnamese had the primary responsibility for winning the w-ar.

Over the weekend one report from Washington said there was divlslou between the De

fense Department and State Department on what to do. It said some State Department officials felt McNamaras statement on pulling out was bad public relations because it might encourage the Communists.

Also last week Sen. Mike Mansfield (rf Mwitana, the Democrats, Senate leader, applauded McNamaras pull - out idea and urged consideration of French President Charles de Gaulles proposal to neutralize Viet Nam.

Neuti^lization has Hazards, too. It could be Interpreted simply as an American face - saving device for pulling out of a tough situation. Neutralization, once the Americans were gone, might open the door for a Communist take - over of all Viet Nam.

Then last Friday President Johnson said this country will continue to honor its commitment to South Viet Nam to help it fight communism.

Previously he had seemed to dismiss De GauUes neutralization idea'but At another time he said he would lo(A with sympathy on neutralization of all Veit Nam. North and South.

But Johnson added something else which was truly a puzzle.

Pointing to those "outside enemies" who direct terror and violence against South Viet Nam. he said they could do well to remember that this type of agression is a deeply dangerous game.

But this is exactly the kind of aggression the North Vietnamese Reds have been using for years, except that recently they began assassinating Americans. too.

Was Johnstm hinting at stepping up the war against North Viet Nam in some way. say through South Vietnamese Ge-erilla attacks on it? Or what? If the United States took part in a direct attack it might mean war with Red China.

(The Raleigh Times) Should an avowed atheist be pennitted to speak to the students of such a staunch church college as Davidson?

Davidson President Gaier Martin answers that question with an unqualified yes. And, his reasons for that answer are as sound as a ringing bell:

We believe that the central is.sue in this matter is whether or not Davidson should be an indoctrination center or an educational institution.

The vast majority of Davidson students have been, or will be, exposed to the atheistic appeal at some time or times in their lives. It is far better for them to learn the arguments used by atheists while they are in an environment where they can hear and discuss solid answers to the statements made, as w'ell as receiving a continuing presentation of the Christian position Those primarily responsible for these presentations are the six members of our Bible and religion department, the chaplain, and the minister of Davidson* CX)llege Presbyterian Church, all ordained members In the Presbyterian Curch, U. S.

In addition, the Divldscm students are exposed while at Davidson to 75 faculty members. all of whom are committed Christians.

Davidson students are far above average in mentality and intellectual curiosity. It is the time in their lives when they need and want the right to ask questions and to hear both sides of any major issues and concerns affecting their lives. The denial of this privilege not only does not make the question disappear, but adds to the tendency of the Individual to believe it cannot be satisfactorily answered.

There is cour age and reason and commonsense in what Dr. Martin says. As he points, denial of the privilege os asking questions and hearing both sides of an issue wont make the question disappear. And. as he further points out, such denials adds to the tendency of the individual to believe that the question cannot be answered satisfactorily.

Dr. Martins stand contrasts sharply with the panicky action taken by some members of the 1963 legislature regarding our states campuses. What th-ose legLsL^tors did .surely didn't make any question disappear, and it surely lends weight to a feeling among students that the question cannot be answered satisfactorily.

May the 1965 legislators have more faith in their young people and may they read well what Davidsons president has said so well.

fice something else leisure, friendship, loafing, or sporting with Amaryllis in the shade.

Some millionaires later in life believe the great concentration of effort that made them rich was worthwhile. Others think what they lost was hardly worth the gain. But few really yearn to be poor again.

The reason why there arent more mlllicmaire Americans Is that most Americans think the price tag required is too high. Money isnt really that important to them. Theyd rather spend the time being with their families, drinking, bowling, chasing girls, or going hunting or fishing.

Strength For Today

By EARL L, DOUGLASS

AN EFFECTIVE ANSWER

A papal emmisary went to the artist Giotto many centuries ago and asked for a sample of his work that the church authorities might know whether or not he was competent to make certain artistic decorations for the church. Giotto made his reply by drawing a perfect circle freehand. So far as is known no one had ever done that before, or has ever done it since.

If we are good in the fimda-mentals we can be relied upon to be good in what might be called the finalities. If the root is good the fruit is good. If we are faithful and .skillful in that which is least, we are faithful and skillfl In that which is much for much is just the collecticm of an Infinite number of lesser things.

A minute is a mighty Important section time. It has within it the significance of eternity. The humblest task faithfully performed indicates that one has at least laid the foundation for doing greater things. As Jesus stood at the very pinnacle of his spiritual achievements upon earth, he took a towel and girded himself and washed his disciples feet. Therein they revealed the fact that they had much to learn before they could follow in his Pathway.

Giotto did not send back a large and intricately contrived picture to the papal authorities as evidence of his competence He drew a circle freehand, and the fact that it was done with unprecedented skill In.sured his place on the roster of greatness.

Always Had An

Answer

By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN Copyright, 1964. King Features Syndicate, Inc.

Robert Thoniton, who was Mayor of Dallas, Texas, throughout most of the Nineteen Fifties, died the other day, and the obituaries were sUent about what kUled him. Since he was 83 years old. it may have been his time to go. But if what I heard about Bob Thornton during my one visit to Dallas Is true, chagrin over what has been said about his beloved city of Big D" in the wake of the Kennedy tragedy could have played some part In causing him to relinquish his tenacious hold on life.

Bob Thornton was always my o^m candidate for the countrys most upstanding man. I didnt know him, but I have always loved to quote a statement which he reportedly made when he was a power in the Dallas Chtizens Cotuicll, that Informal behind-the-s cenes group which has more or less run Dallas since the mid-Nine-teen Thirties. If youre theah, said Thornton, "a n d you caint say yes or y o u caint say no, why you aint theah at all,

Thornton, a banker before he became a politician, could always give a yes-or-no answer. He sjonbolized Dallas Big D and his character should be enough to scotch all the ugly talk that the Dallas atmosphere was somehow responsible for the murder of President Kennedy.

Looking back on the history of Jhe Dallas that was created BjT'men like Bob Thornton, it becomes a matter of searing irony that a crackpot should have chosen the place to gun down a young and vibrant President. For Dallas, some thirty years ago, decided to purify Itself. The Citizens Council, consisting of a group of civic - minded representatives of banks, oil companies, public utilities, and retail store oiMiers, was organized to drive the so-called Catfish Club, a malodorous gang, out of the city council. The business men of thfe Citizens Council were not exactly democratic, for they didnt invite minist e r s, labor leaders, Mexican-Amerl-cans or Negroes to take part In their deliberations. There was no particular prejudice in this exclusion, however. It was merely that Bob Thornton and his friends wanted people who could say yes-or-no effectively. people who could put their money as well as their hearts behind their declsl o n s without waiting forever for a go-ahead.

The result was good for Dallas. When I was there I was forcibly struck with the citys resemblance to Hartford, Connecticut, which Is one of the cleanest places I know. And the drive of the city was tremendous, Thornton himself, as the grand man of the Mercantile Bank, had helped bring many things to Bid D.

He had made the local State Pair of Texas a fabulous affair: he had persuaded the State legislature to let the Texas Centennial be held in Dallas even though San Antonio had a clearer right to it: and he had helped create Southern Methodist University.

In 1961 Bob Thornton let go his hold on City Hall, partly because of age and partly because of a revolt of the young-^ er good citizens in the Council. But Thornton and h 1 s friends had ' set the mold of the city. When I was there, on a journalistic assignment. I was literally run ragged by well - wishers who Insisted that I see everything and do everything in no time flat. Someone wanted me to see a dam out on the Brazos River. I had a luncheon appointment, and a date to see somebody for a drink at five oclock in the afternoon, which clearly made the trip Impossible. The dam on th* Brazos mnut have teen as far from Dallas as central Vermont Is from my home In 'outhem Connecticut and I wouldn't dream of going to mid-Vermont and back with'*nt a whole day to do it In. But I couldnt say no In Dallas. We made the round trip to thfe dam at what must have been (Continued On Page 5)

Who Gains By Tax Exempt

By ELMER ROESSNER

A few days ago the State of California sold $1(X) million worth of water bonds/ at a net interest cost of 3.51979 per cent. On the same day other states, counties and cities sold a total of $128.6 billion in bonds at net interest costs of^ 2.8 to 3.8 per cent, making a total of $228.6 bUUon in a single day.

Thats not a record;it was a normal day.

These bonds have no growth potential as many common stock.s have.

They are safe, but not a.s safe as E-bonds, which yield about 4.08 per cent. Nor do they yield as much as tasur-ed .'^vings and loan, a.ssociation deposits, which pay close to 5 per cent in many areas, including California.

WHY?

The reason is not hard to find; interest paid on bond.s of states and subdivisions is free of Federal Income taxes.

This exemption was granted by Congress,'years ago because

it wa.s believed that if such bond interest was taxed, states would have to pay high interest rates. A Federal tax on interest states paid would be siphoning off state money, so the theory went. It was also assumed that states would make fewer improvements if their bond interest were taxed.

In con.seqiience. states and subdivisions can borrow money at around 3.5 per cent, while corporatlwis pay from 4.33 per cent to 4.5 per cent or higher. That this situation allows the government to siphon off corporation money, and causes corporatlon.s to be cautious about making improvements. was not considered.

RICH GET RICHER

Beneficiaries of tax exempt bonds, perhaps even more than states, cities and counties, are the wealthy.

The bonds uo nothing for the working stiff. If he saves a buck, hell do better to put it In a savlngvS bank or a sav-toiKs and loan association.

But for a person in a $30.-000 income tax bracket, 3.75 per cent interest Is equal to a 6.36 per cent taxable returns. On other investment it Is difficult to get returns that big without considerable risk. And for persons In Higher Income tax brackets, a 3,75 per cent tax-free return is worth even more.

In fact, a little figuring will show that Billy Rose, who is the largest single stockholder in American Telephone Telegraph, could make more money by selling his stock and buying tax-exempt bonds. However, his capital gains on the recent rise in value of AT&T .stock.s is taxable at a maximum of 25 per cent and the tax is not due until he sells.

AIDS SMAM.ER INVESTOR

While tax-exempt bond Internal won t help many wage earners. it will benefit many In middle brackets. The New York Journal of Commerce calculated that an investor In a $I,0 Ux bracket will find

that a bond yield of 3.75 per cent Is equivalent to a taxable yield of 4.90 per cent. An investor in the $20,000 bracket will find such a bond yield equal to a taxable return of 5.68 per cent.

One trouble has been that tax-exempt bonds have usually been sold in units of $5.000. which made investing a bit un-wleldly for those In moderate circumstances.

However, there are now several tax - exempt bond mutual funds, which gives smaller Investors a chance to dip their savings in this tax - exempt gravy.

250,000 SI1A.MR0CKS IN ANmAL TESTING The Department of Agriculture has prepared for its annual task of ln.spectlng 250,000 shamrock plants Imported Into the Unit<d States for St. Patricks Day soli clinging to roots must be fumigated to kill the golden nenixtode and other foreign pests.