r

thvrday, January 1964

Disappointed, But Eyes On Future

IF Y'Don't Like It, Sue!

There is no question about the shattering defeat of the proposed little Federal amendment to the state constitution in Tuesdays referendum.

The margin by which the amendment was defeated was djBCisivemore'than 100,000 votesand it evidenced again not only the population of the larger counties, but their great voting strength as well. Compared with the rural counties of the state, the urban counties voted a considerable higher percentage of their people in Tuesdays referndum.

The decision made by the voters means that North Carolina's plan of redistrictingadopted by the 1963 legislature will continue in effect at least until 1971 when it will be time for another look at the matter. It means that the House will continue to have 120 member20 of which will be allocated to the larger counties on a population basisand the Senate will continue to be made up of 60 mem- hers allocated to districts of the state on a population basis.

Obviously it means that the more populous

The * Maximum Security Prison

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES

ODUM This." Mid Prisons director George Ruidall, *ls an entirely different sort of prison."

"Youll be searched, he said. If theres anything you dont want them to see leave It In the car."

And, Randall warned, "whatever youdo, don't touch one of these dogs."

I handed over a small pocket- knife at the guard station at the gate of tlw compound before Wfflking up to the main building of glim Odum prLson. We had come from medium Caledonia Prison Farm. Just across the Roanoke River from Odum, but it required driving 30 miles by way of the U. S. 2S8 bridge near Rich Square to reach the Northampton County side.

The guard dogs and other difference were In evidence as we arrived. A sign at the gate bears a picture of a dog and a warning

TIGHT Odum Is a maximum security prison of the state prisons system the tighest and toughest outside of Central Prison since the closing of little Alcatraz at Ivey Bluff in Caswell County laat year.

Only one escape has been recorded since maximum .security was established at Odum and although the fugitive was caught a few days later, mie wonders how It was possible to escape In the first place.

The bulidings are located in a compound surrounded by a high double fences topped with barbed wire. Inside the enclosure between the fencea are big, black-maned growling guard dogs.

DOGS One of the dogs nearest the visitors leaps at the fence, his . bared fangs at the wire. Other prance back and forth, nervously, alert, their hair bristling.

Inside the compound and In the locked and barred corridors of all the buildings and cellblocks. guards hold security dogs on short, thick leather leashes.

The camps officer in charge. Maj. Hugh Logan, explains that the dogs are more effectvie In guard duty than firearms. '

They might take a gun away from a guard, but the dog Is something else, he says. Therefore the guards Inside use dogs, not guns.

Entering the conldor guarded by a dog takes courage But the leash dogs are well trained. At a signal, the guard stands close to the wall, his knees bent slightly forward. The dog stands behind the guard, clamped to the wall by the guards knees and held by - the leash.

The dogs outside In the fence ' enclosure. Logan explains..are too vlclwis to be used on leashes.

SEARCH Before going be-

yid Logans office, all visitors to Odum are earched. It 1 a thorough search and applies to everybody, the state prisons directw Included.

The prisoner themselves. coming into the cellb locks from outside, are stripped and searched after leaving their clothes in a receiving room and taking a shower.

In addltfoh, there are frequent "shakedowns to prevent the smuggling and hiding of any contraband.

Guard with firearms are on duty in guard statlmis outside the main compound. In addl-tiwi, while prisoners are working on the farms of the 2,000 acre prison they are watched by guards on horseback equipped vt^ith walkie-talkies. The area is also patrolled by guard trucks with bloodhounds and security dogs and the trucks are in constant contact with the mounted guards.

CONVICTS - The one e.s-cape from Odum occured when a prisoner working in the fields concealed hlmselif ben e a t h some cotton In the bed of a truck, then wormed his w a y through a ditch and past the perimeter of guards to t h e river and swam across.

Odums 200 prisoners for the most part repeated troublemakers, escapers and proven dangercms men. Most are long termer. Some are known In prison as "Informers" and require special protection. In addition to tight security, there is strict discipline at Odum.

Upstairs In the main building is a row of isolation cells and in a separate, squat brick building behind multiple barred gates are the segregatlcai cells for solitary 'confinement. Logan emptied these cells on Christmas Eve and two week.s later only one man was In segregation as punishment for fighting. Those in segregation are served a "mon(rtonous diet, specially prepared of liver mush, meal and other approved nutritional value ingredients but unappealing in taste. It is designed to discourage trouble. ,

PROGRAMS There are recreation programs. Including athletics, crafts and a canteen at Odum. Some of the inmates fashioned prize-winning state prisons department displays for the State Pair. Some paint by numbers and one or t w o make arrangements using empty cigarette packages. But these programs are limited at Odum.

Certain farming actlvit 1 e s are the only prison enterprise available, and officials are hopeful of finding something else for Odum men to do.

"We hope most of all, says Randall, "that they will work themselves up to another prison. Odum is the bottom of the ladder.

"We Just aish it wasnt necessary.

iwmmm miTSm^Sm, T...........

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED

Published Every Afternoon Elxcept Sunday Cetablished 1882 DAVID JULIAN WHICHARD, Publisher

entered at Post Office. QraenviUe. N. C.. as second class

mail matter.

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BY MAIL, Payable In Advance

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counties of the state will have a greater voice In determination of legislative affairs of the state because of their increasing strength in both the House and the ^nate. It means that the less populous counties of the state will find their relative position weaker on a collective basis than it has been in the past. ,

This changing situation should hot mean, however), thfet - North Carolinas legislative affairs will deal only with the problems unique to the large, highly urban counties of North Carolina. North Carolina, because of its diverse and complex makeup, is a state in which there are many problems unique to its various areas. Whether these areas are thickly populated or sparsely populated, their prob-lem.s and needs should and must be the concern of the state legislature in future years. The state and its people can ill afford to have its legislatures in future years split along geographic lines, with the various areas of the state battling each other.

If North Carolina is to continue its march forward, if it is to realize the potential of economic advancement for its under-developed areas, there must continue to be genuine concern in the legisla-tur and other branches of government for the little counties as well as the large counties.

Naturally, The Reflector, is disappointed with the outcome of the referendum. We supported the . proposed amendment because we felt it offered the be.st possible route for the best possible balance of repre.sentation i^n t^e state legislature. But that is now history. And North Carolina must fix eyes on the future.

We Can Keep Up Our Share In Blood-Giving

The 408 pints of blood donated by local residents during the visit here of the bloodmobile Monday and Tuesday shows that Pitt County can keep up with its quota of contributions to the regional blood program when people stir themselves to do so.

During the years Pitt County has been a participant in the^ program, there have been several occasions w hen the county fell far behind in supplying its share of blood to the regional effort. There have been times when the county w'as actually in danger of being dropped from the program simply because of the lack of response to repeated appeals for donors.

It is to be hoped that those times are now behind Pitt and its participation in the regional blQod program w'hich has meant so much to this county and its people.

For the current fi.scal year, Pitt County has a quota of 1,500 pints of blood in the regional program. So far its citizens have donated 1,061 pints, leaving slightly less than 500 to be donated between now and June 30. It is a goal within reach of Pitt County if its citizens will continue to respond to visits of the bloodmobile as they did la.st Monday and Tuesday.

It is in the interest of every resident of the county that Pitt maintain its membership in good standing in the regional blood bank program.

Castro A Pain

MNIS

By ART BUCHWALD

On The Brink Of Peace?

Is President Johnson bringing us to the brink pf peace? Some people seem to think so and theyre not very happy about it.

Our good friend Jack Birch, who believes in war at any prl^, was very disturbed about President Johnsons references to nuclear disarmament in hlB State of the Union message to Congress. The President called for a reduction In nuclear stockpiling, a cutback in the production of enriched uranium, the shutting down of four plutonium piles, and the closing of many non-essential military bases.

As soon as Jack read the speech he called us on the phone.

What does he think hes doing? he said.

"I g u e .s 8 hes concerned about stockpiling too many nuclear weapons. I frankly think he's right.

Oh, you do, said Jack Indignantly, "And what about overkill capacity?

"Our overkill capacity could be reduced to a new low. If we have the ability to kill ev

eryone in the world 50 times under present conditions, and qur stockpiles are lowered, we may only have the ability to kill them 30 times.

"But thats still pretty good, we said.

Sure, you can say that. But how do we know what the overkill capacity of Russia is? Suppose their overkill capacity Is 40 times. Where does that leave us?

I guess It means they could kill people 10 more times than we could."

Exactly. Now remember, while we're reducing our overkill capacity, the world population is Increasing at a frightful rate. And with every population explosion our overk i 11 capacity is being reduced. "But I dont think it will ever go below 30," we said, trying to placate him Ls that so? Well, I predict If things keep going the way they have been, we may be down to 15.

That certainly isnt much of a margin, we said. If you can only kill people 15 times,

To Russia, Too Editors Sdying

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) Fi-del Castro has been bass of Cuba five years this mouth. How is he doing? He is still there and still a pain In the neck to the United States, and a big embarrassment.

This noisy and flamboyant man 1 probably a pain to the Russians, too, but an expensive pain. The help theyre giving him costs a pi-etty penny but they hardly dare stop, no matter how much they wish they could.

Theyve taken Castro under their wing, he Is their first foothold in the Western Hemisphere, and for them to let him flop would be an Interaa-tional embarrassment.

Its easy to belittle him. Its done often in this country: the low living standard in Cuba, the poor Cuban sugar crop, the regimentation of the people. Cubans still flee Cuba and the exiles hate him.

But there is no evidence all the Cubans do. Whether he could retain power in a truly free election is something else, but his dictatorship prevails and sliows no signs of toppling.

Without Soviet help he might not have survived. But this countrys desire to ruin him by isolating him economically-shutting him off from trade with American allies or friends is far from completely successful.

A British firm Just closed a deal to sell him 400 buses for $10 million. Generalissimo Francisco Francos Spain, where communism was destroyed In the 1930s' opened an airline service to Cuba and reportedly has been considering trading with him.

This situation has its owm irony: the United State's wants no one to give Castro economic help but is willing to sell wheat to the Soviet Union.

The answer Is simple on that one. Castro Is a close-up menace and the Coviet Union Isnt; getting along with the Soviet Union is important, but getting along with Castro isn't.

Castro flew off to Moscow' to see Premier Khrushchev right after the Amerlcan-Panaman-lan riots began last week. Whether he went to talk about that or about more Soviet help for Cuba isnt known yet.

' Through It all Castro has been a five-year disaster for the United StaU^s in more ways than one:

1. So long as he stays, communism has a foot in America's backyard.

2. The United State* haa failed to abolish him. despits all Its huffing and puffing This has left the United States redfaced.

3. The Amerioan-hacAad in

vasin of Cuba, the only real try at getting rid of him, wa a total bust.

4. Castro provided the setting for the greatest shock of the late President John F. Kennedys administration, when Khrushchev almost got away with slipping his missiles into Cuba.

When Kennedy forced the Russian to withdraw the weapons it required an unforgettable showdown that w'as tough on everybodys nervous system.

The fact that Castro could kick the American shins, and get away with it, may have been an inspiration to the Panamanians to assert themselves.

In an earlier time say the days of Theodore Roosevelt, which was a time of big-power imperialism the United State might have settled Castros hash fast with a quick and direct invasion,

But now the United States and the Soviet Union, also, insisting they have no imper-lalsitic intentions, have to worry about world opinionT'which they are trying to influence, when they deal with little nations.

Thus both of them, big as they are. have to operate with one hand tied behind tehir backa when they encounter troublemakers. although the Soviets used both hands to crush Hungarian when they tried to assert themselves.

This gives Castro a lot of room to maneuver and shake his fist, which he has been doing pretty w'ell. without fear of being belted Theres nothing in sight to Indicate it wont be that way for some time.

^Dont Tafcf Chancesi with Chronic Congh or

Shurtne.s.s of Breath

A Can-Do Approach

(The Raleigh Times)

Just about everybody even remotely connected with the tobacco industry, and those politicians who have hosts of tobacco people in their consti-tuences, have said that the latest anti - cigarette report isnt conclu.sive," that more stud i e s are in order, etc.

All of that Is true, no doubt. Any report covering such a large field cant be completely conclusive. More studies are always in order on any subject of such importance.

But wonder if it isnt about time for someone connected with the tobacco business to begin to think along these lines: Tell us exactly what is wrong with tobacco, or what you think is WTong with it, and well try to do something about it.

During the press conference, Saturday when the report was presented to the nation,-members of the panel referred several times to the point that present filters didnt do the Job filters should do. Couldnt some of our scientists, right here in Raleigh, do something ab o u t filters?

Other panel members kept mentioning nicotine and tars as the probable offending things in tobacco. Couldnt some of our scientists, right here In Raleigh again, do something

about producing a strain of tobacco which had less, or even no, nicotine and tars?

The point Is that tobacco seems to be more and more under attack, and that so much of the time tobaccos answer .wems to be that the facts of the attack arent conclusive and that more studies are much in order. That Is a defensive position, and as long as tobacco does nothing but assume such positions, it will remain on the defensive. And it is unusual for defense to win any war.

Couldnt some of the people connected with tobacco begin to go on the attack? Couldnt they say that well see what we can do about some of the things some of the .studies say are causing the troubles.

Scientists at State College have proved they can work miracles In breeding of tobacco for special purposes. For example, not too many years ago, a disease cal 1 e d Black Shank, threatened the tobacco industry. There was no cure for It and still Isn't ^ after It hits the tobacco plant. So. State College scientists developed a strain which .successfully resists Black Shank.

If a miracle can be worked In (Mie field of tobacco why not In another?

it hardly seems worth having a nuclear stockpile at all."

"I warned you what would happen if we had a test ban treaty," Jack said.

But wait a minute, Jack. The United States has many non-nuclear weapons thal we dont know anything about. Its quite possible that, if you added chemical warfare and the like, we could bring our overkill capacity over the basic minimums."

"Were not Interested In mln-mums. We're interested in mximums. Whoever heard of anyone deterring someone with a minimum of destructive power?

"Then what do you advocate?

"What any patriotic person advocates. Resumption of tests, building Up of nuclear stockpiles, giving commanders In the field an optl(m on whether they should use nuclear weapons or not, and Increasing our overkill capacity to twice that of the Russians.

That sounds reasonable, we said. "What can we o about President Johnson?"

"Impeach him.

"But you havent even Impeached Chief Justice Warren yet.

"Warren can* wait. This Is far more important. Johnson is sewing the seeds of disarmament and hell have to pay for it."

The only trouble Is, Jack, that at the rate the Senate Is working they may not get around to impeaching the President until werer down to 15.

I knew youd find something wrong with what I had to say. Im sorry I called."

''riipact

Among

Youna

By UAL BOYLE ^ NEW YORK (API - A W "new year dawn, the biSM;x-board la my daUgh(.er s room loo&s strangely oare.

It hangs on a wall opposite her bed, and Tracy Ann uses the blackboard as a kind of school away irom school, as do many lu-year-oids, she loves to play teacher herself and the blackboards lends the game the semblance ol reality.

One day last November, just before school let out, she and her classmates learned that the President of the United Statee had been shot.

Tracy Ann.hurried home to tell her mother, *and they switched on the television set. My daughter wept uncMitroU-ably for nearly an hour.

In the crowded days that followed so swiftly she could not get the event out her mind, any more than grownups could. Sometime during those four tragic days she went alone to her blackboard, picked up a piece of chalk and neatly printed this bulletin:

"In history: John P. Kennedy died Friday. Nov. 22, 1963. Flags to fly at half staff for 30 days in mourning.

A relationship is sometimes best defined by its loss. So only through the death of President Kennedy did the nation come to realize how manifold a meaning he had.

He had become during hi short term in authority a symbol of many things. He was a symbol of conscientious leadership, light - heartedly exemplifying that true mark of th champion grace under pressure and he was a symbol of proud and happy parenthood

Probably because of the prevalence of television, the tragedy affected children almost as much as it did adults. It took away their innocence of death.

Burial of John P. Kennedy raised disturbing issues in the heart of my daughter, who has never seen a dead person and to whom until then death was. largely a matter of hears a y. She asked me long and searching questions about mortality and immortality, some ot which I found difficult to answer,

"After they covered President Kennedy with earth and flowers she asked, "did everybody Just go away and leave him there all by himself?

To her it seemed almost like an act of treason.

In th"e days that followed she was extraordinarily kind and thoughtful to both her mother and me. Other,parents I have talked to also have reported improved conduct in their children.

From this I gather that to children the me.ssage of President Kennedys <leath spelled less the loss of a national leader than a breach In the security of the family, the only certainty children really know. It made millions of people fully aware of how bewilderlnaly dependent they are on family ties they usually take for granted, and this realization is the only good I can see that came from the whole sorry happening.

Sometime after Christmas, Tracy Ann went to the blackboard and erased the lettering, and since then has written nothing on it.

Oainions In Brie:;

"Of course, you can*^ still find people who are willing to do an honest days work; but they want a weeks pay->-for it.Wall Street Journal.

"The deputy assistant secretary Is the fellow In charge of listening to complaints. A man whod put up with a title like that would put up with anybody. Minneapolis Tribune.

"Konrad Adenauer, who retired as West German chancellor, who received numerou marriage proposals until a short time ago, told his .secretary: Just put them in th non-aggression pact file. Mattoon (111.) Journal Gazette.

"People who lack the intelligence or the energy to learn how to read ought not to have power over those who do acquire a basic skill of cltlzen-.ship. Charleston (SC.) News and Courier.

"This far labors only basic remedy for unemployment Is

We should at once begin to dig the Nicaraguan Canal, where we have a friendly government and treaty rights which have lain dormant for years. The inadequacy of the Panamanian waterWay has increased the leasiblllty of the-Nicaraguan plan. Two canal are better than none.Richmond News-Leader. work week to be established the synthetic one of a 35-houT

Hedaina On Inflation ProsDects

Your Christma* Seal social ion say* if YOU have^ either symptom, you may liave a Repirator\' Disease (sickneM of breathing). Dont take chance* with RD, the nation* fourth leaJing killer.

See your'doctor.

By ELMER ROESSNER

No matter what the politicians In Washington tell us, there will be more inflation this year. No matter what the politicians abroad tell the people, there will be more inflation in most countries of the world.

This has put everjbody with a little savablc money, from peasants In France to corporation executives who get magnificent bounses on a search for inflation-proof hideaways.

Cash wont do. because that loses first and fast by inflation. Gold is often difficult to buy and premiums are heavy Common stocks are often touted as hedges again.st inflation nd, to a large extent they re. But they re 'not automatic. Some of the best stocks today are. In terms of gold equivalents, worth barely what thev were In 19W.

WHERE LS SEITRITY?*

In recent years, smart moneywhich might more properly be called scared money has been rut into paintings, other (3jjets dart, precious

stones and other tangibles. In-many cases values have Increased to offset inflation. And, because there has been considerable competition for these tangible securities, the values have actu&Uy risen faster than the purchasing power of the dollar, or foreign currencies, have declined.

There is no exchange where Investors can buy and sell Ming vases or Picasso paintings, but "Picks World Currency Reports" annually gives a rundown on these hedges.

Liberty ships, it reports, were one of the sleeper Investments of 1963, Somebody with scared money could have picked up for $125,000 last

January, with a down payment of $58,000 and sold out for $225,000 or more at the end of the year.

Seccmd best hedge was, believe it or not, rare and precious snuff boxes, especially Fi-ench 17th century masterpieces. These sold around 25 to 30 per cent higher than a year ago at London auctions. A Louis XV gold and enamel box

by Jean Moynat, Paris, 1749, brought $39,200.

LOOKED IN YOUR ATTIC LATELY?

Old china ccmtlnued Its uptrend started In 1962. A pair of 12%-inch horses a' grooms, by Kaendler of Meisen, brought $56,000. The general increase was 25 per cent.

Old books and manuscripts proved fine hedges. A first edition of "Don Quixote, was published in 1606 and sold in 1942 by a book dealer for $5,000, was repurchased by the same dealer In a New York auctiwi for $42,000. A George Washington letter, sold for $3,000 in 1956, brought $17.000. last year. Even General Motors didnt do as well.

Choice silver object rose around 15 to 20 per cent. Pick reports. Christies In London sold a George n silver dinner service for $65,000.

Classic painttngs for the first time since 1939 showed a somewhat sluggish demand . . . The million-dollar Item had vanished. The modest price in

crease was 10 per cent, Pick said. "Famous Impressionists did not list large price Increases. An Improvement of from 5 to 10 per cent over last year was nothing extraordinary." But. as Pick might have added, that Increase would have offset inflation In the United Stetes and many other countries.

The topper was Degass Danseuse, which brought $211.650 at Sothebys.

Modem paintings showed little gain. Eighteenth century French furniture, whlh has been booming in the past, did not Increase. Gobelins and tapestries were popular but did not Increase In price. Imperial Jade Increased In price: so did dlamcxids after a decline in 1962. Gold fluctuated .within narrow limits and rose 35 per cent; platinum, 26 per cent; zinc, 18 per cent silver, 7 per cent, and other metals lesser amount. But there are fringe benefits; it is more fun to look at a Degas than a hunk, of gold.