Wdnetdsy, Jan'uaiy 15, 1964

Minor Incident Becomes Big Issue

Just Ignore Me, Dahlings!

What began as an incident ovtr fltg-raiiing in Panama has now come down to the basic issue: whether the United States or Panama will control the vital and strategic canal which crosses Central America.

In recent years U.^ S. control of the Panama Canal has been an increasing source of controversy BO far as the Panamanian government is concerned. There has been increasing pressure on the United States to relinquish, or at least drastically alter, its perpetual lease on the canal which dates back more than 60 years. 'fs

It appears evident now that the Panamanian government Is committed to a determined effort to gain possession, or at least substantial control over the canal. There are also Indications that the United States has not altered its position that it controls the canal according to the terms of a valid treaty, and that it expects the terms of the treaty to be adhered to.

Certainly the United States should stick to the position it has maintained with regard to the Panama Canal since the treaty was signed 61 years ago. For the United States to give up the Canal and the Canal Zone to the Panamanians, or to an international agency, would seriously jeopardize the military

Big

Prisons ^

By WILLIAM A. SpIRES

CALEDONIA - Thk U "tlw Ponderosa," the big spread of Uie far-flung North Carolina prisons system Caled 0 Q1 a Priswi Farm.

It stretched for seven miles along a huge horseshoe bend of the Roanoke River In the hump of eastern Halifax County and covers 7,300 acres of flat, fertile bottomland. It la home" at least a temporary <me, for more than 800 convicts.

The prisoners themselves call Caledonia the Ponderosa" because of its vast acreage, Isolation and rural location 20 miles or more from the near-(^ktr-slzed city. It la known fsFthe Ponderosa not <mly by priSQpers assi^ned here but generally throughout the prisons system.

There are stout fences, armed guards and cellblocks with Iron bars and locked doors

It is a medium cu.stody camp

but the principal role of Caledonia these days Is not custodial. It is farming.

WORK Caledonias farm production is under the state's prison enterprises program, developed to take up the slack left by reduced demand for prison labor by the Statfc Highway Commission.

The prison" enterprises program serves multiple purposes

it keeps prisoners busy at productive labor, It teaches skills and trades that will be useful outside prison walls and costs of prison operations and upkeep. It saves tax money.

In addition to farming, prison enterprises also a cannery and laundry at Caledonia. The cannery puts up produce growm on the farm for prison and Institutional use and the laundry serves some 35 prison camps In Eastern North Carolina

FARMING ~ Most of the prisoners sent to Caledonia have farming experience either having actually farmed or grew UP with farm and rural backgrounds.

Caledonia employes modem, up to date and productive farming methods. Many inmates become proficient and skilled In phases of modem fanning animal husbandry, operation and maintenance of modem farm machinery. Theae men have little trouble ftadlng Jobs after they leave prison many of them are waiting UiRs for employment, when they ars paroled.

In the meantime, the elds and pastures of Caledonia are models for farm efficiency producing vast amounts of livestock feed, com, beans, potatoes, peas, tomatoes, pepper, greens and 30.000 chick e n s,

System

eggs, 2.000 head of fat beef cat- . tie and 3,000 hogs.

All of this exoei^ Cale-donlss priM beef goes Into food for the prison systems populstlon. The eholoe bmt at Caledonia Is sold on Uis open martcet snd, in turn, prison enterprises buys utility beef for Its meat processhig plant at Butner. The utility beef is as good for Institutional use and the difference In eoet of choice amounts to $50.000 a year.

MANAOERR ~ Big. h u k y former North Carolina State College footballer Bill Swart Is ftrm manager for Caledo n i a and sees after the operations of all pluuMs of agricultural work.

Swart saye the great majority of prisoners prove to be good workers, are eager to learn and have high morale. There Is Uttle trouble

Tom Hall Is manager of the spick and span Caledonia cannery which turns out csnned vegetables and produce In huge quantltlee under the red and white Tarstln" label.

Tarstln" Is a brand name not found In competltl(m with private enterprise used only in prisons and other state tax sup-* ported Institutions. It stands for Tar Heel State Industries.

In the cannery and laundry, too, prlstmers are able to learn useful sklllfi using modern methods and machinery. Geo- ^ rge Gurganus is manager of * the big Caledonia laundry.

PRISON Few of the roads on the sprawling prison farm are paved, probably because the Highway Commission has never looked favorably on using its allocation funds for paving prison farm roads.

Neither Is there a bridge over the Roanoke River closer than U. 8. 258 south of Rich Square, although Just across the river from Caledonia is another prison farm tough, maximum security Odum Prison. From the Caledonia compound, Odum may be glimpsed In the distance through a stately row of big pecan trees.

Security is not as tight at Caledonia as at Odum, but even so visitors to Caledonia must past a guard gate at a telephone tower and numerous guards are in evidence. Maj J. W Goins, a native of Lincoln County and veteran prl* son officer, Is In charge of the camp. There are big barred cellWocks Television s<Ks help prisoners while away idle times. There Is also a recreation program and Caled(ilas baseball team Is the reigning prisons system champion, having wrested the title for the farm from the "Mg leaguers at Raleighs Central Prison.

I - I T r irfT

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position of the free world. It ^would jeopardize access to the canal which has been enjoyed by all nations in time of peace since the waterway was constructed.

It would be a grave mistake for President Johnson -to steer the United States toward a course of attempted appeasement of the Panamanian government by beginning now to make concessions over the canal issue. Concessions that would alter he treaty would only V^het the appitite to eventually grab control of the canal from the United States. At best, concessions on the part of the United States would be stop-gap measures that would pave the way for more demands of greater concessions in the immediate future.

^ The unfortunate incidents in Panama in recent days have served to rekindle the flame of this old issue in Central America. The rekindling of the flame has in turn put the United States to the acid test where it must stand up for the terms of the treaty^ or retreat from the position it has held for more han half a century.

The United States would not strengthen its position or the position of other free world nations by making concessions to Panama so far as the canal treaty Is cncerned. Neither would conessions to Panama win any friends or respect for the United States in the world at large.

Prison Camp Site May Have A Future Use

Pitt County loses an industry at the end of this week.

After a quarter century of operations, the Pitt County prison unit is being closed by the State Prison Department as a part of its program of consolidating units throughout the state.

Most people, perhaps, have not thought of the prison camp as an industry or as contributing to the economy of the county. Yet, it provides fulltime employment for 23 persons in addition to the superintendent of the unit. Funds have been required to operate the unit over the period of years it has been here, and a good part of the moneyy spent in its operations has trickled into the economy of the county. Small though its part may have been in the overall economy of Pitt, the presence of the prison camp here has added to the economy.

Its scheduled closing Saturday will mean some 20 less full-time job opportunities in this immediate community, although those employed at the camp will be offered jobs elsewhere by the prison department.

Although the prison unit will be closed, there is the possibility that the prison camp site may, at some future date, be available for industrial uses that could mean a great deal to the county. Since it began its program of closing county prison units the state the Prison Department has cooperated with non-profit community development groups in helping to attract industry that might use the former prison unit sites. Certainly the possibility that the Prison Department might make the 92 acre prison camp site available at a reasonable figure for future industrial development should be explored by Greenville and Pitt County officials.

By ALVIN TAYLOR

No I

tina

Suez Outcome

r

By JAMES MARLOW WASHINGTON (AP) While there is some similarity between events now involving the Panama Canel and what happened at the Suez Canal In 1966 there Is small chancie the outcome will be the same.

The Egyptians seized Suez in 1956 and have run it since. But Secretary of State Dean Rusk says this country cannot afford to pull out of the Panama Canal zone even though the Panama Assembly has demanded Panamanian control.

What was similar at both canals was the rising nationalism of Egyptians and Panamanians and their resentment of a foreign presence on their soil: the British at Suez and Americans in Panama.

In both cases, Egyptian and Panamanian nationalism was a by - product of World War II. which left the European colonial powers so prostrated they had to yield their colonies.

To Panamanians and others, particularly in Latin America. Americans In Panama no doubt mean aheer colonialism even though Dlls country has i treaty with Panama to be there and run the canal.

Because this country is so big. considers Itself the leader of the free world, and la trying to keep small and backward countries away from communism, it cannot help but feel aelf - c(hisc1ous in Ita dlapute with poor and tiny Panama.

For thla reason the Panamanians can feel encouraged to push and push for concessions. By the same token, this country undoubtedly v.ill feel compelled to make them although, from what Rusk says, not total withdrawal.

The background of the two canals is not Identical.

While the French built the Suez Canal in 1889. the British became the canal, c o m-panys biggest stockhold e r in 1875. They iubaequently built a huge military base at Suea.

After the war, the Egjiptl-ins, like the rest of the Arab world, had enough of colonialism. They saw the British give up India in 1948. In 1952 an army revolt threw out King Farouk and took over Egypt. Not long afterward Col. Gam-al Abdel Nasser became president.

He pressured the British Into pulling their troops out of Suez. The United States and Britain hoped to win him over. offered to help him build

\

a huge dam across the Nile. He dickered with the Sov 1 e t Union and tried to play both ends against the middle. He proclaimed himself a neutralist.

The United States and Britain withdrew their offer of help on the dani. Nasser retaliated by seizing the canal. Not long afterward Brit a 1 n. France and Israel began an Invasion of Egypt. This came to a quick stop when the United States and the Soviet Union disapproved.

The canal c(npany contract with Egypt was to run until 1968 after which the Suez was to be turned over to Egypt. Nasser took it 12 years ahead of time. The situation is different with the Panama Canal.

This country's 1903 treaty with Panama for Ameri can control of the canal completely lacks a limit like the British had at Suez. It says American control is to run forever, or at least indefinitely. This alone has irritated Panamanians.

But they benefit from the canal although whether they could benefit more if they tried to run it themselves is something else.

Panama gets almost $2 million a year from this country for use of the canal. Any Income from the canal above operating costs. Is spent on irnprovements. The Panamanians get money from jobs they hold In the zone and from money spent In Panama itself by ship crews and tourists.

The canal has commercial Importance to this country but not nearly so much military value as when It was built and this country had a wie-ocean navy. But it Is. in a sense, a military base. There are 36.-000 Americans In the zone, Including 10,000 troops and their families.

The Panamanians at this time will probably settle for less than control of the canal. They have made other demands: more,, money fw

use of the cansdT some changes in the -^aty, better pay for Panamanians working In the zone.

Nasser could seize Sues without declaring war on Britain because the laat British troops had left before he acted. Panama could hardly try to grab the canal, if It ever had such a thought, without Attacking American forces.

3,600 Cars On Campus

City council were discussing the parking problem on a n d around the college campus. Dr. Ralph Brimley, a councilman who is also Ml the college staff, noted that there are now 3,600 care registered on the campus.

And this Is true even though freshmen are not allowed to have cars.

tend.

This particular college explained In Its catalogue that it did not allow students to keep autos on campus.

"If you must have a car, we recommend you consult the catalogue of another college, the explanation concluded.

girl who showed up at the bloodmoblle Monday.

"I thought we threw the little ones back," one of the nurses said Jokingly,

Im little, but I'm strong, the girl came back.

They took her blood.

This prompted City Manager Harry Hagerty to recall one college catalogue he consulted when his boys were considering the colleges they wanted to at-

Then Dr. Brimley pointed out how one college he knew of solved the parking problem on campus.

It Installed parking meters.

There was the rather small

Other Editors Saying Tobacco Counterblast

(New York Herald Tribune)

More than three centuries after King James I. in "A Counterblast to Tobacco," described smoking as "loathsome to the eye, hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, dangerous to the lungs," a distinguished panel of experts has returned to the subject in less aesthetic, but far more scientific terms.

The panel's counterblast contained few surprises; its purpose. indeed, was to sum up and evaluate current information on the effects of smoking. It found that "cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient Importance in the United States to warrant appropriate remedial action.

The character of the panel, the time and care it has given to this important subject, give great weight to its findings. The problem, then, is what remedial action is appropriate. The panel recommended none. It was discouraging on the subject of filters, but obviously there is still an important field of research in eliminating the dangerous elements 'fe smoking. And beyond that?

Smoking constitutes a health hazard that may be assumed 1 the strength cA the committees report. But Is that hazard different In kind from many other hazards over-eathiR, over-drinking, over-exertion which may also be detrimental to health? Does smoking call for speciflb measures on the governmental level?

Perhaps Surgeon General Luther Terry has provided the clew. He would, he said, as a doctor, warn patients against smokind and If they persisted, make sure they knew the dangers they would run. Such reports as that of this panel make the risks very plain. It is the

responsibility of medical men, health agencies and parents to see to it that these findings ( and whatever new Is discovered on the subject) are brought home to smokers and potentiaU smokers. It Is the responsibility of each individual to inform himself of them.

And then. If he decides that the "search for contentment" (from which, the panel says, the smoking habit originates) outweighs the risks, the decision is his.

A WRONG NUMBER (Charleston (W. Va.) Dally Mail)

Much of the time Sen. Paul Douglas leaves us livid and gasping for breath. Every now and then, however, he strikes a clear note which finds us singing together like thrushes at eventide.

So it Is with the firm .stand Sen. Douglas has taken. He is unalterably opposed to a new electronic miracle which enables some advertiser to make thousands of telephonic solicitations from a recorded tape. Just press the button, see. and the monster goes to work. On Monday it would canvass every home In South HUls. On Tuesday it would cover the West Side. Wednesday, South Charleston and so on.

Sen. Douglas regards this u an unwarranted Invasion of prl-* vacy. We agree. It Is also unfair and a confounded nuisance. We well remember the day we rushed breathlessly In our wheel chair to answer the telephone only to hear a cheerful salesman who had hoped to sell us a series of dancing lesson*.

We fixed him, alrighty, and drew some bitter satisfaction from the insults Inspired by our vexation. But what are you going to do with an Infernal machine that simply talks and talks and talks?

Theres a saying among the girls around a newspaper office: Never marry a newspaperman.

Maybe the experience of Betsey Essoyan, wife of the Associated Press Hong Kong bureau chief, Roy, explains why.

During the Viet Nam coup there was a blackout of news coming out of that country during August and September. Betsey met every plane arriving at the Hong Kong airport during the blackout. On the offhand chance that a story or pictures from AP staffers would be aboard, she met them all.

AP wives are renowned for their sUnts of emergency duty in assistance to their husbands, The Asociated Press says. They declared Betsey champion and ntmilnatcd her as AP wife O 1963.

Opinions 'h Brief

Perhaps utopia has indeed arrived when political scientists fret over the effects of too much leisure on the public, but the fact remains Americans and members of other advanced societies have given the appearance in recent years of children lost In a department store toy department." Norwalk (Conn.) Hour.

Even though women often wear tennis outfits when they cant play, snd ski suits when they cant ski. they sure mean bu.Hine88 when they put on a wedding dress." Loup City (i^ebr.) Times.

"Directions are what you read to find out what you did wrong." Dawson County (Qa.) Advertiser.

"Die fact still remains tiiat we are moving into an age much more complex than the authors of our klndergarten-through-twelfth-grade system envisioned. The skills to cope with tomorrow's living sre not acquired any longer in juat 12 years of formal education. Tulsa (Okla.) Tribune,

i rouDie

By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN

Copyright, 1964, King Features Syndicate. Inc.

HARTFORD, Conn. One o( titf lesders in the Goidwster movement in the Stste of C(m-necticut is Ben W. Gilmore, who lives in Enfield, a small town just over the border from Springfield, Msss. Actually Ben OUmore is not a New Englander. He was bom In CJorpus Christi, Texas, and his present employer Is the Cameron Iron Works of Houston. Texas, for wh(n he peddles Iron" throughout the NorthesH.^ Ben . can slip back into his native southwestern drawl at will, and can give a most 6<mvlnc-Ing Imitation of Lyndon Johnson, suh. But when he Is talking to g New England group, whether about business or politics, Ben' is brisk as any Ysjikee.

Ben is Important because be is a living example of w h a t fives the GoWwater movement Its strength, which drives wholly frtsn s seepage that is outside politics, pr(ife5Sionally considered. Before the Goldwater movement In Connecticut was made official a few days ago in Hartford by the formation of a committee under Newman MarslUus, a Bridgeport Indus-trUdist who has proved his potency by knocking the State Republican party indebtedness from $196,000 to $25,000 In a few months, Ben Gilmore's efforts were wholly amateur. Ho went about ths State organizing Goldwater clubs among housewives carpenters, small professional m(Mi and business men, distributing copies oi Barry Ooldwsters credo, T h e , Conscious of a C(wi8ervative," and collecting dollar membership fees for the relatively amateur Draft Goldwater C(nmlt-tee. He has now joined MarsU-lus, at last becoming a pro.

The thing that attracted Ben Gilmore, the Inm peddler, to Goldwater was the mans conservative Mdlosophy, not h 1 s official Republicanism. Ben had read The Conscience o a Conservative," and was convinced. One of the passages he likes particularly to cite is one fat which the Arizona Senator declares what amounts to war on his own tribe of professi(tal politician.

The turn wiU come, so Goldwater wrote In the Conscience of a Conservative." when we entrust the conduct of our affairs to men who understand that their first duty as public officials is to divest themselves of the power they have been given.

Now, when an aspirant to high political office campaigns <m a platform o divestment of power, he is certain to alienate the party professional whose main reason for being is to gather more power to the end <rf making himself seem indispensable to the voters. Surely Ray Bliss of Ohio, Sear-le Ptoney of Connecticut, and other high party functionaries throughout the northeast e r n quadrant of the United States, who have been assiduous in preventing any premature jump to Goldwater, are partly activated by distrust of a man who could be so contemptuous of poUtlcar power as such.

Before the assassination of John P. Kennedy, the extra-political seepage of Goldwa-terism at the grass roots was scaring the political pros into forgetting the passage In Ths Conscience of a Conservative that had declared them expendable, The question, now, la whether the grass roots seepage can pick up a momentum that was lost on that fateful day in November. The pros in the Northeast wl do nothing for Barrj' Goldwater unlesa they are convinced that the grassroots sentiment is something they eannot afford to Ignore.

Goldwateri declaration of war on the power seeking political pro is not the only thing that is working against him. Another thing is his sense of humor. Gentlemen, he sad not so long ago to a group of supporters, I' m flattered that you thought (rf my name. I have every confidence that, with all of you behind me, I could be another Alf Landon. He also promised to make Linus Pauling, (C<mtlnued on Page 5)

Complicating Govmt Business

By ELMER ROESSNER The British sale of buses to Chiba will complicate the problems of the State Department in trying to keep control of our international relations.

Many oommimities can be expected to consider local ordinances imposing restrictions on the sale of British goods, just as they have restricted the sale of Communist goods.

Locals of the International Longshoremens Association have boycotted Russian goods and have been considering a boycott of British goods since the-bus deal was announced. Venezuela has announced a boycott of Eh-itish goods. These actions may stir many com-munities to reatrict the sale of British as well as Communist goods.

STATE department WORRIED The actions of localities in taking charge of American International diplomacy has upset the State Departinent, It says. International relatlona, Department spokesmen say. should be conducted by Secretary Dean Rusk and not by mayors (u* union leaders. Nevertheless, these bd^cotts

actually strengthen the hand of the Department In dealing with the Russians and now the British they can always insist that the voters back home demand firmness.

More than a dozen cities and towns have ordinances requiring merohanta to display signs reading C(nmunlt goods over displays of Polish harm, Yugoslavian tuna and Russian caviar.

In addition, organizations in other towns protest the sale of Ir(m Chirtaln goods, sometimes In illegal demonstrations.

Last week an Insurancs agent was found guilty of disorderly conduct on charges of inserting cards in packages of lingerie calling it Communist and shouting that a Yonkers, N. Y store was a C(nmU' nlst store.

In addition, smie text 111 communities in the South havs called for a boycott <A Japanese textiles, and have iHcket-ed stores selling such Imports.

Columbus, Ohio, is among cities that have enacted ordinances requiring warnings about C(nmuniik products. Only in CoUunbus has a teat

case arisen. Alakassam Hasan Miqdadi, of Iracil descent, was arrested for selling books from behind the Iron Curtain without the required warning, but was freed on a ruling that the ordinance was unconstitutional. which it probably Is. However, In two other cases judges upheld the constitutionality of the ordinance.

The State Department has kept hands off local eases, but is probably hoping that the Alakassam case will be taken to the Supreme Court, which might return international af-faira to the Department

Other cities with such ordinances Include Birmingham. Ala.; Montgomery, Ala.; Phoenix, Aiiz.; Columbus, oa.; Balnbridge. Ga.; OreenvlUe. 8. C.; Tampa, Fla.; Fort Lauderdale, Fla.; Billings, Moot, and Newport, Ky. Jefferson Parish, La. has an even tougher law; It prohlbita the sale of any Communist goo^.

Co. reports. Thats tops In the Western Hemljm>here but Monaco, with 48 per 100, tope U. 8. How do those Monegas-ques ever sleep? There are Mily three telephones per 1,000 IKH;>ulatkm In the C(noro Islands. D<mt phone them, theyll call you.

DO YOU HAVE RINGING SOUND IN YOUR EARS?

There are more than 43 tel(^ phones per 100 population In the United States, the American Telephone A Telegraph

SHORT & SIGNIFICANT BUSINESS NEWS ITEMS The Post Office has announced that it Is Illegal to mail playing cards to the PhU-Ipplnes. . .The greatest In-(^ase In department store sales last year was made In the Atianta Federal Reserve District, up 13 per cent.

A- Milwaukee store distributed genuine but unsigned 33 checks to prospects, promising to sign them when the reclpleots sent In a customer. B peW off. . . World Steel tofot production reached a new high of 420 mll-Uon net tone. Steel magazine reports. . ^

per (?wit oi all Industrial and business e<iuipment win be sold under letse arrangements, ao; cording to William J. ONein, president. Leaeewijr Trtaspor-tatlon. aeveland.