Monday, January 13, 1964

Who's Tallest Now?

By Staying HomeYoull Never Win

Tomorrow voters of North Carolina will decide whether the state's constitution is amended to provide for more realistic way of apportioning representation in the legislature, or whether the provisions for legislative representation will remain as they are.

On a number of occasions in recent months. The Reflector has voiced its approval of the so-called little federal plan proposed in the constitutional amendment. It is our firm opinion that provisions of this proposed amendment offer this state and its people a legislative arrangement that will be far better in the long run than the present provisions for legislative apportionment.

By having one house of the legislature made up ot one representativeand only onefrom each county of the state, there is assurance of the broadest possible representation of all the diverse, geo- graphic, economic and social interests of this large state. By having the other house of the legislature

counties of the state would exercise so-called control over legislative matters. There is the assurance that all the diverse interests of the people of North Carolina would be adequately voiced in the legislature.

On the eve of election day, there is another important point which should not be overlooked by citizens of this "state. The decision made tomorrow will be made only by those who go to the polls and cast a ballot on this important question. Those who do not cast their ballots will have no voice in the decision which is made . a decision that is certain to frame North Carolinas legislative make-up for decades to come.

It'is our hope that the people of this area will vote in favor of the little federal constitutional amendment. But regardless of how the individual intends to vote, we urge each citizen to discharge his responsibility to himself, his state and his fellow citizens by casting'a ballot on this important question tomorrow. *

composed of Senators allocated to districts strictly ^ ' \wT

on a population basis, there is the* guarantee that Tin |C "WlQQOChtrt lAr CIS the larger, more populous counties of the state will have adequate representation in the legislature.

Under such an arrangement, and because of. the requirement for concurrent agreement in both houses in order to pass legislation, there is ssur-ance that neither the large counties nor the small

Youth Center Is Not Prison-Like

By WIIXIAM A. SHIRES

CENTER There are no gri&rdfi, no guns, no fences and no cells at the state prison systems John W. Umstead Youth Center at Butner.

Theres a wide expanse of lawn and walkways between the buildings dotting a hill-aide overlooking the old barracks and warehouses of.,wartime Camp Butner. The law'n erves a particular purpose.

Theres very little that is prisonlike ab(ait this showplace camp for youthful offenders-about 100 of them and it Is more like dormitory living at a boys school. But there's a difference. It is a prison.

Its a prison in which state officials and the boys themselves. all honor grade, first offenders, take special pride. In a way It was a starting point programs that have won widespread acclaim for the states prison system.

REPORT A few year.s ago nationally recognizes penal expert Austin McCormick made a survey and Issued a report severely critical of the North Carolina prison system.

Much of the progress and many of the reforms grew out of the McCormick report. Much of the basis for his criticism all through the system has now been removed.

The one bright spot cited in McCormicks report even then was the Youth Center at Butner. He was highly complimentary about it.

YOUTH ~ It is named the Uinstead Youth Center In hoa-or (rf former state Rep. J W. Umstead of Chapel HUl,' author of legislation which created the camp. A large portrait of Umstead hangs In the foyer of the administration tauilding.

Doors of this building and all others on the campus are open There are no bars nor locks

There are counselors Instead of guards at YC counselors who are college graduates with degrees and training in oclology, psychology and religion. They arc counselors intensely lntere.sted in young people and particularly the problems of the youthful prisoners, In their situations and their future. The average UYC stay of a young man. aged 16 to fl. Is one year.

BUSY r- everybody works at UYC. Keeping the boys busy is one of the policies for rehabilitation. Most of the youths work at-the nearby .rtate mental hospital, doing all of sorts of jobs house-cleaning, laun

dry, clerical work, plumbing, electrical work, farming, repair and maintenance.

They learn skills, attend classes, play In the tnd, participate in athletics.

Instead of cells at UYC there are two clean, neatly-kept dormitories. And for a privileged few of the boys those who rise at 2:30 a.m. to do dairy work there are private rooms. Each dorm houses 50 boys with two wing.s each.

PACILnTES There are recreation rooms, lounges with television sets, classrooms, counseling rooms, a gym. tennis courts, baseball and softball diamonds.

Theres a barber .sh(H) and canteen, a large dining hall also used for as.semblles. There is an office for the camp's own inmate-edited newspaper called the Centerprtse, and a bulletin board for Items of interest.

The boys occasionally attend the movies free, guests of a theater manager in a nearby town who has had a blanket, standing Invitation for them for years the only proviso being that they buy popcorn. The theater manager says no Youth Center boy has ever caused any tremble. Sometimes they go in groups to ba.sket-ball and football games In the area.

ITEMS A typical item in the center newspaper tells of a 3.000 mile trip from California by the parents of one of the Inmates, a former paratrooper at Ft. Bragg, to vkslt him at UYC. They saw their son for the first time in almost a .year and were so thankful to find him In such a wwi-derful Instltutlwi of coiTect-lon.

There are picnic tables and benches In a grove of trees for the boys to visit with their families on visiting days.

There are evening claisses in basic subjects. Twelve to 15 per cent of the boys assigned to Butner are Illiterate but many of these learn quickly to read and write and one of the biggest moments Is when he receives a letter he can read, or writes a letter home. There Is a .small library and a survey shows 50 per cent of the boys use It for reading matter.

There is strict discipline, of course. And the big law^n helps discourage mischief and trou-blemaking. e.specially In the summer months, becau.se demerits mean long hours of pushing a lawTi mower.

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED

Published Every Afternoon Except Sunday Eistablished 1882 DAVID JULIAN WHICHARD, Publisher

Entered at Poet Office OraenvlUe, N. C., aa second class mail matter.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Carrier (In Town*) Week 30c

By Carrier (Motor Routes) Week 35c

BY MAIL, Payable In Advance

3reenrl|le Post Office, Pitt County. RobersonvlUe. Vanceboro, Washington and Chocowlnlty.

Three Months .. ................... $ 176

Six Month* ......................... 7 00

One Year . ......... 13 00

North Carolina other than listed above)

Three Month* $ 4.00

Six Month* ..................... 7.60

One Year ...... H OO

Plus 3% N C. Sales Tax A Other Outside North Carolina

Three Month* ........................... I 4.21

Six Months ............... < a-*.* -a 00

On* Year .................... 16.00

III I nmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm i , miimrn

MEMBER ASSOCIATED PRESS The Associated Press ts exclusively entitled to use for publication all news dispatches credited to It or not otherwise credited to this paper and also the local news publtsheo herein. All right* of publication of special dispatches here are also reserved.

Member Audit Bureau of Circulation

All tdverrislng copy must be received at least ona day before publication data.

Begun By Students

No one can mea.sure with accuracy the immediate or long-range effects of the serious crisis between the United States and Panama.

Both American and Panamanian lives have been lost. Bitterness has growm deeper with each day of the crivsis. The incident, though it is eventually settled, will leave new scars on the relationship of the two nation.s which will not quickly heal.

It is significant, we think, that in the rapid series of disturbances, we not lose sight of the fact that the crisis apparently was touched off by U.S. and Panamanian students. Whether these young people had in mind the creation of an international incident well never know% There is little doubt that tho.se students on each side were confident they were justified in the action they took.

But regardless of their ju.stification In their own minds, we seriously question ^vhether their cause was of sufficient import to warrant the international crisis which has resulted. We doubt seriously those students envisioned bloodshed and the loiis of lives from the incident they precipitated.

The fact is, however, that these things have resulted; and who can say how much more damage will be done before the repercussions have run their course.

Dont Overlook

By WINFRED L. GODWIN

Dven More To Education

IndeDendents

The 50 state legislatures of these United States appropriated more than $2 billion of tax money for the operation of colleges and universities in 1963-64. This figure is some $425 million more than was appropriated in 1961-62, a 26 per cent increase over the two-year period.

Every state In the, natiwi showed an increase,, ranging from Alaska, Which allotted 59 per cent more for operation of its institutions, to Mississippi,. whose net gain in two years was 8 per cent.

Other Southern states, their appropriations and percentage

Increases are: Alabama, $28,-465,000, 39 per cent; Arkansas. $20,369,000, 23 per cent; Delaware, $5,831,000, 34 per cent; Florida, $57.710,000 , 25 per cent; Georgia $35,270,000, 22 per cent; Kentucky $32,164,-000, 31 per cent; Louisiana, $55,847,000, 16 per cent; Maryland, $33,505,000, 26 per cent; North Carolina. $46,768.000, 31 per cent; Oklahoma $33,505,-000, 12 per cent; South Carolina. $17,360.000, 20 per cent; Tennessee, $28,324,000 , 32 per cent; Texas. $106.963.000 37 per cent; Virginia $34,204,000, 24 per cent; and West Virginia. $22,286.000. 12 per cent.

By ROGER BAB.SON BABSON PARK, Ma.ss.,

When ytm are looking for a share in a good business venture, dont bypass the possibilities among the independent" firms. In my years of counseling, I have many times pointed out that there are m o e hidden opportunities for sound profits among Independents than is generally recognized.

BIG BUSINESS VS.

INDEPENDENTS I believe that the future of our country depends to a considerable extent on encouragement of the Independents in all lines of endeavor. Some investors buy only 'Ibue chip stocks, pr perhaps just tho.se in the Dow-Jones Industrial group. But, In a sense, such Investors are cutting, their own throats" by contributing only to the already established concerns.

In fact. It is to the interest of our system of ., democratic free enterprbie to * port smaller companies. for a number of valid reasons. For one thing, ornpetition of, a healthy sort cAn be fostered only in' a climate where the independent l.s not overwhelmed and blotted out by the giants. During the birth of the electronics Industry, many firms now leaders In our nation first saw the light of day in somebodys garage or In a m k e-shift laboratory in somebodys attic.

MANY IMPORVEMENTS FROM S.MAI.I. tOMPAMES An amazing number of products now known throughout the world were the bralnchll-di-en. originally, of small independents. Here arc a few Items which were invented and first marketed by such establishments: Penicillin, colored motion pictures, electric 11" h t bulbs, automobiles, long-pla.v-Ing records, in.stant coffee, fountain pens, frozen foods, zippers, toa.sters, hearing aids, vacuum cleaners, irons, Kodak and Polaroid cameras, electric heating pads, radios, flashlight paper towels, and a great gal-aty of household appliances. Then, in most instances, the big companies came along and swallowed them up. along with ' their markets.

It ts still tough sledding for

the small pioneers. For In-stnace, magazine, radio, and TV advertising rates are the same for the smalls as they are for the giants. It is easy to see how this handicaps the Independents in their efforts to raise capital and to sell their names and products. There is no question, either, but t h a bigness creates power and a kind of bureaucracy that breed a difficult climate for the smalls to weather.

A GOOD PLACE TO INVEST It s always worth while, when you have funds to place, to look into the prospects for some of your local enterprises. such as banks and chain stores. When considering income, safety, and growth possibilities, I can thtok of f e w better opportunities than the telephone compasy that serves your locality. For years I have recommended to readers that they invest in their local telephone company, whether it be a Bell or an Independent.

If you are not served by a Bell or independent unit, you can always buy Into the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, which supplies the whole country including BeU and the independents with^ long-distance coverage. The' telephone industry has beeen one of the fastest-growing of them all. and I expect s t i 1 further expansion in this field as our population fans out. Also. Innovations that mean more efficient .service, more time savings, and more cor-Venirnce will be constantly developed over coming years.

A FINAL WORD FOR INDEPENDENTS It should be kept in mind that while the big BeU companies serve most of the large cities, the independent phone companies serve nearly twice as many individual communities. Most of these firms are locally owned and contribute directly to the economic welfare of their areas. They have a built-in monopoly for their districts which almost no other Industries possess. For the reasons given above, my in-ve.stment sense has always drawn me toward the Independents. But be careful. . . investigate before you take any action!

Other Editors Saying What Is Wrong?

(Washington Daily News)

Recently at & meeting of leaders from several Eastern North Carolina counties, one man got up and said in effect "we need to get together here in Eastern North Carolina. . . we fight each other too much . . .the commercial fisherman fights the sports fisherman. . . the farmer fights the businessman. . .the doctors fight each other. . .the newspapers fight each other. . .the lawyers fight each other,, .the towns and counties fight each other. . this fact of fighting each other is hurting us aU immensely.

We have tried to evalu ate w'hat this man has said. There Is a big difference bet w e e n wholesome competition and fighting each ther. It is true that sometimes competition spills over Into selfish fighting.

We look at our Industrial position here in Eastern North Carolina, and we just wonder if we could have a spirit of more togetherness. would be be beetter off. Right now our various communities have been waging a great fight over an area airport.

Here in our own area, particularly here in Beaufort county, we have the phosphate signs with us. but if we are not able to reap the benefits as a people which would accrue to all of us.

We serious doubt that our attitudes in general here In our own area are any different basically from attitudes In other parts of the state. We can point to many highly industrialized areas and say with a feeling of assurance that labor is fighting management.

Potlitlcally speaking, it often seems more difficult for us here hi far Eastern North Carolina to ge together than it

does in some other areas. We have so many political cross currents here that the idea of standing together (ki common ground at any one time is a difficult matter to realize.

Now, if there is or seems to be a spirit prevailing of pulling against each other in our area, then we have the challenge squarely before us to do something to change the picture. We cannot change it merely by talking about it. We can only change it, if it really exists, by example and pre-"cept.

We might confuse competition with unwholesome fighting, but then the determination is one of Individual attitude. What one man sees as w holesome competition another sees as bitter fighting.

If we attempt to find the answer to What is wrong in in Eastern North Carolina," we can say with assurance, with dignity, and with conviction that there Is nothing wrong with us that a higher economic status will not change. Greater Industrial development, more payrolls, and a renew'ed spirit of dedication will change the picture considerabley.

We believe In Eastern North Carolina, and we believe that It offers North Carolinas finest area in which to live. We cans stand improvements, and we should fight always for better things.

In our fight for progress, if It means that one prospers at the expense of another, then it Is not progress. Progress comes when all of us can enjoy the fruits of our labors.

Yes. there is nothing wrong with Easteni North Carolina that better education, a higher standard of living, and greater industrial development cannot correct.

On that thesis we stand.

These figures, compiled by M. M. Chambers for the Joint Office of Institutional Research, are based on approp-riatiwis of state tax funds for operating expenses only. They do not include reappropriated income from tuitions, dormitories, athletic events, or other auxiliary enterprises.

The increase in the South and the nation is impressive, but it is not keeping up with the financial prssure exerted on public education all over the nation, and particularly in the South.

Tax support for the region state universities, for example. has increased 80 per cent in the past six years, five per cent less than the national average for state universities.

Appropriations to such complex state universities as the University of Texas ($36.609,-000), the Consolidated University of North Ciarolina ($34,-909,000), and the University of Florida ($31,000.000) are sizable, but still Inadequate.

These universities and their sister institutions In o t h r states are experiencing both mushrooming enrollments and new demands for service. They are being urged to create or expasideraduate and professional rapidly

possible to produce ifiSn^wer with advanced education for new industry and scientific development In the South. This education Is the most expensive and mo^ complicated to provide.

According to Joint Office of Institutional Research, more than 55 per cent of all doctorate degrees are now awarded by state universities. The cost of graduate education and the generally heavier emphasis OTi science and technology bear increasingly hard on the university budget.

Already the bind Is reflected in the average appropriation figures per student for all public institutions of the South. In spite of increased total tax support, average per student appropriations dropped rom $756 in 1961-62 to $743 in 1962-63 in the Southern .states.

By 1975 Southern tax - supported institutions alone will enroll more .students than the total now attending college In the region.

And so appropriations mu.st continue to grow to provide the kind and amount of higher education the South needs.

Eight Southern leglslatu res are now convening. Its a safe bet that when they consider budget requests for higher education theyll hear a familiar plea for more money. The reasons supporting the pleas w'Ul be too pervasive for progressive states to ignore.

Solvec.

:'ssue

Of Feai

By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN

C(Hi>yriht, 1964, King Features Syndicate. Inc.

Some time ago, when I took notice In tiis column of the fears of those pe>le who did not wish to see the Ctmsoli-dated Edison Company of New Yoiik build a nuclear po w e r plant in the p(g>ulous Ravens-wood section ol Queen* County, I got a caU frwn a very temperate gentleman named Max M. Ulrich who works for Cot Ed. Honestly, he said, our cmnpany can assure you that it has no desir whatsoever to kill ot poi-SOT Us customers. If we are not convinced that it J* absolutely safe to build an atom-le plant in New York Clty,^ we wOTt do it.

Mr, Ulrich then told me of an alternative proposition that the Consolidated Edison Company was entertaining, t h e news of which broke the other day. The alternative preposition was to take between 2 million and 4.5 milUon kilowatts of electric power from a huge new hydroelectric development In the wilds of Labrador, some 700 miles to^he northeast of Montreal. Behind this propositiai there is a story that should hearten every true friend of private enterprise, for it proves that great power developments do not have to wait upon the creation of such governmental devices as the TVA to come to fruition.

The man who began It was, true enough, a politician, Mr. J. R. Smallwood, the Premier of the (Canadian Province of Newfoundland, which al.so Includes Labrador. Prem 1 e r Smallwood had often marveled at the great rush of water that was going to waste as it plunged over Hamilton Palls in Labrador. There, at a site which the Indians call the narrow place where the waters fall, there was enough potential power, when supplemented by a channel scheme designed to make use of other drops In the Hamilton River bed, to provide 6 or 7 mlUiOT hp. of electricity. Obviously, there wasnt enough tax Income In all of Newfoundland and Labrador to support a public power project at Hamilton Falls, and the Newfoundland government could hardly guarantee a bonded debt^blg enough to finance it. In fact, Mr. Smallw o o d discovered that the whole of Canada would not yield him the requisite risk capital for the scheme he had In mind.

To form the B(^tish Newfoundland Corporation, Ltd., known as Brinco, Mr. Smallwood persuaded Edmund de Rothschild, of the fam o u s international banking fami 1 y recently celebrated In a bestselling book, to put together a consortium capable of provjd-mg theJI50 million needed to finance the ^roelectric plajit and high voltage transmission lines. The Rothschild name brought in a grpup of well-heeled shareholding companies, ranging from Rio Tinto of Great Britain to Anglo-American Corp. of South Africa, and from the Bowater Corp. to the Suez Canal Comp any. These names guaranteed that the public would re.spond and buy its own common share.s. The decision of Consolida ted Edison to build its own connecting high voltage trans-mis.sion system and take aU the pow'er that could be spared to it for New York City made the whole project Immediately practicable.

It was once said of the State of Maine that It was the only place In the United States In which the pioneer.s moved east. The glory of the Brinco development In Labrador Is that it extends this eastward direction of pioneering. When Premier Smallwood was growing up. New'foundland and ba-brador compri.sed a backward region In which a few sparse settlements lived precariosly on fish, But with electric power to spare, there will be pulp and paper mills, asbestos manufacturing plants, copper and gold mining, new technical schools, and renewed life In the fisheries to turn Newfoundland into a have province. And young people. Instead of deserting to Toronto or Otta-(Continued on Page 8)

3oom. But Not To An Extreme^

Strength For To(day

Bv EARL L. DOUGI.AS.S LOsi\(i LIFE AND FINDING IT

We are constantly reminding ourselves th^t sequence Is an important factor ip the living of a good life. In other words, we must learn the relative value of good things and put the best thing first. Nothing is more ruinous to our souls than to put mere good things before the he.s^ things,

Jesu.< was con.stantly emphasizing the Importance of family life, yet he .said that he had come "to set a man at variance against his father, and the daughter aganiM her mother, and flie daughter in-lnw asaln.*:! her mofher-in-law .He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthv of me; and he that loveth .von or dauKhler more ihnn me Ls not worthy' of me" (Matt. 10.35-37).

How strange all these utterances. But there we see drawn with that vividness which characterized our Lord's gift of expression that the placing of good things before best things Is ruinous. Precious as home life is, it Is not as precious as the making of those decisions which will cause the soul to find its home In the life of God. Important as most of life's relationahlps are. they are not as Important as the relationship which the creature must have with the Creator if he Is to live in the sense God wants him to live.

For uu1p*s we live in that sense putting God. His will His purpose.s, Hls.s righteous-nes.s - first, then we live in vain. He that fludeth his life shall lose'it; and he that los-eth hl< life for my .'=ake shall And it" (Matt.-10:39).

By ELMER ROESSNER Business will boom in 1964, but not as much as some of the prophets and industrialists have been predicting.

Every yeax, businessmen and economists give their estimates of conditions during the 12 months ahead. These usually tend to be bullish, especially those of corporation heads. A comparty president predicting slow times Is laying his bead on the chopping block.

There are other temptations. The more favorable forecasts get the biggest headlines and the most time on the air.

But this year whether the temptations are strwiger or the competition greater the forecasts have been rosier than ever.

Sure. 1964 will be a good year. It will probably be better than 1963. But there will be humps and quiggles, dips and hairpin curves.

The year will be beat for tho.se who work hardest in sell-and Imagination.

OTIIFR J.(R)K-\I(FADS Here air more /orerasts: lilgber roasumer prices: The

cost of living will rise during the year, slowly unless there is an extraordinary shot of inflation. The rise in food prices will be moderate and, with good weather, many may be lower than In 1963, Durable goods will rise very little, except where wage increase^ push them up. The biggest gains will be in services, notable in medical and hospital cai-e and tn commuing and other forms of transportatiOT. Educational costs will continue their upward swing. Housing costs, either in rentals or pui*schases, will move up slightly. Clothing co.sts will be up fractionally. Taxes will rise. There may be some cuts in the Federal Income and corporation tax RATES, but owing to higher incomes and Increases in .state and local taxes and rises in hidden taxes, the total tax payments of alma^t everyone iTding this w1U be higher. Exception: those who die, RKi OIL OF TAX (TTS Higher Interest rates^ Most authoritie.s. including William McCbesney Martin, chairman

of the Federal Reserve Board, have said that Federal tax cuts will lead to higher Interest rates. The reason: the cuts will lead to deficits, which must be met by borrowing. To Increase borrowing, the government will have to edge up the interest it pays and that, in turn, will push up Interest rates generally.

More goM drain: Almo.st heroic efforts have slowed the flow of gold from the nited States to foreign ownership, but it w1U resume this year. One of the major reasons is the increase in esfabll<*lng American plants in foreign countries. Building these requires dollars, convertible into gold. Eventual proftts. of cour.se. may reverse the flow. But that Is years ahead.

Rise In retail sales; This will happen automatically if the business boom continues. In fact, if retail sales continue to rise, the busines.s boom will automatically proceed. How'ev-er, the rise In .sales will be moderate and so. as noted above, will be (he business

boom.

OLD PROMOTER PROJECTS INTERCTIANGEABLE SIGNS It looks like a year to get my Interchangeable Signs Co. into operation," the Old Promoter said when he dropped In today and read a bit over my shoulder.

Your what?

My Interchangeable S^s Company, I said. I want to organize a corporation to manufacture picket signs that can be interchanged,

One series of signs wlH have big letters saying, 'Strike!' and there will be sice below It for the name of the company. Another set wUl say, Go Home. and there will be space to letter In Reds, Algerians,* Yanks or what ywi will. Then we will have a lot saying Vote for, and the marcher can change pictures whenever ha changes his mind, Furthermore, I plan to offer pay-as-you-picket terms. 90-day ln.stalment and trade-in plans.

I dont see how the Old Promoter can losel