Tuesday, November 12, 1963

Future Value In Set Back Lines^

Th^ Deserve Publicity, Too!

New set back lines established for Greenvilles business districts by the City Council will prove of inestimable value to the city and^ its citizens in years to come.

The long-delayed set back requirement is one which at some future date will mean that many of the narrow streets in business sections of the city can be widened by at least 20^ feet, and that ample rights-of-way can be acquired for many of the primary and secondary traffic arteries through the city. There will be no over-night changes in the streets in the'citys business areas because of the new ordinance enacted last week. But as old buildings are torn down or remodeled, they will be set back. In time this process will make available the area that will be needed for wider streets. ...

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1 ne riouse i nai -.ucifer Bul

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES

MUSEUM Someday it may be called the house that Lucifer built.

Right now it is dusty, musty and the wooden floor creaks In the old annex of the Agriculture Building housing the states Museum of Natural History. And Lucifer id dead.

Entrance is by a side door. But perhaps more visitors, more thatn 200,000 of them annually, tour the museum in __the Agriculture annex than visit any other state-sponsored educational and cultural exhibit or facility in Raleigh.

It is twice as popular as the Hall of History and attracts more than three times the number of visitors as the costly, luxurious State Art Museum. Both these have far bigger budgets and marbled balls and floors,

POPULAR Most of the visitors to the Museum of Natural History are school children. They come by bu.s loads from all over the state from September through May to visit the state capital and the museums exhibits of stuffed birds, fish and wildlife, live reptiles, rocks and minerals rank first of the lists of thi:;gs to see.

They troop excitedly through the three floors of exhibits and dispb^ys, curious and fascinated by the studies and collections assembled with a masters touch and limited budget by veteran director Harry Davis.

WORK What Davis has done over the years to build and Improve the Natural History museum with limited resources and staff Is a subject of frank admiration in Raleigh Officialdom.

One budget official calls Davis a genius in this type of work. He has worked tirelessly for 2R years and has not been one to complain. He is proud of the Museums popularity and appeal especially to children and tries to overlook the fact that the facility is suffering from wear and tear.

State Agriculture Commissioner L. Y. <Stag( Ballentine, head of the department which Includes the Museum, says Davis has served the public more unselfishly than any person I know. If he were to leave, I have no idea who could replace him.

Ballentine adds that Davis even published a pamphlet on North Carolina birds at his own expense. In 26 years as director. Davis has not asked for a raise. His budget requests always are modest.

LUCIFER The great popu larity of the Maseum of Natural History during the past two years must be attributed In part at least to a wicked-looking big diamondback rattlesnake out of a Pender County swamp.

This was Lucifer, .so named by Davis becau.se he was so devilish in temperament. The rattlesnake became, the star attraction of the museum and was kept in the first big gls^s

cage in the reptile ro<^ with a pencilled note on the glass reading Lucifer. He buzzed his rattles so viciously at visitors that he broke them off, and finally ended his life with a prolonged hunger strike.

Nothing in the museums history attracted visitors like Lucifer. And the throngs of visitors added to the problems of the museums custodial staff and called attention to neglect and nmdowTi condition of the museum itself.

A Raleigh ne"editorially that no matter what the reason, the dilapidated state of the State Museum of Natural History is a disgrace to North Carolina. It Is also a disappointment to thousands of youngsters and their parents w'ho annually visit the museum,

STAFF Ballentine concedes that the Museum of Natural History has been hindered by budget and staff problems.

He points out that the Museum has been operating each year on a budget essentially the same as that when it was re-opened after an addition to the Agriculture Building In 1955. At that time, he said, about $50.000 was needed to restore the museum properly but that only about $10,000 was available for the job.

For more than 10 years we have been trying to fill necessary staff positions with competent ner.sonnel. Ballentine says. But we have found that the'salaries are far from adequate,

^ Fourteen months ago. the museum obtained the services of brilliant young biologist Dr. David Adams and he gave the museum a big assist during its Lucifer hey-day. But Adams now has moved over to the C&D department to become the new state fisheries commisslo n e r Thus the museum staff Is down to two men, a secretary, receptionist and two custodians.

BUDGET The 1963 General Assembly approved the hiring of a taxidermist for the museum at a salary of $4,860' a year, but the past has not been filled.

This was the only Item requested for the Museums B budget, covering new services or improvements. The Agricultural Department submit ted A budget requests of only $870 for supplies and materials and $355 for general expense for the museum. And the budget commls.s!on and the legislature approved every penny requested in a totar budget of $47.627. In contrast, the A r t Mo.seum has a budget of $224,-197.

Officials have been predicting something will be done about the Natural History Museum. And. for a .start, the Council of State did something this week.

At Ballentines request. It approved $6.500 from contingency and emergency funds to provide a lecture room and other minor Imnrovements and repairs.

Davis could almost say, thanks, Lucifer.

It has been a decade since the proposition of establishing set back lines in the city's business district was first considered by Greenvilles governing board. The matter has come up on several occasions during the period, but not until now has the City Council taken positive action to establish such set back lines.

This step which has now been taken by the Council is a far-sighted move which will prove a valuable asset to Greenville in future years. It will not solve all the problems of congested traffic, too-narrow streets in the business district as the city and its number of motor vehicles continue to grow. It will, however, provide in time for much more ample street widths than Greenville now has in its business areas. More than that, it will help prevent olheF areas now in* vilfiaus stages of -development R? commercial property from being handicapped with streets far too narrow to handle the traffic which .will flow over them.

It will be many years before the city enjoys the wider streets which will eventually emerge as a result of the action taken by the City Council last week. But unless a start were madeas the Council has now doneit would be folly even to dream of a day when Greenvilles business areas would have the wider streets so sorely needed.

Court Takes Up Vital

Apportionment Case

The Daily Reflector

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The U.S. Supreme Court begins today consideration of a case which may determine whether only population factors may be considered in apportioning representation in state legislatures. The decision ' which is ultimately reached by the high tribunal on this question will have a direct effect upon every state government in the nation.

No one can say with any degree of certainty how the court will rule in this historic case. It is the first time the Supreme Court has consented to hear a case* concerning the representation in state legislatures. It stems, of course, from the contention of urban areas that population alone should determine how legislative representation in the states is apportioned.^- -

Should the court rule in favor of those "who say only population must be considered, provisions of many state constitutions will be overthrown. Such a ruling would also cast a serious shadow over the federal constitutional provision that sets up repre? sentation in the House and Senate of the U.S. Congress.

Perhaps it is significant that the Justice Department has entered the case as a friend of the court and will argue that factors other than population should be considered in apportioning representation in state legislatures.

It is extremely unlikely, in our opinion, that the Supreme Court will come to the conclusion that only population should be considered in state legislative representation. After all, the federal constitution specifically says that each state, regardless of size, shall have two members in the Senate. It also sets forth state representation in the House of Representatives according to the population of the state. Thus Congress is composed of one house in which each state has the same number of representatives and one house in which each state has representatives allocated according to its population.

Unless the high court is prepared to strike down the federal constitutional provisions providing for representation of the states in Congress, it is difficult to see how it might rule that only population can be considered in the make-up of state legislatures.

Nixon Knows

policy

BY JOHN CHAMBERLAIN

By ART BUCHWALD

Save Those Redskins

Last week Attorney General Robert Kennedy finaUy indicated he was concerned as to what was happening to the Washing-Um Redskins football team. He., discussed the problem at length with Bobby Mitchell, the Redskin end flanker, and said he would like to help In ansrway he could.

For years people In Washington have been begging the Attorney General to step in and do something about the Redskins. Next to the 88th Congress, the Redskins have been the most consistent losers In Washington, and it has been most embarrassing for people In the nations capitol to see them go down to defeat week after week.

If the Attorney General 1* really serious about helping, there Is a great deal he could accomplish. By using the powers of the Department of Jus

tice he could turn the tid^^-bver-night.

Here are some of the things he could do:

Make National League coaches open up their files to Bill McPeak, the Redskin coach, 48 hours before kickoff time.

Order the FBI to wake up opposing football players at thi^e oclock in the morning for questioning the day before the game.

Permit wire tapping. Tap the phone lines of the opposition team during the game to give the Redskins inside information

Other Editors Saying.. Concertina For China

(Christian Science Monitor)

Generals Face

Other Problems

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (APi - The generals in South Viet Nam solved one set of problems when they threw out President Ngo Dlnh Diem and his trouble.some brother, Ngo Dinh Nuh, both of whom were killed. But there are others.

The brothers, after nine years In power, never solved them. Now its the turn of the generals who are running the country. Will they be able to:

Steer it in a democratic direction? Diem didnt. His was a dictatorship. Wage successful war against the Communists? Diem didnt. Avoid conflicts, intrigues, jealousies, explosions? Diem didnt.

Will the gnerals, through reforms and programs of benefit, be able to give the masses of Viet Nam a reason for caring who wins: Diem didnt. The mass of the 17 million Vietnamese live in enormous and primitive poverty.

Buddhists make up 70 per cent of the population, Roman Catholics 10 per cent. Catholic Diem repressed the Buddhists. Will the Buddhists tryp to retaliate against Catholics now for what Diem did? Its a haunting possibility.

Diem began his repressions In May when his government troops, firing on a Buddhist demonstration In Hue, killed nine people. The Buddhist had been complaining that Diem was discriminating against them.

-This could not be blamed the Catholic ^urch. In the-tortured and gory months that followed the May shootings. Pope Paul VI expressed apprehension and anguish over the situation.

But the shootings brought the Buddhists, complaints to a head They demanded improved social and economic status.

And then, as if he had listened to a voice coming to him over more -than 400 years, a 73-year-old Buddhist priest. Qu-ang Due, drenched in gasoline, lit a match and burned him* self to death in protest against Diems policies.

In England 400 years ago. Catholic Quern Mary set out to repres.s the Poi1est.ants. One of their leaders. Bishop Hugh Latimer, was cwdenmed to , death by burning at the stake

As he walked to his death at Oxford in 1555 he said we shall this day light such a candle, by God's grace, as shall never be put out. It wasnt When the Protestants regained power, they persecuted the Oatholics.

The burning monk In Viet Nam shocked the world, pointed up for all to see as perhaps nothing else could the dil-emna of the Buddhists, and encouraged other Buddhists to sacrifice themselves, oo.

Seven of them made candles of themselves before the generals devastated Diem abd his brother Nov. 1.

The Vietnamese people never have known democracy,

- They moved from French colonialism into Diems dictatorship, Since they never had a chance to practice It, it cant mean to them what it does to those who grew up under it.

It can be no surprise then if the generals ignore the democratic road and operate as a dictatorship. If so, there can be no surprise If the country sinks Into chaos under the weight o( new repressions and power struggles.

Since the people are relieved to be free of Diem, the generals for a while at least are likely to have the country behind them and be able to fight a good war against the Communist guerrillas.

At a news conference in September. President Kennedy siad: We are for those things which help win the war...He ^as fed* up with Diem. The geperals looked like a fresh start.

This explains why the Kennedy admlnistratlOTi. within seven days of the coup, recognized Viet Nams provisional military government and why It hesitates so much In recognizing Latin American military coups which crush democratic regimes.

But viotory iu the field against the .Communists is'not final victory. The Communists In North Viet Nam will try other methods, promising always a better life to the mass--4JS of Viet Nam.

ibr new govcninient In Viet Nam, even if It wins the fighting war. will have to find an answer to offsot the Communist (Continued on Page 5)

It now seems increasingly unlikely that world Communist leaders gathered In Moscow this week for the anniversary of the October Revolution wiU be publicly called on to read mainland China out of the world Communist movement. Such a move had seemed a possibility at the fiercest moments of recrimina-tiwi between Moscow and Peking during the past few months: but now the signs are that CJhairman Khrushchev will limit his anti-Chinese activities among his guests to lobbying for the Soviet cause.

Should he so inhibit himself, his restraint would be tactical. The division between him and Chairman Mao in Peking Is too deep for any lasting accomodation to be likely and in any case, each continues vicariously to growl (if not roar) at the other. What, then, has caused Mr. Khrushchev either to mute his twies to to soften temporarily his Intentions? There are a number of possible reasons.

First, there Is the Instinctive feeling in Communist, parties elsewhere in the world that irrespective of their bias toward either Moscow or Peking, the open and savage struggle between those two centers of Communist doctrine only gladdens the imperialists. Even as un-Chinese a Communist party as that in Poland has reportedly made representations to the Kremlin to have the Moscow - Peking crossfire slackened. If not ended.

The Chinese and their allies, notably those in North Korea, have been exploiting to the full this laten conviction of Com-mimists almost everywhere that the first tenet of their faith should be to maintain unity. Mr, Khrushchev was bowing In this direction when he said ten days or so ago: (We) now c(hi-sider that the most sensible thing would be for the socialist countries and the Communist and workers parties to end the polemics between Communist parties to the interest of strengthening the unity of all socialist countries and the international Communist movement.

Second, the Soviet Premier ha.s probably recognized that while he can count on the continued support of the Communist parties to both Eastern and Western Europe where economic well - being to very-Ing degree robs Chinas strident revolutionary call of some of its. edge the smaller and deprived parties of Asia, and to a lesspF extent of both Latin America and Africa, might prove more susceptible to Chair man Maos wooing. A popularity contest based on the counting of heads among the present world party leadership could aU to easily be misleading. (Woven into this, too. is the sensitive cqrd of race.)

Mr, Khrushchevs policy has, always been to zlg and zag. to open the concertina and then squeeze it shut. This he' has long done with the West. Apparently he is doing the same with the Chinese.

on plays.

Require all persons who come to scout the Redskin team in Washington to register as foreign agents.

Bring anti-trust actions against the Cleveland Browns and the New York Giants and make them break up their backfields.

Give as much protectiwi to Norman Snead, the Redskin quarterback, as the Justice Department gave to Joseph Valachi.

If opposititm lines wont open up for running plays, get court orders from Federal judges to allow backs to go through.

If lines still refuse to open up, send to Deputy Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach with armed Federal marshals.

Hold anyone who scores against the Washington redskin* to contempt of court.

Fingerprint Y. A. Tittle, New York Giant quarterback, so his hands will be greasy .and he cant throw the ball.

' Issue a restraining order prohibiting any dfensive back from interfering with Bobby Mitchell while Jies trying to catch a pass.

Automatically appeal any penalty against the Washington Redskins to the Supreme Court.

Plant undercover FBI agits to the oppositions huddles and on the left side of the line.

Investigate the Income tax return of any player who tries to score a field goal.

Announce that anyone who makes a touchdown against the Redskins can be prosecuted under the Mann Act for c.arry-Ing a pigskin acrass a goal line for immoral purposes.

These are only a few of the things the Attorney General can do if he really wants to help Washtogtcms home team.

Nobody likes government Interference, but In this case the scoring rights of the Redskins have been so blatantly violated that the Justice Dep^ment has every legal reason to step to.

Opinions In Brief

A president of the United States, traveling abroad, ha* problems the average tourist doesnt. But at least he doesnt have to worry about persuading somebody to take his picture. Asheville Citizen.

Copyright. 1963. King Feature* Syndicate. Inc.

The persistence with whldi RepuUlcans who want a middle sort of candidate, are men-ti(mtog the name (tf Nixon can be explained in two ways, one favorable to Goldwater, on* not. "

The proOoldwater analysis-stresses the alleged poverty and* lack of oomph of an opppritiijii thfit mukt' turn to aometx^ who lost two big - time contests, one for the Presidency and one for govemcM: of California, all within the space ol two years. According to this line of thought, Romney, Scranton, General day and Nel^ son Rockefeller. himself have already been tried and founcl wanting. So who-is left but Nixon as a last, forlorn gasp of desperation?

If this ia all there is to the Nixon boom, then thr Gold-wateritee can count their man In. But the surprising thing ia that the name of Nix<m la brought forth over and over again in anything but f(Hloni accents. He is menti(med as a proven campaigner who, ai-^ ter aU, was defeated in 1969" by a few doubtful votes. TIM Nixcxi fans insist on the positive appeal oi their man, and they argue that it could be all the stronger to 1964 because Kennedy, as the "to, will have to defend some shaky policies.

Whether this way of thinking Is valid or not, tiie Gold-waterltes had better proceed on the assumption that Nixon Is far from being a paper tiger. The man has many thinge going for him, particularly when it comes to the discussion 0 foreign policy. No-one who has talked with Nixon on the subject of the Cold War. or the troubles of the captive nations of eastern Eui> ope, or the failure of our policies in Cuba and Latin America. can fail to be impressed with the mans detailed knowledge of international affairs.

If Kennedy should stumble in his efforts to make "peace* a viable Democratic slogan for 1964, Nixon would assuredly able to wring every last ounce out of the failure.

This is not to say that Baiv ry Goldwater has a defective grasp of foreign policy mat- ters. But in this particular area he has had the habit oi tossing things off with a sentence. Ctoe knows what he thinks on a number of things, but one Is not aware of the processes of investigation and reasoning that led to his conclusions.

Both Nixon and Goldwater, me feels sure, have identical (^ini(H)s about the character of Khrushchev, or the danger of resting any real hopes on the test baa, or the wickedness of letting Fidel Castro get away with his' contemptuous anti - U. S. line. But, where Nixtm can always point to a position paper to the form of an interview, or a speech, or a Saturday Evening P(t article to sustain an opinion, Goldwater has had to fall back 1 a categorical reply.

Bob Taft was to something of the same fix wh^ he was first mentioned for the presidential nomination. Because his record had been made largely on domestic matters, he seemed open to the charge oi being an isolationist to foreign p<v licy. Of course he was anything but an Isolationist, and he eventually got around to publishing a small book on hi* foreign policy views. It did him no great amount of good, or the Republicans of the Fortle* and Fifties were to the grip of their "liberal peychosle and correspondingly anxious to find an unquestioned "liberal* symbol. Goldwater Is to a better posltlra than Taft for the simple TCBSoa that It Is no long- er considered a mark of the beast to be a conservative. But he has yet to "position'* himself fully on foreign policy.'

There are reports that the Goldwaterites are moving to remedy matters to this areas. Some solid academicians whs do not fall for the "be nice to Khrushchev and he win end the Cold War line are being recruited to provide background for Goldwater if and when he calls for It. These academicians Include Dr. Robert Strausz - Hupe of the University of Pramsylvanla and (Continued on Page I)

High Interest Rotes Staying Up

By EIJVIER ROESSNER

Many people are puzzled because interest rates are so high today. The puzzle is compounded by the fact that there seems to be so much money lying around. Wages, prices, spendings and savings all seem to be rising. Unions rarely take a cut because the employer cant get more money by raising pri--eee. Mora than ever. Is being. Invested to paintings and other art objects, in stamps, to boats, to summer homes and to jewelry.

While money seems to grow on all but elm trees, interest rates keep going up.

Savings and loan associations pay up to 5 per cent interest on deposits: banks pay up to 4*2 per cent.

-Loans command higher rates. Mortgages cost 8 to 10 per cest and sometimes more; some business loans cost 10 to 15 per cent and sometim^ more: some volvlng credit is about 18 per cent a year; .small loans cost up to 24 per cent and many are higher.

BIG ( HANIIE

Back in the 19;in.s. hank.s paid as little as one per cent; mort

gages were easy to get at 4 per cent. Small loans, however, were still pretty high.

What happened is this: In the Depression years, the government found that it could control interest rates. So to make money easier to get for starting new businesses, for expanding established businesses, restoring the farm economy, boosting, the stock market and to encourage home biflldlng^," the Federal Reserve Bank and the Treasury forced interest rates down.

The Federal Reserve cut the rate at which it loaned money to member banks. The rate was as low as 2 per cent in 1933, down to per cent from 1934 to 1937 and then down to 1 per cent until 1948. Thereafter it rose fractitmally and reached 2 per cent to 1955 and 3^ per cent in 1959, where with minor variations it has been since.

When banks could borrow money at low rates, they were eager to lend it at only slightly higher rates. But when rates went up. they charged more. treasubV iiEi.rs

Meanwhile^ the Treasury kept

its Interest rate low by buying back bonds when they sank below par. That is, if $100 bonds paying 2 per cent sank below the fixed point, say $98, the Treasury would buy them up, thereby pushing the interest rate down to 2 per cent.

Why, many ask, doesnt the government do the same thing today? If mortgage money was forced down to 4 per cent, wouldnt- it boom home, building? Wouldnt it encourage new businesses and business expan-si(Hi. all creating more jobs?

It would. But the government apparently believes the cure, at this point, would be woree than the disease. For one thing. It might create a runaway boom in the stock market. If the interest rate were pegged at 2 per cent, stocks yicldtof 4 or 5 per cent would tend to double in price. For another thing, it would discourage saving; it would upset savings and loan associations; it would embarrass banks that have widely branched out.

WOULD SPEED GOLD DRAIN But the gravest danger would

lie in the fact that a sharp

cut l3 Interest rates nbw would

cause a flight of capital. Few pecqile would leave their money invested in American aen-uriUes or deposited to American banks if the yield wu only around 2 per cent. They would try to shift thetr investments , to other countries where they can get 4 or 5 per cent right now and perhaps 8 per cent to Japan. y

Fore^ toveeton, diesstts-. fled, with their esmtoi^. would withdraw their investments. The fact that an interest rate pegged at 2 per cent would tend to double the value of stocks would tempt .Uiem to cash to their gains and Invest elsewhere.

Capital so flowing out of the country could, through the international banking S3^m, become demands on the tihited States gold supply. The U. 8. would have to surrender more gold. Its hoard Is how down to less than $16 billion. A flight of capital could threaten the mandatory reserve against currency. This would necessi tate an embargo on gold, which would, mean abdication .erf America's financial leaders hip of the Western World.

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