Wednesday, Octooer 16, 1963

Such A Modem Car

Increasing Pressure On * Tobacco ^

Pitt County, like other areas of North Carolina in which tobacco provides for a large part of the agricultural or industrial income, should face up to the fact that changing times might be aheid.

Pressure on the tobacco industry has been on the increase for years as time and again reports have reputedly tied cigarette, smoking to cancer; There has been a resurgence of this pressure within the past year, and there is little sign that it will abate,

in the near future. , .

So far there has been no visible sign that the publicity linking cigarette smoking to cancer has caused a decline in tobacco consumption. Indeed, the statistics indicate"tobacco consumption is on the rise in the United States and in other nations as well.

It would be folly, however, to assume there are no trouble signs on the horizon. Perhaps the most significant of these at the moment is the federal

government report on the possible connectiotr h tween cigarette smoking and cancer which is slated for release later this year. For months there has been rumors which say the report tie tobacco with cancer. How serious an effect such an official statement by federal health authorities would have upon the tobacco industry remains to be^aeen. It could hardly be expected to do anything except discourage the use of tobacco. ' ' *

:Gne Victory On

;Re-Districtina

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES

KEY Supporters of Senate redistrictlng without a constitutional amendment won a key victory in a showdown on rules in the first hah hour of the General Assemblys historic special sessiwi.

It put the matter of constituting the Senate as a committee of the whole in the hands of a simple majority.

This was vital insofar as hopes of Senate approval of a redistricting bill without a c<mi-atitutional amendment was concerned. It blocked a move to shunt all redistricting le,gis-lation to Sen.'Staton Williams committee oh*" Election Laws and Legislative Representation where the deadlock occurred during the regular session.

The victory was achieved in adoption of a rules change approved by Sen. Ralph ^otts Rules committee first in an unofficial straw vote and then in a hurried called meeting shortly after the Senate convened.

RULES Without the rules, change, it would have required a two - thirds vote in the Senate to consider redistricting as a committee of the whole and thus keep it out of Williams' committee.

It would also- have required two - thlrcks to get a redistricting bill out of Williams committee and supporters of redistrict now legislation fall short of having two-thirds of the upper chamber votes.

So the rules change coming In motion by Scott was a crucial test at the outset o the special session. It may well have been the most important test of the session.

Scott cwivened his 16-member Rules committee in an " unofficial meeting 30 minutes before the special session convened at noon. He asked for a show of hands as an indication on the matter of a rules change to restrict the business of the special session to redistricting and to allow the Senate, upon vote of a simple ma jority, to sit as a. committee of the whole.

This, Scott, "would expedite things and said he would report the result of the straw vote to the floor. The rules change carried by a vote of on a show of hand.s.

FLOORS Both Sens. Cicero Yow of Now Hanover iaL Tom White of Lenoir objectt'd in the committee that the committee at that point was not legally constituted and that the Atraw vote would be meaningless. -

They voted against the rules change along with Williams and Sens. Adam Whitley. Ray Walton and R. E. Brantley.

' The show'down came when Scott submitted the report to the floor moments after the Senate convened and new Sen. Joe K. Byrd of Burke County, succeeding resigned Sen. H. J. Hatcher, was sworn In.

White arose to oppose Scotts 'motion, pointing out that the proposed change came n o t UTI .......

from the Rules committee but from a meeting at which a straw vote was taken. He argued that the proper order of committee consideration

should be followed, saying he did not think the Senate could act advantageously on various redistricting prop o s a 1 s while sitting as a committee of the whole. Sen. Luther Hamilton of Carteret took issue with Whites stand, saying he would see no useful purpose at all in sending redistrictlng-bills to a committee,. "t h n brought back to be hashed over again.

Seconds before the vote. White addressed the chair and said he assumed that under rules of parliamentary procedure Scotts motion would re--quire a two - thirds vote.

STONE The standing vote was 29-17 and Senate president T. Clarence Stone announced that the motion failed to carry.

Upon inquiry. Stone said the chair had ruled that Scotts motion required two - thirds, I ray b wrong. Stone said, and added that he could be overruled (which also re-quires a two - thirds vote.)

* The chair has to play it by ear.

There was some hesitation and uncertainty. Scott arose, conceding he was no parliamentarian and said his purpose was to try to take a short cut and expedite things. He contended, however, that changing the 1963 rules took only a simple majority. Stone called Secretary of State Thad Eure, a master parliamentarian, to the dais.

CHANGE - Sen. Perry Martin of Northampton then offered a motion that the Senate dissolve itself into a committee of the whole as a temporary rule of this special session. Stone called a recess. Stone, Eure, Martin, White. Scott and several others conferred at the dais. By this time however, Scott decided on an alternate course of action.

When Stone called the Senate to order again, "Martin withdrew his motion and Scott rose to call a meeting of the Ru1p.5 committee immediately in the comer right over there. He asked for a brief recess, which Stone refused. Scott, however, called his committee together in its nearby room and again put the rules change before It. It won approval this time 9-4, and Scott reported it to the floor as a formal action of the rules committee. This carried a simple majority and the change was approved quickly then on voice vote.

BILL The way w'as clear. After joint session with the House to hear Gov. Terry Sanfords brief address. Sen. Lindsay Warren Jr. of Wayne sent up the consensus re-hstricting bill for Senate consideration and debate as a committee of the whole.

It was .sisTied by 30 .senators a significant /lumber.

There are also little signs popping up here and there, indicating increased pressures against tobacco consumption. There was the story last*week of the drug chain which was removing cigarettes troip its display shelves and advertising in a deliberate effort to discourage customer purchases pj^^he items.

No one can say for sure how the tobacco industry will be affected in the next several years by changing public attitudes toward its product. It is a certainty, however, that a wave of adverse public reaction to tobacco products would strike at the very economic heart of Pitt and other easteni counties as it would at counties in which the cigarette manufacturing plants are large employers.

The uncertainty of the situation in future years offers another sound and urgent reason f<3r Pitt to push forward with its programs for gaining more industrial jobs and broadening the base of its agricultural economy.

West Germany Sees

End Of Adenauer Era

Today marks the end of an era for post-war West Germany as its only chancellor in 14 years relinquishes the reins of leadership to somewhat younger hands.

The 87-year-old Konrad Adenauer, during his 14 years as head of the West German government, assumed a position of influence in world affairs which few people have thought possible at the end of World War II. Under his leadership, and with the help of w*estern nations, We.st Germany has rebuilt from the devastation of World War II the most vigirous economy in Europe. In spite of its former position as a captive nation less than two decades ago, it is now one of the most formidable of the western nations confronting communist aspirations to push their influence eastward across Europe.

What West Germany has been able to accomplish in the years sihce World War II must, of coupe be attributed in large measure to the determination of its people to rebuild their homeland. Certainly the aid received from the United States made much of the rebuilding and revitalization of the country's economy possible. But even these factors, without the catylist provided by the Adenauer leadership, would have left West Germany far short of its present position.

During his term of office the elderly chancellor has not seen the realization of his dream of a reunited Germany. It will likely be many yea.rs before the world sees this dream come true, and at his present age it is doubtful that Adenauer will live to see East and'West Germany re-united under one German government.

But even without the realization of this goal, Konrad Adenauer has provided a calibre of leadership that has moved West Germany from its knees to its feet again. His influence has been felt throughout the Western world he has determinedly joined hands with other Western nations to stop the spread of communism across Europe.

esson

Jround

In India

By WICK TEMPLE

How Orval Was Tamec.

LITTLE ROCK, Ark. (AP)

You get a frantic phone call at the office from your extra frantic wife, who says, Well, they just got Orval.

In addition to anger and concern, you are filled with curiosity, The methods they might use for getting Orval are important because you_ have never been able to get him yourself,

How did they get him? I asked.

They shot him. He has three bullet holes in his side. You are enraged. You call the sheriff and get him on the way to extract three bullets from the side of a brown and tan, sway - backed, cross-eyed, lop-eared, bow - legged dog.

who should have happened to someone e.lse.

It turned out Orval hadnt been shot. The vet said he had been in an argument with another dog. Seventeen stitches put him back tolfether and ran his repair bill past $50.

two weeks earlier he had caught a Volkswagen. After stitching, he appeared to have been cut in half and put back together, and he still looks that way.

Orval spent his first s i x months as a free agent in Gay Woods. Finally he made his way to the city and was about to be impounded when we gave him refuge. He made a fine pet. He was gentle and playful. But he never lost the wild-.ids. youth.

Other Editois..Saying -Public Accomodations

(Christian Science Monitor)

Want Decision

At Local Levels

BY J .W. DAVIS

and traffic law violations than those who havent had it.

The Daily Reflector

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WASHINGTON (AP) Over the weekend, the National Education Association came out against the practice of state legislatures requiring high schools to provide driver training.

At first glance, this looked something like opposing good manners, good sportsmanship or good health.

It wasn't at all. The NEA, an organization of teachers and school administrators, has no objection to boys and girls learning how to drive safely.

What happened was this: An NEA - sponsored report said the role of the legislatures is to set forth general goals and prpvide financial support. It said decisi(Hi on what to teach should be left as much as possible to local school faculties.

An NEA spokesman said the recommendation was adopted because some state laws require courses on such things as communism and state history and several states Squire high schools to provide driver training. ,

The American Automobile Association, which has pioneered in the work, reports that youngsters who have had driver training have fewer accidents

The Automotive Safety Foundation puts it this way: High school driver education offers a tested opportunity to improve the bad accident record of the teen - ager. The program Is on a plateau and needs aggressive support so that more youngsters in more schools can have the benefit of training.

The under - 20 group has about 6,400 accidents a day at an estimated cost of about $1 bUlion a year,

They account for only 7.1 per cent of the licensed driver but 6,600 of them were involved in 13.2 per cent of the fatal accidents in 1%2.

Last year about 3.1 million young people reached driving age. Of these, 1.31 enrolled in driver educatiixi courses. The percentage has been about the same since 1955.

As the nations population increases 50 will the number of drivers. However, the number oi young drives will increase more rapidly than those In other age groups.

Its a sobering thought to anyone who witnesses wild driving by young people or has to pay the extra - high Insurance rates that such driving demands.

Actions by a subcommittee in the House of Representatives and of the Interstate Commerce Committee in the .Senate have produced substantial accord on the public accommodations section to be advanced as part of the admini.strations civil rights program.

The severe problem here was to find a formula that would identify places of business large enough or clearly enough engaged In interstate commerce to warrant imposing a federal rule against racial discrimination. Whether the committees have devised such a formula and whether any reasoning can bring such legislation within the federal constitutional powers will be a matter of opinion.

To those W'ho will admit any such federal powers, the first classification to be dealt with is hotels and motels. Here the assumption is that these in general serve interstate travelers. Both committees recommend the exemption of owner-occupied homes in which not more than five rooms are rented. This Is by way of provision for the Mrs. Murphys boarding house which figured in early discussion.

Theaters and other places of amusement presenting sources of entertainment that move in Interstate commerce would be required to desegregate.

As to retail stores, restaurants. drugstores and the like, several criteria would be applied. These include whether a substantial number of interstate travelers are served and whether much of the goods sold has moved in interstate commerce.

A reasonable ommission here is that of local service establishments such as barber shops. To preserve this exception, there may be need to delete a section "which invokes the 14th Amendment and would apparently apply to all places licensed by siate authorities which would include barb e r shops.

Insofar as committee or subcommittee votes have been re-torded, these seem to indicate a degree of support for the public accommodations part of the program which could hardly have been anticipated a f e w months ago. Opinion polls also appear to reflect a greater readiness to grant equal treatment in this area than in some matters of housing or school re-districting.

When a business has become large enough that employees considerably outnumber members of the family engaged, and when many of its customers are from distant points or even a few from foreign countries, then it may be that Congress will reason that it has a public responsibility to serve all comers who behave acceptably.

This, at least, is the question that soon will be put before one or both Houses of the national Legislature. Ope important modification that appears in the Senate bill postpones any authority to the Justice Department to file an enforcem e n t suit until a w^aiting period of 30 days has given voluntary medicators or state agencies an opportunity to seek an agreement. This accords well with the experience of states that have antidiscrimination laws.

A backyard fence (no small purchase) wouldnt hold him. He dug under until we had to reinforce the base of the fence with logs.

Then he learned how to paw open the back screen door, dash through the house, throw a body block on the front screen door, and roll clear. Once he was out, he paid no attention to calls and he was impossible to catch.

I consulted the vet. He decided Orval had emotional problems, brought on by lack of proper upbringing.'He suggested various kindnesses and painstaking training.

It didnt^ work. The neighbors were giving not-so-tactful sug< gestions about what should be done with.*bljji. ,

Thtea <Mi 'day as we were ready to leave on a trip, Orval pulled his through - the - house ' and. awasukck. -

I was angry. 1 >-ent after him. Rage gave me superhuman speed. The chase led three times around the house, across the road and through a patch of thick woods. Finally I made a flying dive and nailed him, and when he looked meekly up at me, I knew Orval was tamed.

In those Hsig brown eyes I saw respect, the trademark of civilization. And as I carried him home I felt a little triumphant, a little sad. and

a little guilty.

ODinions

That there are fewer than two million transient workers in th U. S.' today points up a remarkable change from the former pattern of indiustry. San Mateo (Calif.) Times.

The advent of two-car families has been given as the main reason by State Bank Examiner C. V. Pierce for the phenomenal growth of branch banks in South Carolina. This is easy to understand. For every car, there must be another note to be paid off and it takes more banking facilities to take care of the demand, Rock Hill (S. C.) Evening Herald.

When a majority decides that it will not be coerced, and a minority insists on such a policy, progress is not oniy delayed or halted altogether but the danger of unpleasantness such as has already been experienced in other areas is increased. ~ Hendersonville Times-News, *

BY JOHN CHAMBERLAIN

Copyright, 1963, King Feature!

Syndicate, Inp.

Minoo Masani, the former mayor of Bombay, India,' is in this country, and he has some most interesting stories to tell about the effect of his homeland on Harvards Professor John Kenneth Galbraith, the New Deal - Fair Deal economist who recently retunied to the United States after spending two years as U. S. Ambassador in New Delhi.

According to Masani, Galbraith, after his contract with the distinctly non - affluent society of India, got to talking very much like any conservative, Right Wing or cla.ss-ically liberal economist. In-a quick whiff of the true drift age person in India is obvious-icaUy liberal economist. In dias Nehru, of course, is anything but conservative or classically liberal. As head of thf Indian government, Nehru has advocated Soviet, - style planning, with priority being given to the public sector of the economy as fast as the Indian Congress Party is willing to push It. The result has been three successive Five - Year socialist plans which have resulted in a declining rate of growth, a drying - up of savings. and stagnant condition in exports. The Indian co onomy is now growing at a rat! of 2.2 per cent a year, a rat! which shows up horribly when it is compared with the 20 per cent pace of growth In non-socialist Japan. The avcrag! Indian, according to Masani, l! no better off today than when the British pulled out of hi! country in 1947, for the population increases eat up thf small economic gains.

Galbraith, says Masani, got a Wulck whiff of the true drift of Indian affairs, and proceeded to talk forthwith like an American economist of the Calvin Coolidge era. He began to lecture the Indians for putting no trust in the concept of profit. What is this Post Office Socialism that you have? he asked. Dont you know that" profit is a good thing?

Since he was Ambassador to a nation which had asked the American government for the gift of a billion - and - a half dollar steel mill, to be owned by the Indian State, Galbraith couldnt very well openly oppose the public sector Idea as applied to local, steel production, But when he came to sing his swan song as Ambassador last June 28 in a speech at the University of Bombay. Galbraith lit into the * whole idea of putting industrial development in India ahead of agricultural development In India ahead of Agricultural development.

The central test of any policy, Galbraith told the Indians, is whether it promises to improve the position of the average person. And this average person n India is obviously the poor peasant who would like to know how to get a little more fertilizer and good seed on his land. Steel, for him, is a distant luxury that is meaningless,

.With the average person ki mind, Galbraith attacked the Indian planners who hold the accepted tests of the economist the rate of investment and of economic growth. An undue emphasis on the rate of growth, so Galbraith continued, can lead. . . to undue emphasis on current saving! and on increase of these savings through taxation. . .The average person may know of the-hopes for the future. This can rarely be accepted with grace and contentment when living standards are close to the margin.

Masani, who is General Secretary of the Swatantra, or Freedom, Party of India and a member of the Indian Parliament, naturally welcomes Galbraith as an ally in the war against the Stalin psychosis as applied to forcing swift Industrialization on an econwny that hasnt solved the problem of raising enough food for Itself. He knows, of course, that Galbraith, now that he is back in affluent America, will probably revert to his old habit of knocking private enterprisers and advocating vast increases in the . 8. public sector. Nevertheless, it might be ask-(Continued on Page 5)

'Booby Trap, In The Wheat Deal?

By ELMER ROESSNER

Strength For -Today

By EARL L. DOUGLA.SS

GRATITUDE

The great philosopher and brll-lllnt conversational! t Samuel llant conversationalist Samuel Johnson once declared that Gretitude is a fruit of great cultivation; you do not find It among gross people. Disraeli is also to have remarked that gratitude is trfe rarest of vir-tue.s.

Think bAck over your own life. The people for whom you have done the most have sometimes had no appreciation whatsoever for your efforts. The ones you have .served mast faithfully have .sohielime.s apiwared utterly Insensible to your fidelity. To say this is not to be cynical. Taken by and large the human race Is gyo<i at heart. There Is much love in this world, even that iin-.selfish variety of love which puts self aside In the Interest of oth

ers. Men die nobly for their country, and others, equally noble, die day by day to their own desires in order that the interest of others may be advanced.

Gratitude Is not only rare, gratitude is a virtue which if.manifested sincerely and enthusiastically will always warm some heart and produce a most favorable reaction.. If you have the gift of being grateful, people will . remember both your gratitude and you. The person who takes everjrthlng for granted and falls to sy Thank you cither to God or to man is an unloving and unloved creature.

Gratitude Is the capacity on the part of a recipient to enter into the lieart and mind of the the giver and to appreciate the love and r''rtfice which lay behind his acts.

Be graU... , Your fellow men will love you if you dc^-and so will God. . . j '

Sure, the United States-Rus-sia wheat deal may increase peace, good wl, brotherhood and all that between the two >natlons and if it postp ones World War HI by Just one week it will have been worth while and a bargain for both sides. A war might cost $1 billion a day.

But there are many facets of the deal that have not yet reflected the sunlight of truth.

Lets look at a few/

1. Despite whaty^s, been .said, the deal wilj^iMf no propaganda plums ifer the U. S. The wheat will ntkcxwrry U. S. labels, the flour it yields and the 'bread made from the flour will be without the U. S. A. mark.

FUTILE PROPAGANDA

Some Administration people say Hint it Is nil rle.lit Ix'caiuse tlie Voice of America and other propaganda radios will send the tinth to (he people. They overlook the fact that the Hus-^^.slan.s can laliel every bushel of Infp.sted wheat, every bag of

of bread as American and every good bite Russian, whether the wheat comes from America or not.

2. Hhere does not appear to be anything > prevent the

Russians from selling or giving away the wheat to other na-

.1

poor four, every mouldy loaf

tions. Castro has refused U. S. reUef from the ravages of Hurricane Flra. Russia can ship U. S. wheat to Cuba and the Cubans can be told that America gave them nothing In their time of hunger but that starving Russia did.

3. The Soviet deal may force the . S. into a position In which it may have to .seel wheat to China. If we do not, the colored races of world may be led to believe that we are wflUng^'^help starving w'hltes but not starving people of color. NO TRADE BOOM

4. The .iale of wheat wll not lead to vast trade with linaria. The first reason Is that the wheat purchases here, In Canada and Australia will deplete Rn.ssias gold and foreltrn currencies, In fact, .some, observers expect that the wheat deals will force, the Soviets to

:

reduce spending for oil pipe, nonmilitary machinery and other goods from the West.

A second reason is that Congress, while not blocking t h e wheat deal, may * refuse to bii crease the number of items it will permit the Russians to buy. At present, the Russians may purchase nonmilitary articles in about 200 categories. Many Congressmen would oppose lengthening the list in fear that more militarily useful goods would slip through.

MAY AFFECT PLANTING

A third reton is that the Johnson Act prohibits lending money to nations in default on loans from the U. S. Deferred payment on the whea! has been classified as credit, not loans, and hence permissible. But credit in other circumstances might be ruled t6 be a loan, hence illegal. In fact, .some opponents may t.ake the wheat deal to Federal Court on the grounds that it Is barred by the Johnson Act.

. .5, The deal will redur. U. S. surplu.ses and firm up prices. * Since w heat farmers rejected controls, this may cause many

'V

to increase wheat planting this fall and next spring, expecting that another shortage in Russia or someplace else wrill provide markets. But if it doesnt we may end up with a surplus;, worse than the one we have * now.

U. S. INVESTORS SEND $2.5 BH,LION ABROAD

Last year Americans invest-* ed $2.5 billion abroad, bringing the total of foreign investments to $37.1 billion, accbrd-ing to the National Industrial Conference Board. Amerlc a n money Invested abroad increas-e.s foreign holdings dollar for dollar. These foreign holding can become demands for gold.t thereby threatening the U. 8. gold supply.

On the other hand, profits from the.se Inve.stments, If returned to the U. S.. can help swell the gold reserves.

1 he largest American hiveit-ment. $12.1 billion, is In Canada; the next largest ah art, $3.8 billion, is in Britain, and the third blgge.st chunk,'|2.i billion, is In Venezuete. >.