Wdn8day, August 28, 196S

Long Pull Up Ladder Of Progress

Meanwhile, Back At The Ranch

For North Carolina it has been a long pull up the ladder of economic progress in an effort to reach a per capita income at least equal to the national average. Each rung attained has required greater effort, and there are many rungs yet to go before the goal is realized.

For it all, however. North Carolina has made progress. The Department of Commerce has reported that per capita income in this state Increased by another seven per cent in 1962 over 1961, to reach a new high average of $1,732. It represents an increase in per person income of $94 in the state during the past year.

On the one hand. Tar Heels can find satisfaction in the fact that per capita income of the state went up seven per cent during the past year. It is more sobering, perhaps, to recognize that in spite of the increase, North Carolina still ranks 48rd among the 60 states in its average income per person. It has a long way to go to reach the average of the nation as a whole, and even further if it is to achieve per capita income levels of some of the states.

There are, of course, many factors which affect the fluctuation in per capita income of individual states fro myear to year. A poor crop year, or a good crop year, can bring about a significant change in the per capita income of North Carolina which still leans heavily on agriculture. It is significant for the state however, that a continued increase in industrial jobs and industrial payrolls have helped to push its per capita income steadily upward.

Most areas of the state have shared in the industrial progress of the past few years; but there remains a great discrepancy in per capita income

Changes Seen "n Sanford Plan

By WILLIAM A. SHIRE8

REDISTRICT - Soma trouble epota have developed in Governor Sanfords starting pcHnt" Senate redlstrlcting plan and a lew further changes are likely.

This was not unexpected, and neither are the dlfflcuHlet considered so serious as to be insurmountable. Intensive behind the scenes work is going on in an effort to iron out points of objection and preserve the basic structure of the redistrict now plan.

Reaching these agreements is both tedious and time-consuming. One source closeto the governors redistiicUng effort said theres still a lot of wtn-k to do.

The administration poslticm is that It is agreeable to technical changes the switching of a county here and thereso long as these do not alter the pattern and when they can be done within the plans population formula.

SCISSION Some legislators are saying privately and a few publicly that they cannot support the plan Sanford revealed more than a week ago without a specific change.

Most of those specific points of disagreement are, as expected. In the East. One other is In the Rowan-Cabsmis county area.

The administration remains hopeful that agreements on perhaps swkchlng a few counties and on Intra-dlstrict rotaticm can be reached prior to the convening of a special sesslm of the General Assembly.

If this Is done, then a redlstrlcting bill buUt around Sanfords starting point plan will be sutenltted with a fair chance of escaping major amendment.

The signal ttet the administration feels it has the necessary ccHnmitmoits will be Sanfords calling of the special session.

DATES The earliest date now being hoped for or the special session is the first week In October. Two weeks ago It was felt the session might be called for the last two weeks In September, but this faded.

Sources do look for Sanford to issue the call fairly soon now. More delay would Indicate further difilculUea.

There is no oonsUtitional re-Qulrement of notice for summoning a special sesshxi. but

out of courtesy It Is believed that Sanford will try to give between two weeks and 30 days notice. A formal proclamation is required and there have been relatively few formal proclamations in Sanfords term as governor. The date of the session is set out in the proclamation.

OPPOSE Opposition of maverick Republican Sen, Charles Strong of Guilford to Sanford's senate redlstrlcting plan was not surprising.

Gkrong has Jumped the fence of the Republican legislative bloc on numerous occasions and acts Independently. This caused some concern in the OOP legislative caucus duilng the early months of the regular ses-1^, but efforts to persuade Strong to consult with and Join the majority of his OOP colleagues and even the rest of the Guilford County delegation proved to no avail.

As a result Strong usually went his own way In the legislature. On some occasions, he skipped attending the GOP caucuses.

SPEAK Now, Strong says, who State GOP chairman Her-mwi Sexon and minority leader WiUlam Osteen said that Republicans would support the Sanford plan they were not speaking for him.

^ Strong Issued a lengthy statement over the past weekend attacking the Sanford plan and charging that it was a scheme designed to check growth of a two-party system in the state and to perpetuate Democratic control of the Senate.

PROJECT AUantic Research Corp. has disclosed the nature o one of the first projects to be handled at its Outer Banks facility at CoroUa, N. C.

This will be work on a $2,4 million contract to develop a large experimental high-performance solid propellant rocket motor and production and delivery of two fllght-welght pn^o-types of this motor to the Air Force.

The work will be divided between ARCS principal laboratories at Alexandria, Va.. and the new faculty being developed at Corolla.

ARC announced that it received more than $12 mUlion in new orders in July which was a monthly record for the firm.

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between North Carolina counties just as it does between North Carolina and other states. In the Piedmont area, per capita income Is considerably higher than it is in most counties of the far east or the far west. The difference is largely attributable to the concentration of industrial jobs in the Piedmont area.

The eastern section of the state has made steady progress toward strengthening its agricuU tural economy by adding industry. It remains a fact, however, that the eastern section still has the greatest undeveloped potential for industrial expansion of any area of the state. As the east continues iU effort to generate a more vigorous and productive agricultural economy, and at the same time promote its industrial development, it will make significant strides in improving its per capita income.

The rate at which the desired progress is to be made will be determined largely by the effort put forth by individual communities and counties of the area.

Party Strengthened By Primary Battles

Tar Heel Democrats who may be dreaming of only one gubernatorial candidate in their party primary next May are, in our opinion, just dreaming.

It would be nice, perhaps, to avoid a bristling family fight over who is to have the nomination for the highest office in the state. Such an eventuality could bring about greater party unity in support of the candidate against the man the Republicans will offer in the November general election.

But the Democratic party in North Carolina, much like the party on the national level, is made up of many factions that apparently like nothing better than a good, old-fashioned family squabble. Every four years wounds are left; but party members get excited about casting their votes in the primary, and this usually carries over to the general election.

In spite of the fact the Democratic party may face a more severe test from Republicans for the top state office In 1964, this fact alone is not likely to result in some Democrat being offered the party nomination on a silver platter. In a primary, regard-le.sa of how vigorous the campaign, the voters themselves speak, and the candidates with the majority of the vote is the one whq.^eta the nomination.

For all its disadvantages, the primary strengthens, rather than weakens the Democratic party in North Carolina.

By HAL BYLF

Things Were Different

1

Jrlistory IS JrUii

Of Marchers

BY JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) Today's civil rights march in Wa-shington by perhaps 100.00 Negroes and whitesto protest racial injustices and to try to pressure Congress into passing a civil rights billhas an ancient heritage.

From antiquity by ones, twos, thousands, millions in flc tion, fact, literature, mythology and religion people through disobedience and non-violent resistance have asserted themselves against what they consider unjust treatment, laws, or edicts.

Yet, the history of their protests is full of cMitradlctions and ironies.

Erich Fromm looks upon the first act of disobedience by Adam and Eve. in eang from forbidden tree of knowledge, as an original sin which, instead of corniptlng man, set him free to become fully human.

Four hundred years before Christ. Socrates defied the government of Athens by refusing to stop encouraging the youth to question the ideas of their elders. While it was wrong to disobey a superior, he said, he would obey the gods rather than the government. He was sentenced to death.

Then he refused to escape his death cell. To do that, he said, after he had been condemned, would Injure the gov-emment.

It was civil disobedience, but non-violent, when Sophocles Antigone defied King Creons order not to bury her mother, he walled her In to die for that.

And Aeschylus Prometheus at terrible cost to himself befriended mankind by stealing fire from the gods. For this Zeus chained him to a rock for the vultures to gnaw on.

In the New Testaments Sermon on the Mount, Jesus, who had driven the money changers from the temple, preached nonviolence with his admonition to turn the other cheek and walk two miles if anyone compelled you to walk one.

The ascetic Essenes, a sect of pre-Christian Jews, took an oath to injure no one. And after Christ thousands of Jews used non-violent resistance against

the Romane. So did the early Christian martyrs although the Christians gradully moved from pacificism to the Just war to the Crusades.

The Quakers, whom Merle Curti called the conscience of the 18th century, were pacifists.

Ralph Waldo Emerson, I n 1843, theorized on civil disobedience five years before his friend, Henry David Thoreau, did In his famous Civil Disobedience essay.

Thoreau had an effect on Leo Tolstoy and, later, on Mohandas Gandhi. Tolstoy went to extremes in his view of nonviolence and civil disobedience. He made no exception for the use of violence by a man to defend his country, his life, his family or even to save society from lunatics and criminals. Because he looked upon all governments as Immoral, he advocated paying no taxes at all.

It was Gandhi who achieved the most sensational results in history with his policy of nonviolent resistance against the British to end their rule in India. Millions of Indians went along with him until they decided to get violent.

He acknowledged influences on him from all directions: the Sermon on the Mount; the Bha-vavad Gita, part of the Hindu epic which Gandhi called his spiritual reference book; Thoreau: Tolstoy; and even John Ruskin who urged the teaching of Justice and gentleness.

But behind Gandhis experience of India Hinduism, with iU peaceful acceptance of the caste system in this life as preparation for moving up to the next caste in the next life on eaith and with its complicated prohibitions against doing violence to others; Jainism, whlch forbade killing anyone or thing and required the weaiing of a gauze mask so insects wouldnt be inhaled and killed; and Buddhism, originally an ethic protest against Hindu re-ligiou.s practices stressed love of others.

In the depression of 1894 Jacob S. Coxey, Ohio businessman, led an army of 400 unemployed to Washington to petition Congress to create Jobs. In 1932 CongreR.s Ignored the army of (Continued on Page 5)

NEW YORK (AP) Lets take a look back along the way.

When the world is too much with us, the best escape is to recall a time when things were different.

Your memory is still hitting on all eight cylinders if you can remember when.

Movie actresses were expected to have class and stature like Clare Kimball Young.

Shirley Temples dimples had been seen by more people than the Grand Canyln.

People said Enrico Caruso had a voice so powerful that when he sang in a small room it would break the windows.

It was part of the act in a Chinese restaurant for the waiters to pretend they couldnt understand English well. That kind of lent the place a shud -dery sense of mystery.

The only people who ate pizza pies were those Just over from the old country.

Rln-Tin-Tln earned more take-

home pay than Lassie.

The greatest test bf a middle-aged mans athletic ability was having to climb Into the upper berth of a Pullman car.

You could always achieve a sound social position in the community by playing a good game of checkers.

No husband had to bother about keeping his wifes cigarettes lit as good women didnt smoke in public.

No woman needed more than $5 to go to the grocery store, because who could carry home that much worth of groceries?

The common man was in favor of high income taxes because he felt only the rich would ever have to pay them.

Only cowboys wore high heels.

The people in comic strips were always slipping on banana peels, or being hit by flying bricks but they never seemed to have any emotional problems.

It cost less to spend a full

Other E(ditors Saying. ;-or Quiet In Galilee

(Christian Science Monitor)

Only a United Nations investigation can prove to the rest of the world who is giving an accurate version of the incidents which have erupted along the border between Israel and Syria near the Sea of Galilee and in the Jordan Valley north of it.

Of all Israels borders with its hostile Arab neighbors, that with Syria has been chronically the most volatile. It is complicated by a web of unnatural legal and geographical circumstances stemming from the provisions of the 1949 armistice and the way in which they have been interpreted.

The armistice terms carve out of slivers of denlitarized zones at crucial points on the shore of the Sea of Galilee and along the Jordan, specifying that the UN Truce Supervision Organization should control civilian activity within them, with the help of locally recruited police.

.The setting up of this control was never put through, and Is-rwl claims and in effect exercises sovereignty over the demilitarized zones. Syria rejects this claim and seeks to protect Arab farmers owning land in the zones. Further, the Syrians challenge Israeli Mver-elgnty over the waters of the Sea of Galilee at those points where the former international boundary between Syria and Palestine (to which Lsrael sees Itself the successor) runs along the shore of the lake.

The sensitivity of the waters of the Sea of Galilee and the Upper Jordan is all the greater because of Israeli plans, now on the verge of implementation, to syphon water from the lake and pipe it down to the arid Negev in southern Israel. In the mid-1950s, the Syrian Government of the time said that if neccessary it would go to war to prevent this. The Im-menence of Israeli pumping from the Sea of Galilee might well have something to do with the latest outbreaks of violence.

Another likely contributory cause is the embattled position of the present Syrian Government, now under control of the Baath Party but facing great pressure from partisans of President Nasser of the United Arab Republic, Traditionally, Syrian Governments have used the threat of Israel as a ralljing cry for popular support, In Israel there happens to be a new Premier and he must feel the need to prove himself no less tough than his predecessor. Mr. Ben-Gurion, in dealing with the Arabs.

Whoever started the latest round of shootings should not escape blame. But more Important is the need for UN truce supervisors to get greater freedom of movement on both sides of the border. And there Is still validity in the argument advanced by a former head of the Truce Supervision Organization for both a UN helicopter and patrol boat free to operate In the area.

year in college than it now takes to send a small, squirmy child to camp for a month in the summer.

Many high scnooi seniors could write in Latin an essay containing fewer misspelled words than one writen in English by a modern student today.

If a girl had a ar. you knew she was from the country. City girls prided themselves on their milk-white complexions.

People in most small towns never locked the front door unless they were going on a long trip.

You could impress the average gathering by whipping out a snap-shot of yourself taken on top of Pikes Peak. That 1 e t them know you were someone whos really been around.

You didnt have to land on the moon to become a hero. All you had to do was stop a runaway horse single-handed.

Opinions

Brief

A great many people would like to pay less taxes, but even a great many of these people would rather go along on the present basis than add to the national debt through deficit spending, Hendersonville Times-Union.

Lyndon Johnson announced In Washington that he is very happy as Vice President. There are some people who enjoys measles, too."Chicago Tribune.

The mother wno can manage her children with dispatch can get them ready and sent to play wdth the youngsters next door before the youngsters there can come over here.St. Charles (Minn.) Press.

IT'S THE BLOODMOBILE

Go down and iive

Genius

tor Job

BY JOHN CHAMBERLAIN Copyright, 1963, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

This week, at a suburban movie house, I caught up with a great picture, Lawrence of Arabia. It cost. I am told, only a few paltry million to produce, as against the forty million eaten up by the horde of human locusts that filmed Cleopatra, but it is far and away the most Important motion picture of our times. Not only are the phot(raphy and the acting superb, but it is a tremendously significant fable for our degenerate age.

Colonel Lawrence was wie of the great English eccentrics, an inner directed man who was fascinated by the Arabs and the Arab lands. But, unlike the Arabs, who believe that everything Is preordained by fate Que sera, sera, whatever will be Lawrence believed In the creative potentialities of the human will. Nothing is written, he is portrayed as sajdng at a critical stage In the campaign to capture the Turkish port of Acaba from the Impossible landward, or desert, side, except In here. And he points significantly to his own head.

Governments even In' the relatively enlightened days of fifty years ago did not believe in creative endeavors by Individuals; they believed in routine. But one man with a genius for going outside of channels Lawrence energized and directed the Arabs in that Imaginative move to the north that provided the flank protection which enabled Keneral AHenby, the British "regular, to take Jerusalem and move In cm Damascus. The amateur, Lawrence, was the indispensable man who set things up for the professional to win.

What is the significance of this for our day? It is obvious that the professionals arent doing anything that is worth putting in a thimble about Communist Cuba, which flanks all of Latin America. The Bay of Pigs was muffed by professionals. What the anti-Castro Cubans need is nothing less than a Lawrence, a dedicated eccentric with military sense and an ability to charm money and arms out of thsose ^ who have them, to give cohesion and direction to a lot of energy that is currently being wasted in Internal bickering. The sixteen or eighteen factions of anti-Castro Cubans resemble nothing so much aa the fiercely individualistic Arab tribes that Lawrence, by the force of a strange intelligence and charismatic presence, managed to fuse, momentarily at least, for a great and successful endeavor.

A Lawrence, should he by any miracle manage to turn up at the forward headquarters of the anti-Castro Cubans in Nicaragua, would have to be fluent In Spanish. He would have to know how to deal with the Latin American sense of Dignidad, which is so easily ruffled. He would need sources in the United States for money, which commands explosives and aviation fuel and planes. But he wcaild nt^ need great armies.

In place of crushing force, he would need to know the same handbooks of subversion that the Castroite Communist Che Guevara studied when the members of Fidels small band were hiding out In the Sierro Maestra in Cuba. Cuba is an island, which means that It can be choked. It is protected by Russian planes and Russian -built fishing boats. These defensive weapons are powerful deterrents. But they need oil and gasoline to move, and the refineries and tanks that provide the oU and gas are all known and ticketed. They could be taken out in short order by an antl-Castro air force if the anti-Castroites had an ^air force, or a persuasive Colonel Lawrence to get one for them.

Alas, there will be no Lawrence In this case. Where is the young man in an American university who would dedicate himself to the eccentric life of mastering Spanish on the one hand and (Turzlo Mala-partes The Technique of Coup dEtot on the other, meanwhile learning to be a diplomat among the Cuban nation!

(Continued on Page 5)

Business Implications At Hand

Strength For Today

BY EAHL I.. IX)UGLASS PRI.MARILY SO

We never understand life or anything about life until we get well Into our minds the fact that we are primarily spiritual beings. To be sure, we are physical beings, but the physical aspects of our life are decidedly secondary as compared with the spiritual aspects. We are Invisible spirits (souls, if you prefer that term), encased for a few decades in a physical body. Not only will that spirit dutlast the body, but if life is to be successful that spirit must dominate the body as long as itresides in the body.

Why should I not lie or steal or kill or commit adultery? , Because of the possibility of libel suits or prison bars? If we are wise we abstain from

evil things because they are inconsistent with the destiny which God appears to have appointed for us. We can escape most of our Illnesses if w'e get well In mind that we are primarily spiritual rather than physical beings. We rise in our own esteem when the spiritual nature of our lives takes hold of our minds. We walk through life with our heads up and with firm and sure steps because we are spiritual beings. We arc sons and daughters of God.

The body (the casement in which we now find ourselves) will deteriorate and die. The soul (that spiritual aspect of our lives which gives life Its real signiflcance) will live on foi-ever.

Let us never forget the most important of all truths, namely that we are primarily spiritual behigs.

By ELMER ROESSNER

There are buslnees implications in the march on Washington today. Some local customers may be away demonstrating. Hundreds more may be glued to television sets watching for something to happen. Many people wdll be spending their travel, vacation jand auto dowTi - payment money cm journeys to Washington.

However, on the whole, the affair will be good for business. It will stimulate spending for clothes, travel, food, demonstration paraphernalia and countless other things. It may have the same effect on business as did the regional fairs in the old country.

There are even greater business implications in the threatening railroad strike. The confusion will be compounded if the strike strands thousands of demcHistrators in Washingt o n. The strike will delay shipments of goods, including those moving over highways. Priorities for food and medicine may delay shipments of other goods. Even local trucking services may be overburdened. Businessmen who have not fully' prepared for the strike may

suffer grave losses.

There are business Implications In the test - ban treaty, too.

Most important Is the fact that gentler relations with Russia may lead to cutbacks in defense spending. This can be serious since new surveys show that few defense plants have prepared for a switch to civilian production, as they had at the end of World War n.

A cutback of a defense plant not only hits workers severed from payrolls; It strikes the businesses in and surrounding the plant: it slashes at retailers who have made instalment sales to the workers and to the finance companies that have underwritten the sales.

The private economy should be preparing now for adjustment to possible reduction in United States defense sending. warns the August issue of the Morgan Guaranty Tnist Co. mwithly survey. The grim fact is that the economy Isnt OTHER LOOK-AHEADS Here are more glimpses into the future^ of business:

Lighter Liquor: Theres a

sharp trend toward the pi*omo-tion of lighter alcoholic bever

ages. The promotion of soft liquor by Calvert is being eyed by other American distiller. Meanwhile, three lighter scotches are being tested In key markets and some of the heavier brands may disappear.

Steadier silk: The silk exchanges of Japan are trying to 'stabilize the price of silk. Wide fluctuations, they arc finding, Is discouraging Western nations from commiting themselves to buy silk in large quantities.

Cheaper chickens: Chick production in July was 6 per cent over a year ago. This, plus the Common Market restrictions on U. S. fowi, will mlan a glut and very, low prices later this year.

TAX CLT? LATER

No quick tax cut: Your Federal tax cut may start on January 1, but If it does it will be by laws passed later In 1%4. Our estimate of Congressional activity is that it wont be enacted this year. Besides, It wUl do more good at the pools if enacted next year.

Airlines looking up: Despite confusion over rates, charter flights, and losses of lines, the airlines prospects are good. Even with rising outlays for

equipment, the Increase in both freight and passenger traffic bids fair to keep most U.S. airlines in the black.

Less Christmas toy heebie-jeebies; The pre - (Thristmas show of toys on television many of which have not performed in the home as they have done on the screen may be less frantic this year. Printers Ink reports that at least six manufacturers will switch to printed media this winter.

Are you marching In Washington toay, the Old Promoter asked after he had entered unnanounced.

Previous engagement. I said. Besides, not many (rf (r sets are going. Are you? "Wouldnt miss it! he replied. Where will there ever again be such a maricet for hamburgers, hot dogs and cold drinks? And I plan to carry a few sidelines: foot powder, corn plasters, palm fans and straw hats.

So if you see an aging man with baggy eyes offering thos# things around the Reflecting Pool today, buy something. Ha needs the nrofit. ,