Tuesday, August 27, 196^

Local Bills Dominated Calendar

Eunhoria? Whats This Euphoria?

Many local government officials have pointed out time and again the need for greater local government autonomy in handling purely local mattesr without the necessity of specific legislative approval.

A few legislators, at the same time, have asserted that the volume of local legislation requiring the General Assemblys attention imposes some handicap in tending to legislative business that affects the state as a whole.

Of the 2,101 bills and resolutions introduced in the 1963 General Assembly, 964 or 45.4 per cent, dealt with purely local matters pertaining to a specific municipal or county government. Of the 1,263 mea.sure.s which actually were enacted into law during the legislative ses.sion, 700 or 60 per cent, were local bills.

The.se statistics again point up the fact that local governments throughout the .state are too clo.sely tied to legi.^ilative apron .strings for their own good and for the good and for the good of the legi.-lature. If local governing boards were given greater authority, under the general statutes, in handling local matters, mo.st of the local bills that now crowd the legislative calendar every two years could be eliminated. Legislators would have more

Speculation Is All On Bennett

time to devote to state-wide matters and the legislative solution to state-wide problems. Local governments, on the other hand, could handle local affairs which now must wait a year or two years for a legislative se.ssion before they can be acted upon.

It is ahso significant that while the most recent Icgi-slature pa.ssed only 43 per cent of the pubbc bills and re.solution.s offered, it gave approval to 74 per cent of the local measures which were introduced. Did the local bills have that much more merit that the state-wide bills, or did they just receive that much less attention from the legislature an a whole?

More autonomy for local governments in North Carolina has long been a subject of controversy. Some progre.ss has been noted in recent years in giving local governments more jurisdiction over purely local affairs, but much more needs to be done in this direction.

Tho.se who are elected to serve in the 196.> (ieneral A.ssembly could provide .significant service to the legislature and to local governments of the state by enacting a comprehen.sive measure to eliminate the necc.ssity for so many local bill.s in each se.ssion of the General A.s.sembly.

This Time, Pressure On Manufacturers

. By WnXIAM A. 8HIRE.S RALEIGH PoUUcaJ n o t e-book:

One of the first interpretations placed on the possibility that Bert Bennett Jr. would with draw from the race for governor was that It would reduce the field In next Mays Democratic primary.

A number of sources expre^RA-ed beliei that it would have such an effect. They felt U would be one of the factors on which Bennett would base such a decision to withdraw.

First Impressions, however, are not always correct and this interpretation is subject to testing and is being re-examined.

The (act that it may be entirely wnmg is being cited as a reason not to count too strongly (HI Bennett's deciding against becoming a candidate.

VACUUM - The effect of the widely-circulated report that Bennett ia expected to withdraw as a potential candidate has been to create a partial vacuum.

As yet, it has not been strong enough to clarify exactly what would happen. But It has given several other potential Democratic candidates more room in which to maneuver.

Apparently, if Bennett should decide not to become a candidate there would be a concerted effort on the part of several facticms to close ranks behind a single altem^e compromise or coalition candi date accepUble to most If not all of the state partys group.

This may not be possible at thl.s point. It may not be possible even after Bennett resigns as state party chairman.

NAMES The current political specuIaUon In Raleigh is all tied to the contingency of whether Bennett runs.

Almost every report that circulated over the past weekend Included the phrase If Bennett doesnt run." But predicated on this, the specuhttlon centered on three or four possible candidates Thomas J. Pearsall of Rocky Mount, Judge Richard son Preyer of Greensboro and Dan K. Moore of Sylva were the three most menUoned.

One is from the East, one ki from the West and one from the,|lcdmont.

The fourth name, mentioned in connection with each report, was that of Dr. I. Beverly Lake of Raleigh, the almost certain candidate of the state party's ultra-conservatives. Lake Is regarded as almost certain to oppose Bennett if Bennett runs, and likely to be a candidate against almost any of the others being named.

OPPOSE One of the rea ons given for Bennetts possible decision not to run himself

was to find some way to block Lake, or to prevent Lake from getting the nomination.

In the event that a compromise candidate emerges in the present situation, question will arise as to whether Lake would oppose him. This will be something that only Dr. Lake himself can answer. Secondly, the question will be asked what arguments might this candlates use against Dr. Lakes becoming a candidate, and thra what points would Dr. Lake be able to turn against the candidate?

If Pearsall should become a compromise candidate, the ar gument of East-West rotation of the governorship would be lost. Pearsall supposters are wondering whether this might be overcome, or whether It would be an affective argument at all In view of the fact that Lake also Is from the Ea.st.

Moore and Preyer would be candidates to uphold the East-West rotation tradition. So would former Gov. Luther H. Hodges. If Hodges should decide to run.

MORE The Ideal situation from the standpoint of the state party would be to have a single strong candidate In the field next year. If this Is not po.sslble, the nexxt best thing would be to have only two. It is believed that chances favore this being Lake and some anti-Lake candidate.

Current reports are that Hodges or Pearsal. would not be acceptable compromise candld-dates for the Bennett-Sanford faction and very likely neither would be acceptable to Lake. In the event that either Hodge.s or Pearsall should announce, it is felt that a third candidate would get in probably Bennett.

Thus the idea of either Moore or Preyer a.s a coalition candi date was being advanced. Still another p<Misiblllty. former Hep. Paul Kltchln of Wadesboro, also was mentioned but it i.s to Kltchln'8 disadvantage that he was ou.sted from Congrt'.s.s \xy Republican Rep. Charles R Jones in 1962.

GOP The .state Republican party is watching the frantic Jockeying among DemocraUs with obvious relish. It has served to taked the political spotlight off the Intentions of Jonas to be the GOP candidate for governor.

But things are not entirely calm on the Republican side either. There are new trial bal-loon.s up both for State Rep. William Osteen of Grecnslioro and freshman U S. Rep. James Broyhlll of l.enoir as po.sslble candidate.s provided Jona.s does not nin. Rep. Don Badvely the only announced GOP candidate, meanwhile, has been on a handshaking tour In about 20 mountain countle.s.

Auto manufacturers for year.s have pointed the publics attention toward various safety factors that have been engineered into their products. Better brakes, better steering mechanisms, better body construction, all have been hailed by manufacturer.s as .standard .safety factors built into new designs year alter year. *

Now, at the behe.st of increasing pre.ssure from state legislatures and .safety organizations, the auto manufactuiTrs have announced that effective in January their new models will have seat belts as .standard equipment ... at slight increase in price, of cour.se.

Usually the auto industry has been the one to take the initiative in l)uilding additional safety factors into new vehicles. In the case of seat belts, however, the manufacturers have been under increasing pre.ssure for several year.s to make the addition they have now announced. There is, perhaps, .some psychological disadvantages in the manufacturers, who have taken the lead in many safety innovations, have appeared reluctant to accept th? seat belt as standard e(}uipment for autos.

Now that the manufacturer.s have made the decision, motorists more and more may be expected to look on seat belts as e.ssential devices in their travel, not just decorative gagets found on the car seat. And this acceptance by the manufacturers and motorists should help reduce deaths and serious injuries in traffic accidents.

Same Symbolic Surpose Is Seen

By AL V IN TAYLOR

'cVugLt Sjndicaie, luc.

Great

lOS

Come take a ride on North Carolinas greatest bargain. This is a cruise across the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Not only can you make the trip, but you may take your car along.

Why is it such a bargain? Well, Its entirety free.

Technically you wont be in the Atlantic Ocean. But it is so near that it takes an expert to .say where the waters of t h e ocean end and those of Oregon Inlet begin.

Im referring, of course, to the hour long ferry ride from Bodle Island to Pea Island. Six ferry boats ply the waters on a busy Sunday taking tourists from far and near to the famed Halteras National Park.

Barqain Ride

Despite the name Oregon Inlet, the famed ferry ride is not located thousands of miles away in the nations west coast state. It is to be found on the North Carolina coast only a couple hours ride away.

It connects the Halteras National Park that long stretch of undisturbed sand and sea with the Nags Head area and the mainland.

The trip is pleasant enough. You drive your auto aboard one of the waiting ferries at t h e north terminal of the run. When the ferry is fully load attendants put chains in place and for the next hour the driving Ls up to the captain.

Diesel engine throb a.s propel-lors chum the waters and slow-

Other

Editors Saying i^ight To Make Choices

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED

Published Every Afternoon Except Sunday E.stablished 1882 DAVID JULIAN WHKIIARI). Publisher

Entered at Po.st Office. Gi'nvillf. N. C,. as .second da mail matter.

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By JA.ME.S MARLOW WASHINGTON (AP) The crowd is bigger, the walk shoi t-er. but Wednesdays massive civil nghls march in Washington ha.s the same .symbolic purpose a.s Mohandas Gandhis unforgettable .salt march to the .sea In 1930.

Gandhi was 61 tlien. With a loincloth and a cane and 78 iol-lower.s he marched 241 mile.s to the sea in 21 days to inspire his people to protest British rule and more immediately to a BritLsli law which made il a crime for any Indian to have salt he hadnt paid lax on. By the time he reached the sea thousands of Indians had Jolm'd him.

Then on the beach he picked up some .salt left by the waves. That was all. After that he withdrew. It was enough. Along Indias long seacoast thousands of Indians waded into the water with pans and helped them.selve.s to salt illegally.

It was their way of showing they were fed up. They got their freedom but not for another 17 years.

The march here will cover no more than a mile tx'tween the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial but per haps 100,00 people, wlilte and Negro, will take pari.

It will be notiee in a gigantic wav that Negroes are fed up with the injustice of discilm-ination and .segregation inflicted on them through all American history. More immediately it is notice they want Con-gre.s.N to pa.ss a civil rights bill Only a few Indians shared Gandhis dedieation to the Iks li('l ihal .lu.stiee eould lie oh-tuiiK'd by non-violeni nu'aits Bill millions listened wIkmi he piraelK'd It and tried to piac-tice It. not always siiei'e.ssfully. Thei( were blood batti.s In this country. 11k> H( v Mar tin I.uther King Jr , a di.sciple of Ganhl and probably the most widely known Negro Leader, lias preaehed non-violence, Uh) Ne-gi(H\s have not always listened and sometimes resiionded to violence with violence No doubt tlu'iv will be more of It before discriminalion Is end('d. BecHu.se Indians loved Ganln .so widely and becau.se he

was the Symbol of their hopes, he could p('i'suade them to end violence by threatening to fast unto death.

Amcy^ican Negroes have no ..sucli single leader or rally point. In fact, the Negro leadership is .split although the various groups are joining forces for the march here.

They will no doubt be divide, ed again when the march is over.

The Wa.shington march cannot tje credited to the In.spir-ation of a single Individual. It has deep roots, w'atered for centuries by white Americans who hugged their racial prejudice and for much of American history exploited Negroes.

It ha.s been only in the last nine years that Negroes have learned they could hasten equal treatment and the rights guaranteed them only through direct and collective action.

The Supreme Court set equal treatment back by more than half a century when, in 1896, it ruled it was constitutional to .segregate Negroes so long as they got equal treatment. This \vas a contradiction in itself. Si'gregatlon by its very natuie meant inequality.

Yet, as early as 1917 the c ourt began undoing what it had dcHie in I8!8i, It outlawed a Louisville ordinance Which established white and Negro residential districts.

Bit by bit over the following yt'ars the court banned other forms of segregation in suits bi'oiiglit by the National As.soci-ation for the Advancement of Colored People.

But it wa.snt until May 17, 19.71, wlu'u it banned public school segregation, that the court threw out entirely the 1890 opinion by declaring that segregation was unconstitutional.

Neverthele.ss. the South has touglit school desegregatilon so adamantly that today, nine years later, Ic.ss than 8 per cent of Negro school children in the South go to de.segregatecl .schools. That has boc'n a slow painful road.

Suddenly a Negro .seamstress and a few Southern Negro leadens speedc'd up the whole pace Continued on Page j)

(The Raleigh Times)

Tfie Charlotte Observer, wor-rynig about how the primaries can tear up the Democratic Party in this State, wonders if the time hasnt come for North Carolina Democrats to consider nominating candidates for state office by the convention system Instead of letting the people do the nominating in convention.

This wondering by The Observer poses several que.stlons. One questiins which comes to mind centers about The Observers sudden concern over the Democratic Party. In recent elections. The Observer endor-.sed the Republican presidential nominee, something it had every right to do. But. in doing so, it could well have lost some of its hurry to worry about the health and well being of the Democratic Party in North Carolina.

Theres a basic question involved in such a suggestion, though. Li a primary, the people have the right to speak their minds through their ballot boxes. The people have the opportunity to hear all the issues discussed and re-discus.sed. The candidates have to convince more than 50 per cent of the people to win the nominations, instead of just having to convince more than .50 per cent of the political leaders who might control the convention votes.

The Observer said that a good many thoughtful Tar Heels are giving serious thought to the question of nominating by convention, then added:

"And its easy to .see w'hy.

"In 19(i0. four prominent Di'm-00rats sought the goveniorship. After a hard and costiv first primary fight, Malcolm Sea well and John Larkins were olin>

Inated.

Then Terry Sanford and I. Beverly Lake fought it all over again, once again at a tremendous drain on finances and physical energy.

Meanwhile, the Republicans sat back, took it easy, saved their money, and sent a fresh and iinscarred candidate into the field against Sanford in November. With many pro-Lake or anti-Sanford Democrats crossing party lines. Republican Robert L. Gavin polled 43.5 per cent of the total state vote, the highest percentage for a GOP gubernatorial candidate since 1896.

The Obsei-ver reminds that the 1964 Democratic primary could be just as bitter and as hard fought as a costly as w'as the 1960 primary. It reminds that the Republicans wouldn't be scarred by a primary, and reminds that Congressman Charles R. Jonas could enter general election campaign "fresh, unscarred and with plenty of money against a tired, battered and financially hard-pre.ssed Democrat.

Maybe the Democrats of North Carolina should appreciate this solicitude from a newspaper whose editorial page shouted for the Republican presidential nominee in 1960. Maybe they shouldnt. But, they surely shouldnt appreciate any suggestion from any editorial page that they should be denied their democratic right to hear the issues discussed in a primar> and to vote their convictions in a primary.

No one likes a bitter primary fight, and no one enjoyed the bitter one in 1960. But it is better to have a bitter primary figbt than it would be to deprive the people of their right to speak their wills by their Votes In a primary.

ly the boat pulls away from the dock to head out into the sound waters. A look at the license plates tells you that you are not among North Carolinians, for the people come from many states to visit this strip of sand dunes, one of natures unique gifts.

They are leisurely minded and the ferry trip fits in. As the ferry boat follows a semicircular route, you wonder if the captain doesnt intend to make a leisurely trip, but you spot nearby islands and treacherous sand bars near the surface. Then you realize the boat Is following a carefully marked channel.

But if you are to take advantage of this bargain, you must do it within the next few months. For as you leave the dock you see nearby the beginnings of a gleaming, white $3,800,000 bridge. As the ferry follows the channel the bridge falls further and further into the distance. You see that it curves gracefully over the waters and at its far end, like some great sea serpeat, it archs high into the air and slopes downward to solid land on the south side.

As the ferry churns along it gradually swings back toward the bridge and finally the grat hump looms above you. As the boat follows the channel beneath the bridge, you look up to the navigation span, 180 feet in length and 63 feet above the Water.

The bridge, you leant will be completed next January two years after it was begun. Then the ferries will be discontinued perhaps moved to other locations, .some perhaps retired from service.

Once on the other side of the bridge it is only a short trip to the dock and you drive off to head toward Hatteras.

Such a pleasant trip, you say, "Why build a bridge at all? The Highw'ay Commission doesnt have to answer this. You know when you retui-n in the late afternoon. Vehicles stretch for miles along the highw'ay, awaiting the ferries. You finally Inch your w'ay to a ferry. As you retiim you realize how impractical the system Is, for though the north bound boats are loaded, those headed south have only a half dozen cars.

But the trip back is restful after a days ride. Few people stir from their cars. There is more than one cat nap on the way back.

Then the boat docks and the bargain ride is over. Time: one hour. When the new bridge opens? Perhaps five minutes.

Quote

"An oldlimer has been defined as one who remembers when folks rested on Sunday instead of Monday." Mason City (Iowa) Globe-Gazette.

Case

Carriec.

Ro U.S.

RY JOHN CHAMBERLAIN Copyright, 1963, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

Two members of the United Force Party of British Guiana were in New York and Washington last week, hoping to interest Americans in saving their homeland from a Castroite takeover by the party of the de-magc^ic Marxist Cheddi Ja-gan. In carrying their case, which is nothing less than the case for human freedom in the western hemisphere, to the United States, they exhibited two kinds of courage.

The l(Mig-term courage or maybe the word for it is oi>-timism was that of Peter d'Aguiar, the Portuguese-descended head of the United Force Party, which, Incidentally, is a multi-racial coalition of whites, Negroes and mixed bloods. DAguiar was here to recruit for his party library a list of books explaining and dramatizing the development of North American democratic capitalist society. Not content with a namby-pamby 1962-63 list of one hundred books drawn up by the American Booksellers Association foy. export" by the USIA to explain the American way, DAguiar sought the counsel of Prank Wetzel (rf the Lincoln Educati(Mid Foundation. Mr. Wetzels organization specializes in recommending good books about the development of American Industry along voluntary lines and DAguiars assumption that there is a future for free enterprise in British Guiana after the British have pulled out would seem to be a supreme act of faith.

Anne Jardim, the single United Force Party Senatorial representative in British Guianas parliament, showed a different type of courage, that of the battler against short-term odds who expect to lose within six months unless a miracle happens. Senator Jardim is a personable young woman of fourth-generation Portuguese extraction who was educated at the London Sch(x>l of Economics. She makes her living as a personnel director for a local business in British Guiana, but her heart is obviously in her self-accepted cursade to save her nation fo rdemocracy. Her sense of urgency seemed to get her nowhere last week in Washington. The British, who want to quit Brtlsh Guiana, insist that the future of their colony is the business of the United States. But President Kennedy, declining to take the unwanted stepchild off the hands of the colonial office in London before the scheduled British pull-out, gave Senator Jardim no feeling of encouragement that our State Department is actively interested in preventing Cheddi Jagan from turning British Guiana into the first Castroite state on the South American mainland.

In talking of her dilemma in New York after the unsatisfactory business of visiting in Washington, Senator Jardim was a picture of agonized frustration. She had photostats of banking transactions which she offered as proof that Cheddi-Jagan whose dominant po-. litical party, consisting mostly of East Indian Hindu and Moslem immigrants, represents 42 per cent of the British Guiana vote is getting huge funds through go-betweens from Fidel Castro. She had otht photostats showing direct payments from Soviet Russia to Cheddi Jagans party. Though Jagan has not admitted to the'existence of the funds, banking employees who might have given the photostats to Senator Jardim have been fired.

It is Senator Jardims conviction that under a proportional representation scheme Jagan could be thrown out of office by the combined vote of the United Force Party (17 per cent in the last election) and the Peoples National Party which is predominantely African or Negro (42 per cent of the vote). But the British would have to Intervene to end Jagans control of the electoral process. Jagans wife, Janet, which means that she will have the local police at her beck and call once the British Governor-general signs a certain piece of paper, as he very likely will before the British depart within the next few months.

And with control of the police in his wifes hands, Jagan will obviously never permit another (Continued on Page 6)

The Foreign Brews Movinq In

$ 4 :-,5 8 00 15 00

MEMBER ASKOCI.4TED PRESS The Associated Press i.s exclusively entitled to u.-^e for publi-I credited to it or not otherwMsr

published

herein. All rights of publication of speciaj di.spatche.s here

Member Audit Bui eau of Cu t ula non

i^ublic

rorum

To the Editor:

Itu' future of our <uuuHy, land of ihe in'e and home of Uic brave, t; h.inrlna in I h t' balance uiilts.s wc move God u.'id now

God i,'- v!iving Us oppor-tiniily of tlu' ceuiurv. Will we accept IF* Or will w,' tail by letting them cru.cily Him aresIF

Many cannot go to \Va liing-ton to join in tlu* F; edom March VVedne.stlay. Aug 28 hut We can join them on our kiue.s in pia.vri

Let Us tlu rcturi- join in a pi aVei-\lliil from TOf'sH^v noon

to Wetlue.sday iiooii 'fast and ptav i. i.et not food nor drink touch our lips, but rather continuously cry to our loving heavenly Father the.se iwt*uty-four houi.s as Esther ;ne queen call-, ed on Him, when the ax hung ov r her nations head. He will an.swer us as he did her I.et us .send telegrams to con-PK.ssnuii urging them to vote for eivil rights for all Americans. Also let IKS afirm God is leading this march; victory is sun*

Humbly rcquc.sttui.

Rev. K, T. Hall .

4(KI Howell SI.

By ELMER ROESSNEK

The number of American bee>vs Ls fast diminishing. In 1943 there were 461 breweries turning out the foam At the start of thus year there were only 213. At the moment Fal-staff of St. Louis and Licbmann of Brooklyn are talking abolu a merger. Many other brewing firms are thinking along tlu* same lines.

The decline iu beers is greater than the decrea.se in breweries. In 1943. a typical brewery might produce a light and a dark beer, a sparkling and a .still ale. and perhaps several other brews. But the dark domestic bc'er.s have all but disappeared: more breweries concentrate on one or two light kind,s. Th(* success of Miller's has been attributed to the fact that the companv dropped a half - dozen other brands and put all its push behind High Life.

I.\ LVI Ui ItO.SKY \.\LE

It has been noti'il here before that there was once a

ley had its own brewery, using il.s ovvn water and many local skills and iugredient.s.

But they have been closing down fa.st. Since 1945 , 248 have bt'pu .shut, more than half.

Gne reason has been the shifting market patteni. In 1945, much of the beer was sold over the bar, in growlers or in bottlc.s. Today, 80 per cent Is sold In catKs and bottles and 40 p>r cent in supt\rbiarket.s. Moving any product through supermarkets lequires tremen dons promotion and advertLsing. and on national or regional scale The country brewery ha.sn't the finances to do it. nor could it can and bottle enough to meet the demand a big campaign might sell.

Many small breweries have faced the dilenuna: sell or go broke. Brewing has moved into big - league operation. DLs-linctive quality of a brew ha.s become le.ss important than the brewer's ability to give it large jiromotion and distribution.

A RAY OF HOPE

A ,V,,

the five leading brewers Increased their advertising by al-mo.st 50 per cent in the last five years. Their shares of the market increased. The shares of brewers who did not increa.se advertising sharply fell.

The Federal Trade CommLs-sion has been giving some attention to the shrinkage of competition. In one case it is demanding that Pabst divorce Blatz. But on the whole, it can do little because the urge to merge comes not from the de-.sire of big breweries to create monopolies, but from the desire of small ones to get out of crushing compction.

The .shrinkage of American brews has helped bring foreign beers into competition.

ABO IT 80 IMPORTS FLOW IN

At last report, .some 80 foreign beers and ales are being imported into this country. The late.st i.s Harp, an ale made by the Giune.ss people. There are excellent brews, too. from Germany, Holland. Denmark Greece. Mexico, .Japan and

nfho,- nniint4J| Almnat' An U-4

tlsh beers, ales, lagers, bitter, stouts and other varieties are available for export. And almost every week new and different beers made abroad appear on the American scene.

These do not completely replace the small, rural beers that are disappearing from the American scene. For <hi thing, transpoitation, duties and Umitr ed market make their prices higher than domestic beverages. For another, only a few are Imported in bulk, confining the iest to the bo^e and can market.

However, the rise In the in-come level of American families, the Importance of Imported beer as a status symbol, and the desire of many Americans tor a change from the bland domestic brews Is increasing demand. Trade sources estl-mate Americans will spend $20 million for foreign been this year and more hi 1964

Trade .source.s also say that American beers are being made more bland# In an ellort to win