Fneiay. August 2, 1963

School Fees Calling For Attention

Boards of Education of Greenville and Pitt matter before the new school term begins. If it Is County have given no indication of what action too late now to eliminate the special fees for the if anythey expect to take with regard to the broad coming term, at least they can establish a uniform range of special fees charged youngsters who at- system of fees so youngsters in different schools will tend schools under their jurisdiction. not be paying different rates of special fees. They

In approximately one month, local youngsters also begin immediately to work toward substan-

will begin another .school year. Unless tht school tially reducing the special fees before the 1964-65 boards take action immediately, parents of the.se school term begins a year from now. youngsters will be saddled with a wide and varying \ The problem will not solve itself. As poiicy-range of special school fees again this fall. making bodies for the school administrative units,

A number of months ago the matter of the the Boards of Education have the responsibility of variety and lack of uniformity of special fees initiating a program to deal effectively with the charged by public schools was called to the atten- problem. The longer they delay in getting down to lion of the people of North Carolina. Dr. Charle* tacks on the problem, the longer the matter

Carroll, superintendent of the State Department of w! be a thorn in the side of the public.

Public Instruction, called on local school boards to It is no small item in terms of dollars and centi

immediately bring about uniformity in th-?se fees With the special fees for typing, for example,

a< least within the same administrative units. He ranging as high as $18 per student in the county also called on the school boards to move immedi- school system, it is readily seen that a family.'^ bill ately toward eliminating these special fees eniirt*)y special fees may be considerable at the begiu-ftt the earliest po.s.sible moment. ing of each .school term.

So far as official action i.s concerned, the Green- Collectively, it is estimated that youngsters

ville Board of Education and the Pitt County Board who attend school in Greenville and Pitt County of Education have neither moved to establish a uni- administrative units pay somewhere in the neighbor-form sy.stem of fees nor to reduce these special fees, hood of $120.000 in the.se special fees each fall.

If the lack of uniformity in the fees has not been .sufficient to prompt action by the school boards and the public, certainly the total amount of these special fees should be sufficient to command immediate and special attention of the public as well as the Boards of Education.

The problem has been ignored too long already. It is time for the Boards of Education to move positively to deal with the problem.

Stairway To The Stars

The schools should do something about the

Gag Rule Most Controversial

BY WnJJAM A. .SHIRE.S GAO More has been said and written during the past mmth about the so-called Communist speakers gag law than anything else enacted by the 1963 General Assembly.

It Is easily the most cwitro-verslal piece of new legislation put on the bo<^ during the recent regular session. There have been numerous demands for Its repeal, and strong defenses of the law.

Much has been written about Its background, about its authors and about what it does and its effects.

The public debate pro and con has been loud and long. It has reached across and up and doaTi the state and received attention elsewhere in the country

It was, perhaps, inevitable that precise details of Wie legislative action would become clouded in the heat of controversy and that different ver-si(ms abmit what was said and what really transpired would emerge.

ENACT In contrast to the lengthy debate raging since its enactment cm June 26 legislative debate on Uie speakers gag was brief.

Here, according to notes taken In the press gallery at the time, Is the way It happened:

It was early afternoon on the day before the regular ses.slon finally adjourned. The gag bill, House Bill 1395, bearing the name of Rep. Phil Godwin of Oates as principal sponsor, was passed wi voice vote In the House and hurried to the Senate.

The adjournment rush was wi. Calendar committees and a conference committee on redls-trlcting were working. Officers in both houses were anxious to keep the decks cleared for the only major block to sine die adjournment, redlstrictlng.

Senate president Clarence Stone quickly called for the ayes and noes when the clerk read the title of the gag bill, HB 1395.

OBJECT Sen. W. Lunsford Crew of Halifax was wi his feet immediately after the clerk read the title of the bill. Crew wanted the bill explained and debated.

*T am very leery of these last minute bllLs, Crew said I am too, but this sounds like a good one. SUxie said.

Crew contended that this is a matter that could have bedh put in earlier in this session. Sen. Robert Morgan of Cleveland voiced a question about the provision In the bill barring speakers who have pleaded the Fifth Amendment in refusing to answer questions about Com

munist activities.

He said this was vague and unclear.

There was brief explanation and defen.se of the bill by Sen. WlJbur Jolly of PranklUn.

I see nothing very wrong with telling the administrations of our state-supported schools you shall not allow any cmn-munlst to come In and indoctrinate our children.

DEFENSE ~ The bUl, Jolly .said, bars from the campuses of state-supported schools any speacr known to be:

1. A member of the Communist party.

2. Known to advocate overthrow of the U. S. constitution or state constitution.

3. Has pleaded the Fifth Amendment in refusing to answer questions concerning alleged subversive activities.

Those who were objecting have misunderstood the bill Jolly said.

It just says they cant hear about communism from a known Communist.

ANSWER - This was answered by Sen. Perry Martin of Northampton who called it an emotional piece of legislation.

This Is another emotional thing that has come to us at the close of the session. Martin said.

You, by passing this bill are dignifying Communism and saying that you are afraid for the people of North Carolina to know about It. They have the rights to be Informed about any form of government.

VOTE Other senators were trying to get the floor, but Stone called for the ayes and noes.

There was a loud chorus of "noes, but Stone banged his gavel and declared the bill had passed on third reading an would be enrolled. Stone in a subsequent interview, has said that If there was a call for division <a standing vote) I didnt hear it, and I hear pretty well.

Reporters saw several senators on their feet when Stone ruled the bill had pa.ssed. Among them was Sen. Luther Hamilton, recognized by the chair after the ruling that sent the bill to enrolling office.

When Hamilton objected, Stone asked. Do you want to overrule the chair?

Hamilton said he had wished to call for a division on the voice vote and had sought recognition for that purpo.se.

I didnt see you, Stone said.

Sometimes, said Hamilton "we only .see what we want to see.

This," he said, Is not worthy of the Senate of North Carolina

The Daily Reflector

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a

Baruch See The Future

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By JAME.S MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) It was June 14, 1946, when Bernard Baruch, . S. delegate to the new U. N, Atomic Energy Commission, stated the American case for the future in the atomic age, or the future as it seemed then.

Less than a year before, on Aug. 6. 1945, the atomic age opened with the dropping of the firet bomb on Hiroshima.

We are here, Baruch told the commission, to make a choice between the quick and the dead.

Behind the black portent of the new atomic age lies a hope which, seized upon with faith, can work out salvation. If we fail, then we have damned every man to be a slave of fear.

MORE MORE MORE MORE MARLOW CONT R ........

He was a prophet beyond his own Imagining.

He outlined the American plan: An International atomic developement authority to control all phases of atomic development. Then for 17 years the nations talked about It but did nothing.

For the explosion at Hiroshima did more than destroy a city. It not only filled nations with fear of the bomb but with a profound ml.sglving about one another that was more unnerving than their fear of the bomb.

The Russians, to start with, wouldnt buy the Baruch plan. They had no bomb of their own then but they wouldnt let the United States have a monopoly if only until the Baruch plan became a reality, if ever.

And by 1953 they had developed their own hydrogen bomb and went on from there. In time the British and French, too. had their own explaslons, the Frinch far behind the British.

Then last week in Moscow, after all the years of talk and distrust, the United States, Britain and Russia agreed not to havp nuclear tests in the atom.s-phere, in outer space or under the sea. It was a very limited agreement.

They couldnt agree to give up testing underground. And they didnt agree not to on building more weapons, although the United States and Russia already have enough to eliminate themselves and probably half of mankind.

Even so the Moscow agreement, limited as it was, could be considered a first step perhaps toward more far-reaching understandings. Thus it might seem the other nations, with or without the bomb, might have an sense of exhilaration.

It didn't happen. The reper-ciisslons from Hiroshima were still too Intense.

In this country there was a feeling of gladness that at least .something has been accomplished after 17 years but it was dulled by tls first, immediate reaction: What are the Rus-

aians up to .now?

Historians, looking back upon this trembling time, may feci that man's pathetic condition in 1963 was summed up unintentionally Wednesday when W. Averell Harriman addressed a liuicheon at the National

3rief

In view of national sur-pluse.s for many basic food crop.H, It .seems that unified withdrawal of new reclamation would be lu order.Ontario tOre.) Argus-Observer.

Accidental death, as a re-.sult of swallowing poison, is-increaslng each year. You may not realize it, but more than 600.000 children each year vSW'allow .some kind of poison. <3uero (Tex.) Record.

Without profits, no capital investment. Without capital investment, no jobs, no dividends, or interest. In the long run, no tax revenues. Dun.smulr (Calif.) News.

Communities flouri.sh bc-rau.se the people living there keep faith. People have not he.sitated to make initial Investments. They invest in a home, in a business, In friend-ship.s, in living conditions. There are tho.se who are short sighted and fail to see that a community needs keeping up just as surely as does a home. Odessa (Wa.sh.) Record.

Strength For Today

BY KARI. L. IK)UG1.AS.S IN HROFER SEQUENCE When Jesus was tempted by Satan to turn stones into bre&d, the reply he made his opponent was. Man cannot live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God

We try pivtty Ijard In our duil.v living to live by bread alone. "The word of God well, that's for Sunday, thats for times when everything else fails, thats for ministers, saints, holy people "Dont talk that religious stuff to me. I'm practical. Religion is all right hi Its place, but its place i.s not down on the highways of life, in the office building, in the aisles of the .supermarket, on the golf course, or lu the country club at the end of the gapie Dont be silly. Be practical So goes the rra.sonlng of .omc. What Satan wanted Je.sus to do

wa.s to use his newly conferred miraculous powers selfishly and to acknowledge that the physical aspecls of life were more important tlian the spiritual. And this Jesus would not admit. Not by bread alone was his reply, Tliat Isnt enough.

Never have human behigs enjoyed such material advantages a.s do those of us who live hi such Iree counlrtes as the United Stat(> and Canada. We are constantly being tempted to put ttie material thiug.s o life first and keep them there These material things are Important. They must not however, be put first for they are not of primary importance The things of the spirit. the word" or the guidance that comes from God and the moral demands He makes of us thc.sc are of piimary. Im-mea.siirablc. Infinite, eternal importance "Not bread alone, but...

RfeS-MAHMlMC

By DON SCHLIENZ

Press Club.

Harriman, the American representative who reached the test ban agreement with th Russians last week, tried to allay the suspicous and the puzzlement of his audience:

Theres no secret agreement in this thing, no gimmick in it, no scret understanding.

Then' as if to be sure suspicions werent washed away in optimism, Harriman said the agreement on a test ban didn't mean Premier hKrushchev and abandoned his hope of commun-Izing the world. Harriman said he hadnt.

For that reason, even if the agreement is approved by a COTigress where there are many misgivings, Khrushchev will be watched In this country with just as much distrust as before. Naturally, he will be equally w'ary of the West.

That his distrust of one another is not exclusive with the United States and Russia was quickly demonstrated by Prance and Red China. Neither will sign the agreement, China, in fact called the whole thing a fraud.

They are no more willing to let the United States and Russia have a monopoly on nuclear w'eapons than Russia was to let the United States have it In 1946 when Baruch made his speech. Both wdll try to make their own weapon.*!.

Maybe a little was gained in the test ban agreement. But when that Is compared with the distrust and fear that obse.ss mankind in general, this first .step was hardly more than an initial visit to a psychiatrist.

Opinions

''n

ookina To Christmas?

Every year during the pre-Christmas season people fret about what to send distant members of the family, or friends.

Odds are that the pretty puzzled people dont know what* needed or what isnt needed; what might duplicate present possessions; is liked or disliked: clashes or goes with what they already have.

This problem can cause much head-shaking and fretting and hours of studying merchandise.

(Leave it to Schlienz to worry about these things in midsummer.)

Well, there just might be an answer in a chain of thought that evolved while pushing a lawnmower on a hot afternoon.

It worked out like this:

You send Items manufactured or grown or processed from your own county.

Simple, isnt it!

But it has some points in its favor, too.

The gift labeled Made In Japan may be attractive: but its attractiveness is multiplied by the awareness It was brought specifically for you, or mailed to you by a friend or relative, from Japan. The same thing applies to an article made in Italy, Germany, Ireland or Turkey. If it comes directly to you there is an added undefinable value.

Some little gimcrack of a sov-venir, having no particular use and dubious value, holds a special place In ones esteem if it Is a product of a distant place and if it was brought home or sent home as a gift.

Things we take for granted, here, will enchant people who are unfamiliar with them.

I remember a year ago when a bus-load of New Jersey people visited Greenville; each was given a souvenir bundle of golden leaf tobacco. They had never seen anything like It, and all over the place they were

Other E(ditors Saying. And Ungladly Teach

(Christian Science Monitor)

It is sad and disturbing to see how many and serious are the abuses of the trend toward Increasing research by teachers in American higher education.

Faced with the preblem a few college and university administrators are speaking out critically. Many are quietly struggling to preserve balance between the vital function of teaching and the equally vital, rewarding, and often spectacular persuit of knowledge.

And others are irresponsibly exploiting the lure of the faculty post without teaching duties, or with the promise of but little teaching.

We can understand that faculties and college officials are restrained in talking about this situation publicly because of the depth of the difficulty and also Its complexity, for there are no easy solutions. But they wdll not object, we hope, if their friends among the general public speak more bluntly.

Some institutions today are purchasing intellectuals very much as they used to purchase football players, for prestige and to the detriment of the university. Some faculty m e m-bers are allowing themselves to be so utilized, for reasons that on their part are primarily self - centered.

It should be said in fairness that no individual faculty member can be condemned out of hand for choosing the honorable path of re.search. But neither can the faculty of which he is a part be released from the obllRatlon to protect its parallel function of teaching.

This Is a dilemma which

the conscience of the faculty alone can resolve.

Having said these hard things, of which there are multiplying and shocking examples in an otherwise very encouraging picture, it is important to avoid misunderstanding. Basic research is a function of the university. Where else should it be done? The pull of the modem world is good on a university, and there Is a tremendous, legitimate demand for its trained thinkers to take part in society.

How do you draw and hold the younger members of a faculty if they ai-e to be isolated by a heavy teaching assignment from what is happening on the frontiers of scholarship? Still more Important, teaching too often goes stale and loses its vitality if it is not linked to innovation and given fire and actuality by involvement.

It would be a disaster to institutions and country to divorce the two in todays world.

So it is conscience and balance that are needed; encouragement rather than penalty for those who want mainly to teach, and new techniques for keeping them up with the times. It is personal responsibility on tlie part of more senior members of the faculty who drift further from the classroom, so that teaching shall not be left to the young instructors alone. The good qualities of both age groups are needed to offset each others shortcomings.

And it is also a sharp eye for abuses, personal and Institutional. In proportion as the faculty values its role in education. It will consider these matters for its best attention.

The Brotherhood of Loc'o-motive Firemen and Engine-men has practically burst a boiler in its anger at the Southern Railway. Seems that the Southern complied with a court order to hire 100 locomotive firemen by giving jobs to 100 elderly, unemployed Negroes. Since firemen have no duties at all to perform the railroad explained, no skills, iraining, physical standards or education are required, and thus 'it seemed reasonable to employ unskilled elderly people who are having a hard time finding jobs. Theres someone, said the Little Baby Bear, sleeping in MY feather bed. New York Herald-Tribune.

Quota

System

Debate

vowing to show It to their friends, keep it. treasure It, etc.

Somewhere there should be a list of items manufactured, processed or grown in the boundaries of Pitt that might help in making the selections. If there is no such list, compiling one couldnt be an arduous task; and Id bet that when completed, it might be surprisingly long. (Bulky, too, if one included boats and trailers.)

A flight of fancy carried the foregoing inspiration to a higher plane.

Suppose an entrepreneur packaged small quantities of Pitt County soil in a light-weight plastic container. There would have to be directions on how to use it, and they might read;

Find a square yard of level ground; stand back knd carefully sprinkle contents of this container over the selected space; remove hat or cap, then step on your native soil and face in the direction of North Carolina. Son, you are home again.

Cant you just visualize a booming business in this product? We have hundreds of Pitt Countians scattered all over the landscape outside our borders . . - .-and more going each year. Each represents a steady customer and a potential salesman.

In the course of time P tt County could eventually cover more square miles than all of North Carolina.

But somehow I dont really believe all this will happen.

Quote

The doctors say coffee may be bad for the heart. Weve already been told, at one time or another, that tea and cocoa may have adverse effects. They say milk may clog up arteries with fat, soft drinks rot the teeth, alcoholic beverages are bad for the liver, and drinking water may have too many chemicals and traces of detergent in It. For the worrier it may be a long, dry sununer. Daily Oklahoman.

BY JOHN CHAMBERLAIN Copyright, 196S. King features Syndicate, Inc.

One of the worst thipgs about the modem conflict of ideologies is the way it has of turning even the most benevc^ntly Intended policies into (jngerous traps.

There U President Kennedys proposal to change our inunisf-ration 1|M, for example. Im-miraddrarimder present legls-latira^ by Jquota related to the nauonal ^ins percentage of the existing U. S. population. Thus the British Isles, Germany, the Schandinavian natl(s and Italy, countries which have accounted for the largest numbers of Americanized Immigrants in the past, have a legal right to the biggest continuing quotas. The 1952 Walter-McCarran Act amendment to the quota system permits a basic allowance of one hundred Immigrants a year to any country, irrespective of the number of its nationals who have previously transferred their citizenship to the United States. This basic measure of exemption was made to remove the feeling that our Immigration quotas are based on a philosophy of racial discrimination.

Nevertheless, the charges of discrimination crop up whenever the Walter-McCarran Act is discussed. President Kennedy has himself called the natlwial origins system discriminatory. He has asked Congress to shift to a world quota basis, with the current national quotas being phased out over the next flve years. Eventually the Idea would be to put a celling on any single nation at a cut-off figure equalling ten per cent of the total of a world quota of 165,(XK) annual Immigrants.

As one who grew up In the melting pot era of American life, I have never had any feeling that restrictions on immigration are desirable for purely ethnic reasons. My playmates on Park Street In old pre-urban renewal New Haven, C(mnectl-cut. Included John Slnosky, a Pole; Abie Silver, a Jew Pritchard Clue, a Negro; Willie Murray, an Irish boy; Lester Zimmerman, a German Gordon Swebilius, a Swede; and Lin-wood Tower, a Yankee. We got along together in a good freemasonry, even though we were careless at times with our ethnic epithets, and I have often wondered what became of our old innocent multl-raciah Fourth Grade School gang.

All the Innocence of that pre-World War I era evaporated, however, with the rise of the ideologies. The big trouble with immigration In the modem age is that there seems to be no good way of screening out the sleeper agents of malevolently disposed foreign powers that are bent on killing emocratlc capitalism throughout the world.

Since Communists are willing to use the lie as an instrument of policy, there is no ready method of preventing a totalitarian agent from reaching our shores under a cover designed to make him acceptable as a prospective citizen with a desirable economic skill.

Any proposed changes In our immigration laws, then, should be considered from a practical standpoint: would or would they not Increase the likelihood of making cover easier for the Commimlstfi? The unintended virtue of the present national quota system is that the British Isles, Germany, the Scandinavian countries, and Italy art the heirs to western traditions, and hence presumably less likely to produce potential Communists. True enough, there Is the possibility that an immigrant from Germany may have a hidden predilection for Nazism which will subsequently crop out during a demonstration on the street of the YorkvIUe neighborhood in New York City. And, since the opening to the East has encouraged Communist inroads in Italy, there may be more Kalians who might be provided with cover to conceal their true ideological commitments. But, in general, the existing national quota system assures the United States that It will receive immigrants who are disposed to accept a free phllospl^.

The problem. If the Walter-McCarran Act Is to be replaced, would be to make sure that the . S. Is not InfUtrated with a bigger proporti(m of Immigrants who would owe their primary allegiance to totalitarian institutions. My own feelings are clear: the more Hungarian Freedom Fighters that come to this country, the better I would like It. Similarly with antl-Castro Cubans and pro-Chlang Kai-shek refugees who escape from the Chlr

Travel Aaents Want Fare Cuts

By ELMER K0ES8NEK When the inteniatlonai airline tx'ust meets in Salsburg, Austria, next month, it will face vigorous demands from American and other travel aRenls to do .soiiie-tliing about the charter - flisht iiiusine.s.s whicli in many In.slanc-es is little more than a racket.

Tiie tnisL is the International Air Transport Association, an organization of some 90 airlines who fix inteniatlonai air rates. Whenever I call this organization a trust or cartel. I get nasty lettei-s from it. But It still is a trust and a cartel and, because of its conspiracies against the traveling public, it costs twice as much to fly across the Atlantic as it does to fly across land.

The American Society of Travel Agents plans to make strong protests against the present charter-fligtit set-up While tian.^atlanlic ialt's arc high, there are great bargains in charter flights.

%

Wlieu an organization can get enough members to sign up for a flight to Eurepe and return, it can get round - trip rates considerably under the lowest economy fares.

There are some restrictions; the organization must have been in existence for a while; it must not be purely a travel organization; and only membere of six months or more and their families can get the low rates. The United States Civil Aeronautics Board, which regulates charter flights originating in the U.S.. has what Is called the affinity nile

This means only dues - paying members and their affinities can take advantage of these lower fares. The affinities are jjot what you may think: that refers to members of families and others in close legal, family and other relationship. EVERYBODY WANTS TO GET INTO ACT With bai'gaius flouting around.

many want to get in on them. There are reports that some organizations have pre - dated members to make them eligible. Others have accepted strangers as nieces and nephews of members.

Chaiter flights were originally arranged by nonschedule airlines, but they generated so much revenue that now most transatlantic Unes charter planes to these 'groups.

Many of the groups are well established and enforce the affinity rule scrupulously. Others have vague histories. Sometimes because they have dealt with financially unstable nonscheduled airlines, or with Incompetent arrangers, a plane load of travelers Is stranded in Chicago. New York or elsewhere.

Of the many travel agencies in the U. S.. le.ss than 40 ar-i-angc charter flights. The oth-("'ns keep lo.sing customers to charter flights. Some of their regular customeis boil over be

cause they are not tUglbl for cheap charters while their neighbors are. And most agents beUeve they could sell many more tickets if noncharter rates were lower.

WHAT ASTA WANTS

The American travel agenta wUl ask lATA to reduce transatlantic fares substantially; to discard the affinity rule and ask the CABS permission to allow discounts to any group; to set minimum rates for charter fares, perhaps $50 to $75 lesa than the lowest economy fares, and to authorize all travel ag-ens to charter aircraft. At present, only those authorized by airlines can get into the charter business.

The ASTA proposals will probably get support frwn Pan American, which has already proposed cheaper fares to Ha-waU as weU as to Europe. However, some of the foreign lines, which are operating under political direction, will resist.