Wedneday, July 24, 1963

There IS One Other Little Question

Governors Swinging Off Course

There was a time when the annual governors conference was primarily a workshop for the chief executives of the various states to discuss mutual problems apd attempt to solve some of the problems facing state governments.

Recently the conference seems to have become primarily a political forum used for advancing hopeful candidates for high federal office The old idea of devoting many hours to discussing state problems has been shunted into the backgroun I. For the sake of appearance there are still discussion sessions but these seem to have been relegated to a position of secondary importance.

At least so far as this years conference is concerned, the primary interest seems to have been a battle along party lines to boost the respective Democratic and Republican labels in the national political picture. The hassel over whether the governors should, by resolution, try' to tell Congress how to resolve the civil rights issue now before it has claimed primary attention.

Maneuvers by supporters of potential presidential candidates in an effort to show strength has been another highlight of the conference.

Far in the background have been any penetrating discussions of the problems and responsibilities which face the governors and their individual

Big Attack On The DroDouts

ny WnXIAM A. SHfRKS.

VMIT Official* of the fan-Ustcally wealthy and education minded Ford Foundation eaime to North Carolina more lhaa six mmith* ago In search of an idea which tlM>y considered far<ishted and promising

enough to deserve financial backing.

It was fertile ground and the visit is bearing fruit, expected to be in the neighborhood of |!0 million over the next four yeara for unique educational experiments.

The foundation officials were attracted to North Carolina prln-cipaJly by the state's recent advances In education and its continued emphasis, as Gov. Terry Sanford puts it, on Improving educational cH>portunlty from the first grade through the graduate school.

They sought information about various problems in education and efforts to overcome them, especially if the efforte^volved new. modem and relatively unproved methods. If promising enough, the foundation would be willing to help test them.

IMPRESSED The foiind-ation officials toured the state, meeting and talking to various leaders, educators, businessmen, Industrialists and newspaper editors, and went away impressed.

They were favorably impressed both in terms of what was being done and what needed doing. They were impressed with ie public attitude and educational atmosphere in the state.

They were aware of the National Education Asaoclatlons ranking North Carolina first in the naUon in 1961-2 In improvement. i.e., enrichment, in public school education.

RANGE Even more impressive was the range of education programs being recommended and later approved by the 1963 legislature.

Theae Include a broad new iate Higher Education plan with 180 miUlon to be spent in 196.MIS fw capital Improvements at the college and university level. cmtinued support and enrichment of public schools at the rate of 1570 million for the 1>lennlum: new programs for mentally retarded children, a program for talented pupils, expanding of vocational education and industrial training and ex-tenaion of educaUcmal television

In addlUon. not recommended initially by the Sanford administration but voted by the Gen-rial Assembly, a proposed IIOO million state school bond issue wffi be submitted to a referendum later this year.

NEEDS As ambitious and far-reaching as such a program la. the <tfficials also heard about preashig and perplexing problems and needs.

At the current rate of growth TiaggMBrng. aigr I ........

and enrichment, it will be 1970 before North Carolina reaches the national average in public school support. Teacher salaries are below the national average. Local support is lacking or unavailable in much o the state. The average number of pupila per teacher is too high. Books, libraries, classrooms are a pressing problem. North Carolina's rate of Illiteracy is high. Only 20 per cent of its high school graduates go on to college, College dropouts are a major problem.

What then, the Ford Foundation officials asked, is the most serious problem which might be overcome or reduced dramatically with a broad, adequately financed new program

DROPOUTS Almost unanimously, the answer was public school dropouta.

Sanford told the questioners frankly that although fewer dropouts appeared to be a sign of progress, the statistics are not only alarming but are appalling.

The idea the foundation officials were seeking began to take shape. It took more definite shape last week. Sanford, within a week's time, was able to announce two new programs Involving new appnoacbes to the problem of dropouts.

The first, announced in Wa.sh-Ington with Labor Secretary Willard Wlrtz. is Joint federal-state demonstration project, "Operation Second Cluuice, In which approximately $140,000 will be made available from the Manpower Development and Training Act to train selected young people who already hav dropped out of school

PROGRAM The second, far bigger and broader, is a non-goveniment experimental type program aimed at the roots of the dropout problem. It is this which will be supported by the Ford Foundaticai. state foundations and other backers.

It will Involve Improvement of teaching basic educatlcm in the early grades on the theory that without the basic fundamentals a pupil falls behind and becomes discouraged in school work before reaching high school.

Investigation wi a concentrated teaching program in California brought a North Carolina Educator to asik a student about his attitude toward education. The reply, Sanford said, was Mister, this is the first time school's ever made any sense to me.

Various methods will be employed by teachers and teams of teachers In 20 or more rural and urban communities, Sanford .said. Emphasis will be on improving teaching of reading, writing and arithmetic In the first three grades tnd a new method of introducing vocational education in high school.

The Daily Reflector

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stateu.

Domestic problem.^ which are confronting: the nation on the domestic front cannot be entirely separated from the problema of state jfovernment. But after all, Congress is charged with the primary re.Hponsibility in this field so far as the federal government is concerned. The other problems which face the states are directly the responsibility of the chief executives of those states. On an occasion such as the annual governors conference, the chief executives could better serve their respective constituents by confining their discussions to state government problems, TBe)ie will not be solved above tho state goveinmert 'elel unless the state governments default in their re^onsibilities . . . which most citizens are extr>fiiely reluctant to see them do.

If the annual governors conference is going to dl.ssolve into a mock congress or a political convention, it will serve little real purpose so far as the well being of state governments is concerned.

Some Inconveniences Necessarily Result

Whenever Improvemente have to be made to streets or utilities installations in various parts of the city, there is bound to be a certain amount of inconvenience in traffic movement.

This is recognized by the public, and in most case.s the public in patient with the situation. They realize that major improvements require time, and some inconvenience is part of the price for these improvements.

Those re.sponaible for the improvements, however, should exerci.se every effort to see, that the period of inconvenience is held to the very minimum. In the past few weeks around Greenville there seems to have been more than the normal amount of street and utilities work. Consequently there has been more than the normal re-routing of traffic around areas where the work is being done.

In a few instance.s, such as the major thoroughfare of Elm Street, the segment between 10th and 14th streets has been closed to through traffic for several weeks. In the same areaalong Ea.st 10th Streettraffic movement has been considerably hampered by utilities-work along the right-of-way. * .

It is necessary that the improvements be made, and they cannot be made without some inconvenience. It is also necessary that efforts should be made to keep the inconvenience to a minimum and that traffic flow on all streets be restored at least partiallyif not to normalat the earliest possible moment.

The Net Effec "s' Compulsory

By DON SCHLIENZ

Diary From Uneasy Bee.

The segment of a diary you are about to read is tfue. Only the names dates and Places have been omitted for the sake of discretion.

On arrival at the hospital, in a 45-degree angle due to extreme pain in my back, all I wanted was to get into that beautiful bed; for In another few minutes I felt scwmeone would have to bodily place me there.

Just as I began the painful process of getting comfortable on the bed, the door banged open and a nurse accompanied by an orderly holding in his arms what appears to be a Boy Scout pup tent rush In, I was told to get up and sit in a chair while my bed was fixed. It looked fine to me as It was.

The mattress was removed and the pup tent rolled out on the springs (I was told these were slats). As badly as my back ached, why ruin that wonderful bed with a mess of

boards!

At last I was allowed to put my aching back on the bed. The head was rolled to a certain height as was the foot, and Im told not to change this at any time. How I was expected to sleep like that is still beyrnid me,

I close my eyes, thinking now I'll get a little nap: but the door opens again and a young man in white with a , tray of vials and bottles and tubes walks in. Four or five vials are filled with my beautiful bllie blood, and I tell him he had better get my blood type; for with taking that much, I would need a transfusion. It is dismaying to see your blood leave the room on a tray.

I could not think of anything else that had to be done, so again try to get that much-needed nap. But...no...in comes an aide with thermometer and sticks it in my mouth and leaves. I close my eyes, and about 15 minutes later feel a

By JAME.S MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) Pre.s-ident Kennedy .says hLs plan for settling the railroad dispute is Intended to avoid compulsojy arbltrati(HT. But the net effect in large noeasure could wind up being compulsory arbitraticm.

Nevertheless, an examination of the plan indicates it's a thought-out device for taking much of the steam out of the four-year long argument between the railroads and the unions.

Kennedy asked Congress Monday to pass a resolution giving the 11-man Instertate Commerce Commission authority to go over the whole dispute ahd give rulings which would stay in effect for two years after they were made.

The ICCs authority would last two years from the day Congress passed the resolution.

During that time if the unions or railroads didn't like a ruling and wanted to strike or shut down the ICC could get a federal court injunction forbidding such action.

Briefly thLs is the background before looking at what Kennedy proposed:

The railroads argue that, thanks to modern improvements. they could operate $H00 million a year cheaper if (hey werent saddled by thousands ot Jobs they consider unnecessary.

For example: diesel engines have almost completely replaced steam locomotives. The railroads say that while firemen were needed on the steam locomotives, they are unnecessary on the diesels.

So they want to eliminate about 35,000 firemens jobs, about 10,000 right away, the re.st over the years through re-lUement or death or quitting. In addition, they want to eli-mate about %,000 other Jobs over a period of time.

A presidential commis s 1 o n and a presidential board went along with the Idea of eliminating jobs. The Supreme Court upheld the right of the railroads to do the eliminating.

The unions not only refused to agree, they threatened a strike if the railroads started Job-cutting. They refused to let some outsider an arbitrator give a ruling that would be binding on unicxis and railroads.

Congress, to prevent a strike, could compel the two sides to accept arbitration. This would be compulsory arbitration. Thats a dirty word with American management and labor, and Congress doesn't like It, either.

Still, Kennedy and Congress do not want a crippling strike. So Kennedy, to prevent it. came up with the device he suggested Monday. If Cwgress approves, there can be no strike for at least two years.

But. while it is supposed to avoid coinpulsoi*y arbitration, this is hof It would work:

As soon as Congress approves the resolution, a.s it probably will in some form, the ICC would be empowered to act in the case. It would have thw authority for two years, lls mam task would revolve around

manpower and jobs.

The two sides could file applications for rulings. Once the ICC gave a ruling, it would stay in effect two years.

This could happen: Right near the end of its two-year term the ICC might give a ruling which would have to stay In effect for two years afterward. ThLs means the ruling would be in effect four years after Congress passed the resolution.

This seems far-fetched. Almost surely It wont happen but this will: As soon as the ICC is empowered to act, the railroads will dump all their job problems in ICCs lap to get action fast.

The ICC Ls supposed to act within 120 days or as soon thereafter as possible after getting a request for a ruling.

If the ICC decided a number of firemens Jobs should be eliminated, then those jobs would be eliminated for two years. But right here it would seem from what Kennedy said, the railroads might not be saving a lot of money.

Prom the way Kennedy phrased hLs message Monday it would appear that men whose Jobs were abolished or most of them would be shifted to other jobs or retrained for others. The railroads would have to keep paying them for some time. So there wouldnt be big savings in a hurry.

Kennedy said, citing the opinions of the presidential com-mLsslon and board; No one would be thrown out wi the street; and. while the railroads gradually modernized their operations, there would be little, if any, loss to individual employes.

It could be concluded from this suggestion that the ICC. right from the start, would not have a completely free hand in eliminating Jobs.

At the same time an examination of Kennedys message pretty clearly indicates the unions would have to accept the ICCs ruling since that commission could get a court injunction to prevent a strike.

At least the unions would have to accept the ruling for the two-year period after the ICC made them. In this sense the ICC rulings would be compulsory arbitration. What would happen after the ICCs two year of Jurldisctlon ended

The unions and railroads would have to negotiate agreements. Supposedly, theys have to be negotiating settlements all through the two years of ICC authority.

Then there's this; Suppose thousands of Jobs had been eliminated by the ICC In that two-year time and men. if not fired. were moved Into other Jobs. At the end of the two years the unions wouldnt have much ground for striking again.st jobs etinilnntion.s that has tieen in ellect two years.

All in all. this proposal would at least d< lay fireworks for two years.

Other Editors Saying... essons For Assembly

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

Gov, Terry Sanford Is hopeful that North Carolinas Assembly will be able to avoid Oklahomas troubles over redlstrlcting when a special session Ls called in Raleigh around the middle of September. The special session will deal with redlstrlcting in this state, as called for by the North Carolina con.stRutlon, without distractions of other possible issues.

At least two matters threaten to arise and disrupt consideration of redlstrlcting when the special session is called. Those two Lssues are an effort to repeal the CommunLst or Fifth Amendment pleader for a speech, and a name that will please both the university officials and N. C. State alumni.

The General Assembly has dragged its feet to Iwig on re-districting; it will no doubt devote the full special session to the matter that could bring in federal court intervention unless state action Is taken. In Oklahoma last Wednesday a special three-judge federal court took an unprecedented step in reapportioning both hopses of that state on a strict population basis.

It marked the first time a federal court has actually reshuffled legislative seats in any state. It acted because it is convinced the Oklahoma Legislature Is either unable or unwilling to reapportion itself.

The same actlcm threatens North Carolina unless legislative steps are taken to remedy the situation. The decision in Oklahoma gives city residents the louder voice in the legislature they had sought for 20 years.

Population shifts in this state has brought about a similar situation, Where rural areas were once dominant in North Carolina, industrial emphasis has drawn a major portion of the population to the Piedmont. Representation, however, hasnt been adjusted accordingly. Consequently. a large segment of the population feels it is not fairly represented. Hence, the Increasing pressure for redis-trlcting.

Legislators in Oklahoma had long ignored the provisions of that states constitution which called for reapportionment on a population basis each 10 years. The constitution had placed a limit of seven House members to a county, A year ago the court ruled this provision discriminates against city dwellers.

Hasty reapportionment bills were passed by both houses of the Oklahoma legislature but the federal court rejected them, branding them a patchwork of political maneuvering and manipulation. It is hoped such motives do not obscure the real goal behind the special session scheduled by otir own General Assembly in September.

hand on my wrist. At last! Someone feels sorry for me. But it is only the aide counting my pulse.

After 21/2 hours in the hospital and no rest. Surely no one would bother me now.... then there is a clanking noise in the hall and my supper comes in at 4:50 p.mi Ill be starved by bedtime.

Things go quietly until 9:15 p.m. Then I am rolled over and given a back rub and sleeping pill. At last Ill get some sleep.

5:30 a.m. An aide dashes in and cheerfully says Good morning. Here is a robe for you to wear to X-Ray. I am groggy frwn the sleeping pill and use all my faculties to put on this important robe. Then in the same cheerful voice Oh no. Not now; you dont do this until 7:00 oclock. I asked why give it to me now; but no answer,

I slump into a nembutal hangover, and at 6:15 a thermometer Is pushed In my mouth and left for what seems like ages.

6:30 a.m. a wet wash cloth is scrubbed over my face and hands, and 1 am told to be ready for X-Ray in half an hour. Still suffering a hangover I finally get that white robe on me, and find it opens in the back and strings that are supposed to be there for tying are not all there.

7:00 a.m. a wheel chair arrives and I am assisted to it. Just as we rolled out of my room the elevator at the other end of the hall was going down and my attendant wanted to make this trip. If you have never rolled 10 miles an hour in a wheelchair. . . Dont!

After X-rays it was decided to take me back on a rolling stretcher. The view of the ceiling and lights made me feel I was in a Ben Casey film.

Hospitals are wonderful places to be ihen 111 I guess but certainly no place to go for a rest.

So endeth the diary passages.

The patient, incidentally, fully recovered from that back ailment: so the experience

must have been beneficial. Nor did the ordeal dampen the diary-writers good humor. , for It was penned in that uneasy bed.

Quote

To talk in public, to think in solitude, to read and to hear, to inquire and answer Inquiries, is the business of a scholar.Samuel Johnson.

Xnowg

POW

CamDS

By JOHN CHAMBERI.A1N

Copyright, 1963. King Peafeures Syndicate, inc

ke is a short man, a native of Hungary,- and he talks lowly and carefully in a precise, though oddly accented. English. His eyebrows are strong ajid heavy, giving an impression; of hidden physical reserve. On his left arm there Is a tattooed ftlln-tificatlon mark, the ineradicable reminder of his compulsory registration in a Nazi concentration camp.

During World War n he was shuttled about from canp to camp by his captors: Just before he was scheduled for execution and an anonymous grave he escaped and managed to make his way to General Lucky Forward Pattons lines. It was his second escape from totalitarianism, for, as a captured officer of the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I, he had been sent away to northeastern Siberia. When the Bolsheviks grabbed him, he managed to buy his freedom by pretending he was a skilled veterinarian and hence exchangeable for a Russian veteriarian whom Lenins government wanted back.

The point of this introduction to the career and character of Dr. Bela Fabian, the head of the Federation of Hungarian Former Political Prisoners, is that he knows what it is like to be stuck away behind barbed wire or in a remote place from which attempted escape is usually a form of suicide. As a survivor of the Nazi hell of Auschwitz, Dr. Fabian considers that a duty has been laid upon him to spend the rest of his life working to save political prisoners who are still being held Incorhmunicado. There are plenty of them today, in Soviet Russia and in China and they include among them some 63,-000 Hunprian compatriots of Dr. Fabian who were carted away to Kazakstan in Soviet Asia after Khrushchevs armored divisions had finished the business of smashing the Hungarian Revolution.

Originally the seized Hungarian pols were 75,000 in nutn-ber but, as a measure of hi.s willingness to soften a bit. Khrushchev allowed 12.000 of the captives to be repatriated, but that W'as long ago as a prisoner .s life is reckoned, in 1958. The remaining 63,000 prisoners have had five years of forced labor in the Soviet Union since the token repatriation of the 12,-(K)0.

Now the talk Is that sonw non-aggression agreement mi^t be worked out between the Nf|jL-TO nation^,,, and the Soviet SM-ellite nations of Eastern Europe. Khrushchev, in suggesting a pact, has been showing his pleasant side. As the poet Robert Frost said, Khrushchev has the ability to seem a genial ruffian. Such ruffians are tn marked contrast to Stalin, who was generally dour and Implacable and whose humor was heavily sarcastic.

A genial Khrushchev int^t on playing the role of Dr. Jekyll may be better for the western world than the shouting, s h o^-banging Bolshevik version .,of Mr. Hyde. But Dr, Bela Fabian sees it somewhat differently. He isafraid that, in a p^-iod of amity between the W^t and Moscow, the 63.(KX) Hungarian prisoners will be forgott*. Among the 63,000 there w e ft, when the original seizure made, some 7,000 girls, tn|n aged 13 to 18. "The lucky onts among those girls, sayi Br. Fabian broodii^ly, were thiRe who managed to find singl id'-ers among the Russians to' PR>-tect them. Svetlana Tukash#-sky, whose father, the fam^s Marshal Tukashevsky, was cy-cuted during the big purge spf the Nineteen Thirties, bcfrieit-ed the 7,000 Hungarian girls-and some of them have mft-aged to get letters posted to iSe West, which is how Dr. Fa3>-ian has been able to keep tnwk of what goes on In Kazakst^.

The UN has not been ableao do anything for the Hungar^n prisoners in Kazakstan. Thsre have been amnesties of a s(Rt (in relity, suspended sente^-es) in Hungary, where Dictatpr Kadar is now aspiring to be called a liberal. But there has been no amne.sty, no Bay of P1 s type of ransom, for the deportees. Sennlcw Hubert Humphity tried to talk to the visiting Soviet envov Mikoyan about (he Kazakstan prisoner: when was In Washington, but ail the (Continued on page 5>

Businessmen Must Be Readers '

By KIJVfKR ROESSNER

Businessmen must be reading more. The flood of new books has not been dried by summer heat. Each week scores of new titles appear. That wouldnt happen If businessmen and students and libraries werent terrifically occupied in finding out whats what.

Of course, business books dont face televlsiwi competition, which novels do.

McOraw Hill and Prentice-Hall appear to be in a race In shoving most titles on the market, but Fairchild and trade associations are not far behind.

Business books fall into many classes. Some are bread-and-butter types, those packed with hard information about what to do with specific problems. Here are some recent titles;

HOW TO GET THE CASH

Profitable Use of Credit In Selling and Collecting, by Al-lyn M. Schiffer. Fairchild. 277 pagc.s. Schiffer runs his

own ciiwH! and collection busi-nes.s and he tells huw to get In there and sell and collect.

American Highway Atlas, by road%iap specialists, FolJeLt

Publishing Co., Chicago, $1.95. Since the gas companies have been slowing down production of road maps, this is useful for over-the-road shippers, salesmen and executives. Maps are of current vintage

Bank T el 1 e r s Dos and Donts, a revision of a 1952 booklet by American Bankers Association, New York, $1.25.

A c c 0 u n t a n t's Encyclopedia, by authorities, Prentice-Hall four Volumes and 1,700 pages. $39.50. Just what the title indicates.

Cost Controls for Industry, by Thomas S. Dudick, Prentice-Hall, 308 pages, $15. A text book by a management consultant

DEALING WITH UNCLE SAM

Manual for Federal Trade Regulations Affecting Retailers. edited by James J. Bliss and Ira M. MilLstcin. NaUonal Retail Merchants Aa>ociation, 240 pages, $20 to nonmembers. Trenchant guidance In facing j'.ovornnipnt regulator.s.

Taxation and nnsine.s,s Planning." by lIoiKstin SliO(i,ev. Henry W, Sweeney and Gerald P. Brady. Prentlce-Hall. 4.50 page.s. $15. Taxation Is a tough sub

ject but, as these authors show, unless the businessman masters it, it will master him.

Techniques of Plant Engineering & Maintenance, by various experts, Clapp & Poliak, New York, 250 pages, $10. The 14th volume in a series of annual reporLs on the Plant Engineering & Maintenance Conference.

Complete Guide to the Rob-Inson-Patman Act. by Wright Patman himself, Prentice-Hall, 401 pages, $15. If you plan to do a little monopolizing, read this book, then dont,

BETTER BUSINFJiS TECHNIQUES

There is also a class of books that offer new Ideas in specific areas. Among the recent crop arc;

Improving Salesmens Use of Time, a research report, Sales Executives Club of New York. 108 pages, paper, $3.50 to nonmrmbers. How to organize and control salesmen.s work, How I helped More Th.in 10,-MK) Inve.stors to Profit In S'ocks' bv E. George Schaefer, Prentlce-Hall, 244 pages. $4.95. A revision of an earlier

work.

Professional Achievement for Engineers and Scientists, by Tyler G. Hicks. McGraw Hill, 364 pages, $7.95. A guide to making more money in these fields. .1

How to Make Big Money in Direct Selling, by Henry Flar-sheim, Prentice-Hall, 219 pages $9.95, YOU can get in there and SELL, SELL, SELL, from door to door.

The tide is still rolling In. There will be more capsule reviews .soon.

SHORT Sc SIGNIFICANT

business news items Retailers put too much pressure on employees, chisel on overtime and do not allow ployees to communicate, Rowland Allen, retired department store executive, told a New York management workshop. . . June was the best sales month in color television so far. RCA report.s.....The Textile in

dustry has emerged from fbe doldnim.s and is enjojring a prolonged period of stability, according to the Value Line Iiv-vestmcnt Survey. ^ *