Thursday, July 11, 1963

Essentially, It'^ A Local Problem

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Speaking Of Bookkee^g

The problem of drop-outs which faces the public schools of North Carolina cannot be successfully dealt with at the state level alone.

E^ntially, the matter boils down to what the individual community is going to do to cope with its own youngsters and the particular situation in its own schools.

There is no escaping the fact that the primary responsibility for the high rate of drop-out* among school-age youngsters must rest with the parents. If they were so inclined, the parents, Individually and collectively, could do far more than is now being ^done to reduce the number of youngsters who drop out of school each year.

By guidance given their youngsters, by the example they set, and by the general atmosphere created within the community, parents could encourage many of the would-be drop-outs to remain in school

Debate Swirls On Speech Gag

BY WILLIAM A. SHIRES

GAO Debate twirls about the state ever the most burning Issue left in the wake of the 1963 General Assembly the wisdom of the siHjallcd 'gag" on speakers invited to Btate-suppmted campuses.

Opinion is sharply divided on the merits of this legislatUm banning known Communists and suspected subversives from speaking engagements on these campuses.

Objection on the part of many deploring the action lies not so much In what it does, but rather to the effect it has on the Image ai academic freedcmi and to the fact that the legislaUire felt It was necessary.

These contend that such matters should be left to the discretion and handled by the trustees and admlnistratloi of the Institutions and that a restrictive legislative act places a cloud over the institutions and administrators alike.

In essence the law prcrfUbits and denies the campus facilities to any visiting speaker who is a known Communist, who advocates overthrow of the government by force, or who is known to have pleaded Fifth Amendment in refusing to answer any question with respect to Communist or subversive c<xi-nectiwis or activities.

TRUSTEES - It was In the heat of this discussion that the Executive committee of the Un-Inerslty trustees met for three bmtrs with Gov. Terry Sanford,

Ten of the 12 members of the executive committee attended the closed meeting in the governors (rfflce. The governor, of course, is chairman of the University trustees.

The committee took two actions, both by reeolutlon read later to newsmen by Arch Allen, committee secretary. Theso were:

1. Affirming compliance with the new law and 2. Describing it as "imposing unnecessary re-atrlcticms considered inimical to academic freedom and contrary to the tradltiona of the Consolidated University of North Carolina and other state educational instltuticxw" and recommending that the full board "take appropriate steps to endevor to eliminate this restriction upon academic freedom.

CLEAR The resolutions made several things clear. First, the trustees acknowledged the right of the General Assembly to impose such restrictlims and establish such a policy by law and that the University would comply.'

Secondly, it deplored the imposing of the rettrictkm and urged that it be removed.

The cwnmlttee glso, In effect, was assuming a posture of surprise that the legislature took the acti<m and a position squarely in opposition to it.

PUZZLE - If. In fact, the University trustees were shocked and surprised by the "gag" law veteran observers were wondering bow such a situation came about.

They were asking whether Ua-

ism beiwem the University and the leglslattire had failed, or whether it was a case of bad

or at least poor public relations.

In all (rf the nnoke and fury about the gag" law, they said, no one h^i attemped to explain how it came about what prov(Hced the bill and propelled it through both houses under a suspension of the rules in the final days d! the session.

TRACEThere are several avenues open In attempting to trace specific sltuiUlons which resulted in the gag bill. And, most of them lead to the campus at Chapel HlU.

Charges and recriminations have been flying between the University, the University community and the Chapel Hill post (tf the American Legion on the subject erf subversives and sus-ptclons about speakeni for some time. It may be noted that the N.C. Department of the American Legion, now headed by former judge L.J. Phlw of Chapel HUl, has endorsed the legislative speakers-ban.

While not one of the Introducers, Phipps was a member of the 1963 legislature.

BACKGROUND It may be true that the sPeaker-ban bill was Introduced so suddenly and pushed through the House and Senate so quickly that Us opponents had little if any time to react.

But the bill Itself had been In preparation for some times.

Sources say the first suggestion of such a measure came from quiet, soft-spoken Rep. Ned Delamar of Pamlico County, a military veteran with a high sense of patriotism. Delamar approached Secretary of State Thad Eure and discussed it with him. About this time, the Ohio legislature acted on a simllartmeasure and Eure wrote to Columbus, Ohio, for a copy of the measure in that stale. This was used as a basis for the North Carolina bUl, but Eure stiggested aome changes and rewriting.

Eure and Delamar then ccm-tacted Rep. Phil Godwin of Oates County who became the principal sponsor in the Hcnuie. There were other signers, a-mong them Reps. I.H. OHanlon of Cumberland and Robert Cald-cr of New/Hanover and others.

PUSH The "gag" law received its much-publicized push thnHJgh the Senate from Senate President T. Clarence Stone. None of the principal backers in the legislative have indicated retreating so much as an Inch from their belief U is a good bUl.

In fact, some of hie sponsors have distributed copies of the North Carolina statute to other states. News reports last week from Mwitgomery, Ala., quoted Alabama Gov. George C. Wallace as saying he might ask his state legialature, which is still In esslon, to enact similar legislation.

Wallact said he had received a copy of the North Carolina law from the president of the North Carolina Senate, T. Clarence Stone.

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED

Published Every Afternoon Except Sunday Established 1882 DAVID JULIAN WHICHARD, Publisher

Entered at Post Office, OreenvUle,, N. C., as second class mail matter.

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until they complete their high school careers. In addition, however, it is essential that the schools^ be given additional tools witli which to w<*k toward preventing youngsters from becoming potential drop-outs.

In most cases, the youngster who eventually drops but of school begins to show a tendency in that direction long before he reaches the age at which he is no longer required by law to attend school. If he wants to quit school when he becomes of age, there is nothing legally that can be done about it. And usually by this time there is little else that can be done to convince himjto remain in school.

The most iogical approach to the problem is a two-fold program in which greater emphasis is placed on education in the home by parents, and an accompanying program in the schools that helps spot the potential drop-out as early as possible in his school career. By closer coordination of effort between the home and the school, a great many more would-be drop-outs could become high school graduates.

Deaths By Drowning Take A Growing Toll

With attention focused on highway death tolls during mo.st summer week-ends, there is a tendency to overlook the rapidly growing toll of lives taken by drownings and boating accidents every week during the summer months.

During the long July Fourth holiday week-end more than 550 lives were snuffed out on the nations highways. This high figure overshadowed the toll of lives taken in .water accidents during the same period of time. But it should be a matter of public concern that almost 200 lives were lost in drownings and boating accidents during the same July Fourth week-end.

Water sports have enjoyed soaring popularity throughout the country in the past decacie. The number of boats in use has multiplied several times, and the number of people participating In water sports has likewise mushroomed.

If the highways are the nations number one safety problem today, certainly the waterways are becoming a close second.

More attention must be given by the public to preventing water accidents during the summer months. A few laws have been passed by most states aimed at providing greater water safety. Inspection of boats to insure they have proper safety equipment has increased. But by and large, the effort directed at improving water safety has been only a drop in the bucket compared with the effort put forth to prevent increasing highway accidents.

As increasing numbers of people participate in water sports, it must be expected that accidents will take a larger toll of lives annually unless some aggressive steps are taken to improve water safety. So far the program that has been undertaken by the public in this direction falls far short of coping with the problem.

Story Behinc. Bailroad Issue

y^hTElPECT \ Ai TO

S'

V ^ ^

'V. A *

,Me> *ught S/ndic*U,

BY JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) - A lew flRuros and a third pair of eyes give an Inslgtit into the change 1 the railroad industry and Into the rallroad-unlon dispute which stems directly from that change.

The railroads argue that in by-g<Mie days, when they depended mostly on steam locomotives with their coal-stoked furnaces, they needed firemen far more than now when almost all trains are hauled by oil-burning diesel engines.

In 1940 there were about 40.-000 steam locomoUves but only about 8(X) diesel engines. Now there are 29,000 diesel engine units but only 112 steam locomotives.

Therefore, the railroads say, being forced to keep about 40.-(MX) firemen on their payrolls to rldo the diesels is strictly featherbedding. They say they could save $600 million a year by dropping the 40,000 firemen. Unions say the jobs are needed for safe operations of the trains.

Theres a distinction between the 40.000 firemen in diesels hauling freight cars and another 6,IKK) firomen rldhig diesels which haul passenger cars. The difference Is a third pair of eyes.

On the freight diesel two men ride up front with the engineer, the brakeman and the fireman, The engineer, riding on the right, looks out for everything ahead on his side.

One of the other two men can watch on the left side. Thats two pairs of eyes watching. The railroads say there 13 no need for a third pairmeaning a firemansbecause the brakeman can watch on the left fide.

But on a diesel hauling passenger cars, only the engbieer and firemen ride up front.

A 15-man commission appointed by President Elsenhower to dig Into this whole railroad-un-ion disputefor the problem involved much more than firemen reported to President Kennedy in 1962.

It agreed firemen on freight diesels arent needed but said firemen on the pas.senger diesels should be kept. The railroads accepted that. But the commission said far more than this.

It said: The roles and agreements on jobs and working conditions set up long ago by the unions and the railroads are out of date becau.se of modem technology which means, among other things. Increased mechanization like diesels.

So the commission recommended the unions and railroads get together and through bargaining bring the whole business of rules, jobs and working conditions up to date. It hasnt hai>-pened.

The five big unions Involved-firemen, trainmen, engineers, conductors and swltchmen-balk-

ed at the commission's proposals because all of them, not just the fiemen, would be affected, perhaps with the loss of (rfher thousands of jobe.

Yet, this dilemma of increased mechanization sometimes called automation has cost unions jobs in other Industries, and has had to be faced, perhaps most notably In the case of John L. Lewis coal miners.

Figures tell that story, too. Just 15 years agp 450,000 men worked in the mines. Today only 123,000 do. In those 15 years the mines became heavily me-just the firemen, would be af-chanlzed and. at the same time, coal production went down because less coal Is being used.

Still, thanks to mechanization, the average productivity of the individual miner has gone up. It's 14 tons a day, highest in the world.

The railroad - union dispute dragged on. The Supreme Court ruled the railroads had the right to lay off the firemen. The unions still balked. Kennedy this spring set up a three-msm board to find a solution. It didnt.

It proposed a gradual method for laying off the 40,000 firemen. The unions wouldnt bend. The railroads decided to start laying off Thursday. If they tried, the unions said, there would be a nationwide strike at once.

Last week Secretary of Labor W. Willard Wirtz, trying to head off the shutdown, suggested in effect that the two sides agree to accept binding arbitration. On Sunday the railroads accepted but the unions rejected.

Kennedy, with the strike due Thursday, Tuesday made a final effort to stop it. He suggested the two sides let Supreme Court Justice Arthur J. Goldberg examine the problem and give a decision by October.

This, too. would be binding arbitration, which is what the unions have consistently opposed. But Kennedy cant stand by and see the country Injured by a nationwide rail strike.

A further rejectlwi by the un-ion almost certainly would compel him to go to Congress and ask for a law forcing the unions to accept compulsory arbltratlwi or giving the government power to seize the railroads and force a settlement.

Opinions In Brief

"The shortstop on the high school baseball team is already forming concepts which will cause him to buy a particular type of tractor, truck or airplane. Advertising probably already has had a major part in deterjnining the model of his first automobile."Lau-. rel (Miss.) Leader-Call,

By PATRICIA MOORE

But Not A 6 Foot Shark

It Is logical to assume that

th and fish-like animals be-ig in the water.

It is therefore very logical that one would find a fish-like animal in the waterbut not a six-fo(rf shark in the pool at Wright Circle at (where else) East Carolina College.

The added attraction was put Into the pool sometime this week, but before we could get the proper kind of publicity, for it, it was removed. We havent been able to ascertain Its whereabouts since that time. But, we understand from reliable sources that the shark was brown and very dead.

It is nice to have the aquatic atmosphere around town.

But, instead of a shark, we had sort of hoped that the students. with the approval of the administration, would one day put some gold fish in the Wright Circle pool.

one cant find in book form.

Every wice in a while we get the feeling of beng (me of those oft-referred to "nosey" reporters when we cause somebody 1nc(mvenlence.

It happened this week when we got wet in a shower and happened to notice an American flag also dripping In the rain. Nobody wants the feeling of being unpatriotic, so we reminded the caretakers of the building about their flag. And In a matter of minutes, it was down.

Ever since then, weve worried about how they got that flag dry in a dignified fashion, which respect to the flag requires.

Speaking of sharks, we found a new book at the library on sharks and their habits. Nowadays there is hardly a subject

Now were going to have some kind of eclipse that we arent supposed to look at because it will ruin our eyes.

Nothing could generate more Interest in something than to say we cant look at It. But this time the men arent kidding when they say not to look at an eclipse of the sun directly

Other Editors Saying... The Court Spoke Twice

( The Denver Post )

On the same day that the United States Supreme Court outlawed prayers nd ceremonial reading of the Bible in public school programs, the Court handed down another decision on religion, which ought not to be overlooked or neglected.

In the prayer decision, the Court broadened and strengthened that part of the First Amendment forbidding a government "establishment" of religion. In the other decision the one given less public attention the Court broadened and strengthened that part of the amendment which forbids government interference with; the "free exercise" of religion.

The "free exercise" case Involved a woman in South Carolina who was denied unemployment benefits by the state on the groiuid that she refused to accept "suitable work when it was offered to her.

The rejected jobs required work on Saturday, a day regarded as the Sabbath by the Seventh-day Adventist Church and a day on which members of the church are prohibited from working. The woman in the case was a member of that church.

The Supreme Court found that the policy of the state forced the woman "to choose between following the precepts of her religion and forfeiting benefits.

on the one hand, and abandoning one of the precepts of her religion to accept work, (hi the other hand."

"Governmental Imposition of such a choice, the Court said, "puts the same kind of burden upon the free exercise of religion as would a fine imposed against appellant for her Saturday worship."

The burden on the free exercise of religion, the court said, la not justified in this case by any "compelling state interest."

The Court shows no less zeal In this case In preventing government from burderning the exercise of religion than it does in the prayer case in preventing government from espousing re-Ugkm through officially promulgated prayers and Bible reading in the public schools.

Under the First Amendment, the Court says, the government Is obliged to pr(rfect religious rights without fostering a state religion: the free exercise" of religion must be respected, even as the establishment" of religion is to be avoided.

Considered together, as it was obviously Intended that they should be, these decisions give an Impression of a Court much more understanding of and even favorably disposed toward, Americas religious tradition than some of its critics would credit it with being.

This also means that sun glasses or tinted glass wll hiot protect the eyes.

This information resulted from evidence gathered after the last partial eclipse of the sun three years ago, when at least 31 cases of eye bums were reported in the state of Utah.

The public health service recommends that we watch it on television.

Strength !-or To(day

By EARL L. DOUGLASS WE ARE PUT UP TO THE TEST A woman facing her husbands death recently wrote these words:

"All I can offer Is my own experience during these past weeks. This is the mystery and the power of Redeeming Love which has constantly been with me. Every day I hold up my cup and it is filled with all the strength I need for that day. The message of the cross Is that there is no dark valley where His love does not lead me. And it not only leads me through but it carries me to the heights as well. There, for moments at least, I feel the Presence very close indeed, "And so I have a gratitude far deeper than sorrow because of the joy of our many wonderful, rich years together.

We really know what our Christian faith is when it is tested. Before Jesus could start on his ministry he had to be tested by the experience of temptation. Others are tested as this sorrowful \'^oman has been by the experience of tradegy within the family circle. But every experience, be it great or little, draws us closer to God if we will allow it so do to. It is amazing how filled with light the dark valley often is, how richly laden with food the table which He sets before us In the presence of our enemies, and particularly the great enemy Death.

God fills our lives with experience, our minds with thoughts w^hich reach out eagerly, our hearts with a courage that stands us in stead when the day is dark and the pathway hard.

Quote

"The day when a womans crowning glory was her soft, well-brushed and silky tresses are gone. Unless her hair has the quality of tempered steel cable, she Is out of style to-dayJ Orlando (Fla.) Sentinel.

Big

Off Of

City

Streets

By JOHN chamberlain

Copyright, 1983, King Features Syndk^Me, Inc.

This is tti season of the year when the |oundatIon and clubs th^ run Hummer camps for slum children brar your heart. They dont just ask for money in general; they ask for a stated sum to shd little Marie Greers, aged 11, daughter of Betty, father dead, to camp for a specific number of days. The application comes in Marie's own clear,. chUdlsh handwriting and it includes the Informatiim that Marie has never been to camp in her life.

It costs $25 to take Marie out of a hot tenement for a week, 80 you make out a check. But In the very next mall you get another request, from another organlzaUtm, written in 10-year-old Bill Hesters handwriting. And before the week Is out, similar requests have multiplied. You cant help them all.

Yet there is the hot city, with Its steaming pavements, its lack of greraery and it doesnt seem right that Bill Hester should be deprived of his week at camp simply because the organlzaticm hi charge of his welfare got Its letter into the mail a day later than the letter about little Marie Greers.

Strict justice In these matters is impossible for the simple reas(m that money doesnt grow oa trees. But Hiram Jingham Jr., one of the many public - spirited s(mS of ex-I Senator Hiram Bingham of Connecticut. is convinced that he has a way of bringing practical justice to bear on the problem of providing recreation for the youngsters who Is condemned by fate to spend his summers In the city.

"The problem, says Mr. Bingham, "is one of flat space. Well, you ordinarily think of the flat space in a metropolitan area being limited to a few parks and playgrounds. The strange thing about it, however. Is that theres almost as much flat space in a municipal square mUe as there is in a country square mile. Only its high in the air, chi the roofs.

Mr, Binghams simple, but revolutionary, proposition Is to turn over roof space to the children- of the pavements. Aji ama-^teur Inventor, Mr. Bingham spent much of his spare time when he was In the U. S. diplomatic service in devising ingenious games. One of his inventions Is something he calls the Sportatron. It consists of a small cage, completely enclosed, in which people can do practically anything.

Golf practice is easy: you simply tee off and the ball registers the potential distance of a drive by hitting the wall of the cage at a certain height and with a certain Impact. Batting practice is possible with the use of one of those Branch Rickey "Iron Mike mechanical pitching arms. A lot (rf other things can be played under actual competitive conditions inside the cage say, an adaptation of squash or a version of volley ball.

To combat juvenile delinquency, Mr. Bingham would like to see adaptations of his cage idea set up on thousands of roofs in scores of big cities. Where kids are now compelled to interrupt their games of stick ball to dodge trucks, they might be playing a variety of stick ball in cages 20 stories away from the city traffic.

Mr. Binghams Idea is simple enough when you think (rf it, but the old mental stereotype of a roof as consisting of something that slants upwards on two sides to a ridge has obviously kept a lot of people from entertaining the idea. To combat the stereotype Mr. Bingham points to a fortunate difference between cities. The small ones have pointed roofs, but luckily these cities also offer the local kids quick access to the countryside. It is the big cities that have the flat roofs and these roofs are precisely made to order for children who have been effectively deprived of playground space. One school on Manhattan Island has already tumbled to the idea.

So, if you live in a big city and have a flat roof to spare, get In touch with the local head of President Kennedys Physi-(Continued On Page 5)

.'Or Men In !'

obncs

By ELMER ROESSNER

An all-woo Imaterial that stretches may generate a revolution in mens clothing. And it may send some of the synthetic fiber engineers back to the old drawing boards.

The new material is now being tailored into mens suits, sport coats, slacks and topcoats. Just how much of the new goods to make or stock for fall has the trade in a quandary. This Is the season for fall buying, and decisi(Mis are being made right now.

Worsted stretch cloths represent a break for the men who, unlike w(Hnen, have not always made comfort a prime consideration in the selectlcm of clothes. Grudgingly they relinquished the stlff-bosomed shirt with its starched detachable collars and cuffs. "Business suits at one time were of the spinning wheel and the hand loom, suitings have been what textile men call rigid, having no give except, unfortunately, in the seams. SOUNDS GOOD

Now that a man can'^iwear a suit that yields with body movements and resumes its shape when tension is relaxed; He can crawl Into his compact, reach. stretc|i or strain, it la

pointed out. and still keep his well-tailored look.

It should be noted that women have for some time worn ski pants and slacks made of synthetics that stretch. Here the resiliency lies vertically, in the length, whereas in mens garments the stretch Is applied horizontally, permitting freedom of movement across the back and In the shoulders, arms and legs.

"Apparel Manufacturer" In a recent issue notes the impact of stretch goods (hi the trade. Said this magazine. "Stretch fabrics are now, or about to be. available in just about every category of fabric, for every type of clothing. And manufacturers and retailers are jockeying in some cases stamp -e(Jlng f<- position on what could be the biggest bandwagcm of our time perhaps not even second to the advent of synthetics themselves."

NO FAD, IT SEEMS

The publlcati<xi also observed: "Just a few short months ago the majority of manufacturers of mens apparel evictent-ly believed either that stretch fabrics were in the fad cla.ss and so destined to have a very limited future or that the glow

ing possibilities predicted for them would still be theoretical for so long a time to come that any Inclusion of such fabrics In present planning would necessarUy be a risky venture. Seemingly overnight that situation has dramatically-changed and both these suppositions dissolved into very thin air."

To bear out this conclusion, J. P. Stevens Si Co., the giant textile concern, is cited as selling all-wool stretch goods to "30 of the top mens clothing manufacturers who will be going in on a very large scale for fabrics embcidying Patented Plux X," as Stevens stretch materials re calkd. TOMORROW IS HERE

Oddly, all-wool stretch was originated by a mens clothing manufacturer. Timely aothes. Inc., of Rochester. In November. 1961, Timely sold the rights to the manufacture and sales of goods created by this pro-cess to Stevens on a royalty basis.

What was then termed The suit of tomorrow" seems suddenly to have become "the suit of today." One manufacturer, quoted in Apparel Manufactur-

cr. makes'the statement, we have come to the end of the era of rigid fabrics."

Another clothing manufacturer said: "The (xily merchant who wont stock all-wool stretch suits this fall is tthe man who thinks the airplane Isnt here to stay."

SHORT & SIGNIFICANT

bsiness news items

The^ New York Steamfitters Unions new contract provides for an increase of 95 cents an hour, or $33.25 for a 35-hour week, making total hourly income $6.90. . . .Arent you sorry you wasted time in college?

. A senior citizen wrote Senator Kenneth B. Keating (R-. N.Y.), "It seems that ths whip-Persnappers in Washington today respect old age only when It Is bottled.".. .California. New York, Ohio and Texas have 42 wr cent of defense eootracts. Commerce Qearing House calculates. . .TEMPosltions, New York, Is giving temporary employees paid vacation# this year Members (rf the National Retail Merchant Association are being encouraged to tell vendors not to give Christmas present# to store persoone^ , ^