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Wednesday July 3, 1*^63 . ' ^

U.S. Leaf Quality Must Improve -

' Criticisra of tne quality of American flue-cured will be made in the next few years. ^

tobacco that conironted Tar Heels who recently The situation presents a stern challenge to tl participated in an agri-buainess caravan to Europe entire tobacco industry, and it is a challenge that should be another warning signal to U.S. tobacco must be aueceaafully met if a further decline in thi producers, j > important industry is to be avoided.

In recent years there apparently has been a * ^ ^

cldwater Brand

..--r

Taken Up Generation

growing tendency on the p&rt of foreign tobacco PITq purchasers to obtain their flue-cured - tobacco re-* lvAy XD

quirementa from countries other than the United

States. Invariably these purchasers have pointed out K

that the decline in quality of the U.S. leaf, plus the ^ Y v*w**

differential in price between flue-cured tobacco . .... i t V" m u i j

produced in the United State and that produced In To'"""* h traditional July Fourth ho iday

rome other countries, ha, caused,them to buy in- .'T'" lebrat^ throughout the nation but for creasing quantitie, of tobacco from sources ther t** 1'' Pfrt re will be only a seattering of than the United States. parades, patriotic speeches and the commemorating

la t, u a 1 j 1 au Independence Day that once was in vogue.

The result has been a steady decline in the * ..

U.S. share of the world flue-cured tobacco market. ^here was a time when practically every city.

That this factor has had serious repercussions within *, hamlet; had its band, parade and key

the American tobacco industry is well known I.- Pker for July hourth Today such celebration,

the tobacco producing regions. exception rather than the rule in communities

t* 4 I1 I i. *. u j au throughout the country. July Fourth is accepted as

It IS not likely that tobacco producers in the Ur

gf *4 J oa a I a 4,* II ,1 AL A # ^ noliciflv* InciGpcndcnc Uhv to be surcii but only

United States can substantially reduce the cost of ^

producing thei^tobacco. A substantial differential a toLo Cn.. rronfori

between the cost of U.S. flue-cured tobacco and . . f

similar tobacco produced in other countries will >ndPendencc they and their fellow cit zeno enjoy continue. It is essential, therefore, if the U.S. is to ^Phow in the rush of modern life they fail tc

regain its lost sales in the world market that a marh-. ed improvement in the quality of U.S. tobacco must be achieved.

The quality of U.S. flue-cured tobacco must b? sufficiently above that produced in other countric.

take time outeven on July Fourthto contem

plate the sacrifices that have heen made in each generation to preserve the liberty we to-day enjoy.

Those signers of the Declaration of Independence pledged their lives, their fortunes and then . . , . St. t . . acred hohor to the carrying out of the principles

to entice foreign purchasers to pay the higher price forth in that historic document. In each succeed-

Arorican lem, . ... , , , ing generation, Americana have found it necessary

Steady propss toward this goal has been to ta*e up that pledge to protect the freedom which m^ade in the past couple of year, but it i, evident ^ generation, no less than any be

that much remains te be done The future of the ha, been called to make sacrifices. It will con-

tobacco economy in North Carolina and neighbormp tin,,; to be called on for sacrifices in the name ol aUtea depend, upon the degree of progress that (reedom, and if it should falter, even momentarily.

Biggest Single

tern

o"' , , ; .....

;-ew Surprises !3y Legislature

By WILUAM A. SHIRES

PREDICT ~ Whether disaiv-pointing or praJaeworthy. the overall record of ttw 1963 General Aaaembly shows It turned In a generally predictable performance.

And this may be surprising fci Itself.

' By and large, the legislature did just about what most observers expected it would do.

There were relatively few major surprises. Perhaps, In view of the circumstances, the most surprising thing Is that there was not a great deal more unexpected and unpredlctr ed._

ASSERT The General Assembly, in Its sparkling and spacious new tKxne, asserted Itself independently. It did this from the very start of the session In February and was still doing It June 26 when It asked for a special lesslon later this year.

One of the favorite phi*ases coined by the legislators during the sessimi was that they were not wired." This was true.

Outside Influence from the .governors office and elsewheie had less effect than in any recent legislative aesskm. There waa no revolt against the administration, neither could the administration complain.

The legislators generally answered to no one except themselves In what they did, and they left a record to be judged item by Item.

DIVIDE Not everything the General Assembly did or failed to do pleased everybody. But

Immediate, drastic effect upon the average North Carolina citizens way of life.

Conservatives were disappointed on a number of scores, but when added up and reviewed there was a good deal of legls-ation with a Cfxiservatlve stamp.

Conservatives In the General Assembly also were effective in killing a number of btlLs they considered bad.; legislation. The reverse was true for the more liberal-minded lawmakers, and thus the scales tended to become balanced.

ITEMS The Assembly enacted swne far-reaching and significant legislation particularly In the fields of higher education, welfare, culture and In general government and services.

It okayed a state-supported space age science center, implemented the state's partlclpat l(Mi in federal Kerr-MUls medical aid for the aged, but turned down a bill to repeal the in-dustry-blocldng Inventory tax.

The higher educaUoo bill was acclaimed even by a majority of Republicans and was described a landmark legislation by leaders of both parties. Yet there are specific Items In this act that were disliked.

STAGE ~ There Is a big category of Items m which the General Assembly did nothing more than set the stage. It handed such things as implementing court reforms over to study groups. It asked the people to decide on a $100 million school b<md Issue.

the torch of liberty may be extinguished forever not By HAL BOYLE only in thi.s nation, but throughout the world.

The significance of July Fourth i.s greater to-Ihe absence of the public celebrations, the parades,

<lay than it was on the first Independence Day. In the speech-making, the day and what it stands for deserves at least the .stirring of individual citizen. to renew their pledge to their forefathers, their fellow citizens and their nation that the torch of liberty may continue to burn in this and future generations.

?ockets Are A Calendar

1 norougn btuay Behind Oainion

NEW YORK (AP) You can tell how old a man is by the contents of his pockets.

A birth certificate or a passport only gives his chronological age. But what he carries In his pockets Is a better index to his real age how old he feels.

If you turn his pocket inside out. you can also tell pretty well what his problems are. and the kind of hopes, fears and dreams he has. You can tell a lot about his personality.

This index gets more accurate

as a man gets older. At the age of 10 months, it isn't worth a hoot as a fellow then is still wearing those wraparound loin clothes common to both sexes.

But by the time he's 10, our little mans pockets have become a calendar of his being. They are stuffed with the trinkets and treasures of what is known as the crow age" of

At 20 all of this wonderful baggage of boyhood is gone, childhood. ^

His pockets now contain such items as a handkerchief with

By JAME.S MARLOW WASHINGTON (AP) - Supreme Couit Justice William J. Brennan Jr. writes in longhand and then scrubs what he writes, even if it takes months, as it did in his recent opinion on the school prayer case.

In an interview Brennan, .S7, gave a rare insight into a Justice at work behind the doors of the courts marble palace.

The effort he put into this one opinion, which he didnt have to write. Illustrates the vitality of the present court and the dedication of a justice to his job.

On this opinion alone he researched and wrote, when he could, for over three months to produce 77 pages with more than

went beyond that for reasons he gave in his concurring opinion:

The Importance of the issue and the deep conviction with which views on both sides are held seem to me to Justify detailing at some length my reasons for Joining the courts jud-ment and opinion.

Like the other justices, Brennan was sensitive to the criticism the court suffered for a similar decision In a 1962 school prayer case. But this did not deter him or them and the criticism this year was only a trickle compared with 1962.

Most justices have to sweat over their writing, as Brennan did, at least on major opinions.

Other Editors Saying..^ Witch Hunters Of 1963

410 footnotes and references rang- There may be exceptions like

Ing over history, the philosophy of separation of church and state and much besides.

He worked in his office weekdays with his two law clerk.s, doing everything In longhand becau.se he is no good at dictation, and at home at night, writing on an old card table, or on Sunday at his office with his clerics.

Brennan added his final touch on June 16. the day before the court gave its decision prohibiting Bible reading and recital of

It did nothing about senator-the dlsappotntmentH were dlv- tal redlstrlctlng, but perhaps

Ided. set the stage to have this ac-

Gov. Terry Sanford received compllshed either In special ses-

his share <rf legislative dlsap- sion or by the courts. _______^_____________

pointments and setbacks. But MONEY It set a record the Lord's Prayer as rcQured Sanford has praised the legls- for spending 4 almost lavishly exercises in public .schools lature warmly for Its accomp- for new programs, Increased

staff, capital improvements, new buildings and increased state services.

It appropriated all of the $1.2 billion anticipated state revenues including a $134 million surplus and floated $22 million in legislative bonds. It flatly refused to Increase taxes, but at the same time did nothing about tax relief.

lishments.

The Republicans called It a *do little legislature, and kept a box score" on their bills

MIDDLE In effect, the General Assembly stuck mainly to a middle course. It enacted some progressive legislation In a number of fields but stopped short of enacting anything that would have an

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED

Published Every Afternoon Except Sunday Established 1882 DAVID JULIAN WHICMAHD, PublK-hrr

Ekite:ed at Post Office, Greenville. N. C secrnd clas*' mall matter.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Carrier (In Towns) Week 30c

By Carrier (Motor Routes) Week 35c

BY MAIL, Payable In Advance

Greenville Post Office, Pitt County Robcrsonville. Vanceboro Washington and Chocowlnlty.

Three Montlvs '$3.75

Six Months .... ...........7 00

One Year ... .. .... 13 000

North Carolina other than Unted ahive

Three Muntlw ..... t 4 0o

Six Months .. .. 750

One Year .. . ..... 14 (X)

Plus 3{ N C B.ile" Tax All Other Outsldf Norh Ciollna

Three Months ... .. ..... ... f 4 j,5

Six Months ............................ 00

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On that la.st day he inserted "essentially" in an important sentence. He found it In a book of syTionyms which he keeps beside hi.s desk and use.s constantly in .search of the exact word.

He said of hl.s writing and rewriting: I always try to say what I have to say in words that can be understood. This takes an awful lot of scrubbing."

Meanwhile he had to do all his other work: examining cases, researching them, hearing law-.vers arguments on them, deciding them and writing opinions on sotue of them

Iti the llVl 1963 term just ended he wrote 23 oplnloivs, none of ttiem fewer than Hi pages, for a total of 511 pages, plus footnotes and references.

, When a majority of the nine jfnstti'e.s reaches a riecLsion, one of then Is assigned to write It. This is the eft idol decision which alone ha.s the effect of law. Any othe- justice can write a eon-cnrrlpg or dissenting opinion to evpatn his own rea.sonhe. This Is extra and Is not requlivd.

In the school nraver ra.se Justice Tom C'ark wa.s a.ssined to write he decision o^'rthe court's eirtfit-man majority, which inei"de'l irenr.ai'

Cark dh1 it in 23 pages, after a lot o p'sonreh iMi-Ms refer-erres, ovni-^Mirnr fv,p rioHs-ion rt'a-; nrr^'-ed at cited

previous court npinon<i. BrennatL.

Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes (1902-32) who could dash off a glistening piece ever a weekend at home.

But for every Holmes there probably have been 20 like Brennan or, going back, like Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes 1930-41) and Justice LouLse D. Brandis. Hughes made endless drafts. Brandis revised dozens of times.

Brandis had helped steer the court away from rigid dependence on legal precedents in reaching decisions. To make them informed decisions he urged consideration of the contemporary conditions, social, industrial and political.

Brennans kinship with Brandies showed in the references he used to support his and the co4irts reasoning against public school pra.vers.

In the research he had the help of his two law clerks, Robert ONeil and Richard Posner, both under 30 and, like Brennan, graduates of the Harvard Law' School.

'"They took over a big room on an upper floor of the court building and covered shelvc.s and a lone table with all they could gather from the Supreme Court Library, the Library of Congres.s and even university law school libraries.

The Brennan research Included not only previous court decisions but ranged over articles in law reviews, statements and opinions of previous justices, individual book-length .studies of the problem of separation of state and church.- the constitutions of India. Japan and the German Republic of 1922, Jam-e.s Afadlsons historic protest agaln.st religion I n Virginia sriiools. tlie views of Patrick Henrv and Thomas Jefferson, Anierlcnn hi.story. studies of the f'otisitution. studies of conflict-tiu" liberties the Jewish Year-txiok. an Epuscopalian and (Continen on page 8)

(The Raleigh Times)

Some members of the 1963 General Assembly have made It illegal for almost everybody in North Carolina to speak on the campus of a state-supported Institution of higher learhing.

They did that in the witch-hunting law they enacted to make It illegal for Communists to speak on the campuses. They did it by the simple trick of this wording of those who cant speak on the campuses;

(B) Who is known to advocate the overthrow of the Constitution of the United States or the state of North Carolina.

That Is silliness carried to the last possible degree. The guideline among the mast ardent Communist hunters in the past has been that they are after those people who advocate the overthrow of the government by violence. Even those people havent advocated the outlawing of those who are for the overthrow of the constitution of the United States or of the state of North Carolina.

Including in the list of the damned and banned those people who advocate the overthrow of the constitution of the -United States would bring in many members of this very 1963 General Assembly. Many of them voted for the three silly constitutional amendments to the Federal constitution, and that most surely was advocating overthrow of the constitution. Expecially in that category would be the amendment calling a constitutional convention. Such a convention could overthrow the whole constitu tion.

Also in the list of the prescribed would be everybody who has advocated a state const!- ^ tutional convention. That would include a real top-flight assortment of the very best people in North Carolina, including a last one Supreme Court justice. They advocated the calling of a stale constitutional convention. and the idea of that surely would have been the overthrow of the .state constitution.

You say this sounds silly. Well, it is silly. And it is exactly what this silly law says and what this silly law means. And the utter and complete silliness of this helps brand this law for being just as ridiculous as it truly is.

The thing that isnt silly and that isnt ridiculous is the aim of this bill. That aim is vicious and mean and little and frightening, for the Eiim is to impose the loathsome hand of the frightened cen.sors over the minds and hearts of the young . people on our campuses. The aim of this bill is to let the little minds of North Carolina stand over the professors on our campuses and tell them what they shall teach and what they shall not teach, without regard to the truth that they know they must teach.

Beri Bennett, State Democratic Chairman, said in an int.er-view that he doesnt like this law. Emphasizing that he was speaking as an individual and not as head of the Democratic Party in the State, Bennett said: A law like this qan only make martyrs of the communists; it plays right into their hand,"

Bennett is completely right. He was also completely right in his comments, as head of the party, on the hasty manner the law was passed, in the last hours of the legislature and with almost no debate:

If it W'as a good bill, it should have been introduced earlier in the session, w^gai there should have been a chanfce to debate it. Any bill introduced this late, and passed under a suspension of the rules W(Hild be suspect. . . This is different and contrary to North Carolina's way of'doing things. "

This is indeed different and contrary to North Carolina's w'ay of doing things. It is as different as day from night as different as good from evil.

This is an evil law;. It must be repealed and the stain on our State removed.

his initials on it. some cribbed notes for use in his next exam, a photo of his best girl, a little book listing the names and addresses of all the other girls who ever said helle to him, a pipe and tobMCo pouch, the keys to his jalopy, 35 cents in hard cash, and a letter from his father saying if he wants more money hell either have to earn it or get better marks in college.

At 35 his pockets show another great change.

Now they hold an address book noting his business contacts, photos of his mate and their cubs, a half-empty cigarette pack, a note from the hank saying a payment is overdue on his last loan, a plastic five-year calendar presented to him by an insurance agent. a bajlpoint pen, and $1.35 in change 'tPWed out to him that morning by nis wife for lunch money.

At 50 our mans pockets are stuffed as they havent been since he was 10. But now what do we find?

We find two or three pens, a pad on which to write memos to himself, photos of his grandchildren, five credit cards, two dozen cards of business acquaintances, a letter from an old friend asking for a loan, a packet of paper hankes, enough pills, pellets and capsules to stock a drug store, a travel ad about Tahiti, fhree insurance company folders on how to retire early, and two well-worn $10 bills he has kept for emergencies since he was 45.

At 70 our mans pockets bulge no more. They contain a piece of string he thriftily picked up while-trolling, and the wallet the boys at the office gave him when he retired at 65. The wallet holds an old good luck dollar, a faded letter from the bass saying what a good job he did for the firm for 40 years, and a card saying whom to notify in case some day he doesnt make it back home from the park bench where he sits and watches the world go by.

His pockets have come full circle,

ODinions

'.n Brief

It used to be a young man had to join the army to see the world, but now all he needs to do is get elected to Congress.Russell (Kan.) Daily News.

There is now, in the Arabian lands of Nasser, a Baath Party, which sounds like a good one for all to belong to if they use enough soap and water.Nashville Banner.

By JOHN CHAMBERLIN Copyright, 1963 .King Features Syndicate, Inc.

If a columnists mail Is any index to a natloi^ worries, mere people are ccxicerned with the quality of American education, as something quite distinct from the quantity, than about any other contemporary topic. A column on admissions requirements for college, for Instance, will stir up controversial correspondence from all quarters of the landscape. It wil leven stir the educators themselves to comment.

The big fight over admissions requirements at the moment revolves around the question of taking a mechanica lor an electronic computers word for what constitutes college material.* Seeking objectivity, many college admissions departments will pick future students on the basis of machine correletion of such factors as percentile ratings on aptitude and achievement tests and high school classroom lilting. By quantifying" such things Into an overall rating, an admissions dean dispense with the bothersome business of exercising intuitive judgment of a students qualities of ambition, drive, persistence, imagination, curiosity, humor, and originality.

The other day I caught up with Dr. Vernon Alden, the president of Ohio University (not to be confused with Ohio State), during one of his flying visits to the East. He had a special angle to this business of relying on the sort of tests that are now given to college entrance applicants. The tests, he says, prove a students skill in taking examinations, in following instructions. and in finding solutions to problems set by others. These are passive" accomplishmets. Since practically every parent is set on getting a boy or a girl into one of the bettn colleges, which include the Ivy League institutions of the Eai^i. the accomplished exam takers clog the rolls of a few select universities, students who do not do so well on the tests, which actually put a premium on unoriginal work, are dispersed throughout the nation, going to local denominational colleges and to State universities.

Oddly enough, says Dr. Alden, thLs means that the lesser colleges and universities actually get the better break. Referring to the type (5f student who is particularly good in following instructions and in finding solutions to the problems set by others, Dr. Alden says that too many of our brilliant students who are coming out of college today tend to be merely commentators, observers and critics of society.

We seem to have an over^ supply of detached observers, young people who are adept at cocktail party coversatlon a ad make brilliant analyses of other peoples behavior. We seem to have a great undersupply of young people who can and will take responsibility doers, innovators and risk takers. Many young men and women coming out of our first-rate colleges reveal an unwillingness to be fully committed. They seem reluctant to participate actively in the world in which we are living * ..Simply because they spread a wider admissions net than the big eastern universities, says Dr. Alden, the colleges and State universities of the Middle West get a greater variety of excellence in their student bodies. At Ohio University there might be a hundred high school class valedictorians in a student body of 14,(X)0. But, says Dr. Alden, there will also be painters. poets, athletes, great salesmen a really diversified student group." '

To make sure that his university continues to choose from a broad band of excellence, dr. Alden is charging special admi.s-sion fees at Ohio University to .support an admission office large enough to keep in touch with the principals of all the secondary schools in Ohio and with 'school systems in sixty major cities of the United States. My admissiwis officer, Jerry Reese." says Dr. Alden, knows six hundred school guidance officers and principals. He doesnt use mechanical scoring tests."

A beUever in the Peace Corps. Dr. Alden notes that many of the volunteers for a summer course of training for work in the Cameroons in Africa came from the smaller denominational colleges of the midwest. Dr. Alden suspects there may be a correlation between the type of student picked by the smaller, (Continued on Page 8)

i

?ublic Will Pay For Settlement

Streiigth For Totday

Hv K\!(l L. DOlI.L.VSS

A ^tFS;^G^: TO AI.L OF U.S

^o^l ot n tIOM'l cniiv /.f oui srlvfs rnuukli. 'lluie art* .'mIc l>top!(,' how \ur.' wlto critkizc theui'^elvci^ Fiitliely too much They are a,(\<a\.s loj:ing town into the Uaik caverns of thoii souls and thinking what .sinners they are. When somelhihg goe.s wrung they .start blaming themselves for what they did or did not do.

Now in ca.se you are saying jThai's me all. over." mJy I ask you just to forget tW for a moment and let me whisper to .you tliat I think it's your wife who blanies herself loo much, or your husband - the peo; pie who. have to live with yoii and put up with you year alter

' \tur. We are all pretty diffl-"cuU to live with at time.s. We can be .'-o ,selfi.sh an dniean Uiat we awake.at night thinking a-built it ami get up ami lake a sleeping tablet But will c|o Us all good if we just keep on i hulking about it. Think about it. think about it. think about itwe are all too prone to blame Oihers We nerd a good season of .seU-blanie to get the meaness out of us and to begin to act ** civilized.

I think I an hear a wife .saying to her hu.sband^ "John, heres something you ought to read." or a husband .saying to his wife.' Mary, listen to this."

. Dear folk.s. listen to it your .self. It was me^nt for you- and for me.

. .-V

I ..

By KI..MEK KOKSSNKK

Now that the chcenn,i for the steel workers* Contract has died down, let's lake u new iooK at the deal and sue what it really mean.s.

The jiiblleation wa.S trchien-dous. The .seltlcjnen between the steel Indu.ilry and the Uii-Ue*l Stet'lworkers of Aiutriea lias .been luuled tiy bvusiness leaders as the beginning of a new era In American labor relations and even the Pre.sident of Uie United lates sai1 be was gratified.'

There was no .strike and that, of. course, wa.s a gain. Tlte union, in past .strikes, ha.s ,hlt at other industries, the goveim-ment and the public more than the .steel intlustry Use it- This ^le the public was not forced to bear the cost of a strike But it wtii bear th? cast ol the settlement, and that will be a pretty penny indeed.

WHAT THK TEK.M.S ARE

The agreement, negotiated by the Steclwoikers Human Ke-latiotvs' Cormmittce, provides

that there shall be no wage rate increa.ses until mid-1965.. But it providtss that, slartiiife next January 1. a special 13-week vacation will be given once every five years for employees with long service. But companies will start contributing to vacation funds .starting August 1.

Tlieie are .several other eon-dltious increasing the security ol the workers, hut thats tlie big oiie , .. . r

Now toi the :cold-gray-dawn fa<l.^ .

Thb vacation ^benefit mean.s that the cost ol mans work goes up alxMit 9 cents an hour. This, accorUleg to the cheering ihou.sands.' is a wage increase of only 2 per cent.

WHO PAYS WHO

But a 2 per cent increaifle in steel labor costs means an increase of about 2 per cent in total casts. Steel prices may go up even more. The .steel companies, thanks to President Kennedy, absorbed the last wage' Increase.

In consequence, the 78 leading iron and steel companies that earned $714 million in 1961, earned only $606 million last year. Their net dropped from 5.1 per cent on sales to' 4,1 per cent.

So with profits slipping In 1961 (and not doing much better this year) the steel companies face a wage increase tliat could shrink those profits to almost nothingg Unless. of course. they Increase prices, which is exactly what they aie about to do. There has already been one selective" price rise, and another One, of $3 to $5 a ton, is on the'way. So steel users and consumers will start pajf-ing for the vacations. They can .slop cheering now'.

ONLY THE BEGINNING The extended vacatiai pli^ was Introduced earlier in tl# can industry. And in cans, as, might be expected, similar vaF , cation benefits are being given organized wl^ite-colla workers. But U won't stop"" there. Thr

oughout the United States, organized and unorganized work-: ers will be thinking aboutand later demanding13-week var cations evei'y five years.

There are other cwisequencea, some ' good, some bad. Thesa' cations will boom tourism as it has never been boomed be-. fore. More than 10,000 workers and their families will be plunging Into new, l(Higer vacations every three months. Florida and Califomia can atut enlarging the tourist traps now.

Long vacations will also mean more jobs for other workers in the steel Industry. But this will be partly trffset by the rlss in moonlighting. Not^all of ths steel workers are going on 13--week sabbaticals. Some wUl' loaf,for a while,'and then look yor side Jol.

1 There are many other consequences. Some be discussed . here later^ Meanwhile,

every businessman and lawyer might profitably ask: What does this new phenomenon mean Do me?**