Saturday, June 22, 1963

Programs Neednt Be All Federal

He Says Hell Take It To The Supreme Court If We Dont Allow Him A Morning Devotional!

The Presidents Civil Rights message of last Wednesday involved more than a call for new laws to enforce ideals of desegregation; there was also a remedial plan intended to resolve the economic hardships besetting many thousands of unskilled and untrained laborers in the country.

This is something with which we are all familiar, particularly here in the South. And resolving that economic problem is a good starting point for tackling other social problems we face.

The unskilled laborer simply is finding fewer job opportunities. Only the most menial forms ot employment are available to him. with a correspondingly- dismal prospect that even this small subsistence will be taken from him by the changing times. It is small wonder we have a large hackU'g of unemployed, because many are in tact unemployable.

North Carolina's campaign to empha-i/.e tin very practical need for education is keyed [hr. recognition of the economic facts of life.

The President is asking of Congress broaden the federal manpower development atid training program, money to finance his youth em]doyment opportunities program, and more funds for vocational education.

them. North Carolina did.

VVe have an excellent example of how Pitt County joined with the State to provide an Industrial Training Center, which is expected to change untrained and unskilled labor into a labor force that will fit future industrial needs. This is exactly what Mr. Kennedy had in mind, except that in this case federal cost-involvememt has been kept to a minimum . . , that of sharing the bill for instructors" salaries.

Vocational education work and extension work are familiar terms in North Carolina and in the nation as a whole. But again, these are fields in which state and local responsibilities appear paramount.

We agree with Mr. Kennedy that it Would be a far bettor hope of .solving the social strains and unrest of economic disparity by training the un-oniployables, and converting them into a pool of .-killed workers. But The Reflector is also of the <pnnion that the tentative cost figure of nearly a Ml 1 ion-datlnrs could be drastically reduced if thciSe states who are in need of .such a program would do their part, too.

Must we keep pointing to North Carolina as the .-tate showing the way'.

Churchmen Seem To

They are good programs, hut the price tag of Approximately a billion dollars makes u.s cringe.

Any state that can recognize it.s own problem'--can also take some steps on its own accord to meet p^Q^y0 ShClFOd I^OSIFG

hlis

tora rimed

?eace Cal.

By Wn.LI.\M A. SHIRES

CALL Gov. Terry Sanford call for a halt in racial demonstrations in North Carolina was worded carefully and measured for dramatic effect.

It was a bold, forceful and apparently timely step.

Sanford felt strongly that the time was right for him to take this action.

So far as could be learned it was the first action of its kind by the governor of a state faced with Increasing racial tension being fanned by continuing demonstrations.

But it was an action Sanford had kept in mind for more than a year to take in the event that Just such a situation developed.

SITUATION The fact that the atmosphere had become highly charged for outbreaks of violence and rioting W'as plain.

There had been mass demonstrations in nearly a score of cities and towms across the state. Several of these resulted in riots or near riots. There was at least one death. Some others had been at the brink of bloodshed.

I cannot and -^ill not allow the situation to degenerate to the point of mob against mob, citizen against citizen, force against force, Sanford said.

Fiu-ther mass demonstrations breed disorder, endanger lives, r.stablish animosity, and serve no good purpose, he said.

TIME On the other hand. It was also a fact that bi-racial committees had beeh appointed In various localities and were W'orking to bring about solutions.

A number of these had reported substantial progress.

Thus. Sanford was saying. It w a.s time to take the Negro pi-ote.st movement out of the streets and off the sidew'alks and Into the meeting hall and around the conference table.

The message of the demonstrations discontent and a burning desire to break down the barriers has been received, Sanford said.

It is necessary that all ma.ss demonstrations stop and deliberations start. he said. He served notice that I will take W'hatever steps are necessary.

The que,stlon now was whether the governors call would be heeded.

EFFECT Initial reaction received by the governors office was overwhelmingly favorable.

The .state office of the NAACP telegraphed Sanford that it Would support his appeal to halt the demonstrations.

It called on all % local NAA

CP bi-anches in the state, the NAACP Youth Councils and NAACP commando teams to cooperate and cease the demonstrations pending the outcome of Sanford's plan to settle grievances through local action.

The first step was a meeting of individual protest leaders called by the governor in Raleigh where, he said, without '^e atmasphere of the demonstration they might "place before the public in any orderly manner their requests and aspirations, with the hope that this will promote better understanding. . .

This is the po.sitive and constructive way for reaching a solution for problems, Sanford said. It is imperative that we try it.

PLAN Calling for a halt to demonstrations and asking for negotiating differences in a calm, orderly atmosphere was a plan that occurred to Sanford in the spring of 1962 when a number of Negro prote.st dem-onstration.s flared at restaurants, motels and hotels.

The situation in 1962, however, never reached the point that the govenior felt it necessary to intervene publicly.

Sanford decided that this action might be necessary more than a -week before he issued his statement at a special ncw.s conference and broadcast on June 18. He began working on details of the plan, including the wording of the 3(M) word statement and asking Gen. Ca-pus Wa.vnick of High Point to a.ssume the role of state mediator.

Sanford worked almo.st conti-nously on the idea and finally handed his aides the final draft of the statement, written in longhand, a bare 30 minutes before he went bcfoi-e the television cameras.

SPEAK -- At the outset of the news conference at whicli he read the statement. Sanford said he felt it would speak for itself and that he would not comment further about it.

He offered, however, to talk about any other sub,)oct since we havent had a regular news conference in some time.

The impact of the statement on race relations left mo.st of the newsmen without or with only perfunctory que.stions on other .siib.jects, and it was ended quickly. One reporter who came in late asked a que.stion about the prepared statement on demonstrations, and the governor repeated that he did not wish to comment further on that matte i\

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED

rubli.'=;hod K\rry .Afternoon Ivxct'pt Sunday K.stal)li.'^hed 188J DAVJI) JULIAN WHKTIAKI). iuld.shor

F>ite:ed at Post Office, Greenville, N. C., :i' secend class mail matter.

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.e

the world. Milny had * i I

uncompleted labors of "I jA/" I

led on, and in Paul VI -L-xXL J/ J. J-

Th"e= <"+1 -M-orki Avitn-eiised a^- o3ot ro-

niarkable thiiiir in the election of Giovanni Batista Cardinal Montini as the new Pope.

The conclave which elected him was one of the shortest on record . . . signifying, we would presume, that a preponderance of the College of ('ardinals were in accord as to policies the Catholic Church should pursue; and that a majority of the prelate.'? .saw in Cardinal Montini the most logical person to lead the Church on the desired path. -

Protestant and Jewish churchmen could not lie disinterested observers of the choice of a successor By JOHN ABNEY to Pope John XXIII who.e work for understanding

and iirotherhood stirred the world. Manv h^d A * I

voiced the hope that the Pope John would be carried

their wishes anpear to have been realized. All signs

indicate the hierarchv of Catholicism shared that MEXICO city - So there we his huutuig safaris. There Ls a 1 " sat exchangmg observations and

^ opinions over some free coffee

In Pojie Paul VI the world again see an e.x- with Mr. Jim Shirley at his pericnced diplomat, a collaborator in shaping of Shirley Courts.

the Ecumenical roimcil. a man familiar with the the'LlSC?ction%SAhe

world outside of Italy, and one said to be of great tourists who came driving into tact ami gentleness. the city almost run through his

Already many voica of approval as to the ''HlTeepTthe S g

C ardinaC choice are being heard, and the omens locked.)

U. s. style food, milk shakes and honest hamburgers in his excellent restaurant which has a combination of modern and African decoration.

And when I walked into the restaurant I almost fainted for there stood a monstrous African lion with a hungry look on his face. Gave me the feeling of being invited to dinner as the main course.

Don't give him a second thought, Mr. Shirley said. He is stuffed and has been dead a long time.

Mr. Shirley shot the lion, along with some rhinos and other creatures, in Africa during one of

for the future are most promi.sing.

One Of Milder Years For Cour

By JA.MES MARLOW

WASHINGTON AP) - The Supreme Court depending on who,se ox was gored-has been under attack since its beginning. Since everybody has an ox; new attacks never stop. But tills .ycaj'.s were milder than many.

The 1962-63 session, ju.st ended. w-as one of the busiest in history. But the decisions cov-

lawed the required reading of the Bible and the Lords Prayer in any public school. The complaints against the court this time were comparatively mild.

And so was the reaction from politicians following up its 1962 reapportonment decision when the court last March 18 said all votes in statewide elections mu.st have equal wei-

rhino head mounted over the door and you can hang your hat on his nose horn if you are around eight feet tall.

So the conversation didfted from Mr. Shirleys stuffed zoo in the restaurant to flying. He being a red - blooded aviauon addict who flits about the nation in his own plane.

It has been reported by sev-earl reliable bootblack that Mr. Shirley will leave a board meetmg and discuss flying machines with any air - minded gentleman who happens to w ander in.

Do you know Mexico is the greatest country in the world for air travel? he said. There are scads of people who fly down to see the country by light plane.

Then he sent for some charts and navigation equipment and said ju.st look at all the landing strips around here. Georgeous, .secluded places that can be reached only by air.

And he navigated with a ruler

ered areas generally less sen- ght. This hit county unit vot-sational tlian in other years or ing systems.

area.s where the court had thr-iist Us horn before and the shock had worn off.

One clear fact emerged this year. The liberals have a clt ar nia,)ority in the nine-man court although they didnt stick tog(ther in every instance. Liberal as used here means: Deciding in favor of the riuhts and freedoms of the individual against the pressure of the .slate.

In this .sense the liberals on the couit are devinitely Chief Ju.sticc Earl Warren and Justices Hugo Black. William O. Douglas, William J. Brennan Jr. and Arthur Goldberg.

The con.servatives. although they often line up with the liberals, particularly on civil r i K h t s, are John M. Harlan, Potter Stewait and Tom Clark. In .some cases libei'als. some of them, line up witli conservatives to make a majority.

The ninth member of the couit. Ju.siiee Byron R. White. Is a litilc liardi'r to bracket. This was th(' first full term foi Goklbei'g. former Secretary ()1 labor, and White, form-ei- di'puty attorney general, whom Pre.'-iclent Kennedy ap-PiuiiUd in 196?. hi'om the beginning Goldberg lined up with the liberal,-, and has remained thru-,

Wluie is (k'fiuiU'Iy more eon-s('rvativ(' than Goldberg but. because he switches around so miieh. lit- cannot be placed in ('ithei- camp absolutely. It may be hi.- dt'cision to follow an alternating cuur.se.

In li)62. out' of its most tempi stuoiis years, tlie court found iiself a.-saik'd from two directions: Rcligiou.s and political.

In one historie decision it up-.''Ct the ancient duniinanee of s t a I e k gislaluics by country volt Is. who blocked k fenns to give glowing cities more voice by calling loi reapiioi-lioninent Hi the k'i'^laluie;., C o ii n I i- y pulitieiaii.- howled

111 another i qnall.v In .toi ic action the eoiirt prohibited any eliy or '-tale eovciuuieiil from pi'-.'-eriluiig any spt'cially writ-ti ll pi..Ver to hr read 111 laiblic .sellout'

111 t iiinlioiial outbui'.st.s tlie court \\a;. aceu.'-ed of undermining i('li;:ion. But tlie court still bacin't atisweied the question' Would It lorljid any sta'o or city from ri'quiring religious i.ading-like the Bible-in public .schools';

If .'eemrd the court would, .judging from tlie Ii)62 deci.sion and its long hi.story of decisions wliich sought to keep church, any chiirclt, and the state meaning schools separate.

The court did on .luiii' 17. one of its last acts before closing for the summer. It out-

In the prayer case the vote was 8 to 1. Again Goldberg and White were with the majority. This time Harlan was the lone dissenter.

Yet, in another religious case, when the court said South Carolina can't deprive of unemployment pay a Seventh Day Adventist woman fired for refusing to work on Saturday, Harlan and White w-ere the only ones dissenting.

In all the civil rights cases, most of which were unanimous. White and Goldberg were with the majority in each one.

Particularly notable among the civil rights cases were these:

The court ordered desegregation of Memphis, recreational facilities: it threw out the conviction of lunch-counter sit-ins and said a state cant require .segregation in business places: and it banned segregation in courtrooms.

In the field of civil liberties Whi'te was much more con.ser-vative. For EXAMPLE The court, 5 to 4, overturned the con-vative. For EXAMPLE: The tempt of Congress in refusing to te.stify about Communist party activities in the .steel industry around Gary. Ind. In this one White was in the minority with Clark. Harlan and Stewart.

In another .5-4 declson, White, Harlan. Stewart and Clark were in the minority when the ma.iority of the jastices ordered a federal court in Califoraia to determine whether an afternoon.s visit to Mexico is a departure to a foreign port or to a place under immigration law.

.Again White, Clark, Harland and Stewart were in the min-oritv in a 5-4 ruling which blocked deportation of a former Communist to .Mexico.

Bui tlie shifting around .sometimes got dizz.y in other ca.ses: One time Black alone among Mi( liberals teamed up with the con.servatives to make a another when Warren and Black did. leaving Goldberg. Brennan and Douglas In a miii-ontv; another where Warren. Black and Brennan joined Clark in a minority dissent. And [hat's only part of it.

Other Editors Saying... A Worthwhile Journey

(Rocky Mount Telegram

If the Carolinas Agriculture-Business Caravan accomplishes nothing else luring its European trek, the jouniey was made worthwhile by conferences the American businessmen had with their British counterparts during a two - day stay in London. During the talks American growers leanied the British view on current tobacco pixiblems.

Americans were warned that unless U. S. flue-cured leaf is improved in quality Britain will continue to turn elsewhere for tobacco imports. U.S. tobacco men concede that reduced exports are giving them much concern. They predict British importers will be more pleased w'ith this years crop, however.

The friendly but fortright exchange should be of benefit to

bacco in the knowledge that the federal government will buy it If it doesn't sell on the open market. A number of the agricultural leaders and bankers in the American entourage agreed with this view.

Another complaint Is the u.se of MH-30. a growth inhibitor for sucker control. British manufacturers say Engli.shmen demand cigarettes more tightly packed than American cigarettes. And Ihi-y complain that using tobacco treated with MH-30 i.s more co.->tly. For every 100 pounds of tobacco British manufacturers use they now have to u.se 105 poundsand that Is costing th: m 150 extra.

Somewhere along tlie line American growers and tobacco leaders lost the initiativethats

from one chart to another and said here you have beautiful mountain counirv to fly over and over here are high plateaus. Up here is a lake with marvelous trout fishing and then you have the jungle country and you can fly to all these villages along the coast that you can't get to by car.

.And I turned the chair a little so this stuffed lion could not .see me very well. Read a book once that said you should never let beasts .sense you are nervous about them.

Tell me about your safaris to Africa. I said.

Great country. Mr. Shirley answered, but no comparison to Mexico for flying.

Where you nervous when the rhino came charging out of the bu.sh and you popped him'

And Mr. Shirley said, Well, I potted .several rhinos and they come at you like a jet aii-plane. You know we have a flying club here.

Gee. Imagine shooting a rhino I said. Did you st'e any draeons?

So Mr. Shirley got a gleam In his eye. The Executive Aviators Club, right by the Beech-craft Company. You know where that is.

And I said. I understand some types of antelopes can jump forty feet "

The club is really good. .said Mr. Shirley. We have a Link Trainer, a good library, maps. bar. hi-fi. dues are only four bucks a month and we have a che.ss lablr.

You mean they play chess there?

Certainly. he said, getting out an application form. And flying is the natural way for a guy like you to get around and cover the whole country. You write about everything.

It ended up that I am now a member of The Executive Aviators Club and Mr. Shirley is talking me into getting a flying machine so I can sail around the skies to exotic, new places.

Turned out to be the mqst ex-pen.sive cup of free coffee I ever had.

both sides. North and South the view of R. C. Edwards,

Carolina export some $<K) million worth of tobacco to the United Kingdom every yeas, but in the past few years Britain has been buying more and more tobacco from other countrie.s.

The Britons contend the problems created by acreage control and plant di.sea.ses lie at the root of their complaints with American flue - cured tobacco. Acreage control, they .say. encourages a grower to plant mediocre grades of to-

Clemson College president. And it's costing us the export market. We cant afford to lose either.

But there's a brighter side. The U. S. government this year is lowering its .stabilization prices, and growers are planting more strains suitable to British use. That should help in some measure to recapture some of our export markets that are now' being taken hy other competing countries.

The

liOODMOB/ie

is comine

Jr riend Warns Chiang

By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN

Copyright, 1963, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

The Chinese Nationalists on Formosa (Taiwan) are apparently quite serious in their current preparations for staging some kind of Invftslpn of the Communist mainland. But if they do make the effort in the immediate future, it w'iU be against the considered judgment of General Albert Wedemeyer, who was the American coni-mander-in-chief in the China theatre at the end of World War II.

General WedeiTreyers feeling that-the time -is not yet ripe for the Formosan Chinese to try to topple the Red Regime of Mao Tse-tung is particularly interesting, for the General has always been one of Chiang Kai-sheks most loyal friends. Both as a W'artime commander in the Far East and as the head of the later mission that resulted in the suppressed Wedemeyer Report, the General has always lieen an advocate of .S. support of any movement designed to rescue the Chinese main-lanil^from tlif ComnjunjiSts,

Chiangs old friend makes It clear that his objections to an invasion at this moment are purely logistical. For more than three years prior to his assignment to the Par East, A1 Wedemeyer was General Marshall s chief planner in Washlngtwi. He spent endless hours on the intricacies involved in assembling landing craft, food, gasoline, tanks, guns, men. and appropriate air cove rfor beachhead operations and for the subsequent widening out penetrations that are required to turn an amphibious operation into a successful mainland war. With the memory of .such details on his mind, General Wedemeyer doubls that the Formosan Chi-ne.se have what it would take *o put an effective operation ashoi ' and make it stick.

The Generals fears are not those of a timid man. As Marshall's inva.sion planner. Wede-<mevcr considered it a quite possible invixalion to disaster to put off the Normandy invasi< i until as late as 1944. He thouglii it entirely practicable to a.^-semblv a D-Day force sufficlent-ly powerful to invade the cont:-nent of Europe succes.sfuUy in 1943. When he kept urging tlie desirability of defeating the Nazis in the West before Hitler s rockclr>' was developed to tlie point of being able to oblitei-ato London from clo.se - up bases in the Low Countries. Wcdr-meyer was kicked upstair to his command in China.

As Chianps friend. Wedemeyer would hate to see the venerable Nationalist leader come a cropper when Formosa Ls such a shining example of economic .success to other nations. Or.e more big defeat. says the General. and Chiang would be through as a figure of Influence In the Far East.

The comparison between the Hitler development of long-di.s-taiice rocketry in 1943-44 and the reported progre.ss of the Red Chinese toward making an A-bomb capable of wiping out F i-mosa does not impress Wede-meyer as valid. The O'neral does not doubt that the Red Chinese may be able to explode some .sort of token bomb in the near future. Peking has atonic physicists who understand the theory o the A-bomb, and, with the help of the Russians, the.se physicists might achieve a critical explasion that would register on Western seismographs. But the General would be vastly sunirised if the Red Chinese have the industrial capability of making an operational bomb.

Thus, in his opinion. Chiang has time In which to wait without fear that Formosa may wake up one fine morning to find Mao Tse-tung brandishing atomic weapons at the Nationalist-held islands of Quemoy and Mat.su just off the China coast. In Wed-emeyers opinion, the Formosan Chinese would need strong backing from the United States to win a war on the Chinese mainland. The Kennedy Administration is not disposed at the mo-meq,t to provide this backing, which Is something that a real-l.stlc Chiang must take Into consideration.

There Ls only one thing that might make a Chinese Nationalist invasion of the mainland feasible at this time, and that Is a sudden collapse of M a o Tse-tungs ability to keep his population under control. Possl-f Continued on Pag 8)

The Interest You Miaht Get

Quote

"The Government plains to introduce a nev kind of .$1 bill. The old kind would be all right If we could just get enough of them together at one time. The Raleigh Timei.

By ELMER RDE.SS.VER

There's a lot of confusion over how much interest you will get later this year on the buck you saved. The rate may go up. It may go down,

ibiancial men uie suppo.sed to be so much smarter than we are. Witli tlieir inner eye they are supposed to see Irenri.s in business before we do. Nuts.

One authority reports tliat the Ft'deral Re.serve is moving fur-tliei' away from tin* easy - money policy it piusued through 1961 and most of 1962. " That would look like higher interest rates.

Meanwhili', many savings and loan as.sociations are talking about lower rates. The Beverly Hills (Calif.I Federal Saving A' Loan Association has aiinouii-ced it will cut interest rates on savings from 4.8 per cent to 4 6 p>er cent in September, Sev-eaff l San Diego S & L asocia-tions have announced cut> in interest rates from 4.8 per cent to 4.,'j per cent on July 1. The Elrst Eederal Savings and Loan

A.ssoclation of Phoenix. Aiiz., is cutting rates from 4'-, to 4 per cent. The Jeffer.soii Federal Savings and Loan A.ssociation in Birmingham, Ala., Is reducing interest from 4': to 4 hi per cent. The Berkeley Savings and Loan As.sociatlon of Newark, N. J.. has cut from 4*4 to 4 per cent. Other reductions have been announced in Cleveland, Washington D C.. Miami Ucach and other cities.

URGES OUT

Meaiiwliile, Joseph P. Mc-Murray. chairman of tlie Home Loan Bank Board^ has been urging institutions to cut rates. And the Administration Is asking Congre.sS to give it broad powers to regulate iiitere.st on savings.

The total deposits in savings institutions is growing, which accounts for the cut in rates. The law of supply and demand is operating. The supply of money Is increasing in relation to demand, hence the price of borrowed money is weakening.

So interest rates arc going down? Well, several southern

Oregon S &: L associations have raised tlieir dividend rates from 4 to 4.25 per cent, explaining tliat they are trying to compete with northern California, and Nevada associations are advertising as far ea.st as New York that they pay 4.8 per cent on cleixisits, and the First Western Savings and Loan A,ssociation of Las Vegas advertises that, by compounding interest monthly, it gives depo.sitois 4.91 per cent a year.

Furthermore. Matt S. Sz.ym-czak, former member of the Federal Reserve Board, told a group of Michigan bankers that both commercial bank interest rates and that Federal Reserve discount may go up. The Fed rate affects almo.st all other interest rates in the nation.

ALL THE ANSWERS

So there you have it: Interest rates will go down because they have been declining and there is plenty of money. Or interest rates will go up because they have been going up and Federal ^Rest'rve pressure w'ill push them higher.

A decline, from here, ieenu moi-e likely. Savings have been increasing. The Securltiei and Exchange Commission reported that Individuals saved |7JI bil-Jion^^ the first three mwiths of this year, the highest rate since World War n.

As this money pUes up in banks, savings and loan associations and other depositories, they have more than they need for loans. The savings have le.ss value to them and they cut rates.

However, there Is a welcome corollary: With a surplus ot savings on hand, these Institutions, to get that money woridng for them, cut rates to Induce people to borrow it.

That means more money at lower rates will be available for mortgages this year, and this may help boom housing. And if you are interested in borrowing money for a new house, shop around. Even a saving of /z or (4 per cent on a mortgage can mean a few thousand dollars over a 30-year mortgage.

f