Monday, May 27, 1963

Far-Reaching Impact In Wheat Vote

Father, Dear Father, Come Home ^ With Me Now!"

Wheat farmers of the nation have spoken out emphatically against production controls and price supports for their crop during 1964. Congress should follow the expressed mandate of this group of farmers by seeing that the choice 'made by the wheat growers is followed in the nations agricultural program next year.

The result of the referendum was a blow to the prestige of the Kennedy administration, particularly with respect to its farm program. We seriously question whether the wheat growers made the wise choice, but there can be no questioning the overwhelming margin by which the program was rejected. It required a two-thirds majority of those voting to M'in approval of the program of stricter controls and high price supports. Only 47.8 per cent of those voting indicated they favored the program.

Only in the southeastern region of the nation, where there is limited wheat production and where farmers are accustomed to high price supports and strict controls on tobacco, peanuts, cotton and similar crops, did majority sentiment favor the program proposed by the administration.

As a result of the referendum, there will be a program of low price supports for wheat farmers who voluntarily reduce their production in 1964,

House Looms As

Greater Hurdle

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES

CHECK The Senate has passed a motor vehicle safety check bill of uncertain effectiveness and doubtful public approval, but just getting it this fails something of a milestone.

Now, if North Carolina is to have Its first auto inspection safety program in 15 years, the bill must clear an even bigger hurdle In the House.

And even if the General Assembly goes ahead and enacts the plan its future will depend on whether the public will accept it.

That Is a lesson learned the hard way 15 years ago. and sponsors of this plan, have, in effect, put only a cautious toe In the water.

BILL What the Senate has passed is a measure closely akin to compulsory motor vehicle inspection. part of Gov. Terry Sanfords package of priority highway safety legislation.

But even the governor doesnt call it inspection. The w'crd Itself is abhorrent to too many people.

Says Sanford, it isnt mechanical inspection as we know it from our dreadful experience with a 1947 inspection law that drew such public condemnation it had to be scrapped two years later.

The way the bill was drawm. providing for administration by the newly - created coordinating committee on highway safety. w'as acceptable to Sanford and he supported it strongly.

PLAN The safety check plan, by law-, would cover such items as brakes, lights, horn, tires and steering mechanism.

It provides for a check of these items at an approved garage or service station at least four in each county at least once a year, beginning next Jan. 1.

The stations would be open for Inspections at least six weeks prior to the date on w^hich vehicle owners w^ould have to display certifying safety - check stickers. Getting the check and sticker would cost the owner $1. The Inspection station would get 75 cents and the other 25 cents would go to administer the program.

Its sponsors hope frankly that this plan is simple enough, inexpensive enough and sufficiently free of trouble and bother that the public will accept it.

DOUBT Making it more effective later depends on whether public acceptance wdll be forthcoming.

For example, there is hope that after the first year the safety check can be required twice a year and on at least a semi-annual basis after that.

But there are legi.slators w'ho

say flatly the plan won't work.

Sen. W. Lunsford Crew of Halifax, making clear that he favors a workable inspection' law, predicts that if passed it will be repealed by the next General Assembly. This particular plan. Crew says, invites fraud, invites trouble and there is no way it can be administered realistically. Enactment of it, he said, "will be a serious mistake"

Crew also w-arned that enacting this plan will jeopardize other needed highway safety legislation.

ARGUEDebate on the safety check bill and a flow of proposed amendments occurred on succeeding days in the upper chamber. On the first day. Sen. Leroy Simmons of Duplin warned of political repercussions.

Well be playing into the hands of the Republicans, Simmons said.

Sen. Cicero Yow of New Hanover sought to strip the coordinating committee of power to promulgate rules and regulations for the system, and on the second day succeeded in amending it to provide that the rules and regulations would be subject to approval of succeeding sessions of the General A.ssembly.

AMEND Sen. Thomas J. White Jr., of Lenoir supported Yows amendments ad then attempted to set up a separate safety check administrative committee, knocking off four officials Including the commissioner of motor vehicles.

White wanted more legislative representation on this committee, contending that this w^ould enhance its chances of passage and public acceptance of the program by giving the people a voice in it."

White succeeded in getting through an amendment adding three senators and three representatives, named by the presiding officers of the legislature, to the committee. This gives the legislature a dominant voice in adminlstring the program.

SUPPORT Chief .spokesman for the bill in the Senate was young Sen. Perry Martin of Northampton County, one of the upper chambers more persuasive orators.

Martin succeeded in squelching most of the amendments, such as one by Republican Charles Strong of Guilford to add windshield glass to the list of Items, and one by Sen. Jimmy Johnson to remove his county of Iredell, Martin finally aced-ed to Whites final amendment though and called for the Senate to .sail on.

Even rougher sailing for the safety check bill loomed in the House. The Senate action was just a sample.

The Daily Reflector

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and no price support for those who do not reduce their production. Individual farmers will determine how much wheat they will plant. Supply and demand will determine the price they will receive for their crop.

The situation could well lead to greater wheat surpluses in the United States than those already existing. It could also lead to lower income for wheat farmers. But time alone will tell how well the wheat farmers fare under the new arrangement.

Certainly the experience of wheat farmers in 1964 will be a major factor in determining whether the no-support, no-control policies will be continued in later years. Jhe experience will also influence the decision of other categories of farmers with respect to price support and production control programs on other farm commodities in the United States,

The situation should be allowed to run its course without congressional interference at this point by moves to alter the choice made by wheat farmers.

Will Citizens Answer As Promptly As They?

Efforts now underway in Greenville to raise $90,000 for a new Citadel for the local Salvation Army Corps is an undertaking to provide a much needed facility for this community. It is an effort which deserves support of the local citizenry.

There is no organization in Greenville which has rendered over the years greater service to local citizens than has the Salvation Army. Its contribution to this community in the welfare and youth work fields is well known, as is its contribution through religious affairs.

The Salvation Army is an organization whose work crosses all denominational lines and has a bearing, directly and indirectly, upon every segment of the communitys population. At every opportunity. it has offered its services to the people of this community, and the community in turn has come to lean more and more heavily upon the work that is done through the Salvation Army.

The present physical facilities of the local Salvation Army Corps have been grossly inadequate for years. The new Citadel which is proposed will provide adequatethough not elaboratefacilities from which the Salvation Army can continue to carry on its work in Greenville and meet the expanding needs of the community in many fields.

Whether this new Salvation Army facility becomes a reality for Greenville will depend directly upon the response of local citizens will respond positively to the appeal for funds by the Salvation Army, ju.st as the Salvation Army has responded quickly and positively on every occasion it has seen an opportunity to render service to the people of Greenville.

By ROGER EABSON

The Drug Stocks Today

The Payoff Is In Productivity

BABSON PARK. Mass.. Drug stocks, in the not too distant past, ranked high on the hit parade of glamor stocks. Since then, they have fallen on hard times as investor preference once again demonstrated its shifting characteristic. A number of pharmaceutical issues have rebounded, but, by and large, the group remains well below its lofty peak reached in late 1961. I, however, have great respect for and faith in the drug industry. It has accomplished unbelieva b 1 e strides in my lifetime, and I forecast that the next ten or twenty years may see similar

progre.ss.

WHAT THE BIRTH A.VD MORTALITY RATES SHOW

The public has only in recent years shown any great interest in population and statistics and trends and their implications for the future. Nonetheless, the trends have been evident for several decades. For example, the death rate per l.OOO population was 17.2 in 1900. By 1960 this had been cut nearly in half, to 9.5 deaths per 1,000 populatin! This is a most remarkable achievement, in which the drug Industry has played a prominent part.

The birth rate, on the other

'i^ubiic

rorum

By GEORGE HAGEDORN

The word automation, although it was first-coined several decades ago, began to come into common usage in the early 1950's. Originally it had a rather specific meaning, but it has gradually come to be applied to practically every form of technological change which substitutes mechanical and electrical devices for human labor. In the process the word has come to be the source of a whole collection of economic fallacies. Only a few of them can be discussed in this space.

One fallacy is the notion that, because of the advent of automation. we are in a new era when technological change and the ensuing labor displacement are occurring much more rapidly than ever before. But the payoff on th technological change Is the' gain in output per man-hour productivity. During the five years, 1957-1962, output per man-hour in the private economy increased at an annual rate of 2.7 percent. This is not too much different from the 2..3 percent rate of increase for the entire period lK)9-1962. During the 1920s the rate was higher 3.1 percent.

A second fallacy Is the idea that we can load all sorts of penalties, restrictions and extra costs on those who automate without seriously slowing down the technological progress of the nation. Such a view is the basis for featherbedding, and if carried to an extreme it can practically destroy the incentive for installing improved methods of production.

The most dangerous fallacy of all is the belief that automation is itself automatic that it proceeds under its own momentum in a direction and at a rate that are unrelated to economic conditions. The fact is that automatf'd equipment is not installed until a careful calculation of costs indicates that there is a worth-while .saving to tie made by the change-over. In many cases, the reason for the installation of now production iiK'thods is not a new techno

logical discovery but a change in cost relationships.

Practically all new office buildings and apartment houses are now equipped with automatic elevators, and older buildings are being rapidly converted to their use. The reason for this is not that a major technological break - through has occurred engineers have known how to provide automatic elevator service for a long time. The chief reason for the change is that the wages and fringe benefits of elevator operators have been pushed up to the point where it has become more economical to install the very expensive automatic equipment.

This has occurred at a time when there is severe unemployment among the unskilled people who might very well qualify for jobs as elevator operators. You are not necessarily doing a man a favor by making it more expensive to hire him the prospective employer may have other alternatives.

ODinions

'.n Brief

"We believe the failure of cthic.s on all levels is one of the basic causes of the apparent downward spiral of a nation that has allowed its highest court to say school prayer i' illegal. Aberdeen (Miss.) Examiner.

TO THE EDITOR:

Negroes are being arrested in several communities m North Carolina because they are insisting on exercising privileges which for white people are routine, i.e., access to places of public accommodaticm such as restaurants, hotels and theaters.

Hundreds have been arrested and jailed in Raleigh. Durham and Greensboro. Demonstrations have occurred without arrest in several other communities. Negro leaders vow that these demonstrations will continue until the walls of segregation are broken down.

People of good will may differ in their opinions as to whether the methods being used by Negroes to attain their objectives are wise and proper. The fact is, however, that these Negroes believe that there are no effective alternatives. They have reason for believing so. Other mefnods have brought little or no results.

White people generally do not realize how deep-seated are the frustrations and how bitter the disappointments of Negroes with the slow pace of desegregation since the Supreme Court decision of 1954. It is these frustrations and disappointments that are causing Negroes by the hundreds to move into the streets and into the jailsin mass demonstrations. The old order, in which Negroes acquiesced in second-class citizenship, with only feeble or no overt protest, is gone.

It will do no good to say that much progress has already been made. This is a mistake that too many people are apt to make. Having made some gains in equality, Negroes are more than ever determined to gain full equality. In this regard they

are only behaving as human beings.

It is fortunate that this new' thrust for equality comes at a time when there is an increas-, ing willingness on the part of the great majority of white people in the State to accept Negroes as human beings, and to grant them equal rights. This fact ha-s ben demonstrated over and over again during the past year. Re.staurants, hotels, motels and parks have been desegregated in w'idely scattered areas over the state without incident. The people are ready, but public officials and business leaders are still fearful of change.

The need of the hour Is for bold and outspoken leadership. Already this leadership Is beginning to emerge. The Chamber of Commerce, the Merchants Association and the ministers in both Raleigh and Greensboro have spoken. They have called for the immediate end of racial discrimination on the part of businesses and government operations serving the public.

North Carolina can ill afford the kind of publicity w'hich is now emanating from our State. We should have moved before these mass demonstrations against segregation occurred. The best we can do now is to move quickly to do what we know has to be done. Racial bai s to places of public accommodation must be removed. All of our people must be treated with the respect due them as human beings. There is no other way to restore peaceful and amicable relations between the races.

Harry S. Jones Executive Secretary North Cai'olina Council on Human Relations

hand, has not decreased much years of this century, the birth years of this c ntury, the birth rate was around 27 per thousand population. CuiTently. it is around 23.5 per thousand. Of course, the birth rate shrank markedly during the depression, but since World War II the baby boom has more than made up for that drought. The important point is that advances in the pharmaceutical and medical fields have so drastically reduced infant and child mortality that the crop of youngsters has been indeed bountiful. EFFECT OF RISING LIFE EXPECTANCY

WTien I was a boy. a person in the forties was considered old ". Today, those of you readers who are in this age group constitute the bulk of the middle age population, and one generally doesnt become an old fogey until well after retirement age. This is. of course, the effect of-the lengthening life expectancy. Just think, in 1900 the life expectancy Was 47.3 years. But thanks to the wonder drugs, vaccines of one kind or another, vitamin pills, etc., which the drug companies have produced, the average lifespan today is around 70 years. In short, nearly half a generation has been added to e expectancy since 1900.

This means that the so-called senior citizens segment of the population is increasing significantly. My friends in the drug industry tell me that their research efforts are being trained more toward this group. They want to give the old duffers a longer and more comfortable life. Perhaps partly in jest, they talk of a lifespan of a hundred years for many more people than live that long today; but I suspect these research staffs may be more serious than we think. My reading of the Bible reminds me that the patriarchs lived for hundreds of years. I unhesitatingly forecast increased interest in the geriatrics field, in-cludng advances not only in drugs, surgery transplants, and medicines, but also in food, eye glasses, hearing aids, and even clothing.

PATIENCE

AND

DIVERSIFICATION

In looking back over what has been accomplished in the pharmaceutical field, my friends in that Industry agree with me that no one could have forecast ahead of time exactly which company would first (Continued on Page 5)

Value

By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN

Copyright, 1963, King Features Sirndicate, Inc.

The United States still looks like a downtrodden wonn In its position vis-a-vis Castro's Cuba.

It doesnt seem to be.getting its way in Laos. It pursues a cc^rse detrimental to Pwiugal, a friendly nation, whenever the question of colonialism" in Portuguese Angola is raised in the U.N. But, to give the U. S. its due In at least wio department of foreign affairs, some of our Latin American policies seem to be working a little better than they were the day before yesterday.

One straw In the wind is the behavior of three leaders of countries in and around the Caribbean when it became apparent that Che Guevara, the mighty economic czar of Castros Cuba, had managed to ruin a relatively strong Cuban cattle industry along with the local sugar industry. As the meatless Cubans were tightening their belts. President Bosch of the Dominican Republic, President Betancourt of Venezuela, and Prime Minister Eric Williams of Trinidad, turned their heads almost simultaneously toward Panama to lo<rfc at a thriving cattle industry. And, though President Bosch, for <e, had campaigned without ever deigningor daringto mentlwi the U.S.-backed inter-American Alliance for Progress, which welcomes private Investment, the three heads of state dropped all the traditional prejudices against the gringos of North American private Industry to Invite the Chase Manhattan Bank to come in and explain its key role in building up the Panama meat business.

What the Chase bank has done In Panama to turn a bunch of seedy, downtrodden 'back country farmers into relatively affluent ranchmen belies every Marxist stereotype of capitalist imperialism. The story goes back to an American named J. Edward Healy, Jr.. who started out in life as an instructor in Romance languages at William.s College in Massachusetts. A Phi Beta Kappa scholar, Mr. Healy got deflected into banking, winding up in Panama as head of the Chases local branches. He fell in love with the little isthmian country, and to all intents and purposes became a Panamanian.

Some time before his retirement as bank officer Mr. Healy made a trip by horseback though those areas of Panama that are seldom seen by the dwellers in the Canal Zone. He was dismayed by the sight of scravtmy. tick-ridden steer and povertyV ridden farmers who paid usuriou.s rates to a few rich money-lenders to carry them through the normal cattle cycle. The trip turned him into a crusader, and. after making an on-the-spot study of the cattle business in Texas and Louisiana, he returned to Panama to apply what he had discovered In the United States.

The upshot of Healy horseback trip, after thirteen busy years. Is an entirely new Pana- . ma cattle industry. Where Healy once pioneered, a local Panamanian agronomist-tumed-bank-er, Enrique Real, who now runs the Chitre branch of Chase Manhattan In Panama, carries on with steadily increasing effectiveness. Senor Real follows a policy of lending technical aid along with each dollar of credit that goes to a Panama cattleman, ln.slsting on modern standards of land management, the scientific use of inoculations. the proper upgrading of herds for tropical existence, and the Introduction of special grasses. The program has paid off for Indivlduid Panamanian and for their country as well as for the Chase bank. Ninety-flvc per cent of the Chases 450 ranch customers have pratlcally doubled their herds. In the meantime they have cut the time requlr-ed to bring a steer to the standard 1,000-pound maricetable size from approximately four years to two. Ten years ago Panama Imported a niuilon doUarsiworth of meat a year; today, it has a surplus for export.

The proof of the pudding doe not reside in the claims cl any-lx)dy sitting in a New York office of the Chase bank. The -3H pjBMpa f 01 oinqpii laoj lys and Enrique Reals work in Panama came when Dominican (Continued on Page I)

You have to be at lea.st a junior executive before your fooling around can be referred to as an avocation. Aiken ig.C. Standard and Review.

Suaar Price Impact To Sprea(d

Tlie interest alone on the national debt is the largest single item of government expenditures except for defense,Industrial News Review.

Strength For Today

Bv EARL L. DOKil.ASS PRAYER IN TIME

Some peoples religion does no>, work becau.se they ti.se it only as a last resort. When liu-man etfort, or the doctor, or good luck, or the bank account fails them, they turn to religion.

But the tune to be religious is all the time. Touch-and-go religion is absurd and .stulifying. This is not to say that after years of neglect a prison should hesitate to pray in a crisis. It onl m(ans that the chances of success are \a.stiy increased if piayei in crisis is but part of a lifelonc .si'iies of p('titions.

Esperiolly .'IioUId wc pray for powei to re.sist temptation in

those sea.sons of calm when we are free of temptation. The mcKst unpromising time to pray for deliverance from temptation is when the temptation is hot upon us. When with quiet and elevated minds we look upon evil and see its ugliness, that is the time when we should pray eaniestly to be delivered from its power. If we do so. we may not even notice temptation when it crosses our pathway. Ceitainly wc shall have more power to resist it if we meet it face to face on the highway of life. The place to stop evil is at its source. The time to stop evil is long before we encounter it. We ai e wise If on sunny days we prepare for storm.

By ELMER ROESSNER

Sugar is getting bigger on the business horizon. Scare buying is pushing up prices on the retail level faster than they are rising on the wholesale level. On the latter, they are going up fast enough. Tliese will be some of the consequences;

1. Fresh rises in candy pri<'-es. These will be opportnuistic because even after tlie last 13 raises, the sugar in a pound of candy costs only a few cents. But they will be no less real.

2, Boosts in soft - drink prices. Here the wholesale-price rise Is more significant, since the latio of sugar costs to the end pioduct is much higher than in candy. Because of the intense competitive situation, the increases will be slow In coming. But after a few bottlers put over increases of a cent or two a bottle, the others will quickly follow.

Increases in food prices. Sugai- Is an important ingredient 111 very many foods It appears not only In canned and frozen fruits and vezetable.s but in condiments ad other canned

and bottled goods. For further information, read the contents listed on cans and bottles on your pantry shelf.

OTHER LOOK^AHEAD.S

Here are more coming events in busihe.ss;

.Still higher prices lor olive oil. rhe Mediterranean Basin 1962-63 crop is estimated to iJh down a third from the l%l-62. Olive oil has been doubled In price in some foreign neighborhoods in the United States and will .shoot up still further.

More UHF' telecasting: The Federal Communications Commission, so far unable to pump much enthusiasm into ultra -high fi-equency telecasting, is planned to use new Congressional authority to increase the number of UHF licenses from about 1.50 stations to almost 2,000. This may give even smaller cities competitive TV stations A PENNY A PITCH

Cleaner highways; Empty beei cans strewn along Americas highways give the impres-Sion that U. S. motorists drink beer. (They do.' But the Utter may be reduced; The new alum

inum beer cans have a salvage value of about a cent a piece, making pick-ups profitable.

More mutual funds: Plans of Sears to enter the mutual fund business through an Allstate subsidiary will tempt many other chain and mail-order outfits to start their own funds. Some of the dime stores may be exploring the possibilities o fselling $1-a-share mutuals.

More colored appliances: For 15 years the appliance industry has been trying to sell American housewives appliances in color, but with only moderate results. But now the idea seems to be catching on a bit. One manufacturer says, a third of its refrigerators and a fifth of ranges, washers and dryers are being sold in color. Housing developers are finding colored appliances coordinated with kitchen tiling and paints are a new sales gimmick.

OLE PROMOTER SUGGESTS MANY MORE POWER GAD-GETS

The Old Promoter dropped In today to tell nie I hadnt gone far enough in listing the elec

tric gadgets that ar making living so easy in our affluent o-

clety.

Theres bound to b a battery - powered applauder," h said. Think of how claiming hands has become an imposition on bur cultured elite at premieres. With an Old Promoter electric applauder, all they will have to do Is to press a button and the machine will emit the noise of five, ten ot mor handclaps, as desired.

Of course, there must be a companicHi gimmick, the battery dlsapprover, which will emit bazoo-type noises.

And what about a battery yawner which, at the pres of A button, will Inject a dollop of fresh oxygen into the mouths, to save the user from yawning? And how about electric heel boosters which will make each step effortless, enabling anybody to do the 50-mile humP? Or for that matter, why not an electric rocking chair, with three speeds 'forward and four reverse?

I think the Old One 1 having me (X). electrically.

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