Friday, May 17, 1963

The Problem Is How To Criticize Kennedys Eco-There Can Be No Stopping Future w>micPoUcy At o^BanquetTo celebrate thw

Avai!.

Astronaut Gordon Coopers successful space success of the Cooper flight is the high point in

flight with its dramatic ending attests to the prog- the U.S. space program so far. It should dispell the

ress of the U.S. space program and the ability of opposition which has been building up against the the men around whom the program has been built, expenditure of large sums of money by the govern-In spite of its tremendous success, the flight J^snt to push forward the U.S.-space effort. Large was not without its shortcomings, at least so far as sums are necessary if Americans are to probe farther the electrical system of Coopers space capsule was iu^to the space age . . . and men like Gordon

concerned. But the ability of the astronaut to over- Cooper are to return safely to their home bases,

come this electronic failure points to the fact that tb^ir families and their fellow citizens from their scienpfic and technological advances in themselves pioneering ventures into space, are feot enough to conquer space. Men like Maj. ^be thrill of Maj. Coopers flight was shared Cooper who man the space vehicles can spell the by all Americans as w'ell as other people in nations difference between success and failure at any criti- throughout the world. The accuracy with which the cal moment in a space project. entire project was executed, from liftoff to landing.

The United States space program took a giant maturing of abilities and techniques

stride forward with the successful marathon flight of Maj. Cooper. It put the American program within striking distance of the manned flight to the moon. 11 pointed up clearly that the U.S. program, whi'e it appeared to falter in its early stages, i.s moving steadily forward in the realm of manned space explorations.

developed by American space scientists and experts even in these early years of the new space age.

It was a great accomplishment for Astronaut Cooper and the thousands of other men and women whose skills and efforts went into making the flight a success. It brings to a new peak the prestige of the United States in the race to conquer space.

In terms of dollars, the space program has been __ _ T\ J

a costly one, to be .sure. It will continue to be costl?^* Jc OQ.11 CtlOIT

Vutt there is no arguing with assertions that the pro- X VAA

gram must be pushed forward at a rapid pace. The

West Carolina

Out Bia

i urnea

By WII.LIAM A. SHIRES

JUNKETThe special train carrying the General Assembly on its fifth and final junket of the 1963 session crossed the Blue Ridge at Balsam Gap and approached Sylva in the gray, misty dawn.

Low clouds covered the ridges and fog curled on the slopes of the mountains that ring rugged Jackson County.

Light rain was falling and the fields and winding roads were wet. Streams gushed and foamed down the hillsides and through ravines chocked with rhododendron and laurel.

The whistle of the train startled a flock of sheep in a mountain meadow.

The day was beginning. It was to be a big day for four Western North Carolina counties, and a busy, meaningful day for the legislators who had been aboard the train from Raleigh all night and now were arising and beginning to look out the windows.

RESPONSEThe first signs of response to this first vLsit of the General Assembly wesi of the Blue Ridge came at the crossings and along trackside.

The hour was early.'But people were awaiting the trains arrival and stood and waved.

At Sylva, a large crowd was waiting with a high school band, banners, troops of scouts and wide-eyed children. And Gov. Terry Sanford was already there, shaking hands ana being welcomed to the west when the 350-member legislative party got off.

TRAVELThis General Assembly has traveled more than any other in the past. The legislators are travel weary now. and there has been criticism of so much junketing.

But the warmth of the welcome in the West was refreshing. and the legislators threw themselves into the long, tiring day on a punishing pace.

The respon.se to the visit changed a lot of legislative minds about the value of junketing and whirlwind tours even those which, as this one did, cover more than 1,000 rugged miles.

The rail distance alone, round-trip aboard the 25-car special train provided by Southern Railway and pulled by six powerful dle.sel engines, was nearly BOO miles. Then a fleet of eight bases carried the legislators on a caravan that covered parts of four counties, travellfig some 250 miles from Sylva to Cherokee, to Cullowhee. Waynesville. Clyde, Canton, Asheville and Biltmore.

REACTIONAt every place, the welcome was the same-warm and sincere, with genuine interest on the part of the

people.

At Sylva, Gov. Sanford told a repoiter he believes such trips are extremely worthwhile. He feels the General Assembly owes it to the people and to itself to visit various parts of the state and learn first hand about the problems, needs and local thinking. It then is able to do a better job.

State Sen. John R. Jordan Jr., of Wake County missed making most of the 1963 junkets, but he and Mrs. Jordan came to Cullowhee. Jordan said he w'as impressed mostly by the faces of the children. He said the response was simply terrific.

Ive never seen such sincerity. It shows a keen, genuine interest in state government, he said.

Sen. W. Lunsford Crew of Halifax called the trip west

Dream Appears Faded

It appear.s certain now that Tar Heel taxpayers will not receive the benefit of the proposed $15 million tax reduction recommendation made some month.=; ago by Gov. Sanford.

The report of the Joint Appropriations Subcommittee recommends a spending program pegged at $27.1 million above original recommendations of the governor and the Advisory Budget Commission.

This report, coupled with estimates that state revenue for the next biennium will be $31.8 million above those of the current biennium, allows no margin for a tax reduction of $15 million during the coming biennium.

Although the report of the Joint Appropriations Subcommittee still has to go through the channels of both houses of the General Assembly, it would be unrealistic to anticipate any major changes in spending policies proposed by the subcommittee _ tj a T t?

There will be some changes, in all probability, be- By HAL HOYLE

fore the appropriations measure is finally enacted. To expect a shift of emphasis in the tenor or scope

of the appropriation subcommittees report, how- bcnooi Bor The B achelor

ever, would be contrary to the pattern the legisla-

tui'e has followed in past years. yoRK (AP)-Schools

the $4 million margin between proposed ex- for bachelors? penditures and anticipated revenues for the state Why?

during the coming biennium Ls the margin which After discussing recenUy the

excellent and extremely help- the legislature could be expected to accept under ?

ful iu 1 ,1 pare girxs mj ue wives ana

the constitutional mandate that it approve a balanc- boys to be husband, I received ed budget. It is not likely that the recommendations the following Tetter:

of the Joint Appropriations Subcommittee will be

trimmed sufficiently to provide for a $15 million ..Qne of the biggest prob-

tax reduction. Neither is it likely at this late date lems in the world today is the

that official revenue estimates for the coming population explosion. What is

biennium will be raised sufficiently to provide for

such a tax reduction. ones who have children.

For the moment at least, it appears the legisla- instead of schools to make ture will provide for most of the spending the San- ^^ves and more husbands,

ford administration has requested for the coming biennium; but the tax reduction that was originally proposed by Gov. Sanford will be ruled out in order that other needs of the state can be met.

ful.

He noted the boy scout troop that stood along the street in Clyde and saluted when the bus caravan passed by, and the classes of school children who waved from the school grounds. Sen. W. D. James of Hamlet mentioned the attitude and appearance of the students of Western Carolina College.

It is doing a manlficent job. and the students themselves are evidence of it. he said. Ive never seen such a group of students so courteous, orderly and self-dLsciplined.

INTERESTSEastern North Carolina lawmakers, some of them making their first visit to the mountain country, remarked about the scarcity of farm land and marveled at the steep, hillside campus of the college at Cullowhee. But they noted the industrious character of the mountain people and marveled at such industrial giants at the Mead Corp. plant in Sylva. Champion Paper Co.. In Canton, and the bustling growth of business and Industry in Waynesville.

Tourism, of course, Ls vital in the west. Problems of transportation and roadbuilding were studied. The tour included leading tourist centers such as the Indian towTi of Cherokee, the Oconoluftee Indian village in the Great Smokies, the vast and beautiful Biltmore Estate and the Methodist Assembly on the shores of lovely Lake Juna luska.

A planneo side trip over the Blue Ridge parkway from Balsam to Watterrock Knob and down Soco Gap through Maggie Valley was cancelled at the suggestion of Sen. Oral Yates of Haywood because of the lack of time.

TYPICALThe skies cleared <Continued on page 6)

to train more lads to becwne, happy, independent, self-res-specting bachelors? This would automatically also result in more spinsters, thus shutting off the human population explosion at its source.

Most husbands today arent men. Theyre henpecked slaves who've sold their masculine birthright down the river. The modem women of today arent worth the powder it takes to blow their big ears off anyway.

The letter was signed, A thoughtful bachelor of 68 golden yearsand proud of it.

At first glance the proposal

Much History

TVA

Other Editors Saying... Vanishing American

m Giant

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By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP> - Back in President Washington s day U.S. Army engineers poked around in the Tennessee River, studying it. Next Saturday President Kennedy goes down to the river to celebrate an anniversary.

Between the two men w'ere a lot of history and people, particularly these five presidents the two Roosevelts, Wilson, Coolidge and Hoover and a senator, George W. Norris of Nebraska.

The first Roosevelt. Theodore, made such a big thitig of conserving this countrys natural resources and boosting irrigation and reclamation that some historians consider it his greatest achievement.

But it was something he did in a positive-negative way that has special significance in Kennedy's visit this w'eek He vetoed a bill for private pow'er development at Mu'^cle Shoals, a 37-mile stretch of rapids in the Tennessee River.

He argued the government should develop the power made available by dams built to improve the stream.

Came World War I and the need for a lot of munitions. Under Wilson a munitions plant was built at Muscle Shoals and a dam, called Wilson was started to provide power for the plant and improve navigation in the river.

For 15 years after the war there was a great debate; What to do w'ith the plants? Private companies wanted to buy but they offered too little Norris came into the picture.

He thought the Muscle Shoals properties should be operated publicly. Out of this thinking

came the idea of a Tennessee valley Authority to benefit the whole region. He steered two bills through Congress.

Coolidge vetoed the first 11928) and Hoover the second <1931), Their objection: That

TVA would mean government competition with private enterprise. That, Hoover said, is not liberalism, it is degeneration.

But Franklin D. Roosevelt became president March 4, 1933. With the next famous 100 days he and Norris got a TVA bill through Congress. Roosevelt signed it into law May 18, 1933.

Kennedys visit to Muscle Shoals next Saturday is to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the creation of TVA. Norris had later proposed seven other TVA-type programs for other parts of the country but all failed.

TVA, administered by three directors in Tennessee and not out of Washington, was created to help a region. Other dams and power projects may have multiple purposes but theyre not like TVA whose expressed purpose was;

To provide powei. flood control, and navigation. Two historians. Samuel Eliot Morison and Henry Steele Commager, went so far as to say that of all the New Deal measures TVA was possibly the most important for the future.

It serves an area Involving seven states. There are now 31 dams in the TVA systemnine on the Tennessee Rivei and 22 on its tributaries. The U-shaped river, which begins at Knoxville. tunis dovoi and then up to Paducah, Ky., where it joins the Ohio.

(Continued on Page 5)

Strength For Today

PLENTY

Will there be aiiy stars In my crown?

Every time I hear a congrega-tiun singing that hymn my nund gue.s back to an elderly woman I knew many yeans ago. She had married early in life a man of good family who proved to be a black sheep. His life was one long sad spectacle of what lust and liquor can do to a man of promise when they start to eat out his life.

During all the years his wife stuck to him she neve let up praying for him. In her devoted church activities she enli.st-ed his efforts wheievei possible, Her religion was of the cheerful variety: shi' never appeared to be nagging. 1k>i rake of a husband. Her devotion to

him both in public and private was complete. When she made relerence to him in any way, it was in accents of respect and affection that were umnis-takable. She always associated his am with hers in .speaking of any good project in which .she was interested. But no one knew his failings better than she, and no wife ever agonized more over a husbands derelictions than did this good woman.

So when I hear people singing, Will there be any stars in my crown? I think of this saintly woman one of the most saintly I have eve. known and I feel quite certain that some people at Ica.sf will have stars in their crown.

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

While the number of U.S. farmers has dropped nearly 50 per cent during the last 20 years, the production of American agriculture continues to increase. While farm output has not diminished, it is still disconcerting to note the decrease in the number of American farmers today. This trend indicates several things, chief of which is that this country has gradually shifted from an agricultural to an industrial society.

The exodus from farm to city from 1940 to 1960 exceeded any other migratory period in U.S. history, even that period covering the great movement to the West. By next month less than 8 per cent of the population W11 be living on farais. Increased mechanization has helped drive men off the farm. High cost of equipment and other necessities, plus a small return on investment have also contributed to the move to the cities. The farm today offers little attraction: to earn $5,5(X) annually, which is the average income for a skilled white collar worker, the farmer has to make an investment of $111,-000.

This, of course, isnt the only obstacle. High real estate taxes, expanding suburbs, larger farms and federal soil bank programs also have helped push the farmer into cities. Better schools in the cities, as well as the effect of television and the automobile have likewise played a part.

nused

By ELMER ROESSNER

There is a lot of talk these days about unused plant capacity. One of the arguments for the Kennedy tax cut plan is that it would free a lot of money for goods. This in turn, it is argued, would cause our plants to run full blast which, in turn again, would reduce unemployment.

The facts are that we need some excess plant capacity and some unemployment, although certainly not as much as we have today.

U another International crisis arisesand one willwe will need our present productive margin in a hurry.

Of course, we would start building new plants and drawing new people into the labor force, but until that was done, our excess plant production and our surplus labor would be a margin of safety far more im-, portant than a cigarette filter.

QUESTIONS

MEASUREMENTS

Some significant points on our excess production capacity arc made in a talk to be delivered today by Almarin Phillips, of the Graduate School of

Not surprising, the Negro farmer in Southern states showed the largest inclination to leave rural surroundings and head for the cities, particularly the Northern metropolises. In 1940, 35 per cent of the Negro population lived on the farm. But bv 1950 42 per cent of these had left.

But despite the decline, the South still had the second largest amount of land devoted to farmig63 per cent. By comparison, the North Central states had the largest number of farm acres, wdth 79 per cent.

The only slow-down in the exodus during the period mentioned was the so-called golden period lor farmers during World War II, lasting up until 1949. War shortages good weather, plus price support legislation stimulated a back to the farm movement for many returning veterans.

But by 1949 the exodus began again when farm prices declined. I has been a familiar story ever since. The shift has also had an influence on political campaigns. In earlier years the farmers, with a greater number in the rural areas carried weight with politicians. Cities -* seldom won important elections in competition with rural blocs.

But today city populations enjoy a preponderance of voter blocs, and consequently are better organized and able to deliver large segments of votes to the candidates.

advanced by this hale and hearty old single-footer seems to have at least a spurious merit.

It certainly is true that in the long run a marked Increase in the supply of bachelors would gradually slow down the birth rate. But is this the best way to go about it? Would America be much better off with millions more bachelors around? The answer would seem to be a firm No!

There Is no doubt that at times a family finds a certain type of bachelor handy. In return for a home-cooked meal, he performs chores around the house, baby-sits the kids while the parents go to the movies, fills in as a fourth at bridge, and cheerfully squires your departing mother-in-law to the air terminal.

We had a number of such bachelors hanging around our house when we were first married. But they were only temporary bachelors. As soon as they saw the joys of home life, they wandered off and got married themselves.

There remained a single hardcore bachelor whom Ill call Albert. He couldn't sew (xi a button. When the garbage had to be carried out, he suddenly developed a bad case of tired hands. All he could do was stick his feet under our table and eat.

Well, finally my wife became aware of Albert's double dealing nature, and one fine spring night she tossed him out.

The fact about most permanent bachelors is they are simply male clinging vines. They are responslbility-dodgers who arent avoiding marriage so much as they are loi^ing for a new father and mother to take care of them.

Schools for bachelors?

Maybe its a good idea at that. Reform schools where they could learn to grow up and face life like real men.

' Quote

It is one thing to withhold information that may Jeopardize our national safety; it is another thing entirely to resort to lies which can do nothing more than undermine th foundations of freedom in due time. Wildwood (N.J.) Leader.

By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN

Copyright, 1963, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

The doctor, a prominent New Y'ork specialist In respiratory ailments, was talking at lunch with the retired board chairman of a big mining company. I was the privileged eavesdn^per, listening to two men of l(g experience. The retird board chairman was lamenting Uie fact that he was no longer physically able to take walks in cities, which was something that he had once enjoyed doing.

You wouldnt know New Yoric, the doctor said, "you wouldnt believe what goes on today in the dark side streets.

With this, the doctor was off the subject of our modem urban Jungles. A generation ago. he said, the big problems <rf our cities were caused by the Prohibition law. People wanted to drink and they saw nothing wrong in supporUng the whole complex of rum - running gang-sterisqi that had to be organized to supply them with liquor which they could not obtain legally.

Well, so the retired board chairman said, the problem of the rum-running gangster had disappeared with the repeal of the Eighteenth Amendmoit. So something had been gained.

The doctor shook his head violently, and, with surgical directness, Immediately pressed home his point. Its no longer lltjuor that creates the problem, he said, its dope.

But you cant have people taking dope, the retired board chairman said.

The doctor went Into a momentary brown study. He admitted that the dope habit created bad problems. But be insisted that the attempt to head off these problems by bringing the forces of the law to bear on it was only making a bad matter worse.

Go Into the side streets. he told the retired board chairman. and see what goes on there. Muggings. Prostitution. Killings. You look for the motives. Why should there be such an increase in lawlessness? If you look at it closely, its because someone is desperate. And for what? Not for food. People rob. and murder, and sell themselves into prostituti(Mi, and do other terrible things, because they have a craving for something they cant buy on a stenographers salary of $70 a week. They need a fix of dcs>e, which costs big money. And the only way they can hope to get the money Is by crime.

The doctor went on at length about the organization of the dope in this country, ho said, dope in tris country, he said, is so profitable that you have hundreds willing to take their chances with the law to get their cut from it. A small amount of dope that costs very little money in Turkey or Red China brings In milU(Mis If you can get it through to New York. Shipping employees bring it ashore, and there is no means of policing their comings and goings. Once in the hands of pushers, so the doctor said, the dope reaches a market that has been created for It artificially. The pusher will hook an innocent, usually an adolescent, by letting him in on a wonderful experience for free. The innocent tries It out. Soon he has the habit, and cant kick it. At this point the pusher exacts his price. The Innocent, wild for his fix, cant get the money. So its the next step on the downtrail to mug somebody and grab his pocketbook. Or, If you are a woman^ to become a prostitute.

This. said the doctor, "is what creates the problem of our side streets.

The retired board chairman wanted to know what the doctor would recommend to cure the situation.

Id make It legal to sell dope, said the doctor. "But at the same time Id set up government clinics where anyone craving a fix could get It free. This would destroy the whole organization that now makes its millions illegally by smuggling the stuff in and 'hooking* people Into the habit. At the same time it would bring the sufferers to the attention of qusQifled medical men. They could then (Continued on Pago 5)

?lan

Capacity Angles

Business Administratl(Mi, University of Virginia, at the 47th annual meeting of the National Industrial Conference Board in New York.

Professor Phillips did not go into the value of our surplus plant capacity as a war re-.serve, but he did question where the capacity is and why It exists.

He noted that the most recent survey of excess capacity by McGraw-Hill last month indicated that production at the end of 1962 was about 10 per cent below capacity. McGraw-Hill pointed out that steel, auto and rubber industries were operating near economic capacity, while others, such as metal fabrication. machinery, and stone, clay and glass were iiinning below 90 per cent.

This suggests, he said, that excess capacity is being caused in part, by changes in the structure of demand not by a simple insufficiency of demand. The economy has capacity to produce goods which the market does not want.

AFFECTS UNEMPLOYMENT

The situation, judged by un-emplo.vTnent as well as capacity data, leads to the impression

that structural change may be as important a cause of excess capacity as is the level of total demand.

There is another cause of excess facilities, he said.

Certain old industries, such as railroads, shipbuilding and. to a certain extent, steel, have great amounts of plant and equipment still on their books which, should demand increase, would not be utilized. Instead, it would be replaced by new capital goods. . .

Looking back. . .McGraw-Hills data showing only 83 per cent utillzatl(Mi may be quite correct. But looking forward to the goods which will be produc-d and the technologies which will be used to make them, there is not nearly so much.

The small initial increase in total demand which a tax cut or other autonomous influence could signal could easily press effective, j economic capacity much earlier than the McGraw-Hill data suggest.

There Is a real possibility of a substantial investment boom- much of it in new types of capacitywithin the next two yeaiTs.

SUGAR PRICES RISE,

EACH 1920 RECORD '

Sugar prices rose again this week. The wholesale refined price rose to 12.8 cents a pound in the Northeast, the highest price since the fall of 1920. World sugar supplies are tight and were worsened by a flie In an Australian warehouse that destroyed 77,000 tons of raw sugar. In addition, estimates of United States consiunpUoo have risen.

HOW TO GET Z DEDUCTIONS FOR THE PRICE OF ONE

Prentice-HaU has come up with a situation In which a Federal income taxpayer can get two deductions (mi one expenditure. Suppose, it says, that the taxpayer has to purchase a has-pital bed, a wheel chair, an orthopedic appliance or the like for, say, $300. Thats a deductible medical expense. Then when the patient recovers. If the taxpayer gives the equipment to a local hospital he Is entitled to deduct the current mar-kel value, say $200. as a charitable contribution.1}