Saturday, April 13,

School Fee Policy Needs Overhaul

Successor To Easter Egg Rolling

The wide range of extra fees and funds which are paid by students in the school systems ol Greenville and Pitt County strongly suggest this matter needs the immediate and careful attention of the Boards of Education responsible for these school administrative units.

If the additional fees cannot be eliminated, certainly there should be an effort by the school boards to bring about a standardization of fees in schools within the same system. And the standardizationif that is the alternativeshould be at a very minimum fee, remembering that the idea of a public school system is to provide with tax funds the best possible educational opportunities for the youngsters from poor as well as wealthy families.

It is evident that many thousands of dollars annually are being pumped into public school operations in Greenville and Pitt County through the fee system. It also appears that the fee system has developed differently in the individual schools and at the various class levels without any real planning or policy on the part of the governing boards of the school administrative units.

'!^oad Bond BiL

Points

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES

HURDLEThe Morgan-Saun-ders bill to call a new $200 million highway bond referendum cleared the Senate Roads committee by a two to one voice voteand achieved several tactical objectives.

First, it cleared a big and important hurdle and put opponents of a highway bond issue * back on the defensive.

It proved that those who as-umed Gov. Terry Sanfords opposition spelled its immediate death were wrong. Confidence of bond Issue proponents grew, although opponents are equally confident they can kin It later.

They would have killed it in Roads if they could, one backer of the bill claimed. They couldnt. They didnt have the votes.

Secondly, the Senate Roads committee actiOTi brought basic Issues Involved into the open.

ISSUES BoUed down, the highway bond dispute hinges on two principal questions:

1. Bond financing versus a sust^ing pay -"as - you - go plan for the future of North Carolinas highway program.

2. Political anxiety that a costly new bond issue would be defeated.

The Sanford administration and legislative supporters want a study of the first question and cautiously do not want to force the second at this time, fearing the consequences in next years elections.

FIGHTA legislative fight Is coming on the highway bond issue. That much was made certain.

The Senate Roads vote meant that the proposal now goes into the Joint Finance committee with favorable reports of both Senate and House Roads committees. This adds to its Stature, and with formidable opposition It obviously needs all the strength it can get.

Had either of the roads committees voted mifavorably, any flickering hope would have been snuffed out quickly in Finance.

Now\ however, it Is guaranteed enough support to encourage its sponsors to push It to the floor, even by minority report if necessary.

VOTESens. Robert Morgan and William Saunders, authors of i(he bond issue bill, polled Roads committee in ad-Ice and knew they held the Yet there was some ma-Ivering In the meeting, and 'surprise or tw'o from both Bides.

Apparently no votes were changed.

Sen. Ralph Scott, a leader of the bond issue opposition, and Sen. Carl Meares, w'ho has indicated opposition, did not Bpeak. These two, along with four senators who made state-

The situation, in our opinion, is not a healthy one for the school administrative units, the individual schools or the individual students. It is. in our opinion, a serious indictment of our program to afford better education opportunities for all youngs sters when lack of money from the home may prevent a youngster from taking a particular public school course for which a special fee is charged.

If there is insufficient tax revenue to support an adequate educational program in the schools of Greenville or Pitt County, it is the responsibility of school officials to lay the cards on the table for the public to see. Even if the fees average only a few dollars per student per year, for families with students in the schools of Greenville and Pitt County, these fees amount to a considerable sum each year.

If this money is essential to providing the calibre educational program that is needed, should it not come from tax funds rather than a fee system?

The school administrative units are now in the process^,of formulating their budgets for the coming fiscal year. This serious matter of the variety of fees charged in our public schools and the amount of money involved should be thrashed out thoroughly before the new school budgets are finalized.

Careful attention to the matter, and positive action concerning it, should not be put off for another year by the Boards of Education of GreenviTIe and Pitt County schools.

P ISSUGS Timely Reminder Of

ments, accounted for almost all of the seven or eight no votes among the 23 senators present.

There was no official count, nor request for a recorded vote, although chairman Irwin Belk did ask for ayes and noes a second time just to be sure.

CLEAREDAgainst the bond issue were Sens. James V. Johnson of Iredell. Lin Hollo-w'ell of Gaston w'ho said a bond referendum hasnt got a chance at the polls, Henry G. Shelton of Edgecombe who said jumping from one bond issue to another is not enough, and Sen. James Stikeleather of Buncombe, ^

Stikeleather dramatized the states highway financing needs with a blunt statement that $200 million is inadequate and that half a billion dollars Is more nearly what is required.

Voting for a $200 million bond issue, he said, would kill the goose that lays the golden eggs.

'It was Iredell's Johnson, however, who read the most striking and perhaps .surprising statement,

Johnson Is Senate Finance chairman and an administration leader and his 3'2 page statement certainly mirrored administration thinking on a number of points.

Among these was his unusual statement: First of all. I oppose it for political reasons I do not believe the people of our state would pass such a proposal when presented to them. Their rejection, in my opinion, would constitute repudiation of our Democratic leadership and revive Republican charges of tax and spend w'hereas North Carolina is truly the State where good government is a habit.

POINTSJohnson made other points, and proponents offered rebuttal to each. Among these;

I cannot believe that a crash program is presently needed on secondary roads. Sponsors shot back that a five year bond financing plan is not a crash program.

He opposed secondary construction on an unpaved mileage basis. Proponents said this is the present highway policy.

There are those who w'ould say that $30 million was allocated in an effort to attract urban support for this proposal. Proponents said such an urban allocation was suggested by state highway chairman Merrill Evans.

Probably incur interest costs in the neighborhood of $70 million Proponents produced new figures computed by State Trea.surer Edwin Gill based on present bond rates putting interest at $.54 million.

The Dsuly Reflector

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Entered at Post Olilce, OreenvlUe, N C.. as second class mall matter.

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Pitt's CD Program

Thuriidays Civil Defense school evacuation diill is a timely reminder that preparedness is not an overnight phenomenon.

It takes months and even years to train a population in the intricacies of modern civil defense requirment. It takes months and years to gradually develop and build up the necessary equipment and supplies.

Whether it is good or bad, there is a lack of urgency about the whole field. Still, it is going forward in Pitt County,

Since the program began, hundreds have taken the proffered training in home nursing; other scores have been trained in the operation of radiation-detecting devices that are not yet at hand; a communications system has been developed; there has been prepared an operational program for the county; and a shelter surv'ey has been undertaken.

All this has been done ov^er a period of years; and as previously noted, it may be as well that a deliberate pace has been maintained. Civil Defense is not an overnight burst of enthusiasm or an overnight manife.sTiron of panic. If is, rather, a" stind rational approach to one of the hazards of our times.

It may well be that the simple fact of the degree of American Civil Defense preparedness is the deciding factor that will or will not unleash the monster of nuclear warefare. That fact should gear us for the long haul.

Spring

I V.VVv-v % -V:

By HAL BOYLE

Snjoying It Less?

NEW YORK (AP) One of lifes little ordeals for the American male is the problem of taking care of the lady smoker.

It isnt enough today, in a womans world, that a man c)en doors for the ladies, doff his bonnet in an elevator to them, give up his seat In a bus to them, and bring his paycheck home in his mouth to the fairest of them all.

No indeed. One of the fringe benefits of manhood and the sternest test of gallantry is the privilege of helping the girls through tBe 'ceremooiai rites of the nicotine habit.

Here are some types of lady smokers familiar to most men:

Sandra Showoff This female powerhouse likes ostentation as well as attentiwi. She waits until shes at the far corner of the ro<Hn before pulling

out her cigarette, thus forcing you to gallop over before everybody to ignite it.

Golddigger Gertie No

matter where you meet her, whether at a cocktail party or atop the Statue of Liberty, the cigarette she pulls out is always her very last one. S<xne-how, somewhere, you have to manage to get her another pack immediately if youre any kind of man at all.

Thelma Twitchy The gabby type. Keeps talking as you-^ to Ifeht'her up, and the cigarette bobs around in all directions like a weathervane. When the match finally bums your fingers and you cry Ouch!, she asks loudly, whats the matter? Got the shakes again? May'be youd better lay off the stuff for a while.

Exotic Erica" Cant

iVerytning is

On The Move

Other Editors Saying.. Cost Of Higher Education

Bv JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) These are the days of unfinished business when everything is moving but nothing has arrived and when what sounds like a bang could end in a moan.

Arabs are getting together. NATO is looking up. Laos is looking dovTi, Viet Nam seems uncertain, there's a pause in Korea, Communi.sts are upstaging one another, Congress is floundering, and no one knows where prices are going.

Laos is on the edge of civil war. The two-year-old military junta in Korea, under American pressure, has agreed to let the people vote for a civilian government but it's by no means certain that in the end they will.

In Viet Nam the war again.st Communist guerrillas has slowed down, American and Vietnamese officers say, because president Ngo^Dinh Diem's re-gime fears American support" for it s declining.

Yet, the American position up to now has been that Diem is the only anti-Communist leader strong ojiough to hold the nation together. But Dictator Diem lias been .strongly criticized in this country which gave him $2 billion in aid.

The 1.5 Atlantic allies in NATO are going to .set up a common nuclear force. But the details are mi.ssing. Working tliem out will take some doing. Wrangles look sure. Less sure is that the whole thing will mean much.

At least it got the Russians mad but that's not much news since theyre pretty mad most of the time about .something, including the Red Chinese, who were their partners.

The obvious disunity the split Ix'tween the Soviets and Red Chinese- is the wor.st thing that has happt'iied to world communism since the war. Red China's bo.ss. Mao Tze-tung. asked Premier Khrushchev to Peking for a chat.

Khrushchev turned him down, suggested Mao go to Moscow. Odiily enough, in all the two men suggested in their letters that they talk about, they put unity last,

Tlie rulers of Egypt, Syria and Iraq agreed to unite tiieir million people in a new United Arab Republic with Cairo as capital. But they're not revealing details. For in.stance, they didn't say who will head it.

Meanwhile, as if in warning to Lsrael. Egypt test-fired two rockets. Saudi Arabia and Jordan. both anti-Na.sser in the past, don't know wliat to expect next. Ncithei' does Israel. For that mattei. maybe Eg.vpt. Syria and Iraq dont know, either.

President Keuncdv. who supported a refugee invasin ot Cu-t)a two years ago. lias backed so far away from a rcpctilion ol it that he forbids refugees iii k'lnricla to make hit-run raids on Fidel C'lstro.s i.'-land from American shores.

Even Castro m a television

talk noted things have quieted down. But while that sounds like a sigh of relief, it isnt. He says the sudden quiet doesnt mean there wont be any more threat of American aggression.

That seems to leave everyone up in the air: Castro about what to expect next: the refugees about where to go next; and Kennedy about what to do next.

Early this week in Canada the Liberals defeated the Cai-servatives in the elections but Liberal Leader Lester B. Pearson hasnt become prime minister because Conservative Prime Minister John G. Die-fenbaker hasnt made up his mind about stepping down.

The new national Draft Gold-water for President Committee was organized to push the fortunes of Sen. Barry Goldwater of Arizona but he said: No

commerit.'^

New Yorks Gov. Nelson A. Rockefeller, running like anything for the Republican presidential nomination, made a sweeping proposal that Kennedys budget should be cut but when asked where and how he got suddenly vague.

In Congress this year, like always. theres greater enthusiasm for cutting foreign aid than cutting appropriations for the states which the members represent. Its no puzzle. Africans and Asians dont vote in American elections.

This year Kennedy tried to appease the ax-men by suggesting himself his foreign aid program could be cut $420 million. The cutters will want to use this as just a starting point.

When the Wheeling steel Corp. this week raised its prices on some products there was an ominous Initial silence from the White House. Just one year ago to the day Kennedy had crashed dow'n on the steel industry for upping prices. They backed down.

For Wheeling to try it again on tlie anniversary date must have Irked the President. Thursday he said it was all lighthe had no law to stop it anywayto raise prices on a .selective basis, meaning some prices on steel but not all.

That created more questions than it answer-ed.

What happens if gradually steel raises all its prices? Will other industries now start raising? Will the Steelwor-kers Union now demand a wage boost? If this becomes general, as it pi'ohably will therell be inflation.

And inflation was what Kennedy postjvrly didnt want.

Quote

"Ct()\ ernrnent rs best, limit-0(1 by Irrniting it.s funds. Biiiiiitrghara lAla.) Press.

(Greensboro Daily News)

The legislation to provide small state tuition grants to North Carolina students attending private colleges has much to recommend it.

Some 93 legislators signed the bill designed to make available small subsidies, similar to those used under the GI bill of World War n, to deserving students. The act is surrounded by safeguards. Grants up to $100 a semester would be based on the state taxable income of the student or his parent or guardian. Some 17,500 students now attending private colleges would be eligible for grants, and they would average about $145 per student, covering 40 private colleges and four religious training institutions.

Some questions, quite naturally, have been raised about the bills impact on the separation-of-church-and-state issue; but they can be answered easily enough: As under the GI education bill, the grants go directly to the students, not the institutions.

If there are questions about the legislation, they lie rather in the realm of just how effective such subsidies would be.

North Carolina ranks 46th among the states in number of young people 18 to 21 years of age attending college Great emphasis must be placed in the years ahead on improving this poor showing. The community college program endorsed by the Carlyle Commission was designed as one way to make higher

education facilities available to more students. But it has always seemed to us that North Carolina should also take greater advantage of the colleges, public and private, already in our midst.

Some of the private institutions are having a hard time financially: but their core capital investments are already in existence classrooms, buildings, faculties and administrative facilities. Why shouldnt North Carolina give greater encouragement to these private colleges?

There is a place, of course, for additional community colleges; but we have no idea that the ambitious state - wide program first recommended by the Carlyle Commission is feasible for the immediate future. Until private Institutions are upgraded and used to full potential. It does not seem the course of wisdom to embark on an overly ambitious program of new institutions^

Just what Impact this newly launched student tuition aid program will have cannot be foreseen. It will have to be enacted and tried for a while.

But we do know that the problems of securing a higher education for many of the states deserving youth are becoming more intense and difficult every year. The high cost of higher education (including dormitory fees at some of the state institutions) is pricing more and more students out of college.

And this trend runs counters to all the hopes and dreams of an education-minded state.

stand anything except hlglily perfumed Oriental cigarettes which she puffs from the near end of a two-foot black and silver holder. After half an h(Hir by her. you reel away smelling like an old Chinese temple.

"Bertha Beatnik Shes the Bohemian type. Thinks eig-aiettes are strictly for the cow-birds at the party. Prefers an Imitation corncob pipe encrusted with rhinestones. Gets ashes on rug by knocking pipe against her shoe heel. One nice thing about Ber^a : Your^ \rtfe_ never Invites her back asain."^" "

Smudge-Pot NeU This human chimney is a chain smoker who feels socially insecure unless she has at least three cigarettes going for her at all times. A man really needs a blow torch to keep her lit up.

Independent Inez Ruggedly self-reliant. Waits until a man gets his lighter out. then chills his chivalry with the cold remark. Oh. Im a big girl now. Im quite able to light my own cigarette. The man, crestfallen. withdraws his lighter, silently w'ishing he could cram it dovra her proud throat.

Critical Kitty She blows .smoke rings in your face for an hour. But when you light up a cigar yourself in self - defense, she wails, Please put it out. wont you? I simply cant stand the smell of those awful things.

Dames like the.se are enough to give any fellow nicotine narcosis. They help explain why w'omen may be smoking more today but men are enjoying it less.

&The

Sprays

By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN

Copyright, 1963, King Peaturei Syndicate, Inc.

The big question in suburbii this spring is nothing so porten tous as what to do about Castro or the tax cut. It is whe: ther to spray or not to spray.

All sorts of associatimis have sprung up in the wake tA Rachel Carsons well . publicized attack on the sellers and users of high - powered insecticides. Hardly a mail is delivered that doesnt carry sne warning that spraying to cimtrol the gypsy moth, for example, is incidentally murderous to the aquatic insects which keep the fish in our ponds and streams alive. The story of how spraying to control the fire ant in the southern states also decimated birds and raccoons is told and retold. Likewise the story of the dusting of Wayne County in Michigan, which, so the material in the mails repeats, killed Japanese beetles and song birds with beautiful impartiality.

The Carson wwnan, which is how some of the more angry entomologists refer to the best - selling author and lecturer w ho instigated this vast concern over what insecticides are doing to birds, fish and bees, is having her day of triumph. And the entomologist, even when they hate her, do not try to knock down her criticism of Indiscriminate spraying, which they admit can kill pheasants and beneficent earthworms along with noxious insects. The real case of the entomologists and biologists against Miss Carson is that she has helped popularize a new stereotj-pe of the careless expert who refu.se.s even to ctMisider the danger of the Insecticides he recommends for roadside sprajing or for the aerial dusting of crops or State-owned woodlands.

The argument of ie professional entomologist Is that the prevalence of an insect pest invariably poses a choice between two evil courses. Admittedly the effort to eradicate the gypsy moth does some damage to the food supply of fish as DDT falls Into streams. But if the gypsy moth Is permitted to breed at will, an oak forest can be defoliated in next to no time. When- * iorert Ibses its leaves; the birds necessarily move on. Using a striking figure of speech. Miss Carson says its a silent spring when insecticides kill the SOTg birds. But. so the entomologists retort, its also a silent spring when the bird.s can find no leafy woods in which to live. Its a question <rf where to draw a fine line and the more practical entomologist.s cane up with a conpromlse answer. This answer is: spray, but do not do it two years in a row. Give the fish in the streams time to come back between sprayings. But do not let wood.s become so completely defoliated that no birds can live in them.

Another thing that the profe.s-sional entomologists hold against Miss Carson is the air of omtniscience w-hlch they say accompanies her recommendation that they study the u.se of biological control of insect pests. The professionals insist they have been making strenuous efforts along this line ever since 1917. But "biologlcar* controls, which involve setting one insect to prey on anoUier. are not easy to develop. By (Continued On Page 8)

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS DEAD AND BURIED

There are days in the lives of every one of us when we feel that we cannot survive their pain, sorrow, and disappointment. Life has dealt fearfully with us. What shall we do? Whither shall we turn?

Think of how the eleven disciples felt on this day that Jesus spent in the tomb. All their hopes had died with this wonderful Man. It was he who was to redeem Israel, and lo he had ended up a martyr. In him all their hopes had been centered, and now all those hopes had been shattered and ground into the dust. The loss of a friend and Master was grevious enough, but the complete disillusionment which his death brought, the crushing defeat of their

ideals this was almost mora than they could bear.

Where were the eleven disciples during these tragic hours? Probably in their homes weeping, asking themselves how thia tragic thing could happen, looking to the future and shaking their heads in despair. The body of Jesus was dead and resting in a tomb. Judas, one of their number, was counting his betrayal money, and the Ume would come when his guilt-laden conscience would lead hbn to suicide. Peter had denied his Lord. Only John, with aome of the women, had stood at the foot kA the cross, and watched the Master die.

What a day of sadness! But a new day was dawning. In fact, the word Easter Is derived from a Sanskrit word which means dawn.

?arm Co-Ops Gsntly Warnec.

By ELMER ROESSNER

Farm cooperatives have been gently warned by Paul Rand Dixon, chairman of the Federal Trade Commission, that they are not immune from the anti-tivist laws. The inference is that the FTC will push more cases against cooperatives that act as if they were exempt from the law.

Dixon, addressing the Southeast Milk Marketing Association at New Orleans on March 28, pointed out that the Capper-Volstead Act of ,1922 specifically authorized action against any co-op that monopolizes or restrains trade in interstate or foreign commerce to such an extent that the price of any agricultural product is unduly enhanced by reason thereof.*

IMMUNITY OUTLAWED

Many agriculturists have believed that farmers co-ops were not subject to Federal antitrust legislation, but Chairman Dixon pointed out that th recently decided Maryland & Virginia Milk Producers Association vs. United States has completely laid to rest arguments that agriculUual cooperativa

enjoy a broad immunity from the anti-trust laws.

While a group of fanners acting together would not be held an illegal combination or con-spii-acy in i-estraint of trade, the law does not give such an entity full freedom to engage in predatory practices at will.

He quoted the court decision that the law does not sugge.st a Congressional desire to Invest cooperatives with unrestricted power to restrain trade or to achieve monopoly by preying on independent producers, processors or dealers intent on carrying on their own businesses in their own legitimate way. UNDER ANTITRUST LAWS Dixon also cited the Supreme Courts ruling hi the U.S. vs. Borden Co., in which distributors. a co-op, a labor union, city officials and others had conspired to fix milk prices in the Chicago area. He^ :^&id this removed all question that where agricultural cooperatives combine or conspire with nonagrl-ciiltural entitles to fix prices, limit production, divide territories or otherwise restrain trade they are clearly amendable to under the antitrust laws.

In the Flortda Citrus Mutual case, he said the PTC was upheld that the co-op, in fixing prices with processors and the price the public paid, went beyond the law. Other courts, he said, had upheld the theory that co-ops were not immune to prosecution.

In summary, he said, Cooperatives do not have trade regulation Immunity in the broad sense of the word. They are not permitted to engage in discriminatory, unfair or predatory practices to eliminate competition or to injure competitors.

He added that few co-ops failed to comply with the law, and he did not threaten a campaign against co-ops, but he let his warning stand.

SEE 70 MILLION CUSTOMERS FOR 8-OUNCE CANS

Eight-ounce cans of fruits, vegetables and meats, originally brought out for people who lived alone or for couples with modest appetites, are now^ "rocketing in sales, according to Stokely-Van Camp, one of the busie.st canners. Studies Indicate that there are 70 mlUlOD

potential custoners for the (> called buffet size can. Many larger families are buying them to meet the special tastes of members.

Besides, the canner point out, the 8-ounce size is ooe of the most profitable canned-good items for the retailer.**

SHORT Jk SIGNIFICANT BUSINESS NEWS ITEMS

The University of Texas has accepted a Federal grant to determine if plastics cause cancer in animals. . .Although It did not knock out Pennsylvanias so-called Pair trade act, iie states Supreme Court sharply criticized the law. Justice Michael A. Musmaimo said, At Its worst, it can become a strait jacket on initiative in business, resulting In monopoly, manacling progress so as to serve a possibly consplratorial status quo.. . .Impots from Mexico. Hungary. Italy and Yugoslavia are holding down prices of broom com In the . S.. complains the Broom Research Council. . .Boat tie-down straps on boat trailers are subject to the Federal excise tax. the Internal Revenue Service has ruled.