Wednesday, March 27, 1968

Effectiveness Keyed To Efficiency

Now Hear This, Now Hear This

An effective ioreifl^n aid program for the United States b not so much a matter of how many millions are spent, but rather how efficiently the nations foreign aid funds are handled.

This appears to be the central theme of recommendations of the Clay cominittee which was appointed by President Kennedy to study the governments foreign aid program.*Now that the report of these 10 leading citizens has been made public, it is evident that the recommendations are not entirely satisfactory either to the advocates of a greater foreign aid program or opponents of the existing program.

ball, by either party, but rather it should be carefully regarded and carefully implemented by both the Congress and the administration to strengthen the benefits the nation will receive from tax dollars spent around the world.

Certainly there are points in the report which can be attacked by both proponents and opponents of the foreign aid program. As a whole, however, the recommendations in our opinion point ihe way to a much more sound and much more positive prr^ gram of assisting other nations than the United States has at present.

For Once, N.C. Saw

The committee asserted that substantial assistance programs should be continued by the United

States. It also asserted that the cost of the program y . w " mr TT_______

should be reduced in the future even though there J UStlC JLH UrrV

can be no reduction immediately because of commitments that already have been made. The recommended cut of one-half billion in the existing spending rate of $3.9 billion fell far short of what some opponents had hoped for. It obviously was a serious blow to Kennedy administration hopes of receiving congressional approval for the proposed $4.9 billion foreign aid program in the budget for the coming fiscal year.

Wheels of justice which seem to grind slowly in most North Carolina courts were sharply accelerated in Shelby this week when a shoplifter was apprehended, tried and sentenced all within a period of one hour.

Congress and the administration should carefully consider the recommendations contained in the report. Particularly should attention be given to recommendations concerning better management of foreign aid dollars, the assertion that the U.S. is trying to do too much for too many nations, and that its military assistance programs often are greater than the need would seem to indicate.

The report should not be made a political foot-

i'igures Stress Tobacco Is King

Reading of this rapid action in the Shelby court, we couldnt help thinking about the hundreds of cases that have been awaiting trial for months, in some cases even years, on court dockets around North Carolina.

The rapid-fire action in the Shelby case is, of course, much swifter justice than is normally expected. The cases which linger for months or years without coming to trial are also exceptions to the generally accepted idea of what constitutes a speedy trial. ,

For every case which is dispatched with the unusual speed accorded the Shelby shoplifter, there are many others which linger much too long on the dockets before coming to trial.

By HENRY HOWAKi>

D

rrying is

By WILLIAM A. ffilRES

FABM A study of farm In-eome figures fw 1962 shows dearly why tobacco is still king ef crops in North Carolina.

Tobacco brought in a whopping $559.8 million for fanners In the state last year, accounting for 42 per cent of all 1962 farm sates and nearly 67 per cent oi all crop Income.

White there la no denying tobacco its rightful place in the states farm economy, (rfflclals shooting for a $1.6 billion North Carolina farm income in 1966, are just as cheered by some other figures.

The analysis, contained in a report by the N. C. Extension service, shows significant growth in animal agriculture, livestock, poultry and eggs.

And this, officials feel, may be Uie key to achieving the goal of the 1.6 in '66 program, a 24 per cent increase in farm income In the space of five years.

CROPS Crops accounted for about 63 per cent of all farm sales in 1962, with livestock ipmmttng to 30 per cent and forestry seven per cent.

A breakdown on crop Income for the state was as follows:

Tobacco $559.8 mlUlon. up 3.9 per cent; cotton $50.8 million, down 1.8 per cent; peanuts $39.2 million, up 19.4 per cent; com Bl.l million, up 16.6 per cent; other grahis tncludJng soybeans $57.4 mmion down 2.4 per cent; potatoes $15.9 mUlion. up 8.6 per cent; fruits and vegetables $40.4 up 2 per cent; greenhouse and nursery crops $10.1 mlHloQ, up 12.6 per cent; hay and other crops $7.9 million, down 5.2 per cent.

sales amounted to $88.1 mlUion, a gain of five per cent and officials foresee further proinise in this through wood-huid management and good forestry practloes and conservar tlon.

LIVESTOCK But the biggest and most promising growth figures came in the ceiegory of animal agriculture. -------

The reports breakdown on estimated livestock income was:

Poultry and eggs, $197 million, up 17.6 per cent; milk $70.2 million, up five per cent; bogs $67.2 million, up 2.1 per cent and cattle $53 million, up 11.8 per cent.

Total livestock and livestock product sates for the year reached $392 million, or an increase of 11.4 per cent over 1961. Crops, while totaling $842 million, showed a gain ctf only 4.2 per cent in tlM year.

Subtracting tobacco, however, the states animal agriculture already outstrips all other crops in total farm Income per year.

INCOME Farm income figures are awaited anxiously and studied carefully by state officials. The report Just made public has its encouraging aspects, hut also underline prol^ans.

Encouraging, of course, is the $78 million Increase in gross farm Income, a total of $1,362 million. Gross farm sales reached a record 1,322 million, up 6.3 per cent from the $1,243 million In 1961. Government iww-ments amounted to $40.4 million.

Government payments Jumped from $^.8 million in 1961 primarily because of the feed grain and wheat programs, but total government payments still were less than three per cmt of gross North Carolina farm receipts.

Director R. W. Shoffner of the N. C. Extension Service said the overall outlook was good.

We realize that there are. many things In agriculture floods, price su]MX>rt programs, etc. over which we have no control, Shoffner said. But if all goes well, we should show evMi more progress in the coming years. We are Just getting geared up in some areas.

DISTRIBUTE The report pointed out that the gain in farm Income was unevenly distributed.

Income in 16 easternmost counties remained virtually unchanged at $107 million, because of damaging rains. In the 17 counties of Northwestern North Carolina, farm Income went up

14.1 per from |Q09 to $238 mUlioD cbl^a^ because of poultry and egg (tevelopment.

Other regkbal figures included: Nortbeaskera counties $450 milHnn, up 3.1 per Cent; Southeastern. $386.8 mfiUan, up 10.6 per cent; wesiem $69 million up

5.1 per cent, and soutfawestem $131.7 mUlicxi up 6J per cent.

the 1962 results within 86.5 per .6 buhan goal in

;NIot Toleratec.

six^fn^ put the ceat of 1966.

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By JAMES MARLOW WASHINGTON (AP) - Looking for Communist subversion la (ie thing but using communism as an excuse for prying into the private affairs of private organizations Is something else and not to be tolerated.

This In effect was Mondays Supreme Court decision throwing out the CMiviction of Theodore R. Gibson. It puts a brake aa fishing expeditions by legislative COTomlttees that lack a legitimate excuse for asking questions.

Gibson was president of the Miami branch of the Natitmal Association for the Advancement of Colored People when in 1959 a Florida legislative committee demanded he produce the membership list.

The committee said It wanted the list to ask him whether it Included any of 14 persons named by a committee Investigator as Communist party members who UK* part in NAACP affairs.

The chairman told Gibson the committee was first concerned with the activities of various organizations which have been or are presently operating in this state In the field of race relations.

The chairman also said the inquiry would be directed toward Communist activities, In-cludteg infiltration of organizations operating In various fields, including race.

Gibson lo(*ed at the names and photographs of the 14 persons previously identified as C(nmuntets <xr members of frwit organizations. He said ho could associate none of them with the NAACP.

But he refused to produce the list of the Miami NCPs membOTSshlp of about 1,000 persons, arguing he didnt have to because (rf the First and Fourteenth amendments protecting rights of free >eech and free assodation. ^

He was charged with con-con tempt, tried in a state court, convicted and sentenced to six months in Ja. His appeal finally reached the Supreme Court.

Justice Arthur Goldberg read the majority opinion putting aside the conviction.

He said the court wasnt denying the legislative right to Investigate or legislate with respect to subversive activities by OtmTniinifd.s or anyone else. He said the decision deals only with the manner in which such power is exercised.

We bold simply, he said, that gTOPs vrtch themselves are netther engaged in aubver-rive or other illegal or improper activitiea. nor demonstrated to have any aubstant^ connection with such are to be protected in tbeir rights of free mod private asaodation.

He pointed out there was no suggestion that the NAACP or its Mtml branch were subversive organiratioDS and that the record of the case Indicates the NAAt7 tr xivbsit communism. In other words, the court held

that the Florida committee didnt have a real excuse in this case to say It was loc^g for Communists in the NAACP and without such an excuse it had no right to pry in privacy.

In this case, Goldberg explained. the real object of the investigation was not to find Communists but to dig Into the NAACP to find out who its members were since the investigators already knew about the Communists they had in mind.

There have been previous decisions along this line. Monday's ruling was Just oiae more step In the increasing effort the court is making to protect individual freedoms.

Goldberg said his (^Idnion doesnt interfere with the right of a state legtslature to Inform itself through inveetigaticms to protect its vital interests. In this case, by the courts findings, Floridas vital Interests were not at stake.

Legislative investigators may be a Uttle more careful about where they barge In on the privacy of individuals or organi-zatlcxis.

But there undoubtedly will be more cases of stepping over the line and the court In turn will have to decide them on their merits since each may be a little different.

Opinions !h Brief

Past legislatures havent shown any desire to pass the laws needed to give all of North Carolina honest elections. The result' has been a shameful abuse of the absentee ballot in some counties. The Raleigh Times.

TWELVE days from today theres a sort of showdown in Washington City.

Because on April 8 the case of the Eastern North Carolina airport again goes before officials of authority.

This time the casebook is reopened before the Civil Aeronautics Boards hearing examiner.

His decision may resolve the matter; it may be appealed to the full five-man board;

and even after that the federal judiciary avenue remains for those who oppose the area airport concept.

OPTIMISM among local forcea, driving headlong to justify before CAB eyes an area air facility for ENC, is not Hard to find at this stage of the game.

It is generally understood that the presentation perpar-ed under direction of Green

villes Bill Speight lays on the line a convincing argument.

At least one thing la sure;

Theres nothing amateurish about the area-concepta presentation.

Employed to help with the briefs have been a top-notch avlation-law expert and a high-priced economist who became interested in the ENC area project and pitched In at a bargain.

Other ,Editors Saying... The Haunting Danger

Thoughtful children do not call for a drink as soon as they go to bed. They wait until their parents have gone, too.Canton (Mass.) Journal. 1

A gunman appeared at the paymasters window of a large plant and demanded: *Never mind the jjayroU, bud. Just hand over the welfare fund, the group insurance premiums, the pension fimd and the withholding taxee.WaU Street Journal.

"Many capable boys who leave school to grab a job and have the feeling of earning money are defeating themselves. They win not go much further wliout the schooling training this technological age demands. Sampson (N.C.) Independent.

The best <me can say about worsening of events is that somehow they. will bllhg Ih* " tensified ^orts to cope. Christian Science Monitor.

(Rkhmofld News Leader)

When asked about the test ban negotiations at his press conference last week. President Kennedy said that the . S. would press for a treaty because he was haunted by the danger that by 1970 there might be ten nuclear powers, and socm afterwards, fifteen or twenty.

A different ghost also was haunting Mr. Kmedys remarks: The growing feeling in the Senate that the present administration has joined the neutralist camp. The Presidents remarks no doubt were triggered by the French test blast in the Sahara; and it is disquieting that Algeria and the U. S. are both following the neutralist theme.

Mr. Kennedy seemed to find a hope of peace in the Soviets recent offer to allow three onsite inspections of suspicious seismic shocks in the U.S.S.R., and thought the offer represented a significant shift of attitude. But even on the face of it, the Russians have scarcely made a ccmcession. The U. S. originally asked to inspect all suspicious seismic shocks in 1958; then the U. S. compromised on 20 inspections a year. Soon it was 12, and last December, 10. Now it is 7; shall we negotiate down to 5nr 3? Well, the answer Is that it really doesnt matter, because no number of inspections can disclose whether the Reds are cheating or not.

The fact of the matter is that half of all testing of nuclear weapons, even in the U.S., Is carried out below the 3-kllotoD range of detectaUlity. Larger explosions can be cushioned in gravelly soil or In large cavea. The current ncgotiatitms propose that monitoring stations In the U.S.S.R. be maimed by So-Met nationals, and that ttie con-wol commission be maimed by neutralists. If the Soviets were to make secret preparations, and break the treaty as they did their self-imposed ban, they would have an 18-month lead in nuclear develoixnent. The idea that the Soviets have made any

concession at all is an iUusiixi.

President Kennedys anxiety to make ccmcessiims In the face of ccKnmcm - sense safety pre-cautiwis underlines President de Gaulles fear that the U. S. would not defend Euhh In a nuclear war. Only a few weeks ago Mr. Kennedy was minimizing Frances ability to develop an independent nuclear capability. Now he Is haunted by the vlsiwi of ten or twenty such capabilities, each one two or three times the destructive power of the bomb at Hiroshima. There is, it seems, still some taSctical advantage to nuclear Independence.

President de Gaulle has refused to participate in the NATO nuclear pool for the simple reason that under American law the U. S. retains a veto over the use of nuclear'weapcms by NATO. Indeed, no nation would reasonably participate without a veto and at least one veto could always be expected. It is the very same reascmable objection which Khrushchev has made against disarmament under the State Departments UN Peace Force plan. Mr. Kennedy alone Is almost r^y to hand ultimate sovereign^ In security matters over to an unpredictable central authority.

It Is not necessary to surrender sovereignty to achieve peaceful disarmament. The U.8. already has prwosed several Intelligent programs of mutual checks and balances which do not compnKnlsc either side; Mr. Khrushchev would have accepted these if he were not trying to drive us to our national grave. Mr. Kennedy would prefer to forestall Senate discussion of a test-ban treaty until he presents an agreement as a completed surrender-or-perish ultl-maUim. Woodrow Wilson discovered that such ultimatums sometimes work to disaster; and Mr. Kennedy ahould move to banish the neutralist ghost before the test ban treaty beoomea an extremist Issue.

IP the federal authorities see eye-to-eye with the area-

concept advocates, the result would include formal certification by CAB of air service to the area airport.

The Initial version of the airport would be an estimated $1.5 million outfit. Cost woulfi be divided between federal and local sources.

For that amount of money, an airport with necessary terminal facilities and a runway capable of servicing contemporary airliners could be provided, according to ^eral and local estimates. ^

By converting its 700-acre Pltt-Oreenville Airport into cash (and there are already on-paper plana lor this), local sources could foot the initial bill without the help of communities resisting the area project.

This, local officials point out, is an unpleasant but realistic prospect. They hope other Eastern communities would readily enter a joint project if CAB favors the area idea.

LOCAL people are Intensely Interested in the airport idea. But the ENC consolidated air service concept has also^ drawm outside attention.

For example-The Kiplinger Washington Letter dated March 1 Included among its comments circulated privately to businessmen these observations on airports:

Closing of a number of airports Is likely in the near future.

Many small fields dont have enough passenger traffic to satisfy minimum requirements of Civil Aeronautics Board ... 5 passengers a day. So CAB is considering withdrawing federal subsidies ... a kill^ blow.

Others are too close together, should be consolidated. CAB says. It will decide a case soon involving New England airports, and later will look Into Minn-Mich-Wis., eastern N. C., and Dallas-Fort Worth.

Marti., Versus Castro

By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN Copyright, 1963, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

It waTlui old, musty, dogeared volume, the sort of thing you pick up on the remainder shelves of second-hand book shops for a nickel. Its title, a Icmg-wlnded one, was The War In Cuba, Being Pull Account of Her Great Struggle for Freedom, Containing a Complete Record of Spanish Tyranny and Oppression; Scenes of Violence and Bloodshed: Frequent Uprisings of a Gallant and Long Suffering People. The date of publication was 1896. two years before the Spanish-American War.

I brought it home from Miami, and have been trying, at odd moments, to penetrate the dense jungle of Its florid nineteenth century prose. What keeps you g(^ through the worst of the purple passages Is the odd sincerity that dwells just below the surface of the cUcbe-rldden text. Jose Marti, the Cuban patriot, is decked out In aU sorts of angelic colors but. discounting the tropical flowera of oratory (the work of Gonzalo de Quesada, the Cuban .republicans representative In Washington during the 1890s), he comes through as a warm, sentient human being, idealist and reaUst In one.

I had never known much about Marti before. Like the young Fidel Castro who staged an iTnpo*ihi attadc on a Batista etrongpoint for Its sym-boDd value, knowing that it must fall. Marti took his chances at the age of 16 when he claimed the authorship of an anti-Spanish article which he had not hlmseli wrttten. But Mar-tia motivation was different from Castros; he performed his Quixotic act to save a friend. He was Jailed, then exiled to Spain, from which he escaped. For twenty-five yean thereafter Marti worked for a free Cuba, supporting guerilla activity from New York City. It was Marti who created the Cuban Home Rule Party, who arranged for arms shipments to the Insurgents, and who took the field eventually as a Cuban revel general despite the fact that he had had no experience In soldiering.

Gonzalo de Quesada describes the death and martyrd(Hn of Marti on the soil of Cuba in words that sound like an excerpt from an old melodrama: Under the palms, on a white steed. . . .he fell. There, where our only majestic river, the Cauto, opens Its arms, where from the rising grounds, the valleys, like a motherly bosom, invite the eternal rest, canceled by a gray firmament, tlwre, where the world seems to dilate, Jose Marti battled for the last time against ^lanish tyranny. . .he charges; his spirited horse carries him ahead of his men; It Is his first engagement. it is his last victory; ho rolls frron his horse, fallen, wounded; his breast is riddled with bullets; the murderous lead entering under his chin has diih figured the firm mouth: the heavy mustache Is burnt; hta golden tOTgue is forever silent. Reading de Quesadas perfervld words, you squirm. But you cant quite laugh, for the veneration ' so flamboyantly expressed still carries a ring of truth after sixty-seven years.

If Marti had lived to become the first President of a fcee Cuban Republic, he would have scorned to go back on his word. Castro promised the Cubans that the Constitution of 1940 would be restored after the defeat oi Batista; he promised a free press; he promised free scope for any and all businessmen who had not collaborated with the Batista government. Every single promise has been betrayed. Marti would have scorned to put a single Cuban under the yoke of an alien old-world power. Castro has delivered all the Cubans In Cuba to Moscow.

Reading the old dog-eared book of 1896, I kept thinking about an article I wrote back in the Nineteen Tljjrties. about Venezuela, when that South American cocntry was trying to pick up the pieces after tlie death of the tyrant Juan Vicente Gomez, who had ruled It from 1906 to 1935. Gomez was a caudillo, a petty general, who pre-Continued on page 6)

Some Would End The Auto Tax

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS WE ALL LIKE PRAISE

The verb to explode haa had^a strange'history. It comes from a Latin wcxd meaning to clap (nes hands. Today when we approve of what a speaker says or enjoy the performance given by an actor, we clap our hands in M>proval. In the old days, quite the opposite was the case. If the audience did not like the speech or the stage play they showed their disapprobation by chqiplng their hands, hooting the perfonnaoce off the boards as it were.

With the passing of time this word explode came tornean anjrthlng that burst noisily or expanded suddenly with a release of pressure. Formerly the clapping of hands showed cUs-approvsJ. Today it shows appro

val. The Russians have the gn-clous custmn of retaining applause with ai87lau8e. If you clap your hands to show your approval of what a Russiaa does, he cli^M his hands to show that he appreciates your applause. (Let us take note that even the Russians can have a few gracious qualifies if we look closely enough to find them.)

Never forget that pe(H>le like applause. You like it and I like it. Sometimes we have to take precisely the opposite, and we bow our heads and let the blows faD. But we all love praise. We love people to think well of us. We love them to approve of our actions.

But such desires can quicUy spiU over Into compromise. The desire for applause is good (xily If such desire comes out of a good teart.

By ELMER ROESSNER A number of Craigressmen atrongly support proposals to eliminate the automobile manufacturers excise tax. Several have introduced bills to wipe it off the books.

Interest, naturally, is highest among Ccmgreasmen from car-manufacturing states. They are omstantly reminded that the tax, averaging $230 a car. helps to keep voters out of work.

The automotive excise tax is a bad tax, hurtful to one of our major Industries and particularly destructive to the business, Industry and labor of the district I have the honor to represent. stated John D. Din-gell (D.. Mich.). Elimination of this tax would do much to stimulate the economy of the whole country.

Representative Dlngell has introduced legislation to repeal the tax on autos, parts and accessories. and to cut the tax on trucks and buses to 5 per cent.

Congressman Lucien N. Ned-zi (D.. Mich.) along with others has introduced a bill repealing the auto tax. He told me that he is not sure how effective such action would be but that

when we are faced with lethargic eeonomic growtii, experimentation la essential.

Repreaentative J(*n Lesinskl (D.. Mich.) haa Introduced R. R. 879 which would eliminate all excise taxes, except those for special purposea, such as highways and wildlife conservar tion.

Representatives Handd H. Ryan (D., Mich.) and Charles E. Chamberlain (R.. Mich.) have also taken strong stands favoring the end of the tax. Lets excise the excise tax. Mr. Chamberlsln wrote. ASSOCIA'nON OPPOSE LEVY

The Automobile Manufacturers Association, as noted here yesterday, have come out strongly against the tax. The manufacturers pay the tax, but get it back from tbeir disfiibu-tors.

The Natlooal AutomoMle Dealers Assodation, Whkb passes the tax on to auto buyers. is also vigOTOUsly opposed to the levy. S. E. Kossman, chairman of the NADA governmental relations committee, tdd Congress last year that the tax is discrinnatory; that It woiks a special hardship on lofrer-in-

come groups; that the auto is already over-taxed, and that the tax cuts sales and employment. That continues to be the NADA position.

The American Automobile Association, whose members have no one to pass (m the taxes to, has consistently urged re-pc^ (the tax. George F. Kach-lein Jr.. of Seattle. AAA president, declared it is a glaring example (tf the ineciulties in the Federal tax structure. . . Never in the whole history of the tax has there been any effort to jurttfy It on the basis of equity. It was bom in expediency imd has been continued in eibediency. PROSPECTS IN DOUBT

And because of that principle of expediency, there is only a slim chance that anything will be done this year. Congressman Wilbur D. Mills, chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, plans to limit tax reform hearings to the Presidents proposals. The Senate is no less eager to get far afield in tax matters.

However, both Representatives and Senators from the automotive states are interested.

Almost every state In the unicn makes parts, tires or accessories for the auto industry. A coalition between the Republicans and the Democratic C(gress-men from the industrial cities could be strong enough to force action.

Readers feeling str(gly either way about the aubjemt should, of course, write their Representatives and their Senators.

AVERT A RECESSION? INCREASE ADfVERTISlNG!

A dramatic and ingenious way to avert a recessioif and to send the Oconomy to record heights was proposed last night by J. Warren McClure, publisher of the Burlington (Vt.) Free Preea, speaking to salet and marketing executives in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

He pn^oeed the government grant business a tax credit of $1 for every additional,, dollar the advertiser ment in a 12^'" month period above his previous years total. A $3 bfflkm Incrsaas In advertising, be said, could do more ft* the economy than $10 bilUon tax out or deflolt spending.