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^..esday, March 26, 1963

Whats Thi^r About One Person, One Vote?

os Of Automation Cannot JVin

Automation itself has become a major industry. While at the moment it is eliminating more jobs in other indnstries tha^if it is creating in its own, that situation may not continue indefinitely. Automation is being used as a new tool for coping with some of the problems it creates, as in the case of New Yo city which will soon begin using teaching machines to retrain persons whose jobs have been lost or.are threatened by automation.

The adjustments will be far from easy, but they must be madje if the nation and its economy are to continue to move forward.

Quota Systein Imposes A Handicap On All

Officially or unofficially there should be no quota of arrests Tor ny mmbF of th^ S Highway Patrol or any other law enforcement organization. Such a system would be unfair to law enforcement officers and it would be unfair to the public.

the advent of^mass production in industry. Indeed. Motor Vehicles Commissioner Ed Scheldt has

it islnot altogether unlike some problems that were vigorously denied an accusation that North Caro-

Automation already has become an integral part of American business and industry. It is destined to play an even larger role in the nations economy in the future.

The advancement of automation may be dla ved here and there as developments progress, but already it is being felt directly or indirectly in practically every business, large or small, in the nation. Those fighting against greater use.tf machines and automated equipment are at best waging a delaying action that sooner or later will be lost.

Unfortunately there is no easy adjustment for I he head of the house who finds his job eli^i^aTed brvTrtcmTation. "There rs^o easy adjnstmem ifor the nation which find.^his situation repeated literally^ thousands ofotimes each year as automation steadily* advances. But in the final .analysis the individual and the nation must readjust to the new <;ituati'^-n or waTch' its"trnstness^ aTid tndustriat method? left

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far behind by those who adapt to the new and more efficient operations.

The problem ,faced today is not unlike that faced by the nationand many individuals^with

faced decades ago as the industrial revolution advanced and machine power replaced manpower.

> i

Persuasive On ame-Chanae

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES

PERSUADE The Sanford udminlstration stepped in persuasively and effectively to assure a favorable House committee vote on changing the names of North Carolina State College and Womsins College.

There are those who may wonder why. The reason is that it was felt that other features of the Governors far-reaching Higher Education Program might be at stake.

It was the first occasion in this legislature for administration Influence to be exerted so strmgly on a connmittee action. The end result was what the-administration wanted.

It showed that Terry Sanford, a Governor without veto and In the sectxid and last legislative session of his term, can and will wield cwisiderable influence In pushing his program.

POLTTICS-Before the final vote In the big House Higher Education Committee, it had boUed down to administration versus State College and WC alumni.

And the administration had the advantage.

In three days, between Tuesday and Friday, it turned a possibly doubtful vote into a clearly dedstve victory and one with' no little amount of political meaning.

A task force of Sanford Lieutenants went to work after sudden adjournment of a stormy and Indecisive committee meeting on Tuesday. By the time Chairman Gordon Greenwood called the Friday meeting, the administration had the necessary votes locked up and everywie knw It.

The tumult in committee was over. The atmosphere was relaxed except for minor traffic over Parliamentary Procedure, and at times hilarious. Members Joked and laughed, mostly at themselves, knowing the tlng was settled so far as the committee was concerned.

Just to be sure, half a dozen Sanford aides were stationed strategically around the committee room and In the hall, keeping score.

Those who were there Included Sanfords legal aide.' Joel Fleishman, DlrecUw of Admln-istratlm Hugh Cannon, Secondary Roads Director Ben Roney, Assistant C & D Director Roy Wilder Jr. and Assistant Highway Chairman Roger Jack-6<xi Jr.

REASONS What persuaslai ' was d(me by various Sanford aides In the Tuesday-to-Friday Interval was deemed proper by namechange supporters.

After all, the Governor endorsed the recommendations of

the Carlyle Commission featuring the one University concept and this is now the Administrations goal.

It approved the University Trustees action in accepting a compromise on the State College name as North Carolina State, the University of North Carolina at Raleigh, but refused to compromise further.

Sanford thus could be expected to support the name change, and to use the influence of the Governors office to see that it was not sidetracked.

Another, more significant reason was the matter of the overall Higher Education Programs being threatened by an extended and bitter legislative impas- _ se.

NAMEIt was belitUed as relatively unimportant in itself, as largely emotional and sentimental, and many felt that the name-change controversy had been blown out of proportions, that it wasnt so important after all.

On this basis, a number of Committee members were on the fence about it wi Tuesday.

The Administration thought differently. It considers the name-change an integral part of the so-called Sanford-Frlday and Carlyte Commlsslon-Tnis-tees Programof sufficient importance in relation to the whole program and establishing of the one University concept to fight for.

CONCERNCommittee Chairman Greenwood reflected the concern over the name-change controversy sidetracking the whole omnibus Higher Education Bill.

He noted that it is a 47-page bill and were not even halfway down the first page. At this rate, he said well be here til Thanksgiving.

Greenwood said the whole state is looking at this Committee and I want us to get out of the newspapers, at least off the front page. . .and get on with the bill. He served notice that he expected to get the name question settled then and there, and outlined a, strict order of business.

SHOWDOWNThe showdown came 40 minutes later on a voice vote for Rep. Sneed Highs motion to approve, tentatively, the entire Section I of the bill containing the name changes.

High, not wanting to shut off debate arbitrarily; finally submitted a qualified call for the previous question. This was challenged by Rep. Paul Story of Marion, but supported in a brief flare-up by Rep. I, C, Crawford of Asheville, who said lets vote on this. Everybody knows how hes going to vote.

ima s highway patrolmen are under a quota for the number of arrests they are supposed to make in any given period of time. Commissioner Scheldt has termed the charges "ridiculous, has asserted^ there is not a word of truth in it and has added that the worst thing a law enforcement agency can do is set up a quota for arrests.

We do not question the sincerity qf Commissioner Scheidt in denying the highway patrol ' operates under a quota for arrests by its patrolmen.

At the same time, there must have been some grounds for the Salisbury Po.st to report that five patrolmen in that area said that to get along with p . y VTN T'AVT OR. their superiors they must meet a minimum quota of AXiVilN X/lXi-<V^XV

one and one-fourth arrests a day. 7T ' * T

It is difficult to imagine patrolmen making such /A TO ^T 1 O ^

charges if it were not their impression that a minimum of a specified arrests were expected of them by their superiors.

Commissioner Scheidt has said firmly there is no quota system in the highway patrol. He has also said there should be no such system. If there is confusion about this matter at some levels within the highway patrol, it is the responsibilit^v of Commissioner Scheidt to see that the confusion is dissipated. If, on the other hand, there is the in-"cThatio oil the part of seme patrol officers to insist on a minimum number of arrests by men under their jurisdiction, Commissioner Scheidt should immediately straighten that out also.

Law enforcement officers operating under a quota system for arrestswhether the quota is official or unofficialare under a severe handicap. And so is the public they are supposed to serve.

Con^sing Anc, Contradictory

turn Home

Tim Jones, a Daily Reflector Line-o-type operator is 25 and his wife Is 23. They look even younger.

Tim and his wife, who have been married six and a half years, decided they would take a secOTid honeymoon for their vacation this year.

So they got out the maps and concluded that a trip to Florida would be ju.st the thing. The glorious vacation time finally arrived and last week Tim and his wifejust the two of them piled their luggage into the car and set off for Florida.

Well, it was a great trip, Tim allowed upon return, except for one thing. The couple are so young in appearance that people mistook them for newlyweds.

There was the lady motel operator in Georgia who smiled

at tlie Joneses as they register-edi and said with a sly wink.

You all must be newlyweds. Well, not exactly, Tim replied just as slyly. He pulled out his wallet and exhibited pictures of their four children who were spending the week back home with grandparents.

But a honeymoon after four children just isnt what it was six and a half years ago. Tim was back on the job a day early. I couldn't wait to see the baby, he explained.

. .And he got into an argument with this great big marine at the beach. The marine hauled off and took a swing at him. He just rolled with the punch and fell to the floor like he was knocked out. Then a couple of us picked him up and got out of there.

And there was the sweet young thing who caught her boy friend's eye wondering in the direction of a striking blonde.

Umph, she said. Looks like a planned blonde to me.

Heard among a group of college boys on the street.

The Da3y Reflector

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By JAMES MARLOW WASHINGTON (A?) - President Kennedys 10-man committee for examining foreign aid has handed him a confused and contradictory report.

It w'as clear on two main points and may be helpful on a third, if only because it urged the government to get tougher.

It said foreign aid will be necessary in some form for years and that it needs cutting. The committee also suggested the government demand far more self - help from those getting the aid.

Total American foreign aid since the wai is now almost $100 billion.

The reports great emphasis on economy is fresh ammunition for those in Congress, like Rep. Otto Passman, D-La., who have been chopping down foreign aid requests from presidents for years.

But the report looks badly orr ganized and poorly thought out. In one unsentimental and selfish spot it suggests a whats-in-it-for-me American attitude in giving aid.

The report put It this way: Whether a country ought to receive aid from the United States is a question of our enlightened self-interest.

But in other places the report says that, even if the conflict with communism were over. aid should continue because this country traditionally has been concerned with the plight of the unfortunate.

The report backed away from the basic question in urging the government to get tough on a country not doing enough to develop itself.

In such a case, if withdrawal of American aid meant a .country might fall to communism, should the aid be withdrawn? It did say if Indonesia is to get help it should put its house in order.

The report stresses the need fpj- military help to countries closest to the Communists and explains:

Several of them are carrying defense buf^ns far beyond their internal economic capaci

ty and, are providing more than two million armed men ready, for the most part, for any emergency

They add materially to free world strength so long as conventional military forces are required. It might be better to reduce the sources of our own defense budget rather than to dis-. continue the support which makes their contribution possible.

But in the next paragraph the report suggests several of these countries have forces larger than they need and urges they be cut. This whole section is a jumble.

The jumble may be due to the fact that the report never says what countries forces need reducing. This is because right at the start the committee indicated it would not single out individual countries by name.

The chairman, Gen, Lucius D. Clay, said he gave specific names to David Bell, director of the foreign aid program.

Yet, as the report went on, it contradicted itself by naming some names. In complaining that most American allies were not sharing enough of the foreign aid burden, it said France was doing the best in this, and suggested Italy, ' Canada, the United Kingdom. Germany and even France should do more, better.

It said this country should cut down help for Spain and Portugal on whose territories the United States has bases.

It has taken this country 300 years to get as prosperous as it is under the free enterprise system. Some backward countries may feel that they cant wait that long and prefer trying democratic socialism.

The report encouraged helping countries \^1th free enterprise and warned about aid to Socialist countries, that is. those establishing government-owned industrial and commercial enterprise. But in almost the next breath it plugged for continuing aid to India although India is trying to come abreast of the 20th century by a system of democratic socialism.

Other Editors Saying... Improving Tax System

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

The House Ways and Means Committee is considering President Kennedys proposals for tax reduction and revision of the tax laws. Much has already been said about the subject and more will be said before anything is done by Congress. Rep, Robert Hemphill of South Carolina has come up with what seems a simple, direct approach to a subject that has been twisted, distorted, mangled and blown up. Hemphill says that what this country needs is a tax cut, tax reform and a simple income tax form. Amen to that.

Tax reductions wth tax re-foiTtis are probably in order, so long as the administration agrees to limit spending to meet the reduction in revenue that is certain to come from reduced taxes. As 4or the tax forms themselves, many taxpayers feel they are too complicated and consequently represent an undue burden on the hidividual.

A major challenge to Congress is the challenge to do something about the difficulty of making a return. Complicated forms encourage mistakes. One goal In tax reform should be to simplify the filing of the returns to such an extent that a man with aij income of less than $5,000, in order to claim the benefits allowed him by certain deductions, would be able to accurately and honestly fill out the form without having to hire someone to do it for him.

A proposed restriction on charitable contributions, included in Kennedys plan, woid discourage working people from making worthwhile contributions to such organizations as churches, orphanages and church

schools. The purpose of the revisions requested by Kennedy is to help make up some (rf the loss expected from tax cuts.

Some members of Ctmgress feel the entire tax system should be thoroughly reviewed and overhauled. There are so many inequities in the present setup that need to be eliminated, so many loopholes through which the government is losing revenue. If the present setup was improved and tightened, the ad- . ministration could afford to reduce taxes, because the improvements in the systei would pay off substantially in added revenue not now being realized.

As for the tax cut itself, everyone agrees taxes are too high from local levels right through the federal government. The American today is probably the most heavily burdened taxpayer in the world. But most responsible Americans realize that tax cuts are ill-advised unless responsible government spending accompanies such cuts.

Kennedy insists spending should continue at a fast and high level: he - insists taxes should be cut. These two cannot be attained and at the same time expect to keep fiscal responsibility. The money must come from some where, and deficit spending isnt the answer. We already owe so much money it cant be paid back In five generations.

Behind the attraction of the Kennedy proposal for a tax cut Is the suspicion that it wont help boost the economy so much as it will.help boost the Presidents chances when he takes the campaign trail agi^ next year. Where the benefit of a tax cut will fall, then, no one doubts.

So the* Miss Greenville Beauty Pageant has riled Around again. Nine young ladies will compete for the title in Wright Auditorium at 7:30 Thursday night.

The winner here will go on to the Miss North Carolina Pageant. If she should win there she will go to Atlantic (Jity and the Miss America Pageant.

Reminds your columnist of 1958 when Betty Lane Evans won the local title and then the state pageant. This meant she represented North Carolina in the Miss America pageant. I was lucky enough to draw the job of journeying to Atlantic City and covering the occasion.

Sure wish wed have a winner this year. Id like to go back.

Opinions Brief

in

A keen observer of the civic scene has come lo the reasoned conclusion that rai.s-ing the compulsory school age and reducing the minimum age for work would close almost automatically that gap on which juvenile delinquency feeds heavily. He makes a powerful point there.High Point Enterprise.

Speaking of quartets over the years we have come to entertain a firm opinion that there are a great many more loud ones than there are good ones. Memphis Commercial Appeal.

That telephone line from the White House to the Kremlin may cause some interesting developments 'In international affairs if Caroline happens to get hold of it.De*fe Moines Register. .

U-

Everyone these days seems to want something from the

government; but. when It

comes to paying the fiddler, thats another story.Laurel (Miss.) Leader-Call.

pro-

and

Shorter work weeks duce more leisure time less goods and services. Less production means less available for consumption. Basically it Is as simple as that. The Morris (Minn.) Tribune.

J: uture

By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN

Copyright, 1963, King Feature Syndicate, Inc. -The United Me Workers Union,- after supporting a policy of automating the coal mines of Amrica - for some thirty years, is now reportedly turning against the Installation of new automatic equipment.

One reastMi is that anall mhies.-which can neither aifonj the newest wrinkles in machinery nor thehigh union wage scales extractd by John L. Lewis from the operators in many a dramatic bargaining session, have been going nonunion in their rates. One can sympathize with the newly unemployed union miners In small mountain communities who have seen their old livelihoods and their hard-won social gains go down the drain under pressure from the big automated mines. Nevertheless, it remains demonstrably true that if John L. Lewis, when he was active boss of the miners union. had not supported the big mine operators in their desire to automate, the miners as a whole would be far worse off than they now happen to be.

Everyone knows in a general wav that coal has been up against the stiffest sort of competition from other fuels In recent years. But how many people know the astounding figures? Once upon a time the locomotives of America bunied 130 million tois of coal a year; now with the prevalence oUthe oU-bumlng. diesel-drawn Uaiu. the railroads use only a scant three million tons of cal. Once upon a time the coal-buniing furnace was practically universal, consuming some 100 million twis of coal annually. Today the so-called space heating market requires only thirty mUlion tons. These arc horrifying drop-backs. The oil industry. of course. hAs benefited mightilyand. with the development of cheap atomic power, uraniiun mining stands to profit from coals further dlscomfi-ture. ^

Despite the conquest of the markets by oil. however, the coal industry has dwie remarkable job at living off its ovni diminished volume. In 1947 bituminous coal production stood at 630 million Urns a vear; today the annual figure is 420 milliim tons. The loss of some 200 million tons would have been fatal to practically everybody in the industry, the United Mine Workers included, if the operators, with the bles.*;-ing of John L. Lewis, had not turned to new automatic equipment. In 1958 Mr. Lewis of the mine union. George'H, Love the Consolidation Cbal Company, William L. Wearly of the Joy Manufacturing CompanjT Philip Sporn of the American' Electric Power Company, Waller Tuohy of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company. and a few other far-sighted men got together to form .something called the National Coal Policy Conference, This organization has been fighting the industrys battle as a whole, with a quite noticeable degcee of success.

In certain mountain pockets of eastern Kentucky and West Virginia coal Is still a sick Industry. But it can no longer be described as sick in the regions where thick coal veins permit the use of modern methods. And the future, suddenly, promises a grand resurgence. The National Coal Policy Conference, extrapolating its curves on the graphs of UHnor-row, says that the demand for electrical energy will increa.se by seven-fold In the next forty years. Even if nuclear power proves fully able to take care of our energy needs In spots that are far from easy access to coal or o, it takes a wUdly optimistic nuclear power mati to visualize atomic power accounting for more than twenty per cent of the energy needs of America in the year 2,000 A.D. And. since water power sites are limited, this means a much wider scope for coal. The National Cool PoUcy Conference says that for electric genera-tl(Ki alone in 2,000 A. D. the U. S. coal industry will have to provide fifty per cent more coal than is now being mined.

David TJllenthfll, the first head of the Atomic Energy Commission. Is a recent convert to coal optimism. In a speech at l>rlnceton, N. J., he spoke of the peaceful atom" as smnething just as good as coal for use hi some places, (Continued on Page i)

Auto Tax Cut Can Tee Off Boom

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS TWO GREAT MYSTERIES

Have we lived before? The Bible has nothing to say on this save the .statement of Jesus who when he was reminded that Elijah must come before the Messiah had declared that Elijah had already come in the person of John the Baptist. With the exception of this one statement, .the Bible is mute regarding the<> possibility of our having lived before.

,Personally, I have talked with people and some of them well educated and superior*In every way who believed they have lived before and can cite incidents which arc certainly ar-rc.sting. We believe Md we shalf live again. Is it not iTjst as rea-.sonable to hold that we have lived before? Christianity tends

to rebel against tls belief because it is one of the outstanding doctrines of Buddhism, but we must remember that some of the elements of our religion are found in religions which we would describe as pagan or even primitive.

Soraptlmes in dreams we have experinces which seem to indicate that we may in the dream be repeating experlencs of long ago. I was in that Italian city before. said a learned university piiofessor who had just returned from his first European trip. "I was In that castle centuries ago. declared a highly educated and cultured woman.

What doe.s it all mean? Life in Itself Ys myNtprloiw. When wc raise l.ssucs of this sort we en-rountcr mysteries too great for our little minds to encompass.

By ELMER ROESSNER

If a cut in taxes is necessary to prevent a new recession, and President Kennedy said it is, one of the quickest, neatest and'most stimulating tax cuts woulc be the immediate elimination of the Federal levy on autos and accessories.

Last year this tax drew more than $2 billion from autoists, a rise of 12 per cent over the year previous.

Because all'taxes at the manufacturers level are marked up as they are passed along to the consumer,, the tax took more than $2.5 billion from consumera. This markup is fair since taxes are as much a part of the cost of producing an auto as is the steel in the motor. INDIVIDUAL BITE BIG

A recent study by the Automobile Manufacturers Association shows that the tax averages $230 a car. When the markup is considered, this means that the average car buyer pays $300 more f(U the bus than lie would If there were no tax. And the buyer who fl-nance.s htb car over 36L months

pays including interest, more Through booms and reces-than $400 more. * sions since then, the auto tax

Thus, if the tax on cars were . has been holding down auto sal-

immediately repealed, the public would have $2.5 billion a year to spend for other things, or to put into savings accounts. And money in- savings accounts is loaned to increase construction, finance business and so on.

If the price of autos were lowered by $300 or even $230 a car, many'-more people would buy them, employment would perk up and there would be even less of a chance of a recession this year than there is now.

AFTER ALL, THE WAR IS OVER

0:.e of the bizarre things about the automotive tax is that the current rate was Imposed to .gain revenue and to discourage the purchase of autos during the Korean War.

Twenty years ago the tax ol 1.5 per cent was Increased > to 7 per ceht to raise money for World War U. and there were blamed few cars sold in those clays, too. Then during the Ko lean War. the rate was bo<gted to 10 per cent. ',

es. That was the way it was planned. It is true that sales have risen phenomenally, but the fact remains that they could have risen even more or that the public would have had more money for saving or spending for other things if it were not for the 10 per cent hobble, OTHER TAXES EASED

The fact that wartime taxes retard sales, as they were originally intended to do, and therefore slow down business at a time that it needs stimulati(xi, has been recognized by Cwi-gress. It has reduced the Federal excises on electric, gas and oil appliances; refrigerators; jewelry; cosmetics; and passenger rail, bus and cJrllne fares.

Releasing the auto Industry from the bonds of restrictive axatioi V ould not be special-to-terest legislation, taxes on two competitive transportation facilities, air and rail, have been ill-ready eased.

Furthermore, the auto Industry generates 10 per cent of the

natlcms gross naticmal product; it consumes more than 21 per cent of the countrys steel production; 62 per cent of all rubber, 11 per cent of aD aluminum. 47 per cent <rf all lead an(l 35 per cent of all zinc, according to the Auto Manufacturers.

If the end of the tax meant the sale of more autos. It would lead to the sale of more gasoline, yielding more taxes 'for Federal and state spending for more roads. This would create still more jobs.

The idea of an auto tax cut has far greater possibilities than snipping at the tax rate In other places. More on this Unnor-row.

ITALY FOUND BOOMINGEST OF COMMON MARKET COPN-TRIES

Italys output increased 6 per cent last year, \jfell ahead of the other five nations in the European Economic Community, Commerce Clearing House reports. Its gain was better than the 5.5 per cent gains in France and the United States.

* S