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Saturday, March 23, 1963

Nuclear Test Ban Need Stressed ^

/

What Happens To llie Golden Eess? SC^OO 3

The prospects of many nations developing independent nuclear potentials is nothing new. It has existed ever since the first atomic and nuclear weapons were produced in the United States.

It is unrealistic in this modern age to assume that what scientists of one nation are able to develop, scientists of other nations will not be able to accomplish sooner or later. It is completely realistic to suppose that at some future date nuclear energv will be harnessed for use in practically every nation in the world. Long before that time comes, it is likely that the availability, of atorhic and nuclear weapons will be general throughout the world.

By calling attention to he fact that many more nations are expected to develop nuclear potentials, President Kennedy has emphasized anew the need for a practical and workable test ban among the o xt<t i n g n u c 1 eiar' if~th existin g p o'\vers are

unable to agree on effective controls now, it decreases the probability that a larger number of nations will be able to agree on effective control of nuclear weapons in the future.

It is not enough merely to have voluntary test bans from time to time among the nuclear powers. It is not enough to have an unrealistic test ban agreement which does not adequately protect those nations which intend to abide by it. Protection will be provided by an agreement only if it contains sufficient safeguards, including a reasonable number of on-site inspections.

Although the United States is anxious to reach ' agreement with the Soviet Union concerning con-

Prepared For Any Problems

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES

RALEIOH Legislative note-book:

Rep. Gordcm Greenwood of Buncombe County is a man who likes to be prepared.

And with the Job he has in the General Assembly right now. he figures he has to be ready for anything.

Greenwood has the touchy task of presiding over the explosive committee wrangle about changing the name of North Carolina State College. A meeting o fthis House Higher Education committee this week turned into the stormiest committee meeting of the 1963 ses-aion thus far.

The chairman kept near perfect order, nevertheless, which everycme agreed was quite an accomplishment in the circumstances.

SHOWDOWN Now Greenwood has cOTSulted various ex- , perts on Parliamentary procedure in ordef to proceed correctly and keep things under control when the committee reconvenes next Tuesday.

This should be a showdown session, and Greenwood predicts that the committee will act one way or another on the name change at that time. ^ But the first order of business will not concern State College at all. The first item on the agenda will be an amendment by Rep. W. A. Forbes of Pitt to retain the identity of Womans College in Greensboro, calling it Womans University of the University of North Caro-Itaa.

The same issue of preserving Identity, of course, is involved in the State College name controversy.

PtMTbes amendment is given little chance of approval, and Is a secimdary issue at this point. He told the conunlttee that Womans College alumni groups feel strongly that the identity be preserved.

NAME After a committee vote on Forbes amendment, the question will revert to a sub-sUtute motion by Rep. Sneed ' High of Cumberland County to approve en toto Section I of the Higher Education bill pertaining to changing names of the Raleigh and Greensboro branches of the University.

This will bring on the fireworks. It is a motion which would place the House committee alongside the Senate High

er Education committee which already has approved the name changes, making State College North Carolina State, the University of North Carolina at Raleigh.

Highs substitute motion if approved, would end the controversy in the House committee and in effect kill the first motion made at the session this week by Rep. Robert Calder of New Hanover.

Calder was clamoring for the floor as soon as Greenwood called the committee to order and even before the roll was called. He proposed an amendment to name the Raleigh branch North Carolina State University of the University of North Carolina, contending that the taxpayers and the alurhni prefer this name and my folks back home say this Is what they want.

ARGUE Calders amendment and Highs substitute motion began the argument which rocked the crowded committee room, and later produced Forbes amendment, one by Rep. Clarence Leatherman of Lincoln to preserve the status quo on names. Rep. Roger Kisers second of Leathermans motion, the 25-17 defeat of the Leatherman motion CHI a standing vote, and finally Kisers dall for adjoum-ment.

Sandwiched between this drumfire of parliamentary maneuvering during a brief hours time were speeches by the principal sponsors, and pleas and arguments by such stalwarts as Rep. I. C. Crav^ord of Buncombe, Dr. Rachel DavLs of Kinston, Rep. Hardy Carroll of Greensboro and a fiery presentation in support of North Carolina State University by Rep. George. (Freshwater) Wood of Camden.

FUTURE Whatever happens in the House committee, the name - change controversy wont be ended there.

In whatever form the Higher Education bill comes from committee, sooner or later, opponents and proponents of name-changing are preparing for a hard fight on the floor.

Some of the hardest politicking of the 1963 session has been going on behind the scenes, conducted by both sides in the name-changing controversy.

Its far from being\finished, one legislator said. No matter what happens in the committee next week, it wont be the last of it.

trol of nuclear testing, it would be folly for the U.

S. to agr^ to an inadequate program merely for the sakl of having a test-ban agreement. An inadequate program potentially could be morf dangerous than no agreement at all. At present, at least, each nuclear power knows where it stands, that it must remain constantly on the alert for developments by the other. An inadequate' agreement could foster a false sense of security which may well be disastrous to one nation or to the world, f

Simplification Would Nor"Solve Problems

;More and more peoiJle are asserting the nation needs, in addition to a reduction in income tax rates, sweeping tax reform, a simple, easily understood tax law, and a simple form for reporting income and taxes to Uncle Sam.

But what a crisis the nation would face if Congress suddenly came up with such a program!

If the red tape of the present income tax structure were suddenly cut away, one of the nations major industries would be thrown into chaos. That industry, of course, is the onewhich of necessity has grown up around the complicated income tax structure of the federal government.

If there were a simple income tax law, a simple reporting form, and a simple way of computing individual and business income taxes, literally thousands of jobs in the Internal Revenue Service would no longer be needed. With simple forms rather than complicated f^ms to be checked and verified, the work load of the IRS would be reduced drastically.

Also, there would be a serious impact on the accounting industry of the country which today devotes a major portion of its* time to keeping individuals and business out of tax trouble with the federal government. In this private sector of the income tax industry, additional thousands of jobs would be eliminated because they would no longer be needed.

Aside from the unemployment which would result from a simple income tax law, think what would happen to income tax revenues paid by thqse_ government and private employes who would no longer have jobs? And what abotit iiicome taxes from firms whose income comes from niaking income tax return for other businesses and individuals?

A simple income tax law and a simple reporting form?

We may have reached the point where the nation economically couldnt afford the consequences.

HckMudit araiiieit% Iq*.

By JOHN ABNEY

(Fortes Started It AI.

Kennedy Kept Out Of Fights

MEXICO CITY The first traffic jam occurred here in 1519 when Mr. Herman Cortes and a group of Spaniards galloped into town aboard some new-fangled vehicles known as horses.

Until that time nothing more dangerous than pedestrians had lieeh permitted to inm me str^^ of old Tenochtitlan. Emperor Moctezuma and his Aztecs were accustomed to crossing intersections without bothering to look up from the morning newspaper.

After a while people became a little edgy about- the whole thing, what with having to dodge somebodys stallirai every time they stepped off a curb, and Mr. Cortes and his crowd got a terrible reputation for reckless driv-

Ing. ^ ,

When the Aztecs got Ured of being run over by the cavalry they organized a committee to Invite the Spaniards to leave. The Spaniards declined, however, and went on minding their own business which was sending gold and silver back to SpKin and Aztecs to their reward.

You people are short-sighted and cant visualize the improving this real estate needs.Mr. Cortes advised the Aztecs. ''What we have to do now te tear up the towTi and make wider streets. Otherwise yu will have a nasty problem in a few centuries when they put the Pan American Highway through and traffic gets really heavy. Also, we might as well

Other Editors Saying... A Policy For Growth

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WASHINGTON (AP) It snowed in the Washington area , in the morning. Then it was cool all day. Prfesident Kennedy let it stay that way.

For two years Kennedy, like President Eisenhower before him, has been using a kind of verbal fire extinguisher to keep the heat down.

This doesnt make for lively news conferences but it helps the President avoid fights.

At his news conference Thursday night Kennedy didnt irritate anyone except perhaps Fidel Castro.

Much of the conference was based on hope, a word that ran all through it.

Kennedy said he hoped more Russians would leave Cuba; that he could visit Berlin when he visits West Germany; that the New York newspaper strike will end soon, and that a NATO nuclear force can be established in Europe.'

The President declined an excellent chance to get embroiled with his old friends in Congress when asked how he felt about the Senate investigating of the TFX flight plane contract.

This contract, with the approval of Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara, went to the General Dynamics C o f p. instead of the low bidder, Boeing Co. in Seattle Wash. About $6.5 billion are involved.

McNamara was asked how come by a committee headed by Sen. John McClellan, D-Ark. McNamara said it saved the government money. This didnt satisfy the committee. It went on digging.

McNamara said this was undermining morale in the Pentagon. And Thursday Sen, Stuart Symington, D-Mo., not only agreed with him but backed him.

Kennedy was completely nonincendiary. He said he thought McNamara was a fine secretai*y and had done the right thing. He also" said the investigation was not only all right but would

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find McNamara was, too.

In Korea the military rulers, to the displeasure of Kore^s who want elections and civilian rule, indicated a desire to stay in charge another four years.

This is a sore subject, particularly since Koreans remember the United States supported the dictatorship of President Synghman Rhee before he was tossed out.

Kennedy was asked his views on the situation now. He said conditions there now are "in flux and he doubted anything I would say on it would be helpful, at least this week.

If this disappointed the Korean civilians at least Kennedy didnt back the army officers, either.

Last Dec. 29 Kennedy went to Miami to address members of the Cuban brigade ransomed frorii Castros prisons where they had lain since their futile Bay of Pigs invasion In 1961.

WhUe making no provisions of U. S. armed invasion of Cuba, the President urged a wildly cheering crowd of refugees to prepare for the day of freedom.

. He didn't say how to prepare. And he didnt say how the freedom was to be achieved. Nor has any other government official since then explained it.

And this week two things happened which did not add to enlightenment on the problem of how to get rid of Castro:

1. The State Department said the refugees couldnt use American bases for hit-and-run raids on Castros domain.

2. Kennedy and six Latin-American presidents, meeting in Costa Rica, issued a statement which said they had no doubt Cuba would be freed from communism.

Since this statement didnt say how. either, Kennedy was asked Thursday what it meant.

He said I think the strong conviction is that the people of Latin America want to be free. Thursdays was not one of the most exciting news conferences in recent yeare.

(Christian Science Monitor)

It has been said that if all the economists in the world were laid end to end they would disagree. Yet probably many of them, and riiore than a few businesmen, would agree that there was unusual significance in the address given recently by Per Jacobsson, managing director of the International Monetary Fund, before the American Bankers Association in Washingto.

Earlier in New York this distinguished Swedish ec(Miomist had agreed with John Maynard Keynes that in certain circumstances of sluggish business a goverment budget deficit may help by strengthening the demand for goods and services. But he added before both audiences that Keynes had insisted that in times of marked unemployment money wages would have to be kept stable for m-employment to be reduced.

Mr. Jacobsson Is using the phrase stable wages almost in the sense of a wage freeze. This does not necessarily mean preventing an increase of real wages, or wages in terms of purchasing power, since the worker may get more for the same money through moderately lower prices or Improved quality. Neither does it necessarily mean a loss of potential earnings but possibly an opportunity to earn more through fuller employment.

Business Week finds that although hourly earnings in American manufacturing have risen steadily year by year, the rate of climb has been more gradual since the mid-50s. From as high as 8 or 9 percent at the end of the 40s it has declined to about 3 percent annually the last four or five years.

This means that wage increases. in spite of government guidelines, still are running about even with or barely above

the average annual gains in labor productivity. A.s Walter Lipp- mann interprets the Jacobsscm thesis, it is that for substantial reduction in unemployment the rise in money wage rates should be kept consistent with or below the rise in productivity.

If labor* Insists on taking the whole gain in productivity, then there is nothing left with which to pay a return on the capital that contributes better equipment nor is there any benefit for the consumer. If capital then is to be attracted, industry must continue to raise its prices, which puts goods and services out of some peoples reach.

The Kennedy administration has concluded that a cut iiv income taxes is necessary in order to leave in consumers and investors hands enough m(Hi-ey to foster a desired rate of national economic growth. That is good so far as it goes. But Mr. Jacobsson is sounding an economists warning that such a cut, by itself, Is not enough.

If the tax cut merely stimulated industry to turn out goods for which there were not enough buyers, the story of agricultural surpluses would be repeated. But if the administration will exert pressure to further slow down the wage spiral, this could put into circulation through more reasonable pricesa, much greater volume of buying power in addition to the proposed tax cuts.

This is not the most popular course; but it is the corollary of the more comfortable Keynesian precept abcHit budget deficits. If labor is genuinely and intelligently concerned about unemployment, the point should be taken to heart. For the analogy of the closed hand which can neither give nor receiveis as applicable to the little man as to the big.

change the name from Tenochtitlan to Mexico City which is easier for us to handle.

The Aztecs offered , such striKig objection to this plan that it took the Spaniards several years of astute political nia-neuvering plus a moderate . amount genocide to get their point across and the loot out.

In the end, civilization and progress won.

And if Cortes were around today he would regret having introduced such a thing 0 as traffic. The present ruling class of the thorougWares maintains maintains power with an assortment <rf lethal weapOTs kno^Ti as automobiles, buses and trucks.

The man on foot is dedicated to'avolding them because unless he is alert and nimble, he could ndss dinner any night.

Prom the quiet village where the Aztecs strummed native banjos, sacrificed undesirable persiMis and organized fiestas and wars, Mexico City has grown into a pie-sectiaied metropolis of tree-lined avenues with towering, modem buildings. A city of more than five million inhabitants, most of whom are either driving vehicles or dodging them.

The city bus pilots get paid by the number of trips they make each day. More trips mean more money and this incentive tends to stimulate racing through the streets. Cab jockeys drop one fare and blast off to pick up another in the race for the buck.

And the private driver, motivated by an instinct of self-preservation. turns in an Inspired performance to stay ahead of the avalanche. The pedestrian does the best he can and hopes.

Everybody has become such an expert in his particular field that you seldom see accidents although touristis are often startled by the breath-taking calculations.

A few years back, the Traffic Department realized their cops were not properly synchronized to keep traffic moving slowly and steadily. The department removed the gendarmes from busy intersections and Installed lights. Then the auto manufacturers decided to build bigger and faster cars.

As a result, traffic only bunched up and a green light starts the race. The fellow with the loudest horn is a 2-1 favorite at all intersections, which is well worth remembering.

Now if he gives his hom a mighty blast, just evaporate because the man who hits his claxon in this town Is serving notice that he Intends continuing on his way. And you had better get out <rf it.

3e Free

By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN

Copyright. 1963, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

Admiral H, G. Rlckover.jtho

fafher of the atomic subm^e who has many coostru^ve ideas conceniing the po^hle Improvemeat of educatitmal system, has recently suggested tljat Cocgi^ create a Natltmal Standards Com-

to .S a.

al watchtower from whh* the

behavior of our

be kept under ccmtlnuous scru-

with all deference to the Admirals fears that local iper-vlsion of education results in the waste of school curric^ lum time on fudge ^ ,

ton- twirling, telephone eU-quette, fish catching and other such trivia, I view the notion of a centralized al standards committee wltn considerable apprehension. For there is no reason to supi^ that a poUUcally created National Standards Commltt^ would not be dominated by the very people whom Rickover spends his energies attacking. .

Political agencies are peculiarly susceptible to majority pressures. And If the majority of our school systems wanted to go In for more fudge making, baton twirling, telephone etiquette and what-not, they would surely succeed in putting their representatives on a Na-. tlonal Standards Committee.'

The great virtue of keeping the control of education entirely in local hands is that it lets Intelligent minorities go on experimenting. Thus, when the rage for the passive life adjustment cult was at its height, certain local school boards insisted that teachers had better be concerned with inculcating in their students a habit valorous self-trust. Now that the life adjustment cult Is being exposed as a sure means of creating a spineless and self- -Indulgent generation of adolescents, we can thank our lucky stars that there was no super-agency in Washington to put Its authority behind a flaccid and wUl-dastroylng pedagogic philosophy. We might never have sundved the super-agencys ministrations.

The danger of a single official standard-creating body becomes manifest wba we consider It in relation to the growing demand for economics courses In the high schools. Since Keynesian econwnlcs Is now riding high in p<alar poll^ cal estfeem, the pressure would be for ^courses using Keynesian spend-ourselve^to-proeg)er-

Ity textbooks. Just about a year ^ ago the Committee for Economic Development and the American Economic Association cn-blned to produce a series of recommendations for ^minimal ec(Hiomlcs program for high school students. The man in charge of the CED t^ force was a well-known Keynesian, Professor George Le-land Bach. Presumably peo-pie like Dr. Bach would be the ones chosen to do the thinking for a Natlottal Standards Committee on eccmomic education.

Now, 1 realize that the late Lord Keynes was a fecund originator in economic theory. Any economics cour^ that is worth its salt must consider Keynesian ideas, both on their own merits and In relati(Mi to economists who oPPOse them. But in recent years the opposition to Keynes has been pretty thoroughly plowed under by our various educational hierarchies. If it had not been for the loose and decentralized structure of American education. the opposition to Keynes might have been completely stamped out.

It so happened tiiat fiie university of Chicago, to pick cos example, never succumbed to the sway of the Keynesian doctrine. Professors like Frederitr Hayek, Milton Friedman and Aaron Director kept the flag of an older and more fidf-relisnt economic doctrine flying. Now, as it turns out, the Chloego school is coming back into favor among many younger aca* demlcians. Conceivably a national standard in economics teaching would give some recognition to the Chicago school* theories. But we would have no assurance that such would be the case. Politicians are ., the first beneficiaries of 13ax-spend and Inflate coonomloe-and what would be the fate of a minority which dared to <> pose them on a politically chos-(Contlnued on page 6)

Odd V6W Of Public Awareness

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGIJVSS

NEVER A BETTER TIME

Many years ago Robert Louis Stevenson wrote these words; You cannot run away from a weakness; you must some time fight it out' or perish; and if that be so, then why not now, and where you stand?

There are a certain numbr of issues which make up the lives of everyone of us. We have to face these issues whether we want to do so or not. We may have bad tempers, ungovernable passions, and overwhelming desires for money to be gaied by ay means, good or bad. Often people find themselves because of their birth involved in a situation from which it seems hard for them ever to extricate themselves, There are fiomc people bom with such defective capacities that society has to take caiT of them. Others limp through life because of some

handicap. The great George Washington was plagued with iU health throughout the whole of his life, and this in spite of the fact he was a man of ov-erwhelmmg muscular power.

Milton was bUnd, and it Ls believed that Homer, the great Greek poet, was blind also. Dostoevski was an epileptic. Francis Bacon, one of the greatest men that ever lived, was a grafter and a thief, whose fines when the law caught up with him amounted almost to one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. He established the pattern of modem scientific research but he just couldnt keep his hands, off other peoples money.

Remember Stevensons words: You must some time fight it out or perish; and if that be so, then why not now, and where you stand?

By ELMER ROESSNER The public may be confu.sed between the trade names "Mr. Bourbon and Miss Kentucky Bourbon whiskies, but it will recognize the difference between Pro Gro fertilizer and Flo-Gro fertilizer, the Patent Office has decided, according to the 1962 report of the United States Trademark Association.

The Patent Offices winnowing of marks in conflict from others provides an interesting study in judicial analysis; the fine distinctions ought to keep a Viennese psychoanalyst busy for years.

In these trademarks, the Patent Office found, there > is a conflict:

Glenlogle and Glenugie scotch whiskies: Swagger hosiery and Swagger outer shirts; International Set and Miss Interoatlon-, al womens swim suits; Prince Ivan bodka and Ivan vodka; Gayley & Lord txtile fabrics and Gaylord womens shirts, skirts, etc.; Roma spaghetti.

etc.. and Roma vegetable oil.

Also, everready batteries and Ever-Ready lawnmowers; Glen-more and Glenford suits; Cherry Star and canned sea food and Cherristar dried rice; Cora-Ca-bin and Kom-Krib popped com, and 50-50 soft^ drinks and 50-50 candy.

In some cases, it would seem, the Patent Office Ls preventmg even the sharpest buyers from being ciMifused. In other cases, it appears to have a low view of the pubUcs Intelligence.

NO CONFUSI^ SEEN

On the other .hand, the Patent Office did not think buyers would be befuddled by these similarities;

Old Smoke House Brand meat prcxlucts and The Old Smoke House smoked meat products: Automate vending machines and Automagic household washers and dryers; Havana Club rum and Havana Club canned fruit; Lubri - Derm medicinal skin lotion and Llpi-Dem bath oil: 2^nith bicarbonate of soda

and detergent and Zenith antifreeze; Cascade whiskey and Cascade baking mix; Coco-Cola. and Cup-O-Cola, a soft drink concentrate; Golden Fleece and Golden Star facial tissues and Golden Toucbffacial tissues.

Also Vim and Vie detergents; Living Curl hair spray and Living Color hair colorant, and Treet luncheon food and Pet-reet cat and dog foods. OTHERS OKAYED

The associatl(Mi noted that the Patent Office also approved reg-istraticm of words which were objected to as descriptive terms, including Custom Maid for brassieres; Auto Spray for an auto paint; All - Purpose for aluminum roofing and siding; Hula Hoop for the game, apd Personally Yours for belts.

In all. 25,130 trademarks were filed in 1962 and 17.024 registrations were issued for new marks, a new record. This increase reflects the great rise in the number of new products.

The U. S. government prohib

its the registration of geneslo terais as trade marks, butaoiiis foreign countries allow It. the association filed protests on ,85 generic words and received JTo-ports that 136 applications generic words had been reJajfctr ed. *

SHORT & SIGNIFICANT BUSINESS NEWS ITEMS Japan, seeing no future In bKT^ ter deals by Russia, will be f^tt> ed to sell to Western natUBS, Increasing the danger of duQp;>-Ing. Eliot Janeway, ecooooaists, declared in a talk at the University of Brideport. . .Ravell, Inc., expects 5(X),000 entrle^'ln its c(test ior the best soile model autos customized by een-testants. . . .Total retail sljes in February were $17 bOttcKi, compared with $16 bUUoo.>,ln February, 1962, according to4be Department of Conun^ce. S The cold snap in Europe ^iis year is believed to have seriously cut the grape crop, thereby indicating higher wine prlcet.

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