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Friday, February 1, 1963

Hope Glimmers In Farm Program

Although the Presidents farm proposals are alleviate specific problems of many farming groups disappointly ambiguous and reflect almost a de- within the overall agricultural econohiy. featist attitude, we see in them a glimmer of hope Disappointing as they are in many respects, that heretofore has been missing in proposed legis- the new farin proposals outlined by the adminis-lation dealing with agriculture. tration suggest a departure from the old farming

We get the impression that the administration is farming attitude. They give more recognition is, beginning to realize that farm.^legislation, like to the idea of specific solutiotts for specific farm commercial or industrial legislation, must be tailored problems rather than feeding one medicine to all

to meet the particular needs of the particular farming groups.

commodities involved. We see no panacea for the nations agricul-

Problems facing the tobacco farmer, for ex- tural problems in the proposals presented Congress ample, differ from those facing the cotton, wheat by the administration, but there at least^appears or small grain farmer. Legislation which would help to be a better understanding of what approach

overcome some of the problems of each such agri- might be used to alleviate some of the more acute

cultural groups must be tailored to meet specific problems.

needs of each group. -If Congress can begin to grasp a similar under-

Neither the administration nor Congress ex- standing of how the problems may best be pectsMegislation tailored to help the^textile manufacturing industry to be applied to the steel manufacturing industry and be of benefit to this latter group. They recognize that problems in the transportation industry differ widely between airlines, trucking and railroads.

Yet there" persists in Washington the illusion that farming is farming and problems are the same regardless of commodities produced. Laboring under such an illusion, there has follow^ed inadequate, catchrall legislation which has done little to

SmileYoure On Guidid Camera!

education Anc. Aoads Get Mos

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES BUDGET While officials are putting finishing touches on record 1963-65 budget requests It is Interesting to note that North Carolina presently spends 82 cents of each tax dollar for chools and roads.

The breakdown Is 52 cents for education and 30 cents for atreets and highways.

These two categories, schools and roads, will continue to claim a lions share of the state budget. Even more money has been requested education and highway needs and chances are good that many of the requested Increases ^111 be met.

There are other budget increases up and down the line for various (Aher state services and operations, all of which must oome from the remaining 18 cents of each budgeted tax dollar.

It Is almost certain then that the proposed biennial budget to be made public in less than two ym bfe A new record In total amount, exceeding the $1.5 billion for 1961-63.

The ratio of dollar expenditure likely will remain about the same as In the past. The budget-balancing problem, without additional taxes, then becomes one of more dollars.

DERIVEIt is interesting to note too that appropriations for such major items as schools end highways follow closely the revenue derived from particular sources.

For example, practically all of the states Income from income and sales taxes goes for schools.

Education appropriations for the current biennium amounted to approximately 52 percent of the budget. And an analysis shows that the state derives 28 percent of its income from personal and corporate income taxes and 25 percent from sales taxes.

All of the additional revenue from extensions of the sales tax voted in 1961 went for increased expenditures in education.

For highways, a separate budget is set up. Gasoline taxes and vehicular license taxes go into the highway fund, and highway construction and maintenance is paid for out of this fund.

The state collected 21 percent of its total revenue from gasoline taxes and seven percent from vehicular license taxes, leaving a deficit of about two percent in highway fund expenditures to be derived from other sources.

DOLLARSThe prime factor

which leads the state's budget planners to count on more tax dollars for increased appro-priatimis in 1963-65 without new taxes is the states expanding economy.

This is a more important factor than the forecast that the state will end the biennium with a healthy surplus of about $100 million. Actually, the expanding economy on the present tax base is the reason for the surplus.

Governor Sanford and other administration leaders are cheered by this. Sanford has said the state is enjoying unprecedented prosperity w^hich will enable the 1963 legislature perhaps for the first time in history, to enact bold new programs without feeling a tight budget pinch.

SPENDThe governor may spell out these pn^rarrTs more specifically in his budget message to the General Assembly.

It is traditional that recommended appropriations are kept a elosely guarded secret until the budget documents are submitted to the legislature. There are, however, numerous advance indications of at least a general nature as to what these will be.

Administration insiders say the governor is referring to capital improvement programs at various state institutions, some of which officials say are as much as four years behind. These items include construction of facilities at state-supported colleges and universities and mental hospitals which were to have been provided for in bond issues totaling $67 million which were defeated in November, 1961.

These items were included in the bond issues by the 1961 General Assembly because of the budget pinch in 1961. This was brought about by enactment of Sanfords quality education program and the necessity at that time to enact tax increases.

VIEWSAdministration views now are opposed to any major tax reduction, despite the surplus and rosy economic outlook. They feel this is the time to eliminate certain tax inequities, but that to continue a record of progress the states tax base must remain where it is.

These officials emphasize that despite the increased appropri-tions, the capital improvements programs and other enrichments provided for, a great number or requests have been turned down.

Not everybody will be satisfied by any means, one official said. '

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may

approached, some progress may be made.

Better Protection Despite Shortcomings

An objective ppraisal leads me to believe that in North Carolina we receive better protection at lower rates than is possible in any other manner.

Those words by Insurance Commissioner Edwin Lanier, with reference to the states compulsory auto liability insurance law, are bitter medicine for some citizens and for many insurance companies which operate in North Carolina. Most citizens of the state, however, are in agreement with the Insurance Commissioner.

In spite of its shortcomings and in spite of the constant campaign waged, against it, the compulsorj auto liability insurance law has afforded for Tar

Heels greater protection than they have ever had nOlV! cr'tIT TT?XT7

before. It has proved to be a sound and workable ^ ov^nLiiHaN^

program for the state and its citizens.

As Commissioner Lanier pointed out, there are some minor defects and inequities in the presen law, but these can be easily corrected by the 1963-legislature. The minor defects a"nd inequities which do exist under the compulsory insurance program

are not sufficient to warrant repeated demands

from some quarters that the legislation be repealed.

The General A.ssembly will give consideration to the compulsory insurance program during its

session which convenes next week. In considering might be devoted to restful con-

the matter, the legislators should seek ways of

j ^ 1 I 1,1^ j * A * D0r C&DI0 3rF0 Oit0ri SD0Tlt

strengthening the measure and improting the pro- ing out the homework bit,

tection it provides for North Carolinians, rather This may consist of listening

than ways of scrapping the program which has been an important asset to the people of the state.

s-bcnoo.. .. erm .-.a: .Over

It is something of a shock to realize were in the second half of the school term; and Im not sure just what my reactiwi should be.

Cheers or tears?

To begin with.

Early evening hours that

A Real Mess Western Snli

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) The Russians and Red Chinese werent getting along but after one look over the Berlin wall at whats happening in the West they can start dancing in the streets.

Its a mess.

Away back in the summei- of 1961 President Kennedy was anxious to work out some settlement with the Russians on Berlin. French President Charles de Gaulle disdained to take part. West Germany belittled American ideas and efforts.

By last May Kennedy was so burned up he told a news conference :

It isnt difficult to say you shouldnt do this or that, and at the same time some countries do not play as active a role as weve been willing to play in an attempt to work this out.

Just a few days before. Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara hail taken a swipe at this countrys TO allies for not meeting their agreements in providing forces for the alliance.

The United States had 400,-000 troops in West Germany, the British only 51,000, and De Gaulle, busy with a war in Algeria, had his troops there. NATO Is supposed to have 30 divisions, it has only 24.

De Gaulle was miffed at the United States anj^ay. Hes trying to make Prance a nuclear power and the United States wouldnt share its atomic knowhow with him.

The United States proniise4.to put five of its Polaris missile submarines into the NATO defense, but under American cwn-mand although under the technical control of NATO.

This country wasnt happy at the thought of its various NATO partners eventually all having nuclear forces of their own. So last November it suggested an integrated European nuclear force w'ithiii the NATO framework.

This would be a blow to De Gaulles ambitious for a strictly French nuclear striking force. Kennedy was still bothered by the NATO partners, failure to put their share of conventional forces, like troops, into NATO.

He said so in his televised in

terview in December. He said the six American divisions in NATO are the best equipped and they can fight tomorrow, which is not true of most of the other units.

Then, reviewing all this country has done over 15 years to help Western Europe with men. money and weapons, he said I think it is a fantastic story.

Americans felt the NATO forces were so understrength they would have trouble blunting even a moderate Soviet attack.

But it was also in December that Kennedy offered both the British and the French Polaris missiles. Theyd have to make their own nuclear warheads for them. The British bought the idea. Not the French.

De Gaulle said that would take some thinking.

Still up in they air was the idea of a multinational nuclear defense in Europe. Meanwhile, Britain wanted to get into the European Common Market with Prance, Italy, West Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.

Then De Gaulle let go: He wanted no part of the American idea of a multinational nuclear defense, he didnt want ttie Polaris missiles, and he didnt want Britain in the Common Market. In effect, what he said was: He wanted a Europe for the Europeans,

This also, in effect, said he CMisidered the British outsiders. It could even be taken to mean he wanted the United States to get its troops out of Europe although Prance couldnt even defend itself against Russian attack without U. S. help.

Kennedy in a news conference last week snapped at De Gaulle. And Wednesday British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan took a hard poke at him without mentioning him by name.

The Belgians, the Italians and the West Gemrnns were burned up at the frenchman. T h e French sat pat. Tlie ^United States put on the air that things would work out. The British didnt know what was going to happen.

And the rest of the pailners in NATO and the Common Market cant even guess whats next. De Gaulle acts like a man with a halo. He doesnt feel he has to ai'gue. He just states.

to the beginning reader in his classrown voice (loud enough to overcome incidental schoolroom noises and distance): or it may be an occasion for standing by with a menacing club, a coaxing voice and a clock, . .to coerce the subject into finishing his assignment by bedtime.

Parental problems grow king-size, on occasiwi, when called upon to interpret what a second grade workbook vrants a pupil to do.

Still, cme veteran tells me parents acquire some immunity to all this in the third grade-stage. You merely display all your ignorance instead of some.

The Little Miss (kindergarten-size) makes up her own hwne-work; which requires frequent consultation with anybody who can and will listen. (And youve GOT to listen!)

So maybe theres room for a muffled cheer; but on the other hand. . .

Come summer the Little Peo-pl will be cluttering up the house and neighborhood all day lOTig instead of just part of the day. And they will be restless, too.

At mealtime, I remember, the Missus used to .say Okay, call them in to wash up ; and to the logical question, she^ explain They were in the back yard just 37 seconds ago.

It might as well have been an hour ago.

Nor is it easy to search for two who in all likelihood have gone in opposite directions.

However, all evidence suggests these little things are non-fatal. We w'ill bear up.

Marshall Field compiled a concise guide for those who would lead more effective lives. He called them "Twelve Things To Remember.

In contemplating them, this writer found a measure of appreciation. . .and. for the price of The DaUy Reflector, will gladly share.

To quote:

1. The value of time.

2. The success of perserver-ance.

3. The pleasure of working.

4. The dignity of complicity.

5. The worth of character.

6. The power of kindness.

7. The Ifluiice of example.

8. The obligation of duty.

9. The wisdom of economy.

10. The virtue of patience.

11. The improvement of talent.

12. The joy of originating,

ODinions

A South Carolina newspaper recently recalled that years ago

Other Editors Saying... 'i^esults Of Project Impact

in

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

Project Impact, the highly-publicized campaign concentrated in a six-county area to improve the traffic safety record, has been completed and evaluated. The results are quite interesting, as borne out by Gov. Sanford in his report on the project.

No one claimed Project Impact would be a cure - all for highway problems. The results show it was not a cure-all. But according to the slide rule, 19 lives were saved during the six-month period Project Impact was In force, 183 people escaped injury and over $3.4 million was saved from economic loss.

It wasnt a howling success, then, in that too many lives were still lost wi highways in the Impact area. And state officials are not at all satisfied that Impact was the answer to solve the slaughter on the highways. If the project had been carried out on a statewide basis Instead of only six counties, there would have been 192 less fatalities. But we still would have had over 1,(XX) killed on the roads In North Carolina.

No one can deny the project did some good. Jt accomplished two objectives that were set for it. First, It 1^ saved lives, and second it demrastrated that official action supported by the citizenry can and does reduce accidents.

Project Impact was carried

out in Buncombe, Haywood, Guilford, Forsythe, Cumberland and Robeson counties, an area that had an unenviable death and accident rate. Accidents, fatalities, injuries and property damage were reduced in all of the counties except Guilford.

Project Impact emphasizes rather pointedly that we can never succeed in a program of highway safety unless the people want it. Guilford was the sole failure in Project Impact because, as Sanford indicated, there was only sptmse there and it was the one country where proper response was not received.

Project Impact also demonstrated that we have a problem of magnitude wWch will take bold acticxi if it is to be solved. Sanford plans to offer some highway safety legislation In the General Assembly. It would involve several fields, including court improvements which would give greater certainty of punishment where punishment is needed.

The conclusions from Project Impact in the areas of engineering, enforcement and education will continue to be drawn for months to come. But some general Ideas have already become clear. While Impact is not the total solution, it is a positive step, and positive steps are the only things that will save lives.

Many people approve of freedom of expression so long as it coincides with their owm thinking. But once the views expressed become contrary to their own. they find that freedom of the pre.ss is a burden far too hard and costly to bear. The Gallatin, North Missourian.

Between January 2, 1961

(When Kennedy took office 1 and June 30. ' 1962. federal civilian employment increased by a grand total of 143,618. This mean.s that in 17 months 25,068 more people were added to the federal payroll than the total number of voter.s who provided Kennedy with his vlctory in l6(J:^ Burlington (Vt.) Free Press.

In 1900 there was an average 12-inch difference between hip and waist measurements. Now the variance is 11^ inches, By the year 3,000 American women should average 5 feet 10 tall and about the sam from east to west.Hartford (Conn.) Courant.

For some time, now, conservationists have been worrying about' the threatened extinction of the bald eagle. In a sense, the decline of this mighty bird symbolizes what Is happening to many forms of wildlife. Various birds and beasts are hunted down and exterminated because they are predators. Yet. Man is the greatest predator of all. Carlsbad (N, M.) .Current-Argus. ~

Root In Mouth T rouble

By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN

Ccq?yright, 1963, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

Like the late Senator Robert Taft, Admiral Hyman G. Rick-over is so honest that even tact annoys Mm. The other day, speaking ou educati(m at a c<xi-vocatim of the Fund for the Republic in New York City, the Admiral really put his foot in his mouth. He attacked women members of the Parent Teachers AssociaUon en masse, saying that they're ah infernal nuisance, and ought to stay home and take care of their husbands.

No doubt the Admirals language was a little brutal, but the truth is that he is not the only critic who has been throwing barbs In recmt weeks at the PTA. Even some pixrfessors of education have bera getting into the act: For example. Dr. William C. Kvaraceus. who is currently on the faculty of Boston University, has sounded off against the PTA as a female middle-class Irrelevancy, or, worse, a nionthly intrusion. This idea that the PTA Is a matriarchy that is willing to discuss anything with the teachers except matters of importance Is widespread, and for all I know Admiral Rlckover and Dr. Kvaracens may have good In-formati(ui about the uselessness of some WA locals. But they are wrong when they discuss the PTA In a caitext that Invokes the war between the sexes. The trouble with most of the PTAs with which I have had any cwitact Is not that they have been feminized, but that they are founded on an overweening respect on the part of both their male and female members for the theorj that only accredited teachers organ-ization.s .such as the National Education Association have any right to talk about the school curriculum. Education, in PTA meetings, has been a virtually forbidden topic.

As a result of the theory that only teachers know enough about teaching to talk about techniques of imparting subject matter, the schools of the United States went overboaixl for a generation for so-called progressive education. Phonetio or "phonicd^l was ban-isfied from the courses devoted to reading Instruction in favor of the hit-or-miss method of whole word recognition that goes under the name of look-say. The official teacht>r-spon-.sorcd idea that the eye, not the oar or the tongue, is tlio key to reading proficiency w-ork-ed very well for eye-minded .students. But for the ear-oriented youngster, who can only learn about words by sounding out the separate syllables, it automatically meant reading delinquency.

To their eternal honor .some women in some PTAs had the courage to question the dogma that teacher always knows be.st when it comes to Imparting reading skills. And because of the.se courageous women, more and more school boards have been insisting that phonics must be restored to first and second grade courses in reading Instruction. Today the ear-minded boy or girl has a much better opportunity of learning how to read than has been the case for the past thirty years of dominance by eye-minded fanatics.

Where the PTA has proved a weak reed for those who have tried to provoke relevant discussion of teaching methoffe anj^ class subject, matter, there Tiave been rebellions. And both women and men have been equally prominent amcMig the dissident.s. In some towns there have been secessions from the national PTA in favor of autonomous PTOsor Parent Teachers Organizations. In Mlddle-bury, Conn., for example, local men and women organized a Parent Teachers Organization with the idea that the proportion of dues that had been going to a national body could find better utillzatlwi at home. The Middlebury Yathers Sid"TnDthr ers have found it quite profitable in their independent PTO to discuss both the content of education and the techniques of teaching. At last reports thev hadnt persuaded their school superintendent to abolish the course In hamburger-cooking that goes by the name of home economics, but at least they (Continued on Page 6)

Reloion Advice For Exporters

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS YES HOW INDEED?

We have speculated before as to whether or not other planets are populated and if so by what kind of beings.

We have, of course, no definite knowledge of this field. We can be sure, however, that if there ate beings on other planets they are considerably different from us. Probably they can reason, and the chances are that some of them reason much better than. we do. Some of them have probably had millions more years to think things over than has the human race.

As one reads the headlines of the daily paper he finds it impossible to believe that the chaos which exists among us ex

ists also on other planets throughout the universe. Here we are with a fair and beautiful earth, capable of feeding adequately all its inhabitants, yet there is hunger throughout the world and nations which should be cooperating to make life <mi the planet better are flying a$ each others throats and trying to contrive ways to exterminate each other and control governments.

This must be a delhiquent planet. It just can't be that the rest of the universe is a^ stupid as we appear to be In some respects. If we would Just settle down and get together with our fellow men the world over this planet would Ix; transformed indeed into a heavenly place.

How can we be so stupid?

By ELMER ROESSNER

American businessmen have long been bombarded with advice on how to sell foreigners. Dont, they have been told, imagine that every Swiss .speaks English; dont ioKget that a hearty slap on the back may create life-long enmity; dont assume all Swedes are named Ole.

Comes the switch; The Belgian Trade Review, with a tongue in cheek, in its current issue offers ten commandments for Belgian exporters seeking to sell In the United States;

1. Never hesitate to write your letters in French, t is an International language used by all serious businessmen for their correspondence,

2. Quote prices exclusively in Belgian francs and do not trouble to use American weights and measures. If your correspondent is really yiter-ested In your product, he will convert them for himself. TEACH EM TASTE

3. Dont care a hoot about the so-called American taste,

which is bad by definition and not up to your product, which is far superior. Youll even do the Americans a favor by teaching them a lesson In good taste.

4. Try to get the bettor of your client. Send him goods that dont correspond with the "samples. He wont notice the difference.

5. Even if you have accepted a date for delivery, there is no need to stick to it. Leave your client to simmer for a couple of months in the waiting room that wont hurt him.

6. Use the American market to get rid of all your junk. In any case, they wont know the difference in America,

7. Whfl you receive an order from an American impoiter, you cannot fill, dont bother to send a reply. Let him yell. He is sure to take the first step and come back.

BE ALOOF, BE MYSTERIOUS .Never go to the States to make personal contacts. Whats the use of them? After all, the Americans are baibarians who

can only hurt your refined cultural sensitivity.

9. Appoint an exclusive agent, but make sure you can cut the grass from under his feet. In this way you will keep his commission in your own pocketthe silly clot (sic) wont ever know.

10. Do exactly opposite of what your agent or the Belgian consul is advising you to do. The former is, in any case, only interested in getting rich

trial Conference Board that giv-hig shareholders a stable and steady return on their investment was of prime importance in shaping company dividend policy.

iContinuity of, payments, stability of rate, and size of dividends, in that order, are the basic consideration of dividend policies in most ctHnpanles surveyed. About 70 percent reported that a continuous recwd o payments is the most important

at your expense, while the lat- factor In maintaining Uie com-

ter, why, what does he know about doing business in the American market!

If Belgian exporters are Influenced by the not-so-gentle sarcasm of these Injunctions, perhaps trade between Belgium and the United States will increase. And those who arent will have the grass cut from under their feet!

STOCKHOLDERS STH.L RULE CORPORATIONS POLICIES

A majority of 230 American - manufacturing companies reported to the National Indus-

pany image, cloaely followed by the stability of rate per share.

Continuity of dividends, rather than the size of dedara-tions, are most inu)ortant, many companies declared.

Most of the companies surveyed do not declare stock dividends. largely because "they are unnecessary If a company has enough cash to ototribute to shareholders.

Conversely, the boards report said, the chief argunuint made against stock dividends is that they are unnecessary if a company has enough cash to distribute to ihareholdera"

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