f)^r.JDece|Bber 28, 1962

No Quick Or Easy Changes Likely

This Sale May Be Harder

',::?2SSSISfS^

Public s^timent overwhelmingly favors a tax reducton during the coming year if . . .

But with the if there ends the unamimity of opinion for a reduction in taxes, during the coming year.

Some favor a tax reduction IF there is a corresponding reduction in federal spending to avoid increasing the present rate of deficit financing.

Some favor a tax reduction IF it is in tie lower personal income brackets. Others favor a tax reduction IF it is on corporation taxes or in the higher personal income brackets.

Some favor an immediate tax reduction retroactive to January, 1963 without the necessity of any far-reaching tax reform. Others favor tax reductions only IF they come as a result of needed fundamental reforms in the present federal tax structure.

Some favor a one-shot tax cut during the coming jear. Others favor a tax reduction in the coming year only IF it is part of a long range program scheduled over a period of yearsto reduce the general tax burden.

It is evident there are almost as many ideas on how the matter of tax reduction should be approached as there are members of Congress. Regardless of what proposals the administration put forth to the next session of Congressand they are yet to be

.spelled out-they will meet with stiff opposition from members of Congress. It is not likely that thi administration will be able to come up with a single proposal or a series of proposals that will fully satisfy even a majority of the members of Congress; or for that matter a majority of the members of the key committees whose jr<A it will be to hammer out recommendations to gb to the floor of the House and Senate.

Ill spite of the fact that most citizens, and most members of Congress favor the idea of a tax reduction, there is a wide divergence of opinion on how *he mechanics of such a redpction should work. It will take more than a little effort to bridge the wide gap. Considerable compromise will be required to devise a program which will receive support of a majority of Congres.

Notwithstanding sentiment for a tax reduction, and adininistration effort to effect a reduction in the coming year. Congress may well adjourn next fall without having reached agreement on what kind of tax reductions are in the best interest of the country.

The complexity of the present tax structure, its bearing on federal spending and its effect upon the national economy does not lend itself readily to quick or easy changes.

Invited To AL ?uture Sessions

Bj WILLIAM A. SHIRES BOARD Presktents and dancriloTi cf both tax-cupport-ed and private butttuttois at Idgtier learning sat with the State Board ot Higher Educatlcn lor the first time at the boards Deoambo: meeting.

Thej wue there by hivitatiaci. and have been invited to aH future metings of the board. Tbey win be furnished with agenda and reports and., while act votiDg members, may partl-riPate in diacussions and present views and recommendatiais. TUa was done at tbe first meet-Idc and Uie discasstons were full and frank.

At times too tbe presidents expreaaed differing viewpoints and opinions whkh did not agree with those of members of the board.

HELPFDL Outwardly at least there was harmony, frankness and a general unity of purpose.

One of the number. Chancellor John T. Caldwell North Car-tkm, State College, said he felt he was speaking for all those attfTKltng by invitation in saying be feh tbe new ixrflcy would be Qsefnl and helpful fw the beads of the varkws Insfitutians.

What was not said, but something which must have bcn rec-ogniaed. was that this policy also should prove useful and helpful to the board not only in its misaion and purpoee, but perhaps even in making tbe board capalde and effective.

CRITICISM There has been criticism that the State Board of fflgher Education during the first five years its existente has been ineffectuaL Whether this is justified may be debated. There have been and are confacts and jealousies, and these are far from being re-eolved.

Each one of the blue-ribbon imembiege of educatOTs hivited to the meeting was aware, too. of tbe issue of reorganization of the State Board of Higher Ed-nration to include ccdlege and nnlveisity presidents as voting members. Tiiere is resolute opposition to this, beaded by MaJ. L. P. McLendon of Greensboro, tbe present chairman.

And reorganization of the Board of Kgber Education is an iasoe which might be seixed upon to toeak the board apart. There were many who felt that if the cdDege iesldents were ignored, even If they were left off as voting members, the dispute might possibly endanger the very existence of the board.

THREIAT There are indica-tos anyway that an attempt win be made in the 1963 General Aasembly to abolWi this POdrtl- This is not given much

chance oi success. >

The administration and much (tf the states iHiblic educational system is c(nmitted to tbe idea of .a State B(Lrd of Higher Education charged with charting and coordinating the growth of higher education in North Candna. This was the purpose in the establishing of tbe board by tbe 1957 legislature, but there are those who ^ it has failed and at least one legislator indicates i-i-vately he will seek to abolish it

A raging dispute over makeup and membership m tte board might be a big pohit in his favor.

ACTION One of the first actions by tire b(rd at this December meeting was a resolution endorsing tiie Carlyle Com-missians reconm^datiois on the Cons(didated University. It said It heartily agrees that the state can afford (xy one tax-supported university and in tbe prindide of consolidation.

The University, with multiple campuses, can and does give coherence, assurances of quality and optimum use of resources within our University that are envied by other states, it said. It applauded tbe University ad-ministratkn and trustees in efforts to extend the usefulness of N. C. State and W(Hnans College in creating on each of these campuses, as well as on the Chapel Hill campus, a true university eavirxximent to the end that there be created in our state one tax-sui^rted University that ranks with tbe best in the land.

EPFEX7T -- In effect, the Board of Higher Educathm was endorsing the University cap-rtone idea pi forth by the Carlyle Commission the Governors Commission on Education Beyond tije High School. Ben^tUi this one ^ate University with multiple campuses are tbe oth^ institutiofKother senior, four year colleges, junior colleges and community colleges, and the work of the Board of Higher Elducation deals as much with these other Institutions in propMtion as it does with the University and tiie University administration and trustees.

Fot example, the finance cwh-mittec headed by John P. Kennedy of Charlotte reported on fund requests for libraries, and suggerted some t3T)e of survey of libraries among tbe colleges and Universities to ascertain more definitely the needs. There was spirited discussion on the matter (f a policy for dormitory financing and in what direction this should go.

Ports Rivalry Can Be Harmful To The Cause

The running battle between Morehead City and Wilmington over the location of the principal office of the State Ports Authority has, in our opinion, done more to harm the cause of both ports and their development than any other one thing in recent years.

It is a battle that has gone on almost constantly since the state undertook development of deep-v,^ater port facilities in the two locations. The last big scrap over the issue came several years ago when the Ports Authority offices were moved to neutral ground in Raleigh in an effort to dispell charges of partiality toward development of one port over the other.

The battle has warmed up again in the past few weeks with the announcement that the offices will again, be moved and split between the cities of Morehead City and Wilmington.

Since the states two deep-water ports are pr.-mary economic factors in the life of both Wilmington and Morehead City, it is understandable that each is on guard to see that the other does not get more than a reasonable share of funds which the state pours into the development of its port facilities. At the same time, the cause of developing both ports would be bettey served throughout the state as a whole if there were more signs of mutual trust and cooperation between the two port cities.

If leaders of the two cities most closely connected with the development of the states ports give the appearance of lacking confidence in programs advanced for developing the ports, how can they exj^ct other citizens of the state to have confidence in those programs?

If citizens of the state lose confidence in the programs for port development, they will not continue to sanction the pouring of state funds into improving and expanding those facilities. Such a situation would be harmful not only to Morehead City and Wilmington, but to the state as a whole.

By DON SCHLIENZ

?ew Volunteers Arounc.

Time and again Ive excluded an awful lot of men served in the armed forces and remembered an early lessx: never volunteer for anything.

The presiding officer of a civilian-type club or organlzatix stands and announces some volunteers will be needed to perform a certain functix.

Everybody sits x their hands.

Aw come.on, now fellows, he says. Were all in this together. Ill even help. And to himself hes wxderlng why he

ever got involved.

Well,. maybe xe or two hesitatingly offer their servixs. But you can tell theyre acting against their tetter judgmxt cxpled with that old tradbing: never volpnteer. for anything.

The organlzatixal chairman sighs, and a pleading note enters his voix. . .who else can help X this job.,Itll take only a little of your time next week and the more of us that help the less well individually have to do.

Other Editors Saying... Break Tobacco Habit

The Marimba Out Of Africa

The DaOy Reflector

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By JOHN ABNEY MEXICO CITY Yx walk alxg the strxt here and come to a modest restaurant or bar and there is a group of gentlemen xmmiting music x a marimba.

So what do yx think? Probably something like well, well, well, Ixk at the strange wooden-xylxhxe these boys made and are playing in the middle of the sidewalk.

Just shows what happens when people dont read up properly X subjects.

In the first place, the marimba which Is considered typical of Mexix. came frxi Africa. And Mr. Luis Ochoa explains in a story about musical things how the original instrument looked.

Deep in darkest Africa many centuries ago,, the natives discovered they could get pleasant echos out of a long, dried gourd with a hole in the top. Then somebody found out that by hanging it under a slat of hard-wxd and belting the slat with a stick, they got a tone.

One thing led to an(^her and xe day an African gentleman said to a friend, Marmaduke, how come we dont build a crude xylophone type instrument and hang some gxrds of different sizes under the keys? We can pick up some change playing for dances.

The new music box became very fashionable and although the tunes came out pretty unsteady, it was considered haute monde.

Drums made out of hollow logs wxld be pounded and the music men would begin xerat-ing their xylophrae in a fashion that frightened all the panthers and buffalos for miles around. An African gentleman would say to his lady, Dear, they are playing our song. Shall w leap together?

After a while the slave traders came along and began loading up cargos of volunteers to come over and work for the Spaniards. And this kept up until abxt 150 years ago when all the slaves were set frx.

The former Africans had nothing to go home to so they began drifting from Central America up to Mexix and a good many fnUemlzed with the people cf Chiapas State and settled there.

So one dav an ex-slave said to wiother, Hey, Wellington, remember thxe odd instrumxts made out of gourds and stuff

our forebearers used to play In the Fatherland?

And Wellingtx shrugged and said. So?

Lets start manufacturing xme here, the first ex-slave said. We can make the keys out of red ebony and make long, acustlc boxes to hang under the - keys and call the whole thing a marimba.

Mr. Ochx says this was a tremxdous improvement over the old primitive instrument and-after a number of practice sessions, the Inhabitants got to where they could hammer out beautiful music.

The marimba then became Mexican and Chiapas was the Marimba cxter of the new-world. At the same time, some other ex-Africans in Guatemala got the same idea and Mr. Ochoa reports that the Marimba likewise became a typical Guatemalan instrument.

Anyhow, it has spread all over Mexico and Is the heavy section of orchestras around the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Veracruz and coastal regions of the xuntry.

Now it happens that some time back we were fl^g around Central America and at the Guatemala City airport they had a wonderful Marimba which was played by some gentlemen dressed in typical Guatemalan clothes and they were turning out typical Guatemalan music.

So we carried on a little cx-versatix with them abxt one thing and another and noticed the manner in which they spoke Spanish. And naturally, we tossed in some collxulal phrases and complemxted Guatemala and asked the musical gentlemen where they came from.

Mexico. said the leader. They imxrted us from Chiar pas to play this Marimba, which we also brought along with us.

Quote

Surveying the calendar for local and national events that might be of significance, we find that hundreds of organizations have days or weeks set aside for special observance. Yet, no matter how long and searchingly we looked, we could see nothing in the way of a salute to the American taxpayer. Not tx seriously. We protest the oversight." Coatesville (Pa.) Record.

(Tampa, Fla., Tribune)

THE CROP CONTROL experts in the U.S. Department of Agriculture long ago proved that they are no match for the ingenious American farmer.

They offer the farmer annual payments if he will take part of his land out of production. So the farmer consigns his least productive fields to the soil bank," uses part of his payments to buy fertilizer for his better land and turns out a far bigger crop than all hi's land normally would prXuce, for which the government pays him an artificially high price and then puts it in storage.

The experts tell the farmer that he must limit his production to so-many acres, promising him a profitable prix if he complies. So the farmer plants his rows closer together, socks on the fertilizer, and again produces, not for the open market, but for the U.S. surplus bins.

This kind of insanity has been going on for a long time at a tremendous annual cost. A (Congress more sensitive to the organized farm lobbies than to the unorganized taxpayers and consumer refuses to straighten out the mess, no matter which party is in power.

The only hope is that the manifold Idiocies of the program finally will arouse both the farmers and the city folk to demand a return to xm-mon sense.

hydrazide). Used in prescribed amounts, the chemical eliminates the nexsslty of removing suckers from the plant, a costly prxess of hand labor. The farmer has disxvered that heavy doses of the chemical also make his crop grow faster. But in doing so it changes tho chemical content of tbe plant, producing thick-leaved, harsh-tasting tobacco which when shredded packs unsatisfactorily in cigarettes.

This low-grade, chemically-treated tobacx is confronting a dwindling market. Seventeen per cent of the Souths croo found no market last yer. Foreign buyers who in the past have taken 40 per cent of the output are tapering off their purchases, buying better tobaccos in Canada and Rhodesia. Canadian growers have stopped using MH-30 to make their product more attractive.

This development apparently doesnt worry Southern tobacx growers. And why should it? They have an assured mar ketthe United States Government-willing to pay them a superior price for all the inferior tobacco they grow.

All that silence weighs a tx.

So the chairman gets iiritat-^ and his own military training breaks to the surfax.

"Okay, he snaps. I want you (he points), and yx (pointing again) and you (pointing) and everybody in those chairs at the back of the rxm to report here at 1800 hours next Thursday in working clothes.

'The gavel bangs, and tensions fade away like Ix cream at a smallfiy birthday party.

Its as sure as (3uistmas that every one of the volunteers who xssibly can will show up at the designated hxr.

Its also a near-xrtainty that if instead of the time-hxored call for voluntxrs, individuals were approached x the tesis of we nxd your help. It would have bxn forthxmlng.

But the number of fresh-faced volunteers in any crowd thex days is mighty, mighty small.

TOBACCO TOO, comes un-dej the governments price support program. The Department of Agriculture offers to buy all the producers tobacco at above market prices If he stays within his acreage quota. But the Souths tobacco farmer, like his Midwestern cousin, knows of the tricks. In recent years he has taken to placing his rows closer together and more plants to the row. Then he heaps on the fertilizer. In addition he has begun to using a chemical MH-30 (maletc

IT IS BAD enough that the government sponsors a system that makes it profitable to grow an inferior product. Even worse, its left hand appears not to know what Its right is doing.

On the one side U.S. health officials are attempting to discourage cigarette smoking, because of its possible damage to lungs and heart. On the other the price xpport program en-xurages and subsidizes tobacx growingand a poor grad of tobacco at that.

Surely price supports for tobacx cannot be justified on any grounds. At test tobacco is a luxury product. At worst it may be a dangerous one. If the next Congress dxs nothing else to rectify the inane farm program, it should break the tobacco habit and take the grower off the taxpayers back

When Geoi^e Sokolsky died Reflxtor editors were left with an important hole to be filled on this page.

We had columns dealing with state, national and business affairs; and the gap to be filled dealt with a nebulous strata of thought X the world and men and Issues.

There are a number of capable writers available, some of whom are well known and whose writings appear In state and national newspapers.

Preferably, we wanted one who was not so generally available. . .someone whose work fitted the Sokolsky pattern, and write columns for six days of the week.

That cut deep into the ranks of availables.

Then, while the debate was waxing In the editorial chambers, King Features Syndicate offered a variety of alternate samples together with a note that they were signing another writer whose work might be of interest.

We waited it out, and the first sample columns of John Chamberlain arriyed by Special Delivery.

The Chamberlain xlumn struck a responsive chord, and as you may have noticed, weve carried the early columns. This week The Reflector messaged King Syndicate wed accept Chamberlain on a trial basis.

Our new writer has a remarkable background. He is former editor of Life magazine and Fortune magazine, an assxlate professor of Columbia Schxl of Journalism and staff writer for The Wall Street Journal.

In a manner of speaking, were starting with a newcomer in the field of syndicated columns, and we expe<rt to xe hla work draw an increasing following.

We dont expect to agrx v^dth everything he writes; and its safe to assume he wont agree with everything we write.

in ine

Congo

By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN

Copyright. 1962, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

The worry about the Cxgo is that if the copper-rich provinx of Katanga can't be forced to pay the bills for the whole area, the pxrer sections will fall prey to Communist demagogues and infiltrators.

Well, as Presldxt Kexedy readies himself to send an eight-man military missix to the Congo to make an x-the-spot report of cxdltions, there may be xmethlng to the worry. Ev-X so. it sxms mxt ironical that xr State Department should choox this point to de-xrt the principle self-detei^ mination of nati(ms after following it religiouriy and evx identically for more than forty years.

In the Ninetxnth Century, the literals wanted to put the world together into bigger federated units, with due allowances being made for local rights and individual liberties. But after the 1919 peax of 'Versailles every > little EurcHjean language nay, every little dialxt got a nation of its own. The Austro-Hungarian Empire, which could have been federalized without infringing the local frx-doms of Czxhs, Slovaks and Hungarians, was carved into little sllxs, thus making It easy for Hitler to gobble it bit by bit. And whx Hitler was defeated, the Russians followed his example by picking off the Hungarians, the Poles and the Czechs detail by detail.

Undeterred by such a recOTd, the Western victors In World War n proceeded to re-enact the ;)rigiDal 1919 mistake x a global scale. With the blessing of the United States, Algeria was cut -off from metropolitan Franx and is now crying for foreign investment xpital to kxp from starving. In sub-Saharan Africa, xuntry after country was liberated, only to see the local poxlati(is turn and rend each other in barbaric fashion. The whole spectacle recalls a sxr comment made by General Tasker Bliss after World War I,

The submerged nations, Bliss said, are coming to tbe surface and as sxn as they appear they fly at xmebodys throat. They are like mosqul-txs, vicious from the moment of birth.

Despite the reqord of vlclxs-ness, xe can sympathize with the desire of submeired peoples for freedom. But it would have bxn the mark of cximon xnx to frx them as individuals within wider, federalized, geographical and ecxomlo cx-texts.

L(^cally, one might be expected to applaud the . S. decision to hold Katanga to participation in a larger Congo region. The trxble, however, Is that the U. S. itxlf has never shown any rxpect for the federal principle. Most UJI. memr ter natixs are centralized au-txracies that care little abxt the rights of minorities or In-dividual citizens within their own bord^. Molx Tshomte of Katanga was xx promised autonomous federal status in a wider Congo rexbUc.

But the xntarallzers In the Congo capital of LexoldvUls welshed x their original agree-. ment, and Tshomte has distrusted them ever sinx.

So it seems pxuliar, at best, that the United States, vlilch should understand from its own history that a federal rexblic dexnds for its vitality on states rights and Individual liberties, should chxx to dexrt the admittedly fallaclxs intematixal principle of self-determlnaUx of nations merely to supxrt a xn-tralized Cxgo autocracy. Why make Moise Tshomte the goat when his xuntry of Katanga can stand X its own fxt? It has copxr and cobalt to sell to the world. It has a highland climate in which pxple can be induxd to work, and it Is will; ing to get alxg with those whose skins are white. It respects the principle of private proxrty, which is basic to the support of individual rights. Morxver, Tshxate is determinedly anti-Communlst, which puts him on xr side In the Cold Wax.

Let us, by all means, think twlx abxt Ixdlng our cxUnu-ed supxrt to the idea that every little language must have a natix of its own. It woidd be idiotic to xt Canada into two natixs, a French nation with its capital at Quebx, and an English natix with a capital at Ottawa. It would te widdal to (Continued on page flvt)

latent Medicines Scrutinizec.

By ELMER ROESSNER

The Federal Trade Commission apxars to te taking a more serious look at the patent medicine business. In the last few days it has Instituted new proceedings against the makers of Geritol liquid and tablets and has issued an order against claims for New Super Hada-col liquid and caxules.

The xmplaint against the makers of Geritol. the J. B. Williams Co., Inc., of New York, and Its advertising agency, alleges that neitter the liquid nor the tablets will be of benefit in treating tiredness, loss of strength, run-down feeling, nervousness or irritability, excepting in a few cases.

Hadaxl, Inc.. of Chicago, was ordered to cease false advertising. The examiner found that Advertising failed to reveal that the product will benefit in treating tiredness, sleeplessness, nervousness and exhaustion xly

in a small minority of cases. The examiners decisix may te reviewed by the commission.

BOSSA NOVA, EVEN WHEN YOU SLEEP

Bedspreads, ticking, draperies, slip covers, upholstery and carxting will te introduced in bxsa nova colors at the January Furniture Mart in Chicago.

24 million bushels in 1931-35. shot --up to 174 billion in 1941-45, and was almost 700 billix in 1961.

Japan has been one of our best markets. The United States has teen exxrting the product to the land of its origin. Now it Ixks as if the circle has been broken by the communists.

freighters and 28 other ships, including 10 crane boats.

The order will help Japan to try to te the world's largest shipbuilding notlx for the seventh xnsecutive year.

JAPAN REPORTED BUYING SOYBEAN.S IN RED CHINA

One of the most disturbing rexrts in the soybean belt in the northern Midwestern States is that a Japanese economic missix to Red China has concluded a deal for 25.7 million bushels of Chinese soybeans over five years. This is said to be in additix to 2.6 million bushels bought earlier In the fall.

Soybean culture originated in the orient and was introduced into the United States in recent dxades. Production averaged

JAPANESE BUILDING 45 SHIPS FOR RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT

Three leading Japanese shipbuilding companies are building 45 ships of various tyxs, at $96 million for the Soviet Union.

The extracts were signed in Moscow by Mitsubishi Shipbuilding and Engineering. Hitachi Shipbuilding and Engineering, and Ishlkawajima-Harima Heavy Industries.

The ships include 12 35.000-ton tankers, 5 I2,000 tx

a SHORT & SIGNIFICANT BITS OF BUSINESS NEWS A Los Angeles departmxt store advertises hostess gowns as Instant eleganx.. . Ji Chicago liquor chain advertised Melrose VSOP as the most ex-Xnslve whiskey In the world. It was offered at $18,158.95, gift-wraxed In a new RoUs-Royx. . .Natlxal Bank of Washington is offering cbeck-bxks xvered In a cholx of colorful and dexrative odors. , . .Annual sales of musical Instruments in America is around $.300 million, thrix the amount of 1946. . Ji new salt mine near Morgan City, La., is now down 1,300 feet, said to be the deexst hole In U--iana.