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-W.

Thonday, December 6, 1962

Most Recognize Air Force Needs

s?rBut We Keep Our Biggest Base

There is certain to be a new round of controversy over the Air Force proposal that it be allowed to acquire some 33,000 acres in the Lake Phelps area of Washington County for a practice bombing range.

For several years now the Air Force has been attempting to acquire a practice range in this section of the state, but it has been thwarted at every turn. The peak of the controversy came when the Air Force set its sights on a tract of land almost bordering the wildlife refuge at Lake Mattamus-keet in Hyde County.

Although the new Lake Phelps proposed site is in the same general area, it is considerably farther from the Mattamuskeet refuge than the site earlier selected by the Air Force.

In its consultations with the state Wildlife Commission several months, the Air Force agreed tocertain restrictions on use of its proposed range in order to prevent harm to wildlife in the Mattamuskeet area, or use of the area as a major wintering ground for waterfowl. Certainly a continuation of such restrictions with respect to the site in the Lake Phelps area in which the Air Force is now interested, should be insisted upon by the Wildlife

; Bankers Provide College Answer

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES WRITE If you want to go to college but d(t have the mooey, write to me.

These were toe words d Governor Terry Sanford last August In a statewide address on education and North Carolinas future, directed to students getting ready to go back to school and to hteh school seniors.

The governor suspected that, In toe midst of all ttuit was being dcme and said about education and higher education in Kcuto Carolina, there was an all-too-obvious basic pn^lem the lack oi mcney and that many toousands of bright, promising ywing people were having to give up the dream ot a college education because they couldnt affwd tt.

ANSWER If this was true. If toe cost was placing a college educi^on out d reach of toousands of young people, then the governor believed that much of the money and effort being placed into deveU^ing higher educatk in toe state would be wasted.

He felt that there had to be an answer.

At the moment he didnt know what it was. All Sanford had at the time he issued the Invitation to prcwpective students to write to him was the germ of an idea.

There were more toan 1,600 letters received by the governor saying, in effect, sure, I want to go to college, but where can I get toe money? PHILOSOPHY One of Sanfords basic philo6<^hies, expressed in various ways during his administratlm. is that North Carolina is getting rich enough and able to afford to attack certain pn^lems and weaknesses which in the past have held back its growth and develcv ment.

He expressed this philosophy In a recent Q>eech, to a group of bankers in Charlotte, saying *we are for alnoost toe first time in our history in a financial posltlan to Invest fully in toe future of our pe(H>le and our state.

Unless we see toe future and Invest adequately now, we will not continue to make ingress. ASK hi toe san speech. BanfcHid tidced dl a l(g list d what he considers chief needs d the state. And amcmg these, he mentioned im>re investment CMdtal and student loans.

But two months ago, when the letters from prospective students were pouring in. Sanford called together some of the states leading bankers and businessmen. He spread the letters on the dedc, and asked: What do we do?

This was. in effect, the be-inning of a broad new student program developed by the

N. C. Bankers Association acting on Sanf(M*d's request, and m son fairly conclusive statistics as to toe need for such a program.

INVEST The bankers, led by Bankers Association president Oscar J. Mooneyham and Victor J. Bell Jr., chairman of the grtMip's student loan committee, turned to the idea of pumping up toe College Foundation Inc., an org&nizsJtAoa established during the Hodges administration as a vehicle to get m<H)ey for student loans.. It had never been too successful, and had raised only about $80,000.

One reasOT perhaps was that trustees of this foundatiwi included various state (rfficials, members d the Council of State, and others who were not at liberty to solicit funds.

The bankers themselves got busy. An agreement was worked out that provides that four of the seven trustees will be active bankers, appointed by the governor from a list of nominees submitted by the bankers associatiwi.

Each bank in the state is being asked to pledge me per cent of Its capital reserve, potentially a total of more than $3 mil-li(Hi, for student loans through the College Foundation. It is expected too that there may be other sources of investment money available as the program progresses.

START When the program was announced, toe fund has nearly two and a half million dollars to begin with, and the $80,000 in original student loan funds will be used at toe outset.

Plans are that the program begin with the start d 1963 c(d-lege sessitms. Administrative details must be worked out, new trustees nominated and appointed, and the program explained and machinery set up.

How well the program works, how effective it 1b, d course, remains to be seen. The officials supporting tt realize that it will not be a ccxnplete answer In ttseli. nor pertiaps entirely satlsiactory- The plan Is, to some extent, patterned after other student loan programs but Is stronger to the extent that it dien loans to first-year stu-doits, freshmen, if they have been accepted for admission and are found quaUfied on basis of need.

Sanford feels such a program is a necessary bond to correlate things being done in higher ed-ucatlcxi.

We have invested much In educaUon.* he said. But we havent done it all. As Iraig as a shigle child is denied an education beyond the high school for reasons of lack of funds, then we are failing the challenge.

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Most citizens of the state, we think', recognize the Air Force need for a practice range in this area to be used by planes stationed at Seymour Johnson base in Goldsboro. Events of recent months have likewise pointed up the extreme limitation on possible sites which would meet all requirements for such a range. If the Lake Phelps site meets the Air Force requirements, and if the Air Force will adhere to precautions set forth by the state for protection of wildlife and other natural resources of the area, the problem of finding a suitable range site should be near a solution.

We trust state officials, as well as local officials in the area involved, will cooperate with tho Air Force in securing the proposed site for a range, .taking proper safeguards to see that local and state interests are protected.

Members Must Share UN Operations Cost

It is time the United Nations adopt a firm policy that its members must share in the total cost of U.N. operations or be dismissed from membership in the international organization.

Little is to be gained, it seems to us, if the Soviet Union is to be allowed to denounce its responsibility for any portion of the cost of U.N. operations in the Congo and Middle East. These peace-keeping functions of the United Nations are just as essential to the goals and purposes of the organization as the debates which go on in New York. They are as essential as efforts of the U.N. to aid emerging nations and efforts to avoid international conflicts through negotiations.

The Soviets have denounced responsibility for any part in the cost of the Congo operations because those operations were approved in the U.N. General Assembly rather than in the Security Council where the Soviets have veto power. Such a shallow excuse by the Soviet Union to side-step its obligation should be apparent to the entire world.

It would be a disaster if the United Nations were allowed to die because of financial problems. The organization faces such a possibility in very realistic terms if member nations do not shoulder their respecti\e shares of the Congo and Middle East operations.

The Soviets may give lip service to their desire to see the United Nations continue as a force for peace in the world and a benefit to all men. Their refusal to share in the total cost of U.N. operations, however, speaks much louder than their words.

Managed News And The Leaks

By FATRICIA MOORE

?riends In Sixth Grade

Last week It was this reporters pleasure (well, most of it was pleasurable) to visit Wahl-Coates Elementary School to observe frcs being dissected by a sixth grade class.

The reporter hadnt been in the classroom long before the sixth graders had sort of adopted me and I was called upon by a few students: Mrs.

Moore, can you find the stomach of this frog?

They made me feel as If I had arrived. There I was, taking pictures, looking at lungs

?ublic

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) News from Presidrat Kennedys ad-ministratkxi isnt always handled In a goldfish bowl.

Kennedy himself is probably more accessible to reporters who want to see him than any president. The resulting stories, as this writer sees them, are not always happy, however, because of the rules covering such meetings.

By not revealing they were obtained in an Interview and by not even indicating the President did the talking, they sne-times serve as simple publicity pipelines for Kennedys views without his having to be responsible tor them.

The pracce is not new. Other presidents have die the same, in one way or anotoer. Off-the-record dinners or lunches with government officials are a kind of Washlngkm folk custom.

Kennedys press secretary, Pierre Salinger, more and more has (teveloped the habit of talking to repMiers for background only meaning what he says cant be attributed to him directly.

At toe same time, other 8(mrce8 In the White House, within the bounds of any highly sensitive situation, have been accessible to reporters and occasionally very helpful.

T\sday night in Pittsburgh, Salinger said, Information has never been more accessible in Washington than it Is today. took newspapers to task for what he called their failure to deal effectively writh Irresponsibility wdthln their own ranks.

But ttre is also within the Kennedy administration the kind of story that is fed or leaked to r^>orters and damages key people around Kennedy. Two examples: The cases of Chester Bowles and Adlai E. Stevenson.

Back in 1961 Charles L. Bartlett, close personal friend of Kennedy and Washlngttm correspondent of The Chattanooga Times, wrote that Bowles, then undersecretary of state but not for long, had created a sense of disorder in the State Department and would continue to do

so while be kept his job.

Bowles wasnt dropped immediately. But fnxn then until he was removed, and given a job as special adviser to Kennedy, rumors persisted he was on his wray out.

Now in this weeks Saturday Evening Post. Bartlett, but this time along with Stewart Alsop, who is said to have fine contacts within the administration, reported on the harried, secret October days when Kennedy and his advisers decided on a showdown with Russia over its missiles in C!uba.

Secret though all this was supposed to be, Bartlett and Alsop report on who said what to Kennedy. But when they get to the part played by Stevenson, . S. ambassador to the United Nations, they quote a nwi-admlrlng official as saying Stevenson w'anted a Munich by making ccmcessions to Russia.

A new storm brtrfce: Was the adminlBtration getting ready to bounce Stevenson, as it bounced Bowles? Unless Kennedy now publicly backs Stevenson his value at the United Nations sems badly damaged.

Nothing here is intended to suggest Kennedy himself did the feeding or leaking about Bowles or Stevenswi. But somebody around him did, and perhaps the somebody didnt like either man to begin with.

The administrati(xi has been criticized by the press for the way It clamped down on news during the Cuban crisis. But Salinger said Tuesday night that, while the administration did put the lid on Informatiwi affecting national security, it withheld no legitimate information.

But 18 mmths ago The Associated Press reported, when there was no crisis, that access to news sources under the Kennedy administration is managed because Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara attempts to determine who and under what circumstances newsmen interview or contact officials.

McNamara tightened up almost from the time he took (Continued on page b\x)

TO THE EDITOR:

Recently there have been many statements attacking certain leaders in North Carolina, leaders who have been associated with agricultural programs for many years and who are recognized in several States for outstanding service and leadership. These attacks have conae from pe<H)le who have benefitted by programs ccmceived, developed and sponsored by leaders under attack. It is difficult to understand how the beneficiaries of the various farm programs can turn their backs on these leaders, now, and subject them to such unwarranted criticism.

I believe that these statements have probably been made In haste and on impulse, rather than coming from the heart, or after due consideration has been given to all facts and factors Involved.

Two of these leaders under attack are Carl T. Hicks and A. C. Edwards. In my opinion, both stand out for the work they have rendered the North Carolina Farm Bureau and the Flue-Cured Tobacco Stabilization Corporation. It has been my privilege to serve and work vlth these two, and I have observed over the years that their w'ork has been outstanding. Both come from Greene County, a county that has expressed confidence in these men on many different occasions.

It is WITHOUT their knowl-edge that I am writing this letter. But any statement made in their behalf would be, at best, poor recognition, and faint praise for the work they have done. Both own fiUTns, and are dedicated, civic-minded citizens, devoted to their homes, families, churches and communities.

Both have been elected to, and served well, In the Legislature.

They have served agriculture, especially tobacco farmers, through farm organizations, for many years, without salary, except for the pay Mr. Edwards received as executive vice-president of the North Carolina Farm Bureau, an office he held on a temporary basis until a successor to the late R. Flake Shaw was named.

and hearts of frogs and learning something from Miss Kathryn Smiths class.

About the time things were running very smoothly, a youngster approached me and said, Why didnt they send the cir-culati(m manager out here to do this? I replied that writing wasnt his job. Well, I certainly do like the circulation manager, the cute little girl said.

Again, things were running a smooth course and my picture opportunities were grand.

A little voice appeared near

Forum

These men have left their homes and families night after night to attend farmers meetings, only to find too few farmers present. These trips have been made at their own expense. Mr. Hicks has served as president of Flue-Chired Tobacco StabUizatk! Corporation since its organlzatl(m in 1946. His salary has always been the same - $5 per meeting, plus mileage and mfeals. To attend these meetings, he has neglected his business, w-hile others have farmed, fished, or just werent interested.

These men were appointed by the U. S. Secretary of Agriculture to serve on an advisoi-y committee. They accepted the responsibility and expressed their views. Every Individual has the right to agree or disagree with these views, but I doubt the wisdom of attacking these leaders and the farm organizations they serve in such a manner that every tobacco farmer may suffer.

How ungrateful and nearsighted can we be? Would it not be best to show s(wne genuine interest and support in the present farm organizatlmis rather than start another one? The farmer's position would be weakened by more divisions. If the fanners cannot solve their problems through Flue - Cured Tobacco Stabilization Corporation, which has been in operation 16 years with a membership of more than 6(X),(X)0 in five states, or through the Farm Bureau with a membership of

55.000 in this State plus a national membership in excess of

1.600.000 plus a strong active Grange, then how can an additional organizati(m be more successful?

May I suggest that we solve our differences, unite our forces, 8UiH>ort our leaders that they may go to Raleigh and Washington as one strong voice, speaking for legislation, without which there would be no tobacco program at all.

In concluslcMi, as individuals, have we dwie our part to improve our farm programs? Time Is running out. Lets get our house in order, i Yours very truly.

W. A. Allen ParmvUle, N. C.

the camera lens and said, I certainly do wish they had sent the ciroulation manager over here because I like him a lot. She had walked from the back of the room to the front to tell me this. Foiled again.

Nevertheless. I regained my composure enough to struggle through the dissection experiment with flying colors, or so I thought. On the whole, I had enjoyed the assignment. (I didnt take a picture of my dissenter.)

As I left the building, a small figure appeared before me in the school driveway. It was a little boy fr<n the class and he wanted to give me a picture of himself.

First, I tried to dissuade him by gently suggesting his mother wanted the picture. No, she had one. Then I suggested that maybe he wanted to save It for his friends. No, he had several pictures left over and thought I might like to have one.

I took the picture. And the friendship offered.

When I got back, I made the circulation manager feel good by telling the story about the little girl.

Following on the heels of colleague Henry Howard, who so aptly described several w^ords which got tangled up in somebodys brain, I can hardly resist the temptation to be a mouthpiece for the expression of one of our able reporters that^when mistakes are made what would we do without the xs.

Gxet ax fewx x'x arounxxd and txhe xworld becomes a different X place. . jcx.

However, sounds better and means more when spoken as suxh: exe. It is rather cold when simply written x.

Opinions In Brief

We ofttimes wonder why, when there is an accident with little question that the man behind the wheel was quite inebriated, we read that he w^as arrested simply for reckless driving or jjublic drunkenness. Probably not a little of the reason is that police figure their only chance of making the count stick is to make the lesser charge. Oak Ridge (Tenn.) Oak Ridger.

Have we sunk so deeply ' into the morass of complacency that the passing of our flag awakens not the faintest spark of honor in Americans? Has it become unfashionable to pay homage to the American Flag?Cleveland

(Tenn.) Daily Banner.

Strength For Today

When Holy Joe

J

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.. i

By EARL DOUGLAS FIRSTAND ALWAYS FIRST

Some time ago 1 had toe privilege of attending a meeting at which a well educated and distinguished Moslem was the speaker. Everyone was charmed by his brilliance and the ra-dlam of his personality. He has spent his life in diplomatic service. He is the son of a Moslem minister.

Dont say that the wealth of America is in your natural resources, or in your business and Industrial corporatlcms. he said. The wealth of the English speaking nations of the Western Hemisphere is in the realm of character moral character. You are toe richest pe<^le in the world because you are toe klndwa people you are and because of the life you live and toe ideals you attempt to attain. Keep it up. There is no

other type of wealth worth having.

It is good to hear a distinguished citizen from another country and of another faith speak this way of our beloved land. To be living in the midst of the 20th Century, In a free country, and amid the possibilities which Canada and toe United States offer, constitute privileges the like of which human beings have never enjoyed before. And the greatness of our countries abides in the fact that basically we put moral character first.

Like all the rest of the world we are experiencing at the present time a moral decline, but we will have a greater opportunity to survive because of what we have been and what we have pressed toward as our Ideals.

Moral character fhst always first.

By JOHN ABNEY

MEXICO CITY There is a fellow here called The Gorilla who is not really a gorilla but simply a wrestler who looks like one.

The Gorilla got his name from leaping about the ring In a classic manner which would anxise the envy of any self-respecting ape.

Now his favorite hold, which he calls the Supersonic Swan, is applied by diving from a ring post into the face of his op-P(Mient. Generally, they will turn out the lights and go home after the flrat dive.

But if the enemy takes evasive action. Gorilla bounces on his head like a pogo stick and nobodys the worse for the effort. On one occasion, however, he somersaulted over and landed where he sits and It nearly killed him.

All of which comes around to an encounter one evening between The Gorilla and a gen

tleman called Holy Joe, who sported long hair and a beard that looked like wet chicken feathers coning out of a mattress.

It was mostly dull until Gorilla was flung from the ring and scrambled back with some borrowed matches to set fire to Holy Joes beard.

And after toe referee squirted the beard out with an emergency coke (free plug for cokes), things became reasonably lively.

Holy Joe took to eye-gouging and The Gorilla applied his knees here and there while hanging oi to the singed chin whiskers. Then Joe retaliated by ringing the time-keepers steel gong several times on Gorillas head,' which was not necessarily painful but it did upset The Gorilla. He is (me of those sensitive personjs who takes offense easily.

The referee had an awful time after that, keeping The Gorilla from pushing his foot in Holy Joes mouto.

So one thing led to another and there they were, down in the front row bursting chairs over each others head and the public began climbing into the ring to safety.

After the fourth or fifth chair. Holy Joe was wearing a glazed look and began missing his swings. And The Gorilla stood there on a pile of kindlin wood studying the situation and finally decided there is no time like the present.

He shlnneyed up the ring post, took careful aim and swooped down in an elegant swan dive at the same split second Holy J( staggered back Into the lap of a corpulent lady spectator.

WeU. The Gorilla got up a mite shakey, not really hurt .!lnce it was only an eight or ten foot dnv to the concrete floor, and began pulling his head out from between h 1 s shoulders.

The fat lady let out several

laxes

Impede

Growth

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY

Copyright. 1962, King Features Syndicate, Inc,

The greatest single impediment to the forward movement of our ec(momy is taxes. There are other impediments, such as the operations of goverament bureaucracy, the tendency to develop bureaucracy in industry. the loss of initiative by in-house seniority in management, feather-bedding in labor, etc., etc. We are an old economy,^ not bombed into new life by war, as West Germany was; not forced by economic desperation to reverse its methods as Great Britain - has done. Besides, we have a moribund banking structure, including SEC ccmtrols which tend to stabilize risk to a point of stand-still.

However, today we shall limit ourselves to taxes. In the United States, the tax is used as a government medium to promote virtue, redistribute the wealth and to regulate business behavior. It is none of the Tax Collectors business.

Taxes are an impediment to growth under the capitalist system. The smallest tax impedes growth. However, a government requires money to service Itself and the tasks assigned to it. Therefore, a government taxes.

The question that arises is how much of a tax outgo can a people tolerate without retrograding economically. In Com-- munist countries this is answered by the government ownership of the means of produc-tlai, distribution and exchange. The people toU for the state (Ml the terms which the state lays down. Human labor is not only not free; it is not a commodity; it is a device * owned by government.

Taxes under such a system can (Hily be an additional payment over and above whatever accrues to government out of profits.

In our system, where private enterprise is permitted to func-tlCHi without government competition, taxes are paid by industry only on profits. If taxes take too large a share of the profits, too little remains for new ideas, for research and development and for growth. Because of industrial and personal and after-death taxes, the trend is sharply in the direction of mergers and monopolies. Whereas the Department of Justice seeks to break up monopolies, taxes force small enterprises to get under the umbrella of larger enterprises to prevent their profits from being dissipated in taxes.

But there Is the further point that the method of collection may work as great a hardship as the amount collected. The only adjective that fits the American method of collection is brutal.

This was to an extent brought (Ml by those taxpayers who are chiselers. They have tried to live on their expense accounts and pay as little taxes as possible. In effect, they are thieves. The Tax Collector, to deal with a few thieves, thereupon hopes to set up a sure-proof tax collecting device which is so rigid that it

may bring less revenue than_

was expected because it v/ill do harm to the liquor, the amusement and the restaurant business, large sources of revenue. If a salesman takes a customer to the theater in New York, he probably also takes his wife and the salesmans wife or girl-friend or what have you. That, in New York, with dinner, kills a $100 bill or thereabouts.

But under the new proposed arrangements, that salesman has to say, in detail, how and why he spent that business deduction. And so he has to involve his wife and the what have you, and maybe they will want receipts and some guy who eats a salami sandwich for lunch will ask, Do you have to give that customer snails to get an order? I saw some figures from a trade letter which estimates that this plan of stricter expense account reporting will take $250,000,000 out of circulation that by the normal turnover of money represents $3,000,000,000. Maybe these figures are high or lowthey are an estimate and a guess, but they do represent the general view of those in the liquor, amusement and restaurant industries. Some put it much higher.

The Tax Collector is obviously trying to enforce the law, but

(Continued on page 6)

Gorilla

yells as she and Holy Joe collapsed (Ml a soda pop vendor who dropped his bucket (Mi the gout-stricken foot of a gentleman who also yelled loudly.

There was a terrible confusion, with fights breaking out all over and nobody knowing whether duck or swing and the ring was bulging with people by this time.

Finally, toe gentleman with the gout hopped around until he found his crutch which he planted in a home run wallop across (Jorlllas posterla and The Gorilla went down for the count.

The last anyone saw of Holy Joe he was giving the fat lady a sleigh ride up the aisle while she clung to the handle of the soda pop bucket which she had plopped over his head with terrible thud.

*The Gorilla was carted out, stiff as a Puritan and not even twitching. Which confirms where I always figured he has his brains.